Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
  • B60L7/003—Dynamic electric braking by short circuiting the motor
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
  • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
  • H02K7/102—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction brakes
  • H02K7/1021—Magnetically influenced friction brakes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10N35/00—Magnetostrictive devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
  • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
  • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
  • F16D2121/24—Electric or magnetic using motors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
  • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
  • F16D2121/28—Electric or magnetic using electrostrictive or magnetostrictive elements, e.g. piezoelectric elements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
  • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
  • F16D2125/20—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
  • F16D2125/34—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting in the direction of the axis of rotation
  • F16D2125/40—Screw-and-nut
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
  • H02K7/06—Means for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

• the invention relates to the braking engineering sector in general and more particularly relates to an electrically controlled braking device.
• this type of braking implements at least one actuator, most often in the form of an electric motor, which must allow, on the one hand, a fast movement, to bring, for example, two pads in contact with a brake disk or drum and, secondly, to exert a significant force to clamp the pads against the surface of the drum disk, to produce a braking torque.
• the use of a single actuator, to perform these two functions of displacement and clamping, is not satisfactory. This is why known solutions often use an electric motor and a ball screw to provide the fast moving function and a magnetostrictive actuator to provide the clamping force function.
• the electric motor can be sized for a low power required and limited to rapid movement of the pads before the latter are in contact with the disk or drum.
• the pads thus oppose very little resistance.
• An electric motor, of conventional characteristics, rotating at high rotational speeds, while being compact, can therefore be used.
• the function of the ball screw is to ensure the irreversibility of the device, considering that a force coming from the electric motor makes it possible to move the pads, while a force coming from these pads does not give any movement on any side. whether it be.
• the magnetostrictive actuator is located on the pad side and is actuated when the motor has finished plating the pads against the disc or drum. Once the pads are pressed against the disc or drum, the resistance encountered by the electric motor exceeds that admitted by the motor. The electric motor is turned off and the magnetostrictive actuator is energized to perform the clamping function of the pads.
• magnetostriction in the braking field, since it allows, by definition, to exert a large force, with a limited displacement.
• the magnetostrictive effect is obtained from certain magnetic materials such as nickel and cobalt, as well as their alloy with iron.
• Terfenol-D which is an alloy of iron, dysprosium and terbium, may advantageously be mentioned.
• the magnetostrictive actuator consists of a simple terfenol-D rod longitudinally magnetized by an electromagnet.
• the object of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages in a simple, safe, effective and rational manner.
• the problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an electrically controlled braking device, which performs the functions indicated above, being compact, of a reduced manufacturing cost and having a high energy efficiency, low consumption and a wide bandwidth.
• the magnetostrictive actuator is constituted by at least one winding of a magnetic material on a support.
• the electrically controlled braking device is of the type comprising an electric motor capable of acting on a means to allow rapid displacement of the pads in contact with a disk or a drum and a magnetostrictive actuator capable of creating a force of clamping on the pads against the disc or drum.
• the material may be an alloy of iron and cobalt, thus constituting a medium-size winding of reduced cost, or be in Terfenol-D, to obtain a congestion winding reduced.
• the magnetization of the winding material can be effected by an electromagnet or a permanent magnet.
• the winding is of thin rectangular section in the longitudinal direction and thick in the radial direction.
• Various embodiments may be envisaged for producing the magnetostrictive actuator.
• the magnetostrictive actuator is a rotary or linear magnetic circuit, with variable geometry and actuated by any type of actuator, in particular by an electric motor.
• the magnetostrictive actuator is a permanent magnetic permanent magnet circuit surrounded by an electromagnet traversed by very intense and brief magnetizing current pulses.
• FIG. 1 shows the principle of the magnetostrictive actuator according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the electric braking device, in the case of a magnetostrictive actuator with magnetic circuit and rotating variable geometry actuated by an electric motor;
• FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 in the case of a magnetostrictive actuator with a linear variable geometry magnetic circuit actuated by an electric motor;
• FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2 in which the magnetic circuit is of variable geometry is replaced by a fixed magnet circuit with a permanent magnet surrounded by an electromagnet traversed by very intense and very short magnetising current pulses;
• FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4, the magnetostrictive material being magnetized by the electromagnet fed continuously by a direct current;
• the electrically controlled braking device comprises an electric motor (1) mounted in combination with, for example, a ball screw (2) to allow rapid movement of brake pads (3) for cooperating with a disc (4) or the like.
• the device comprises a magnetostrictive actuator (5) adapted to create a clamping force on the plates (3) against the disk (4) or drum.
• (la) represents the motor stator or other displacement actuator
• the reference (Ib) shows the rotor of the actuator (1), which rotor is mounted in combination with the ball screw ( 2).
• the magnetostrictive actuator is constituted by a coil (5) mounted on a core
• the guide (5a) acting as a guide.
• the guide (5a) is also mounted in combination with, for example, a ball screw (6) or the like.
• the winding (5) has, between each turn, an air gap so as to limit magnetic leakage by short circuit.
• a winding of thin rectangular section in the longitudinal direction and thick in the radial direction is particularly well suited.
• the winding (5) can be made of a mixture of iron and cobalt. As an indication, such a winding can be contained in a length of about 5 cm.
• the winding (5) can also be made Terfenol-D to obtain a stroke of the order of 2 mm.
• the winding (5) is made of an alloy that deforms under the effect of a magnetic field.
• the magnetostrictive winding (5) can be magnetized either by an electromagnet or by a permanent magnet.
• the electromagnet produces a magnetic field which is easy to control, and therefore, the force exerted by the magnetostrictive winding.
• the electromagnet is energy consuming.
• the permanent magnet has a zero energy consumption and a high compactness resulting from the absence of power supply and the material itself.
• the control of the magnetic field is more delicate and can be carried out via a magnetic circuit with variable geometry, as indicated in the following description.
• the magnetic circuit (CM) is rotatable variable geometry and actuated by an electric motor (7).
• the permanent magnet is designated by (8).
• this electric motor (7) which actuates a movable shunt (9), can be replaced by any other type of actuator such as an electromagnetic plunger, an electroactive polymer, a thermal expansion actuator, a physioelectric actuator, ...
• the magnetic circuit (CM) has a linear variable geometry actuated either by an electric motor (7) or, as indicated previously, by any other type of actuator.
• variable geometry magnetic circuit is replaced by a fixed magnetic circuit and a permanent magnet (10) surrounded by an electromagnet (11) traversed by short and intense current pulses.
• the magnetization electromagnet (11) is subject to a control electronics (12). Note that the pulses magnetize the magnet by imposing the desired magnetic field value.
• the electromagnet (11) could be wound directly on the magnetic circuit.
• the magnetostrictive winding (5) rests on a guide.
• the winding uses either a material expanding under the effect of a field, in the case of a brake actuated by the establishment of the field, or a material contracting under the effect of the field (brake actuated by the interruption of the field). Cables or links can transmit the forces between the magnetostrictive winding (5) and the magnetic circuit (CM).
• a pretensioner spring (13) operates in compression, i.e. by pushing the pads (14) onto the drum (15). This spring is subject to the magnetostrictive winding.
• the magnetic circuit (CM) can be made according to the various embodiments described and illustrated in the case of a disc brake.
• the device according to the invention can be applied in all cases requiring braking or clamping part after compensation of a relatively large clearance.
• the displacement actuator allows the gripping of parts of different sizes and allows a margin of maneuver to let the gripper emerge from the part once it is released.
• the magnetostrictive actuator provides powerful clamping to hold heavy and / or slippery parts (smooth surface, coated with grease).
• the magnetostrictive winding allows a greater compactness especially in length.
• a magnetostrictive winding makes it possible to use a larger length of material and consequently to obtain a greater stroke of the actuator in clamping.
• costs resulting from the possibility of using cobalt iron alloys are resulting from the possibility of using cobalt iron alloys.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Braking Arrangements (AREA)
• Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=38476164

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Families Citing this family (18)

Family Cites Families (14)

• 2007
  • 2007-02-14 FR FR0753246A patent/FR2912481B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2008
  • 2008-02-07 JP JP2009549449A patent/JP2010517867A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-02-07 US US12/524,374 patent/US20100101901A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-02-07 WO PCT/FR2008/050188 patent/WO2008104682A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2008-02-07 EP EP08762046A patent/EP2118514A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-02-07 CN CN2008800041841A patent/CN101606004B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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