EP1983161A1 - Safety device for protection of a rotor of a fluid flow engine installed at right angles to the horizontal plane against overturning and mounting device - Google Patents

Abstract

A securing device for securing a rotor of a turbomachine against tilting is provided, the rotor being arranged perpendicular in relation to a horizontal plane. The securing device includes a support surface enabling the rotor to be laterally supported in relation to the securing device. The rotor or the tie rod, arranged in an essentially vertical manner, are oriented vertically such that during an alignment, the support surface on which the rotor or the tie rod support, are displaced such that rotor is perpendicular in relation to the horizontal plane.

Description

Safety device for securing a transversely mounted against a horizontal plane rotor of a turbomachine against tipping and mounting device

The invention relates to a mounting device for assembling and disassembling a composed of rotor disks rotor of a turbomachine, which rotor disks are clamped together by at least one tie rod comprising a mounted on a foundation turning block and a securing device which pivotally mounted on the turning block, relative to a horizontal plane of the Foundation cross-mounted rotor against tipping secures. Furthermore, the invention relates to a securing device as a part of the mounting device.

Gas turbines and their structural design are well known. The rotors of gas turbines can be constructed and assembled in different ways. A rotor variant comprises a plurality of adjacent elements, which are braced by a tie rod extending centrally through the elements. On the one hand, these elements are rotor disks and, on the other hand, pipe sections, so-called hollow shafts, which can rest on the rotor disks. The clamping of the rotor disks and the hollow shafts is carried out with each end screwed onto the tie rod nuts, often the compressor side provided screw is designed as a hollow shaft. The face-to-face flat rotor disks usually carry at their outer peripheries the blades of the turbine and the compressor. Instead of a central tie rod, it is also known to use several decentralized tie rods.

To assemble and disassemble such a multi-part rotor, an assembly tool is known, which in Essentially comprises two bearing blocks. The two bearing blocks are placed at a distance from each other and the rotor is placed on them. One of the two bearing blocks - the so-called turning block - is equipped with a joint arranged between foot and bearing surface, which is fastened to one end of the rotor. The rotor is thus placed so that its example compressor side end can be attached directly to the joint of the turning block. The other bearing block then supports the rotor from the turbine side. The hinge attached to the reversing link serves to relocate the rotor from the horizontal position to a vertical position. For this purpose, a trailer nut is screwed onto the tie rod at the turbine end of the rotor. A rope of a crane is attached to the hanger by means of a shackle. As the crane lifts the turbine end of the rotor, the compressor end rotates about the pivot point of the joint. The lifting process is completed when the rotor has reached a vertical position. Then this is secured by means of a fuse, which is also provided on the turning block against tipping over. In general, this backup includes a locking pin, which is provided on the turning block above the joint and blocks the return movement of the rotor from the vertical. Then the trailer nut is dismantled, after which the actual work can be done on the vertical rotor (or tie rod).

To mount the rotor, the tie rod is set up vertically and then the individual rotor disks are threaded successively from above onto the tie rod by means of a crane. During disassembly of a fully assembled rotor, the rotor nut arranged on the turbine side is removed, after which the individual rotor disks can be removed from the tie rod.

The object of the present invention is to provide a new assembly device for assembling and disassembling a rotor composed of rotor disks of a turbomachine specify that an earthquake-resistant support of the vertical rotor is achieved. Another object of the invention is to provide a securing device for securing a transverse to a horizontal plane erected rotor of a turbomachine against tipping, in which the rotor is particularly easy to align in the vertical.

The first object is achieved by a mounting device with the features of claim 9. The problem solved by the safety device is solved by a safety device having the features of claim 1.

The invention is based on the recognition that an earthquake-proof mounting device can be obtained if the turning block and the securing device can be fastened separately from the foundation against overturning. So far, the safety device was also provided on the turning block. Because of this arrangement, only a comparatively weak securing of the vertical rotor was possible, which could no longer ensure safe support of the vertically erected for mounting or dismounting rotor in areas where smaller earthquakes occur relatively frequently - for example in California or New Zealand. Due to this requirement, the distance between the central attachment point of the rotor on the turning block and the point of its lateral support, which prevents tipping of the rotor about the axis of rotation of the joint has been significantly increased according to the invention. It was further recognized that the support forces and the Abstützmomente could not be transferred from the turning block to the foundation due to the significantly increased distance now. Consequently, it was recognized that the attachment of the rotor to the turning block and the lateral support of the rotor had to be carried out by two separately attached to the foundation devices: attached to the foundation turning bridge and the separately attached scaffold-like safety device.

By separating support of the rotor in the turning block and securing the rotor against tipping by means of the securing device, larger forces and moments emanating from the rotor, which occur, for example, in a comparatively weaker earthquake, can now be absorbed by the securing device and discharged into the foundation, without causing the vertical rotor threatens to tip over or actually overturn. The absorption of the forces for lateral support is carried out at a height - based on the foundation level - which is substantially greater than the height of the axis of rotation of the pivot of the turning block.

The invention thus provides a particularly secure and reliable mounting device for assembling and disassembling a rotor composed of rotor disks of a turbomachine.

Furthermore, the invention proceeds from the recognition that a particularly simple alignment of the rotor positioned approximately perpendicularly with respect to the horizontal plane into the perpendicular can be achieved if the at least one support surface of the securing device against which the rotor bears can be displaced. In particular, when the rotor is to be aligned in the perpendicular, the forces acting on the securing device transversely to the normal force from the rotor are comparatively small, so that the securing device can be adapted accordingly. Furthermore, the vertical rotor allows a particularly simple threading or removal of rotor disks on the tie rod.

If the support surface on which the rotor rests, in a plane approximately parallel to the horizontal plane is displaced, the already already approximately vertical rotor can be aligned so that only balance forces must be absorbed by the securing device. The total weight of the rotor is in this case then carried by the reversing jack and directed into the foundation.

Advantageous embodiments are specified in the subclaims.

In a preferred embodiment, the support surface is arranged on a ring composed of at least two ring segments. The support surface can thereby create a part of the lateral surface of the rotor, in particular on the lateral surface of a hollow shaft or a rotor disk. Preferably, the support surface is the inner cylindrical surface of the ring, wherein the ring attached to the rotor is also provided as mechanical protection. The ring can either be attached to the still located in the horizontal rotor, so even before the erection of the rotor in the vertical. Or, the ring is already preassembled in the framework-like securing device and opened so far that the rotor section, which is to be inserted into the ring, can be introduced.

In order to fix the rotor particularly easily and quickly in a securing device, one of the two ring segments is pivotally mounted relative to the other ring segment. This allows a particularly simple mounting of the ring on the rotor carried out, regardless of whether the ring is pre-assembled on the horizontal rotor or whether the ring is secured to the securing device in advance.

In order to displace the support surfaces, a plurality of screw connections or a plurality of hydraulic cylinders are provided which each extend parallel or nearly parallel to the horizontal plane and which have parallel or nearly parallel to the horizontal plane movable elements such as screws or hydraulic pistons. In this case, at least three screw connections or hydraulic cylinders are provided in such a way to displace the rotor, which is positioned approximately vertically, in such a way that it is brought into the perpendicular from an approximately vertical position can be. Preferably, however, more than three, in particular preferably eight or nine screw connections or hydraulic cylinders are provided in order to ensure a particularly secure lateral support and a particularly exact alignment. This is particularly required for heavy duty gas turbines used in commercial power generation, since their rotor weight can be several tens of thousands of kilograms.

The screw or hydraulic cylinder of the securing device are arranged like a beam around a virtual center. In addition, the securing device and the turning block are to be aligned and fastened to one another on the foundation in such a way that, in the vertical, the projection of the virtual center coincides with a central rotor support point on the turning block. The central rotor support point is the point on the axis of rotation of the joint, on which the center of gravity of the rotor is to be placed. In particular, as a result, the vertical alignment of the rotor can be done comparatively quickly with relatively little effort.

Instead of a plurality of screw connections or a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, in an alternative embodiment of the safety device at least one eccentric disc may be provided, in which the support surface is arranged. So that by means of the support surface of the approximately vertically positioned rotor can be adjusted in any position relative to the Rotorabstützpunkt the turning block, preferably two nested eccentric discs are provided, of which the inner eccentric disc has the support surface. This also makes it possible to achieve a particularly simple alignment of the approximately vertically positioned rotor in the vertical.

In an advantageous embodiment of the securing device, this has above the foundation a jacked up on several supports and struts platform or platform on. The platform serves, for example, as a work platform for fitters, who make the alignment of the rotor in the vertical. In particular, it is advantageous if the support surface is provided at the height of the platform. The one or more support surfaces may then be connected to the platform via the fittings or the hydraulic cylinder. Preferably, the distance between the joint of the turning block and the supporting surface arranged above about 2 - 3 m.

FIG 1

die Montagevorrichtung zum Zusammensetzen und Zerlegen eines Rotors mit parallel zur Horizontalebene (waagerecht) angeordnetem Rotor,

FIG 2

die Montagevorrichtung gemäß FIG 1 mit senkrecht aufgestelltem Rotor,

FIG 3

die Draufsicht auf die Sicherungsvorrichtung bei geöffneter Aufnahme und

FIG 4

die Draufsicht auf die Sicherungsvorrichtung mit eingelegtem Rotor.

The invention will be explained with reference to a drawing. It shows schematically and not to scale:

FIG. 1

the assembly device for assembling and disassembling a rotor with a rotor arranged parallel to the horizontal plane (horizontal),

FIG. 2

the mounting device according to FIG. 1 with vertical rotor,

FIG. 3

the top view of the securing device with open recording and

FIG. 4

the top view of the safety device with inserted rotor.

In the figures, identical components are provided with the same reference numerals.

In FIG. 1 is a stored on two trestles 11 rotor 13 a heavy stationary gas turbine shown. The rotor 13 includes a tie rod 15 which extends centrally through a plurality of turbine disks 17 and compressor disks 19. In the example shown, the compressor-side end of the rotor 13 is shown on the left. The turbine disks 17 and the compressor disks 19 are rotor disks 21 and wear at their outer ends blades, which are a compressible flow medium of the gas turbine exposed.

To clamp the rotor disks 21, a front hollow shaft 22 is screwed onto the tie rod 15 at the compressor-side end 33 of the rotor 13. Turbine side, a nut 24 is provided.

In order to disassemble the modular rotor 13 of the gas turbine into its individual parts, a mounting device 23 is provided in addition to the two bearing blocks 11, which is arranged rotorendseitig. The mounting device 23 comprises a turning bracket 27 which is mounted on a foundation 29. The turning block 27 is set up in alignment with the two bearing blocks 11 and has at its tip a joint 31 which is connected to the compressor-side end 33 of the rotor 13. The rotor 13 is rotatable about an axis of rotation parallel to the horizontal plane 47 of the joint 31. Furthermore, the joint 31 comprises a roller-mounted receptacle for a rotatable about a vertical axis 35 turntable 37. On the vertical axis 35 is also the Rotorabstützpunkt.

At the turbine-side end 39 of the rotor 13, a trailer nut 41 is mounted on the means of a shackle the rope of a crane can be struck.

The mounting device 23 further comprises a securing device 45 designed as a frame 43, which is anchored separately in the foundation 29 by the turning block 27.

The framework 43 comprises a platform 49 or work platform jacked up on four vertical supports 64. For stiffening the framework 43, further struts 65 extending transversely to the supports 64 are provided on each side edge of the framework 43, which additionally connect the foundation-side ends of the supports 64 to the platform 49.

In order for the rotor 13 to be pivoted into the frame 43 and into the securing device 45, part of the platform 49 and the struts 65 arranged underneath can be moved out of the pivoting range of the rotor 13. The platform 49 and the securing device 45 then have an opened receptacle (cf. FIG. 3 ).

By lifting the turbine-side end 39 of the rotor 13 with the crane this is lifted from the two bearing blocks 11, wherein the compressor-side end of the rotor 13 rotates about the axis of rotation of the joint 31. When the receptacle is open, the rotor 13 can then be moved out of its horizontal position (FIG. FIG. 1 ) in the vertical position ( FIG. 2 ), after which it is secured by means of the securing device 45 against tipping over. For this purpose, the recording is closed. Subsequently, the rotor 13 is in the in FIG. 2 put position.

The entire weight of the stationary in stationary gas turbine comparatively heavy rotor 13 then loads on the turn block 27, whereas the frame 43 can prevent the tipping of the rotor 13 with comparatively small forces. The lowest force is required when the rotor 13 is aligned vertically and the axis of symmetry 46 of the rotor 13 coincides with the axis 35 of the turntable 37.

Due to the comparatively large distance between joint 31 and the lateral support of the rotor 13 at the level of the platform 49, a particularly reliable and also earthquake-resistant lateral support of the rotor 13 can be specified. Seismic safety means to this extent that the acceleration forces occurring in comparatively weak earthquakes with a comparatively low intensity are absorbed by the safety device 45 on the rotor 13 in the order of magnitude of approximately ½ g (1 g = simple gravitational acceleration) and via the platform 49 and the struts 65 can be derived in the foundation 29.

The plan view of the platform 49 of the securing device 45 show the Figures 3 and 4 , in which FIG. 3 the open to receive the rotor 13 platform 49 shows and FIG. 4 the closed platform 49 with centrally arranged tie rod 15 and front hollow shaft 22 according to the sectional view IV-IV of FIG. 2 , In the platform 49 of the securing device 45, a centrally disposed opening 51 is provided, in which an axial portion of the hollow shaft 22 can be inserted. The opening 51 is enclosed by a segmented ring 53, whose first segment 55 comprises a segmental arc of approximately 270 ° and whose second segment 57 comprises a segmental arc of approximately 90 °. The second ring segment 57 is pivotable relative to the first ring segment 55 about an axis of rotation 59, which serves for easy and quick closing and opening of the ring 53 (see. FIG. 4 ). Both segments 55, 57 each have an inwardly directed support surface 61, which can each be applied to a portion of the lateral surface of the rotor 13 and the tie rod 15.

The ring 53 lies in a plane parallel to the horizontal plane 47, ie parallel to the foundation 29, and can be displaced by means of an auxiliary device supporting it within this plane for vertical alignment of the rotor 13. The auxiliary device comprises, for example, a plurality of screw connections 63 fastened to the platform 49. Each of these screw connections 63 has a screw axis 67, which likewise lies in the plane parallel to the horizontal plane 47. The screw 63 are arranged radially with a closed ring 53, so that their screw axes 67 meet in a virtual center 66. Instead of the screw 63 can also be provided in each case a hydraulic arrangement with a movable piston rod to laterally support the ring 53 and thereby align the rotor 13 (or tie rod 15) relative to the turn block 27 such that of this from an approximately vertical orientation in a vertical alignment can be shifted.

Instead of screwing or instead of hydraulic cylinders and the ring 53 may be mounted in a double-nested eccentric, so that the opening 51 relative to the axis 35 of the turning block 27 is arbitrarily alignable.

Also, the ring 53 is only optional. For example, it is also possible for the lateral support of the rotor 13 to take place directly from the screw connections 63 or directly from the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders. The support surfaces 61 would then be arranged on the inwardly projecting free ends 69 of the screw 63 or the inwardly projecting free ends of the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders, which would then be applied directly to the lateral surface of the rotor 13.

In order for the rotor 13 to be pivoted into the opening 51 when lifting its turbine-side end 39, the ring 53 and the platform 49 must first be opened. For this purpose, it is provided that the second segment 57 of the ring 53 is pivotable about the rotation axis 59 according to the arrow 60 from a closed position to an open position (shown). In the same way those are in the FIG. 3 shown below struts 65 and the railing 70 of the platform of the platform 49 according to the arrow 62 folded away, so that a total of the receptacle is opened.

FIG. 4 shows the top view of the securing device 45 with the almost completely closed ring 53. The ring 53 surrounds the hollow shaft 22 so that the support surfaces 61 abut the lateral surface of the hollow shaft 22. The ring 53 is displaceable over the individual screw 63 in the plane parallel to the foundation 29, so that the center of the ring 53 and thus the center of the tie rod 15 relative to the turn block 27 and thus relative to the central Rotorabstützpunkt is slightly displaced to the rotor thirteenth in a vertical orientation.

Overall, by the structural separation of turning block and safety device, the latter larger, outgoing from the rotor forces and moments and forward into the foundation as a backup device, which is mounted directly on the turning block. Larger forces can occur, for example, with comparatively smaller earthquakes, so that now the device according to the invention satisfies earthquake requirements to a certain extent. In addition, the scaffolding can also serve as a working platform, so that the alignment of the rotor can be performed in a perpendicular much easier by fitters.

Claims (10)

Safety device (45) for securing a transverse to a horizontal plane (47) erected rotor (13) of a turbomachine against tipping,
with at least one support surface (61), by which a rotor (13) arranged transversely to the horizontal plane (47) can be supported laterally by the securing device (45),
characterized in that
for vertical alignment of the rotor (13) the support surface (61) parallel to the horizontal plane (47) is displaceable. Securing device (45) according to claim 1,
in which the support surface (61) is arranged on a ring (53) composed of at least two ring segments (55, 57). Securing device (45) according to claim 2,
in which one of the two ring segments (57) relative to the other ring segment (55) is pivotally mounted. Securing device (45) according to claim 1 to 3,
in which a plurality of screw connections (63) or several hydraulic cylinders are provided,
which each extend parallel to the horizontal plane (47) and which have parallel to the horizontal plane (47) movable elements for displacing the support surface (61). Securing device (45) according to claim 4,
in which the screw connections (63) or hydraulic cylinders are arranged in the manner of a beam around a virtual center (66). Securing device (45) according to claim 1 to 3,
the at least one eccentric disc comprises, in which the support surface (61) is provided. Securing device (45) according to one of claims 1 to 6,
which can be fastened on a foundation (29) and has a platform (49) jacked up on the foundation (29) by means of a plurality of supports (64) and struts (65). Safety device (45) according to claim 6,
in which the support surface (61) is provided at the height of the platform. Mounting device (23) for assembling and disassembling a rotor (13) composed of rotor disks (21) of a turbomachine,
which rotor disks (21) are clamped together by at least one tie rod (15),
full: one on a foundation (29) fixed turning block (27) and a securing device (45), which secures a pivot (2) mounted on the turn block (27) and opposite a horizontal plane (47) of the foundation (29) transversely positioned rotor (13), characterized,
that the securing device (45) from the turning block (27) separately on the foundation (29) can be fastened. Mounting device (23) according to claim 8,
with a securing device (45) according to one of claims 1 to 7.

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