EP2134928B1 - Assembly device for assembling and disassembling a rotor of a turbomachine consisting of rotor disks - Google Patents

Abstract

A securing device for securing a rotor of a turbomachine against tilting is provided, the rotor being arranged perpendicular in relation to a horizontal plane. The securing device includes a support surface enabling the rotor to be laterally supported in relation to the securing device. The rotor or the tie rod, arranged in an essentially vertical manner, are oriented vertically such that during an alignment, the support surface on which the rotor or the tie rod support, are displaced such that rotor is perpendicular in relation to the horizontal plane.

Description

The invention relates to a mounting device for assembling and disassembling a composed of rotor disks rotor of a turbomachine, which rotor disks are clamped together by at least one tie rod comprising a mounted on a foundation turning block and a securing device which pivotally mounted on the turning block, relative to a horizontal plane of the Foundation cross-mounted rotor against tipping secures.

Gas turbines and their structural design are well known. The rotors of gas turbines can be constructed and assembled in different ways. A rotor variant comprises a plurality of adjacent elements, which are braced by a tie rod extending centrally through the elements. On the one hand, these elements are rotor disks and, on the other hand, pipe sections, so-called hollow shafts, which can rest on the rotor disks. The clamping of the rotor disks and the hollow shafts is carried out with each end screwed onto the tie rod nuts, often the compressor side provided screw is designed as a hollow shaft. The face-to-face flat rotor disks usually carry at their outer peripheries the blades of the turbine and the compressor. Instead of a central tie rod, it is also known to use several decentralized, off-center tie rods.

In order to assemble and disassemble such a multi-part rotor, an assembly tool is known, which essentially comprises two bearing blocks. The two bearing blocks are placed at a distance from each other and the rotor is placed on them. One of the two bearing blocks - the so-called turning block - is equipped with a joint arranged between foot and bearing surface, which is fastened to one end of the rotor. The rotor is thus placed so that its example compressor side end can be attached directly to the joint of the turning block. The other bearing block then supports the rotor from the turbine side. The hinge attached to the reversing link serves to relocate the rotor from the horizontal position to a vertical position. For this purpose, a trailer nut is screwed onto the tie rod at the turbine end of the rotor. A rope of a crane is attached to the hanger by means of a shackle. As the crane lifts the turbine end of the rotor, the compressor end rotates about the pivot point of the joint. The lifting process is completed when the rotor has reached an approximately vertical position. Then this is secured by means of a fuse, which is also provided on the turning block against tipping over. In general, this backup includes a locking pin, which is provided on the turning block above the joint and blocks the return movement of the rotor from the vertical. Then the trailer nut is dismantled, after which the actual work can be done on the vertical rotor (or tie rod).

To assemble the rotor, the tie rod is first set up vertically and then the individual rotor discs are threaded successively from above onto the tie rod by means of a crane. Subsequently, a turbine-side rotor nut is screwed. When disassembling a fully assembled rotor, the turbine-side rotor nut is removed after its vertical placement, after which the individual rotor discs can be removed from the tie rod. The rotor then essentially only comprises the tie rod.

A similar set-up with a turning block is from the German patent application 24 26 231 known (closest prior art). Central A first stop is fastened to the foundation below the turnbuckle. In contrast to the aforementioned device, the end of the rotor is not attached to the turning block, but a rotor point spaced from the end. When lifting the longer rotor section then pivots the shorter rotor section towards the foundation. The arranged on the shorter rotor portion coupling flange is located after the vertical installation on the first stop, after which on the other side of the flange then adapted a second stop and firmly connected by screws with the first stop to secure the rotor against tipping.

Object of the present invention is to provide a new mounting device for assembling and disassembling a rotor discs composed of rotor of a turbomachine, with an earthquake-proof support of the vertically erected rotor is achieved.

The object is achieved by a mounting device with the features of claim 1.

The invention is based on the recognition that an earthquake-proof mounting device can be obtained if the turning block and the securing device can be fastened separately from the foundation against overturning. So far, the safety device was either provided on the turning block, or relatively close to the Umschwenkpunkt. Because of this arrangement, only a comparatively weak securing of the vertical rotor was possible, which could no longer ensure safe support of the vertically erected for mounting or dismounting rotor in areas where smaller earthquakes occur relatively frequently - for example in California or New Zealand. Due to this requirement, the use of the securing device supporting supports is provided according to the invention, which are fixed to the foundation and span a foundation surface in which the turning block is arranged. The safety device is, so to speak, via a scaffold made up of supports jacked. The turn block according to the invention then absorbs only the weight forces of the vertically erected rotor and forwards them into the foundation. A torque load of the turn block mounting, as in the prior art, is thus avoided. Consequently, this can be made relatively simple. The forces acting laterally on the safety device from the rotor can be conducted into the foundation beyond the turnbuckles via the supports fastened in the vicinity of the turnbuckle.

Further, the distance between the supporting point of the rotor projected onto the foundation and the likewise projected points of its lateral support, which prevents the rotor from tipping over the axis of rotation of the joint, is significantly increased by the use of preferably four supports. In other words, the distance between the central attachment point of the rotor at the turnbuckle and the point of its lateral support determined at the vertical height of the foundation is significantly increased, whereby the lateral support forces to be absorbed by the securing device and to be derived from the supports can be kept comparatively small.

In addition, a lightweight mounting device can be made possible by the construction of centrally arranged turning block and this at the foundation points surrounding supports.

Due to the separation of support of the rotor in the turning block and the securing of the rotor against tipping by means of the securing device can now outgoing from the rotor larger lateral forces and moments, which occur for example in a comparatively weaker earthquake, taken from the safety device and discharged into the foundation without the vertical rotor threatening to topple over or actually overturn. The absorption of the forces for lateral support is carried out at a height - based on the foundation level - which essential is greater than the height of the axis of rotation of the joint of the turning block on which the rotor is struck.

The invention thus provides a particularly secure and reliable mounting device for assembling and disassembling a rotor composed of rotor disks of a turbomachine.

The securing device in this case comprises a support surface on which the rotor rests. Preferably, the support surface is slightly displaceable. In particular, when the rotor is to be aligned in the perpendicular, the forces acting on the securing device transversely to the normal force from the rotor are comparatively small, so that the securing device can be adapted accordingly. Furthermore, the vertical rotor allows a particularly simple threading or removal of rotor disks on the tie rod. If the support surface on which the rotor rests, in a plane approximately parallel to the horizontal plane is displaced, the already already approximately vertical rotor can be aligned so that only balance forces must be absorbed by the securing device and its framework. The entire weight of the rotor is then carried in this case by the reversing jack and passed into the foundation.

Advantageous embodiments are specified in the subclaims.

In an expedient embodiment, the securing device is arranged above the foundations on four supports arranged on the foundation in the rectangle.

The safety device only has to absorb comparatively small forces if it comprises at least one support surface, by means of which the rotor set up transversely to the horizontal plane can be supported laterally, and in which the vertical distance between a joint of the turning block and the supporting surface arranged above 2 m to 3 m.

In an advantageous embodiment of the securing device, this has above the foundation on a jacked up on several supports and struts platform or platform. The platform serves, for example, as a work platform for fitters, who make the alignment of the rotor in the vertical. In particular, it is advantageous if the support surface at the height of the platform, for example in the bottom, is provided. The one or more support surfaces, which are provided on horizontally displaceable elements, can then be connected to the platform via the screw or the hydraulic cylinder.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the turning block is designed such that it passes the weight of the rotor circular area in the foundation. As a result, a punctual, possibly unacceptably high weight load of the foundation can be largely avoided. Rather, the weight load of the rotor is distributed by turning block on the circular connecting surface of turning block and foundation.

FIG 1

die Montagevorrichtung zum Zusammensetzen und Zerlegen eines Rotors mit parallel zur Horizontal- ebene (waagerecht) angeordnetem Rotor,

FIG 2

die Montagevorrichtung gemäß FIG 1 mit senkrecht aufgestelltem Rotor,

FIG 3

die Draufsicht auf die Sicherungsvorrichtung bei geöffneter Aufnahme und

FIG 4

die Draufsicht auf die Sicherungsvorrichtung mit eingelegtem Rotor.

The invention will be explained with reference to a drawing. It shows schematically and not to scale:

FIG. 1

the assembly device for assembling and disassembling a rotor with a rotor arranged parallel to the horizontal plane (horizontal),

FIG. 2

the mounting device according to FIG. 1 with vertical rotor,

FIG. 3

the top view of the securing device with open recording and

FIG. 4

the top view of the safety device with inserted rotor.

In the figures, identical components are provided with the same reference numerals.

In FIG. 1 is a stored on two trestles 11 rotor 13 a heavy stationary gas turbine shown. The rotor 13 includes a tie rod 15 which extends centrally through a plurality of turbine disks 17 and compressor disks 19. In the example shown, the compressor-side end of the rotor 13 is shown on the left. The turbine disks 17 and the compressor disks 19 are rotor disks 21 and carry at their outer ends blades which can be exposed to a compressible flow medium of the gas turbine.

To clamp the rotor disks 21, a front hollow shaft 22 is screwed onto the tie rod 15 at the compressor-side end 33 of the rotor 13. Turbine side, a nut 24 is provided.

In order to disassemble the modular rotor 13 of the gas turbine into its individual parts, a mounting device 23 is provided in addition to the two bearing blocks 11, which is arranged rotorendseitig. The mounting device 23 comprises a turning bracket 27 which is mounted on a foundation 29. The turning block 27 is set up in alignment with the two bearing blocks 11 and has at its tip a joint 31 which is connected to the compressor-side end 33 of the rotor 13. The rotor 13 is rotatable about an axis of rotation parallel to the horizontal plane 47 of the joint 31. Furthermore, the joint 31 comprises a roller-mounted receptacle for a rotatable about a vertical axis 35 turntable 37. On the vertical axis 35 is also the Rotorabstützpunkt.

At the turbine-side end 39 of the rotor 13, a trailer nut 41 is mounted on the means of a shackle the rope of a crane can be struck.

The mounting device 23 further comprises a securing device 45 designed as a frame 43, which is anchored separately in the foundation 29 by the turning block 27.

The framework 43 comprises a platform 49 or work platform jacked up on four vertical supports 64. For stiffening the framework 43, further struts 65 extending transversely to the supports 64 are provided on each side edge of the framework 43, which additionally connect the foundation-side ends of the supports 64 to the platform 49.

In order for the rotor 13 to be pivoted into the frame 43 and into the securing device 45, part of the platform 49 and the struts 65 arranged underneath can be moved out of the pivoting range of the rotor 13. The platform 49 and the securing device 45 then have an opened receptacle (cf. FIG. 3 ).

By lifting the turbine-side end 39 of the rotor 13 with the crane this is lifted from the two bearing blocks 11, wherein the compressor-side end of the rotor 13 rotates about the axis of rotation of the joint 31. When the receptacle is open, the rotor 13 can then be moved out of its horizontal position (FIG. FIG. 1 ) in the vertical position ( FIG. 2 ), after which it is secured by means of the securing device 45 against tipping over. For this purpose, the recording is closed. Subsequently, the rotor 13 is in the in FIG. 2 put position.

The entire weight of the stationary in stationary gas turbine comparatively heavy rotor 13 then loads on the turn block 27, whereas the frame 43 can prevent the tipping of the rotor 13 with comparatively small forces. The least force is required when the rotor 13 is vertical is aligned and the axis of symmetry 46 of the rotor 13 coincides with the axis 35 of the turntable 37.

Due to the comparatively large distance between joint 31 and the lateral support of the rotor 13 at the level of the platform 49, a particularly reliable and also earthquake-resistant lateral support of the rotor 13 can be specified. Seismic safety means to this extent that the acceleration forces occurring in comparatively weak earthquakes with a comparatively low intensity are absorbed by the safety device 45 on the rotor 13 in the order of magnitude of approximately ½ g (1 g = simple gravitational acceleration) and via the platform 49 and the struts 65 can be derived in the foundation 29.

The plan view of the platform 49 of the securing device 45 show the Figures 3 and 4 , in which FIG. 3 the open to receive the rotor 13 platform 49 shows and FIG. 4 the closed platform 49 with centrally arranged tie rod 15 and front hollow shaft 22 according to the sectional view IV-IV of FIG. 2 , In the platform 49 of the securing device 45, a centrally disposed opening 51 is provided, in which an axial portion of the hollow shaft 22 can be inserted. The opening 51 is enclosed by a segmented ring 53, whose first segment 55 comprises a segmental arc of approximately 270 ° and whose second segment 57 comprises a segmental arc of approximately 90 °. The second ring segment 57 is pivotable relative to the first ring segment 55 about an axis of rotation 59, which serves for easy and quick closing and opening of the ring 53 (see. FIG. 4 ). Both segments 55, 57 each have an inwardly directed support surface 61, which can each be applied to a portion of the lateral surface of the rotor 13 and the tie rod 15.

The ring 53 lies in a plane parallel to the horizontal plane 47, ie parallel to the foundation 29, and can be displaced by means of an auxiliary device supporting it within this plane for vertical alignment of the rotor 13. The Auxiliary device comprises, for example, a plurality of screw connections 63 fastened to the platform 49. Each of these screw connections 63 has a screw axis 67, which likewise lies in the plane parallel to the horizontal plane 47. The screw 63 are arranged radially with a closed ring 53, so that their screw axes 67 meet in a virtual center 66. Instead of the screw 63 can also be provided in each case a hydraulic arrangement with a movable piston rod to laterally support the ring 53 and thereby align the rotor 13 (or tie rod 15) relative to the turn block 27 such that of this from an approximately vertical orientation in a vertical alignment can be shifted.

Instead of screwing or instead of hydraulic cylinders and the ring 53 may be mounted in a double-nested eccentric, so that the opening 51 relative to the axis 35 of the turning block 27 is arbitrarily alignable.

Also, the ring 53 is only optional. For example, it is also possible for the lateral support of the rotor 13 to take place directly from the screw connections 63 or directly from the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders. The support surfaces 61 would then be arranged on the inwardly projecting free ends 69 of the screw 63 or the inwardly projecting free ends of the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders, which would then be applied directly to the lateral surface of the rotor 13.

In order for the rotor 13 to be pivoted into the opening 51 when lifting its turbine-side end 39, the ring 53 and the platform 49 must first be opened. For this purpose, it is provided that the second segment 57 of the ring 53 is pivotable about the rotation axis 59 according to the arrow 60 from a closed position to an open position (shown). In the same way those are in the FIG. 3 strut 65 shown below and the railing 70 of the platform of the Platform 49 folded away according to the arrow 62, so that a total of the recording is open.

FIG. 4 shows the top view of the securing device 45 with the almost completely closed ring 53. The ring 53 surrounds the hollow shaft 22 so that the support surfaces 61 abut the lateral surface of the hollow shaft 22. The ring 53 is displaceable over the individual screw 63 in the plane parallel to the foundation 29, so that the center of the ring 53 and thus the center of the tie rod 15 relative to the turn block 27 and thus relative to the central Rotorabstützpunkt is slightly displaced to the rotor thirteenth in a vertical orientation.

Overall, by the structural separation of turning block and safety device, the latter larger, outgoing from the rotor forces and moments and forward into the foundation as a backup device, which is mounted directly on the turning block. Larger forces can occur, for example, with comparatively smaller earthquakes, so that now the device according to the invention satisfies earthquake requirements to a certain extent. In addition, the scaffolding can also serve as a working platform, so that the alignment of the rotor can be performed in a perpendicular much easier by fitters.

Claims (7)

1. Assembly apparatus (23) for assembling and dismantling a turbomachine rotor (13) composed of rotor disks (21), which rotor disks (21) are braced with respect to one another by means of at least one tie rod (15), comprising:

   a turning block (27) fastened on a foundation (29) and a securing device (45), by means of which securing device (45) a rotor (13) mounted pivotably on the turning block (27) and set up transversely with respect to a horizontal plane (47) of the foundation (29) can be secured against tipping over,

   the securing device (45) being fastenable to the foundation (29) separately from the turning block (27),

   characterized

   in that the securing device (45) is fastened to the foundation (29) by means of a plurality of stays (64), and

   the turning block (27) is arranged within the foundation surface spanned by the stays.
2. Assembly apparatus (23) according to Claim 1, in which the securing device (45) is arranged above the foundation (29) via four stays (64) arranged in a rectangle on the foundation (29).
3. Assembly apparatus (23) according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the securing device (45) comprises at least one supporting surface (61), by means of which the rotor (13) set up transversely with respect to the horizontal plane (47) can be supported laterally, and in which the vertical distance between a joint (31) of the turning block (27) and the supporting surface (61) arranged above it is 2 m to 3 m.
4. Assembly apparatus (23) according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the stays (64) carry a platform (49).
5. Assembly apparatus (23) according to Claim 4, in which the supporting surface (61) is provided at the height of the platform (49).
6. Assembly apparatus (23) according to either of Claims 4 and 5, in which the platform (49) is designed as a work stage for fitters.
7. Assembly apparatus (23) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the turning block (27) conducts the weight force of the rotor (13) further on into the foundation (29) over a circular area.

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