EP2128523B1 - Verbrennungsanlage und Verfahren zum Regeln einer Verbrennungsanlage - Google Patents

Verbrennungsanlage und Verfahren zum Regeln einer Verbrennungsanlage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2128523B1
EP2128523B1 EP09006176.3A EP09006176A EP2128523B1 EP 2128523 B1 EP2128523 B1 EP 2128523B1 EP 09006176 A EP09006176 A EP 09006176A EP 2128523 B1 EP2128523 B1 EP 2128523B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
incineration
combustion
residues
plant according
recirculated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09006176.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2128523A3 (de
EP2128523A2 (de
Inventor
Johannes Martin
Oliver Gohlke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
Original Assignee
Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik filed Critical Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
Priority to PL09006176T priority Critical patent/PL2128523T3/pl
Publication of EP2128523A2 publication Critical patent/EP2128523A2/de
Publication of EP2128523A3 publication Critical patent/EP2128523A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2128523B1 publication Critical patent/EP2128523B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
    • F23B5/02—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in main combustion chamber
    • F23B5/025—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in main combustion chamber recirculating uncombusted solids to combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B70/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means returning solid combustion residues to the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/106—Combustion in two or more stages with recirculation of unburned solid or gaseous matter into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/10—Waste feed arrangements using ram or pusher
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/20—Waste supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/00001—Exhaust gas recirculation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55006—Measuring material flow rates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55009—Controlling stoker grate speed or vibrations for waste movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/12—Recycling exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/36—PID signal processing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/54—Recording
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/18—Incinerating apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an incinerator with a furnace, means for recirculating combustion residues into the furnace, means for measuring at least one parameter of the combustion and means for influencing the combustion. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for controlling an incinerator.
  • Such incinerators are widely used and are mainly used as large combustion plants for the incineration of waste and waste.
  • Various combustion parameters are measured and influenced to ensure optimum combustion and to minimize the generation of harmful emissions. It is important that the materials to be burned, in particular the garbage, are burnt out as completely as possible and that little pollutants can be found in the flue gas.
  • the object of the invention is to further develop an incineration plant in such a way that optimum combustion with minimal pollutant emissions is achieved.
  • Such a device makes it possible to vary the amount of the recirculated combustion states such that the combustion is acted upon by the variable amount of recirculated combustion residues.
  • the size of the flame can be reduced via the amount of recirculated combustion residues.
  • the size of the flame can also be reduced by a reduction of Combustion residue firing intensified to achieve a better burnout.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the incinerator provides that the furnace is designed as grate firing, in particular with a return grate, and the combustion residues are given up at the beginning of the grate.
  • the recirculation of the combustion residues is thus used as an additional means for influencing the combustion.
  • the means for recycling the combustion residues has a driven conveyor.
  • a driven conveyor may for example be a screw conveyor.
  • pneumatic conveyors are suitable for this purpose.
  • a special embodiment provides that the combustion residues are recycled at least with a portion of the primary or secondary air.
  • a pneumatic conveyor supplies combustion residues and combustion air to the furnace.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment variant provides that the device for measuring combustion parameters has a camera.
  • a camera can be accurately determined locally, as the combustion takes place in the supply and in particular at different locations of a combustion grate. This makes it easier to add the combustion residues targeted by location and amount of firing.
  • an image processing system By means of an image processing system, a targeted recycling of the combustion residues can take place fully automatically.
  • an automation allows it according to measured parameters to control or regulate the return to Zuzhouort (place), supplied volume flow (amount) and feed duration (time).
  • a simple embodiment provides that the recirculation of the combustion residues is controlled.
  • the device acting on the return of the combustion residues has a regulator.
  • Such a controller cooperates with a measuring and an adjusting device to adjust the amount to be returned exactly.
  • the measuring device may in this case have the camera and / or other devices for measuring combustion parameters, while the adjusting device, for example, on the engine a powered conveyor for returning the combustion residues acts.
  • combustion parameters are calculated in order to supply a calculated value to the controller. For example, increased combustion on a region of the grate may result in increased recirculated flow while an increased level of carbon monoxide measurement in the flue gas reduces the amount and even stops recirculation above a particular threshold.
  • an increased flue gas temperature may accelerate the engine of recirculated combustion residues, and a decrease in temperature in the flue gas may result in a reduction in the amount of recirculated combustion residue recirculated.
  • the device for measuring the combustion acts on the regulator.
  • a simple embodiment of the combustor provides for linear control or control over a cam between the measured combustion parameter and the recirculated amount
  • a P-controller a PI controller, or a PID controller is provided.
  • an embodiment variant provides that in such a case the badly burned combustion residues are first stored in a buffer storage tank until they can be returned to the combustion plant.
  • the incinerator has a buffer storage for recirculating combustion residues.
  • the object underlying the invention is also achieved with a method for controlling an incineration plant, in which combustion residues are returned to the incinerator and parameters of the combustion are measured, wherein the volume flow of recirculated combustion residues is set as a function of at least one measured parameter of the combustion , according to claim 11.
  • combustion results can be achieved if several combustion parameters are measured and charged for the regulation of the volume flow.
  • a computer can hereby ensure that different combustion parameters act differently on the recirculated volume flow.
  • a simple procedure provides that the incineration plant is set for a fuel burning value and an increased firing intensity is counteracted by an increased recirculation flow rate.
  • the fuel burn value varies and it is therefore very advantageous if time or regional or local excessive combustion intensity can be counteracted with increased recycling of combustion residues.
  • One embodiment provides that at least one parameter correlating with the burnout is measured, and with reduced burnout the volume flow of the return is increased. This leads to the fact that, in the case of particularly bad combustion of the fuels, a great deal of combustion residues are attributed to the incinerator.
  • the firing system 1 shown in the figure has a hopper 2 with subsequentoptionschurre 3 for the task of the fuel 4 on a feed table 5.
  • Beschickkolben 6 are provided movable back and forth to the coming of the task chute 3 fuel 4 to a Give up combustion grate 7, on which the combustion of the fuel 4 takes place.
  • a device for supplying primary combustion gas, which may comprise a plurality of chambers 9 to 13, to which primary combustion gas in the form of ambient air is fed via lines 15 to 19 by means of a blower 14.
  • the arrangement of the chambers 9 to 13 of the grate is divided into several sub-wind zones, so that the primary combustion gas can be adjusted differently according to the needs on the Feuerungsrost 7. These underwinding zones are also divided in the transverse direction, depending on the width of the firing grate local conditions at different locations regulated primary combustion gas can be supplied.
  • the furnace 20 which merges in the upper part in a flue 21.
  • aggregates such as a Abziehkessel and an emission control system on.
  • the combustion of the fuel 4 takes place mainly on the front part of the Feuerungsrostes 7, above which the flue is 21. In this area, most of the primary combustion gas is supplied through the chambers 9 to 11. On the rear part of the Feuerungsrostes 7 is already burned out fuel, that is, slag, and in this area primary combustion gas is supplied via the chambers 12 and 13 substantially only for cooling the slag 22.
  • the exhaust gas in the rear region 23 of the combustion chamber 20 has an oxygen content which is higher than the front region.
  • the exhaust gas accumulating in the rear region 23 is therefore used as internal recirculation gas for the secondary combustion.
  • the burned-out parts of the fuel 4 fall as slag 22 into a slag discharge 24 at the end of the combustion grate 7.
  • the slag 22 From the slag discharge 24, the slag 22, together with the remaining combustion residues, falls into a wet slagger 25, from which it is fed to a separation device 26.
  • the non-sintered or Unmelted residual slag is then added via a line 27 and a conveyor 28 in the task area above the feed table 5 the fuel 4 and thus passes back to the Feuerungsrost. 7
  • the separation device denoted by 26 only schematically shows the separation of the grate ash into scrap iron, completely sintered inert material granules and non-sintered or molten combustion residues.
  • a waste incineration plant for example, from one ton of garbage with an ash content of 220 kg at the end of the grate 7 320 kg pile ash incurred.
  • These 320 kg of ashes are separated by the separation process indicated by the reference numeral 26 into 30 kg of scrap iron, 190 kg of completely sintered inert granules and 100 kg of non-molten or sintered combustion residues.
  • Part of the boiler ash and filter dust may also be added to the non-sintered or molten combustion residues. This fraction is then re-added via line 27 and conveyor 28 to combustion.
  • 110 kg of the 320 kg of grate ash are returned to the grate firing.
  • This unit 29 calculates measured values of measuring devices and generates control signals to not only blowers control, which act directly on the firing, but also to control the conveyor 28, which varies the recirculated flow rate.
  • a buffer tank 30 is disposed in front of the conveyor 28.
  • the separation process can also be controlled such that, depending on the combustion state, more or less unsintered or molten combustion residues are returned to the grate firing. For example, in a poor combustion, the separation process can be performed so that a higher proportion of non-sintered or molten combustion residues to the fully sintered Inertstoffgranulat, while with particularly good combustion conditions, the qualitative requirements for a fully sintered Inertstoffgranulat be increased, so that a larger amount does not arise sintered or molten combustion residues.
  • thermographic camera 31 watches through the flue gases through the surface of the fuel bed 32 and the values recorded thereby are forwarded to the central computer without control unit 29.
  • Designated at 33 and 34 are sensors, several of which are disposed above the surface of the fuel bed layer 32 and which are for measurement of O 2 , CO and CO 2 content in the exhaust gas above the fuel bed 32 - ie in the primary combustion zone - are used.
  • the control and computer unit receives measured values from the thermographic camera 31, from sensors 33 and 34, and from the conveyor 28 via the current delivery rate to recirculated combustion residues. These data are charged in order to control the conveyor 28 via a line 35, to control the primary air via a line 36 and to control the secondary air via a line 37.
  • Pure oxygen is conveyed from an air separation plant 38 via a conveying and distributing device 39 on the one hand into a line 40 for admixture with the primary combustion gas and on the other hand into a line 41 for admixing with the secondary combustion gas.
  • a conveying and distributing device 39 On the one hand into a line 40 for admixture with the primary combustion gas and on the other hand into a line 41 for admixing with the secondary combustion gas.
  • branch lines 42 to 46 are supplied, which are monitored by valves 47 to 51, which in turn are also influenced by the control and computer unit 29.
  • the supply lines 42 to 46 open into branch lines 15 to 19, which branch off from the line 52 for ambient air and lead to the individual sub-chambers 9 to 13.
  • the second conduit 41 which emanates from the delivery and distribution device 39, via control valves 53, 54 and lines 56, 57 to the secondary combustion nozzles 58, 59, via which internal recirculation gas is introduced into the combustion chamber.
  • control valves 53, 54 and lines 56, 57 to the secondary combustion nozzles 58, 59, via which internal recirculation gas is introduced into the combustion chamber.
  • branch lines 60, 61 which are monitored via control valves 62, 63, oxygen can be supplied to the secondary combustion gas nozzles 64 and 65, to which secondary combustion gas is supplied via a line 66 from the blower 67.
  • This may comprise either pure ambient air or ambient air mixture with purified exhaust gas.
  • the recirculation gas is guided to the secondary combustion nozzles 58 and 59, which are arranged at opposite locations of the exhaust train 21.
  • the Sekundärverbrennungsgasdüsen 64 and 65 are distributed in a larger number on the circumference of the exhaust train 21.
  • secondary combustion gas can be fed in the form of ambient air, which is conveyed by means of the blower 67.
  • a suction line 70 is provided, wherein a control element 71 allows the amount of ambient air to be adjusted.
  • Another line 72 connected to the fan 67, which is monitored by a control member 73, serves to draw in purified exhaust gas recirculation gas which is admixed with the ambient air.
  • This purified exhaust gas recirculation gas is sucked through the exhaust gas purification system after flowing through the exhaust gas and has a lower oxygen content compared to the internal recirculation gas.
  • This exhaust gas recirculation gas is primarily for turbulence generation when the amount of exhaust gas in the exhaust train 21 is too low to generate enough turbulence to improve combustion in the secondary region.
  • the control and computer unit 29 thus controls the entire system and it contains different controllers to act on the individual control devices. For example, while an exceeding of a carbon monoxide limit in the exhaust gas in the control and computer unit 29 leads to a signal to the conveyor 28, with the conveyor 28 is stopped, lead particularly high temperatures, which are detected by the thermographic camera 31, to an increase in performance the conveyor to increase the amount of slag 22 returned to the grate.
  • the recycled slag is returned to the feed table 6.
  • a variant not shown provides that with a plurality of juxtaposed grates also a special grate for the return can be selected and optionally also during operation of the method between different grates can be selected individually by the return of slag on the combustion controls on different Rusting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
EP09006176.3A 2008-05-29 2009-05-06 Verbrennungsanlage und Verfahren zum Regeln einer Verbrennungsanlage Active EP2128523B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL09006176T PL2128523T3 (pl) 2008-05-29 2009-05-06 Spalarnia i sposób regulacji spalarni

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2008121732/03A RU2415339C2 (ru) 2008-05-29 2008-05-29 Установка для сжигания и способ регулирования установки для сжигания

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2128523A2 EP2128523A2 (de) 2009-12-02
EP2128523A3 EP2128523A3 (de) 2014-09-24
EP2128523B1 true EP2128523B1 (de) 2015-10-28

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Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US8939094B2 (pt)
EP (1) EP2128523B1 (pt)
JP (1) JP5776133B2 (pt)
CA (1) CA2666782C (pt)
DK (1) DK2128523T3 (pt)
ES (1) ES2558429T3 (pt)
PL (1) PL2128523T3 (pt)
PT (1) PT2128523E (pt)
RU (1) RU2415339C2 (pt)

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ES2558429T3 (es) 2016-02-04
CA2666782A1 (en) 2009-11-29
JP2009287917A (ja) 2009-12-10
EP2128523A3 (de) 2014-09-24
JP5776133B2 (ja) 2015-09-09
RU2415339C2 (ru) 2011-03-27
CA2666782C (en) 2015-04-14
PT2128523E (pt) 2016-02-26
DK2128523T3 (en) 2016-02-08
EP2128523A2 (de) 2009-12-02
PL2128523T3 (pl) 2016-04-29
US8939094B2 (en) 2015-01-27
RU2008121732A (ru) 2009-12-10

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