EP2118514A2 - Electric control braking device - Google Patents

Electric control braking device

Info

Publication number
EP2118514A2
EP2118514A2 EP08762046A EP08762046A EP2118514A2 EP 2118514 A2 EP2118514 A2 EP 2118514A2 EP 08762046 A EP08762046 A EP 08762046A EP 08762046 A EP08762046 A EP 08762046A EP 2118514 A2 EP2118514 A2 EP 2118514A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetostrictive actuator
magnetostrictive
electric motor
winding
magnetic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08762046A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sébastien GAY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renault SAS
Original Assignee
Renault SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renault SAS filed Critical Renault SAS
Publication of EP2118514A2 publication Critical patent/EP2118514A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/003—Dynamic electric braking by short circuiting the motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/102—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction brakes
    • H02K7/1021—Magnetically influenced friction brakes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N35/00—Magnetostrictive devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/24—Electric or magnetic using motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/28—Electric or magnetic using electrostrictive or magnetostrictive elements, e.g. piezoelectric elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/20—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
    • F16D2125/34—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting in the direction of the axis of rotation
    • F16D2125/40—Screw-and-nut
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/06—Means for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the braking engineering sector in general and more particularly relates to an electrically controlled braking device.
  • this type of braking implements at least one actuator, most often in the form of an electric motor, which must allow, on the one hand, a fast movement, to bring, for example, two pads in contact with a brake disk or drum and, secondly, to exert a significant force to clamp the pads against the surface of the drum disk, to produce a braking torque.
  • the use of a single actuator, to perform these two functions of displacement and clamping, is not satisfactory. This is why known solutions often use an electric motor and a ball screw to provide the fast moving function and a magnetostrictive actuator to provide the clamping force function.
  • the electric motor can be sized for a low power required and limited to rapid movement of the pads before the latter are in contact with the disk or drum.
  • the pads thus oppose very little resistance.
  • An electric motor, of conventional characteristics, rotating at high rotational speeds, while being compact, can therefore be used.
  • the function of the ball screw is to ensure the irreversibility of the device, considering that a force coming from the electric motor makes it possible to move the pads, while a force coming from these pads does not give any movement on any side. whether it be.
  • the magnetostrictive actuator is located on the pad side and is actuated when the motor has finished plating the pads against the disc or drum. Once the pads are pressed against the disc or drum, the resistance encountered by the electric motor exceeds that admitted by the motor. The electric motor is turned off and the magnetostrictive actuator is energized to perform the clamping function of the pads.
  • magnetostriction in the braking field, since it allows, by definition, to exert a large force, with a limited displacement.
  • the magnetostrictive effect is obtained from certain magnetic materials such as nickel and cobalt, as well as their alloy with iron.
  • Terfenol-D which is an alloy of iron, dysprosium and terbium, may advantageously be mentioned.
  • the magnetostrictive actuator consists of a simple terfenol-D rod longitudinally magnetized by an electromagnet.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages in a simple, safe, effective and rational manner.
  • the problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an electrically controlled braking device, which performs the functions indicated above, being compact, of a reduced manufacturing cost and having a high energy efficiency, low consumption and a wide bandwidth.
  • the magnetostrictive actuator is constituted by at least one winding of a magnetic material on a support.
  • the electrically controlled braking device is of the type comprising an electric motor capable of acting on a means to allow rapid displacement of the pads in contact with a disk or a drum and a magnetostrictive actuator capable of creating a force of clamping on the pads against the disc or drum.
  • the material may be an alloy of iron and cobalt, thus constituting a medium-size winding of reduced cost, or be in Terfenol-D, to obtain a congestion winding reduced.
  • the magnetization of the winding material can be effected by an electromagnet or a permanent magnet.
  • the winding is of thin rectangular section in the longitudinal direction and thick in the radial direction.
  • Various embodiments may be envisaged for producing the magnetostrictive actuator.
  • the magnetostrictive actuator is a rotary or linear magnetic circuit, with variable geometry and actuated by any type of actuator, in particular by an electric motor.
  • the magnetostrictive actuator is a permanent magnetic permanent magnet circuit surrounded by an electromagnet traversed by very intense and brief magnetizing current pulses.
  • FIG. 1 shows the principle of the magnetostrictive actuator according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the electric braking device, in the case of a magnetostrictive actuator with magnetic circuit and rotating variable geometry actuated by an electric motor;
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 in the case of a magnetostrictive actuator with a linear variable geometry magnetic circuit actuated by an electric motor;
  • FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2 in which the magnetic circuit is of variable geometry is replaced by a fixed magnet circuit with a permanent magnet surrounded by an electromagnet traversed by very intense and very short magnetising current pulses;
  • FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4, the magnetostrictive material being magnetized by the electromagnet fed continuously by a direct current;
  • the electrically controlled braking device comprises an electric motor (1) mounted in combination with, for example, a ball screw (2) to allow rapid movement of brake pads (3) for cooperating with a disc (4) or the like.
  • the device comprises a magnetostrictive actuator (5) adapted to create a clamping force on the plates (3) against the disk (4) or drum.
  • (la) represents the motor stator or other displacement actuator
  • the reference (Ib) shows the rotor of the actuator (1), which rotor is mounted in combination with the ball screw ( 2).
  • the magnetostrictive actuator is constituted by a coil (5) mounted on a core
  • the guide (5a) acting as a guide.
  • the guide (5a) is also mounted in combination with, for example, a ball screw (6) or the like.
  • the winding (5) has, between each turn, an air gap so as to limit magnetic leakage by short circuit.
  • a winding of thin rectangular section in the longitudinal direction and thick in the radial direction is particularly well suited.
  • the winding (5) can be made of a mixture of iron and cobalt. As an indication, such a winding can be contained in a length of about 5 cm.
  • the winding (5) can also be made Terfenol-D to obtain a stroke of the order of 2 mm.
  • the winding (5) is made of an alloy that deforms under the effect of a magnetic field.
  • the magnetostrictive winding (5) can be magnetized either by an electromagnet or by a permanent magnet.
  • the electromagnet produces a magnetic field which is easy to control, and therefore, the force exerted by the magnetostrictive winding.
  • the electromagnet is energy consuming.
  • the permanent magnet has a zero energy consumption and a high compactness resulting from the absence of power supply and the material itself.
  • the control of the magnetic field is more delicate and can be carried out via a magnetic circuit with variable geometry, as indicated in the following description.
  • the magnetic circuit (CM) is rotatable variable geometry and actuated by an electric motor (7).
  • the permanent magnet is designated by (8).
  • this electric motor (7) which actuates a movable shunt (9), can be replaced by any other type of actuator such as an electromagnetic plunger, an electroactive polymer, a thermal expansion actuator, a physioelectric actuator, ...
  • the magnetic circuit (CM) has a linear variable geometry actuated either by an electric motor (7) or, as indicated previously, by any other type of actuator.
  • variable geometry magnetic circuit is replaced by a fixed magnetic circuit and a permanent magnet (10) surrounded by an electromagnet (11) traversed by short and intense current pulses.
  • the magnetization electromagnet (11) is subject to a control electronics (12). Note that the pulses magnetize the magnet by imposing the desired magnetic field value.
  • the electromagnet (11) could be wound directly on the magnetic circuit.
  • the magnetostrictive winding (5) rests on a guide.
  • the winding uses either a material expanding under the effect of a field, in the case of a brake actuated by the establishment of the field, or a material contracting under the effect of the field (brake actuated by the interruption of the field). Cables or links can transmit the forces between the magnetostrictive winding (5) and the magnetic circuit (CM).
  • a pretensioner spring (13) operates in compression, i.e. by pushing the pads (14) onto the drum (15). This spring is subject to the magnetostrictive winding.
  • the magnetic circuit (CM) can be made according to the various embodiments described and illustrated in the case of a disc brake.
  • the device according to the invention can be applied in all cases requiring braking or clamping part after compensation of a relatively large clearance.
  • the displacement actuator allows the gripping of parts of different sizes and allows a margin of maneuver to let the gripper emerge from the part once it is released.
  • the magnetostrictive actuator provides powerful clamping to hold heavy and / or slippery parts (smooth surface, coated with grease).
  • the magnetostrictive winding allows a greater compactness especially in length.
  • a magnetostrictive winding makes it possible to use a larger length of material and consequently to obtain a greater stroke of the actuator in clamping.
  • costs resulting from the possibility of using cobalt iron alloys are resulting from the possibility of using cobalt iron alloys.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a braking device that comprises an electric motor (1) capable of acting with the means (2) for the quick movement of the pads (3) into contact with a disk (4) or a drum, and a magnetostrictive actuator capable of generating a clamping force on the pads and against the disk or the drum. The magnetostrictive actuator comprises at least one winding (5) of a magnetic material on a holder (5a).

Description

DISPOSITIF DE FREINAGE A COMMANDE ELECTRIQUE BRAKE DEVICE WITH ELECTRICAL CONTROL
L'invention se rattache au secteur technique du freinage en général et concerne plus particulièrement un dispositif de freinage à commande électrique.The invention relates to the braking engineering sector in general and more particularly relates to an electrically controlled braking device.
Généralement, d'une manière connue, ce type de freinage met en œuvre au moins un actionneur, le plus souvent sous forme d'un moteur électrique, qui doit permettre, d'une part, un déplacement rapide, pour amener, par exemple, deux plaquettes en contact avec un disque ou tambour de frein et, d'autre part, d'exercer une force importante pour serrer les plaquettes contre la surface du disque du tambour, en vue de produire un couple de freinage. L'utilisation d'un seul actionneur, pour réaliser ces deux fonctions de déplacement et de serrage, n'est pas satisfaisante. C'est pourquoi les solutions connues utilisent souvent un moteur électrique et une vis à bille pour assurer la fonction de déplacement rapide et un actionneur magnétostrictif pour assurer la fonction de force de serrage.Generally, in a known manner, this type of braking implements at least one actuator, most often in the form of an electric motor, which must allow, on the one hand, a fast movement, to bring, for example, two pads in contact with a brake disk or drum and, secondly, to exert a significant force to clamp the pads against the surface of the drum disk, to produce a braking torque. The use of a single actuator, to perform these two functions of displacement and clamping, is not satisfactory. This is why known solutions often use an electric motor and a ball screw to provide the fast moving function and a magnetostrictive actuator to provide the clamping force function.
Avec cette solution, le moteur électrique peut être dimensionné pour une faible puissance nécessaire et limitée au déplacement rapide des plaquettes avant que ces dernières ne soient en contact avec le disque ou tambour. Les plaquettes opposent donc très peu de résistance. Un moteur électrique, de caractéristiques conventionnelles, tournant à des vitesses de rotation élevées, tout en étant compact, peut donc être utilisé.With this solution, the electric motor can be sized for a low power required and limited to rapid movement of the pads before the latter are in contact with the disk or drum. The pads thus oppose very little resistance. An electric motor, of conventional characteristics, rotating at high rotational speeds, while being compact, can therefore be used.
La vis à bille a pour fonction d'assurer l'irréversibilité du dispositif, en considérant qu'un effort venant du moteur électrique, permet de déplacer les plaquettes, tandis qu'un effort en provenance de ces plaquettes ne donne aucun déplacement de quelque côté que ce soit. L 'actionneur magnétostrictif est situé du côté des plaquettes et est actionné quand le moteur a fini de faire plaquer les plaquettes contre le disque ou le tambour. Une fois que les plaquettes sont plaquées contre le disque ou le tambour, la résistance rencontrée par le moteur électrique dépasse celle admise par le moteur. Le moteur électrique est coupé et l'actionneur magnétostrictif est alimenté pour assurer la fonction de serrage des plaquettes.The function of the ball screw is to ensure the irreversibility of the device, considering that a force coming from the electric motor makes it possible to move the pads, while a force coming from these pads does not give any movement on any side. whether it be. The magnetostrictive actuator is located on the pad side and is actuated when the motor has finished plating the pads against the disc or drum. Once the pads are pressed against the disc or drum, the resistance encountered by the electric motor exceeds that admitted by the motor. The electric motor is turned off and the magnetostrictive actuator is energized to perform the clamping function of the pads.
On rappelle, d'une manière parfaitement connue pour un homme du métier, qu'il est avantageux d'utiliser la magnétostriction dans le domaine du freinage, étant donné qu'elle permet, par définition, d'exercer une force importante, avec un déplacement limité. L'effet magnétostrictif est obtenu à partir de certains matériaux magnétiques tels que le nickel et le cobalt, ainsi que leur alliage avec le fer. Toutefois, de meilleurs résultats sont obtenus avec des terres rares et leur alliage avec le fer. On peut avantageusement citer le Terfénol-D qui est un alliage de fer, de dysprosium et de terbium.It will be recalled, in a manner perfectly known to a person skilled in the art, that it is advantageous to use magnetostriction in the braking field, since it allows, by definition, to exert a large force, with a limited displacement. The magnetostrictive effect is obtained from certain magnetic materials such as nickel and cobalt, as well as their alloy with iron. However, better results are obtained with rare earths and their alloy with iron. Terfenol-D, which is an alloy of iron, dysprosium and terbium, may advantageously be mentioned.
Dans les solutions connues et dans le domaine technique du freinage, l'actionneur magnétostrictif est constitué par un simple barreau de Terfénol- D magnétisé longitudinalement par un électroaimant.In the known solutions and in the technical field of braking, the magnetostrictive actuator consists of a simple terfenol-D rod longitudinally magnetized by an electromagnet.
Une solution de ce type ressort de l'enseignement du brevet EP 0988467. Avec cette solution, il est nécessaire de magnétiser une longueur significative du barreau pour obtenir une élongation compatible avec la déformation des plaquettes sous l'effort de serrage. Cela nécessite d'utiliser des effets magnétostrictifs importants, ce qui exclut par exemple le fer et le cobalt. Par contre, l'utilisation de Terfénol-D, qui présente de bonnes caractéristiques, pose des problèmes d'intégration et de coût.A solution of this type emerges from the teaching of patent EP 0988467. With this solution, it is necessary to magnetize a significant length of the bar to obtain an elongation compatible with the deformation of the plates under the clamping force. This requires the use of significant magnetostrictive effects, which excludes for example iron and cobalt. On the other hand, the use of Terfenol-D, which has good characteristics, poses problems of integration and cost.
L'invention s'est fixée pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients d'une manière simple, sûre, efficace et rationnelle. Le problème que se propose de résoudre l'invention est de réaliser un dispositif de freinage à commande électrique, qui réalise les fonctions indiquées précédemment, en étant compact, d'un coût de fabrication réduit et ayant un haut rendement énergétique, une faible consommation et une bande passante large.The object of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages in a simple, safe, effective and rational manner. The problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an electrically controlled braking device, which performs the functions indicated above, being compact, of a reduced manufacturing cost and having a high energy efficiency, low consumption and a wide bandwidth.
Pour résoudre un tel problème, selon l'invention, l'actionneur magnétostrictif est constitué par au moins un enroulement d'un matériau magnétique sur un support.To solve such a problem, according to the invention, the magnetostrictive actuator is constituted by at least one winding of a magnetic material on a support.
On rappelle que le dispositif de freinage à commande électrique est du type de ceux comprenant un moteur électrique apte à agir sur un moyen pour permettre un déplacement rapide des plaquettes en contact avec un disque ou un tambour et un actionneur magnétostrictif apte à créer une force de serrage sur les plaquettes contre le disque ou le tambour.It will be recalled that the electrically controlled braking device is of the type comprising an electric motor capable of acting on a means to allow rapid displacement of the pads in contact with a disk or a drum and a magnetostrictive actuator capable of creating a force of clamping on the pads against the disc or drum.
Selon cette caractéristique à la base de l'invention, le matériau peut être un alliage de fer et de cobalt, constituant ainsi un enroulement d'encombrement moyen à coût réduit, ou bien être en Terfénol-D, pour obtenir un enroulement d'encombrement réduit.According to this characteristic at the basis of the invention, the material may be an alloy of iron and cobalt, thus constituting a medium-size winding of reduced cost, or be in Terfenol-D, to obtain a congestion winding reduced.
Selon une autre caractéristique, la magnétisation du matériau d'enroulement peut être effectuée par un électroaimant ou par un aimant permanent.According to another characteristic, the magnetization of the winding material can be effected by an electromagnet or a permanent magnet.
Pour résoudre le problème posé de réduire les fuites magnétiques par court-circuit, l'enroulement est de section rectangulaire mince dans la direction longitudinale et épais dans la direction radiale. Différentes formes de réalisation peuvent être envisagées pour la réalisation de l'actionneur magnétostrictif.To solve the problem of reducing magnetic leakage by short circuit, the winding is of thin rectangular section in the longitudinal direction and thick in the radial direction. Various embodiments may be envisaged for producing the magnetostrictive actuator.
Par exemple, l'actionneur magnétostrictif est à circuit magnétique rotatif ou linéaire, à géométrie variable et actionné par tout type d'actionneur, notamment par un moteur électrique.For example, the magnetostrictive actuator is a rotary or linear magnetic circuit, with variable geometry and actuated by any type of actuator, in particular by an electric motor.
Ou bien dans une autre forme de réalisation, l'actionneur magnétostrictif est un circuit magnétique fixe et à aimant permanent entouré d'un électroaimant traversé par de très intenses et brèves impulsions de courant magnétisant.Alternatively, in another embodiment, the magnetostrictive actuator is a permanent magnetic permanent magnet circuit surrounded by an electromagnet traversed by very intense and brief magnetizing current pulses.
L'invention est exposée ci-après plus en détail à l'aide des figures des dessins annexés dans lesquels : - la figure 1 montre le principe de l'actionneur magnétostrictif selon l'invention ;The invention is described below in more detail with reference to the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 shows the principle of the magnetostrictive actuator according to the invention;
- la figure 2 est une vue à caractère schématique montrant un exemple de réalisation du dispositif de freinage électrique, dans le cas d'un actionneur magnétostrictif à circuit magnétique et à géométrie variable rotatif actionné par un moteur électrique ;- Figure 2 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the electric braking device, in the case of a magnetostrictive actuator with magnetic circuit and rotating variable geometry actuated by an electric motor;
- la figure 3 est une vue semblable à la figure 2 dans le cas d'un actionneur magnétostrictif à circuit magnétique à géométrie variable linéaire actionné par un moteur électrique ;FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 in the case of a magnetostrictive actuator with a linear variable geometry magnetic circuit actuated by an electric motor;
- la figure 4 est une vue correspondant à la figure 2 dans laquelle le circuit magnétique est à géométrie variable est remplacé par un circuit magnétique fixe et à aimant permanent entouré d'un électroaimant traversé par de très intenses et très brèves impulsions de courant magnétisant ; - la figure 5 est une vue semblable à la figure 4, le matériau magnétostrictif étant magnétisé par l' électroaimant alimenté en permanence par un courant continu ;FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2 in which the magnetic circuit is of variable geometry is replaced by a fixed magnet circuit with a permanent magnet surrounded by an electromagnet traversed by very intense and very short magnetising current pulses; FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4, the magnetostrictive material being magnetized by the electromagnet fed continuously by a direct current;
- la figure 6 montre l'application du dispositif à des freins à tambour.- Figure 6 shows the application of the device to drum brakes.
D'une manière connue, comme le montrent schématiquement les figures des dessins, le dispositif de freinage à commande électrique comprend un moteur électrique (1) monté en combinaison avec, par exemple, une vis à bille (2) pour permettre le déplacement rapide de plaquettes de freinage (3) destinées à coopérer avec un disque (4) ou autre. En combinaison avec le moteur (1), le dispositif comprend un actionneur magnétostrictif (5) apte à créer une force de serrage sur les plaquettes (3) contre le disque (4) ou tambour. Sur les figures des dessins, (la) représente le stator du moteur ou autre actionneur de déplacement, tandis que le repère (Ib) montre le rotor de l'actionneur (1), lequel rotor est monté en combinaison avec la vis à bille (2).In a known manner, as schematically shown in the figures of the drawings, the electrically controlled braking device comprises an electric motor (1) mounted in combination with, for example, a ball screw (2) to allow rapid movement of brake pads (3) for cooperating with a disc (4) or the like. In combination with the motor (1), the device comprises a magnetostrictive actuator (5) adapted to create a clamping force on the plates (3) against the disk (4) or drum. In the figures of the drawings, (la) represents the motor stator or other displacement actuator, while the reference (Ib) shows the rotor of the actuator (1), which rotor is mounted in combination with the ball screw ( 2).
Selon une caractéristique à la base de l'invention, l'actionneur magnétostrictif est constitué par un enroulement (5) monté sur un noyauAccording to a characteristic underlying the invention, the magnetostrictive actuator is constituted by a coil (5) mounted on a core
(5a) faisant office de guide. Le guide (5a) est également monté en combinaison avec, par exemple, une vis à bille (6) ou autre. Comme le montrent les figures des dessins, l'enroulement (5) présente, entre chaque spire, un entrefer de manière à limiter les fuites magnétiques par court- circuit. Ainsi, un enroulement à section rectangulaire mince dans la direction longitudinale et épais dans la direction radiale, est particulièrement bien adapté.(5a) acting as a guide. The guide (5a) is also mounted in combination with, for example, a ball screw (6) or the like. As shown in the figures of the drawings, the winding (5) has, between each turn, an air gap so as to limit magnetic leakage by short circuit. Thus, a winding of thin rectangular section in the longitudinal direction and thick in the radial direction, is particularly well suited.
Comme indiqué, l'enroulement (5) peut être réalisé en un mélange de fer et de cobalt. A titre indicatif, un tel enroulement peut être contenu dans une longueur d'environ 5 cm. L'enroulement (5) peut également être réalisé en Terfénol-D permettant d'obtenir une course de l'ordre de 2 mm.As indicated, the winding (5) can be made of a mixture of iron and cobalt. As an indication, such a winding can be contained in a length of about 5 cm. The winding (5) can also be made Terfenol-D to obtain a stroke of the order of 2 mm.
Plus généralement, l'enroulement (5) est réalisé dans un alliage se déformant sous l'effet d'un champ magnétique.More generally, the winding (5) is made of an alloy that deforms under the effect of a magnetic field.
L'enroulement magnétostrictif (5) peut être magnétisé soit par un électroaimant, soit par un aimant permanent. A cet égard, on observe que P électroaimant produit un champ magnétique qu'il est facile de contrôler, ainsi, par conséquent, que la force qu'exerce l'enroulement magnétostrictif. Par contre, l' électroaimant est consommateur d'énergie.The magnetostrictive winding (5) can be magnetized either by an electromagnet or by a permanent magnet. In this regard, it is observed that the electromagnet produces a magnetic field which is easy to control, and therefore, the force exerted by the magnetostrictive winding. On the other hand, the electromagnet is energy consuming.
L'aimant permanent présente une consommation d'énergie nulle, ainsi qu'une grande compacité résultant de l'absence d'alimentation d'énergie électrique et du matériau lui-même. Le contrôle du champ magnétique est plus délicat et peut être effectué par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit magnétique à géométrie variable, comme indiqué dans la suite de la description.The permanent magnet has a zero energy consumption and a high compactness resulting from the absence of power supply and the material itself. The control of the magnetic field is more delicate and can be carried out via a magnetic circuit with variable geometry, as indicated in the following description.
Dans le cas d'un actionneur magnétostrictif, dont le matériau magnétique est magnétisé par un aimant permanent, il est apparu avantageux d'utiliser un circuit magnétique à géométrie variable.In the case of a magnetostrictive actuator, whose magnetic material is magnetized by a permanent magnet, it has appeared advantageous to use a magnetic circuit with variable geometry.
Différentes solutions peuvent être envisagées.Different solutions can be envisaged.
A la figure 2, le circuit magnétique (CM) est à géométrie variable rotatif et actionné par un moteur électrique (7). L'aimant permanent est désigné par (8). Bien évidemment, ce moteur électrique (7), qui actionne un shunt mobile (9), peut être remplacé par tout autre type d' actionneur tel qu'un plongeur électromagnétique, un polymère électroactif, un actionneur à dilatation thermique, un actionneur physioélectrique, ... A la figure 3, le circuit magnétique (CM) est à géométrie variable linéaire actionné soit par un moteur électrique (7), soit, comme indiqué précédemment, par tout autre type d'actionneur.In Figure 2, the magnetic circuit (CM) is rotatable variable geometry and actuated by an electric motor (7). The permanent magnet is designated by (8). Of course, this electric motor (7), which actuates a movable shunt (9), can be replaced by any other type of actuator such as an electromagnetic plunger, an electroactive polymer, a thermal expansion actuator, a physioelectric actuator, ... In FIG. 3, the magnetic circuit (CM) has a linear variable geometry actuated either by an electric motor (7) or, as indicated previously, by any other type of actuator.
Dans une forme de réalisation, le circuit magnétique (CM) à géométrie variable est remplacé par un circuit magnétique fixe et un aimant permanent (10) entouré d'un électroaimant (11) traversé par de brèves et intenses impulsions de courant. L 'électroaimant de magnétisation (11) est assujetti à une électronique de commande (12). A noter que les impulsions magnétisent l'aimant en lui imposant la valeur de champ magnétique désiré.In one embodiment, the variable geometry magnetic circuit (CM) is replaced by a fixed magnetic circuit and a permanent magnet (10) surrounded by an electromagnet (11) traversed by short and intense current pulses. The magnetization electromagnet (11) is subject to a control electronics (12). Note that the pulses magnetize the magnet by imposing the desired magnetic field value.
Dans cette forme de réalisation, il est préférable d'utiliser des aimants classiques tels que des ferrites ou des alnicos. A noter que, dans cette forme de réalisation, l' électroaimant (11) pourrait être enroulé directement sur le circuit magnétique .In this embodiment, it is preferable to use conventional magnets such as ferrites or alnicos. Note that in this embodiment, the electromagnet (11) could be wound directly on the magnetic circuit.
Dans le cas d'un frein à tambour, l'enroulement magnétostrictif (5) repose sur un guide. L'enroulement utilise soit un matériau se dilatant sous l'effet d'un champ, dans le cas d'un frein actionné par l'établissement du champ, soit un matériau se contractant sous l'effet du champ (frein actionné par l'interruption du champ). Des câbles ou biellettes permettent de transmettre les efforts entre l'enroulement magnétostrictif (5) et le circuit magnétique (CM). Un ressort prétenseur (13) fonctionne en compression, c'est-à-dire en poussant les plaquettes (14) sur le tambour (15). Ce ressort est assujetti à l'enroulement magnétostrictif.In the case of a drum brake, the magnetostrictive winding (5) rests on a guide. The winding uses either a material expanding under the effect of a field, in the case of a brake actuated by the establishment of the field, or a material contracting under the effect of the field (brake actuated by the interruption of the field). Cables or links can transmit the forces between the magnetostrictive winding (5) and the magnetic circuit (CM). A pretensioner spring (13) operates in compression, i.e. by pushing the pads (14) onto the drum (15). This spring is subject to the magnetostrictive winding.
Dans cette application à un frein tambour, le circuit magnétique (CM) peut être réalisé selon les différentes formes d'exécution décrites et illustrées dans le cas d'un frein à disque. Le dispositif selon l'invention peut être appliqué dans tous les cas nécessitant un freinage ou un serrage de pièce après compensation d'un jeu relativement important.In this application to a drum brake, the magnetic circuit (CM) can be made according to the various embodiments described and illustrated in the case of a disc brake. The device according to the invention can be applied in all cases requiring braking or clamping part after compensation of a relatively large clearance.
Parmi ces différentes applications, on peut citer : - Freinage de tous types de véhicules : auto, moto, camions, bus, trains, avions avec une préférence pour les applications ayant besoin de compacité, de légèreté et/ou d'une forte bande passante. Freinage d'ascenseurs avec un frein serré par défaut. Télésièges et télécabines débrayables. - Freins et embrayages pour boites automatiques.Among these different applications, we can mention: - Braking all types of vehicles: cars, motorcycles, trucks, buses, trains, aircraft with a preference for applications requiring compactness, light weight and / or high bandwidth . Elevator braking with a tight brake by default. Chair lifts and detachable gondola lifts. - Brakes and clutches for automatic boxes.
Pinces de robots industriels : l'actionneur de déplacement permet de saisir des pièces de tailles différentes et permet une marge de manœuvre pour laisser la pince se dégager de la pièce une fois celle-ci lâchée. L'actionneur magnétostrictif assure un serrage puissant pour tenir des pièces lourdes et/ou glissantes (surface lisse, enduite de graisse).Industrial Robot Clamps: The displacement actuator allows the gripping of parts of different sizes and allows a margin of maneuver to let the gripper emerge from the part once it is released. The magnetostrictive actuator provides powerful clamping to hold heavy and / or slippery parts (smooth surface, coated with grease).
Les avantages ressortent bien de la description, en particulier on souligne et on rappelle :The advantages stand out well from the description, in particular one underlines and recalls:
Au niveau de la compacité, l'enroulement magnétostrictif permet une plus grande compacité surtout en longueur. A encombrement égal, un enroulement magnétostrictif permet d'utiliser une longueur plus grande de matériau et par conséquent d'obtenir une plus grande course de l'actionneur en serrage. Au niveau des coûts résultant de la possibilité d'utiliser des alliages fer cobalt.In terms of compactness, the magnetostrictive winding allows a greater compactness especially in length. At equal size, a magnetostrictive winding makes it possible to use a larger length of material and consequently to obtain a greater stroke of the actuator in clamping. In terms of costs resulting from the possibility of using cobalt iron alloys.
Au niveau du rendement énergétique et de la faible consommation résultant de la petite taille et des puissants actionneurs, la consommation d'énergie limitée aux phases transitoires et de la possibilité de récupérer l'énergie consommée à la magnétisation du circuit, dans le cas de circuits magnétiques à géométrie variable. A noter également que la faible consommation énergétique du dispositif permet d'envisager son alimentation en tension réduite de 14 V en courant continu, limitant fortement la consommation de carburant. Au niveau de la large bande passante, qui va au-delà de 20 kHz, permettant de concevoir un actionneur hybride en observant que la bande passante d'un actionneur magnétostrictif dépend essentiellement de la bande passante du dispositif qui applique le champ magnétisant. La largeur de la bande peut encore être augmentée avec des aimants magnétisés par des impulsions de courant. L'utilisation d'une bande passante très large permet de fournir des prestations de type ESPIn terms of energy efficiency and low consumption resulting from the small size and powerful actuators, energy consumption limited to transient phases and the possibility of recovering the energy consumed at the magnetization of the circuit, in the case of circuits Magnetics with variable geometry. It should also be noted that the low energy consumption of the device makes it possible to envisage its reduced voltage supply of 14 V in direct current, greatly limiting the fuel consumption. At the level of the wide bandwidth, which goes beyond 20 kHz, to design a hybrid actuator by observing that the bandwidth of a magnetostrictive actuator essentially depends on the bandwidth of the device that applies the magnetizing field. The width of the band can be further increased with magnets magnetized by current pulses. The use of a very wide bandwidth makes it possible to provide services of ESP type
(Electronic Stability Program) avec des efforts appliqués de faibles amplitudes.(Electronic Stability Program) with applied forces of small amplitudes.
Au niveau de la réduction des coûts liés à l'électronique résultant de la possibilité d'utiliser des moteurs électriques de faible puissance. La faible consommation énergétique et la faible dissipation d'énergie des électroniques, permettent de diminuer les contraintes au niveau des refroidissements, de sorte que d'un point de vue thermique, il est possible de placer les électroniques sur l'étrier en tant que tel, participant ainsi à la réduction des coûts. Au niveau de l'ordre de grandeur des efforts de serrage générés par magnétostriction. At the level of reduction of costs related to electronics resulting from the possibility of using low power electric motors. The low energy consumption and the low energy dissipation of the electronics make it possible to reduce the constraints on the cooling, so that from a thermal point of view it is possible to place the electronics on the stirrup as such. , thus contributing to the reduction of costs. At the order of magnitude of the clamping forces generated by magnetostriction.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N SR E V E N D I C A T IO N S
-1- Dispositif de freinage à commande électrique comprenant un moteur électrique (1) apte à agir sur un moyen (2) pour permettre un déplacement rapide de plaquettes (3) en contact avec un disque (4) ou un tambour et un actionneur magnétostrictif apte à créer une force de serrage sur les plaquettes contre le disque ou le tambour, caractérisé en ce que l'actionneur magnétostrictif est constitué par au moins un enroulement (5) d'un matériau magnétique sur un support (5a).-1- Electrically controlled braking device comprising an electric motor (1) capable of acting on a means (2) to enable rapid displacement of platelets (3) in contact with a disk (4) or a drum and a magnetostrictive actuator adapted to create a clamping force on the pads against the disk or the drum, characterized in that the magnetostrictive actuator is constituted by at least one winding (5) of a magnetic material on a support (5a).
-2- Dispositif selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le matériau est un alliage se déformant sous l'effet d'un champ magnétique.-2- Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the material is an alloy deforming under the effect of a magnetic field.
-3- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le matériau magnétique (5) est un alliage de fer et de cobalt.-3- Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the magnetic material (5) is an alloy of iron and cobalt.
-4- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le matériau magnétique (5) est en Terfénol-D.-4- Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the magnetic material (5) is Terfenol-D.
-5- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau magnétique est magnétisé par un électroaimant.-5- Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic material is magnetized by an electromagnet.
-6- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau magnétique est magnétisé par un aimant permanent.-6- Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic material is magnetized by a permanent magnet.
-7- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'enroulement (5) est de section rectangulaire mince dans la direction longitudinale et épais dans la direction radiale. -8- Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'aimant permanent est monté en combinaison avec un moyen apte à contrôler son champ magnétique.-7- Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the winding (5) is of thin rectangular section in the longitudinal direction and thick in the radial direction. -8- Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the permanent magnet is mounted in combination with a means adapted to control its magnetic field.
-9- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'actionneur magnétostrictif (5) est à circuit magnétique rotatif à géométrie variable, actionné notamment par un moteur électrique.-9- Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetostrictive actuator (5) is a variable geometry rotating magnetic circuit, actuated in particular by an electric motor.
-10- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'actionneur magnétostrictif (5) est à circuit magnétique linéaire à géométrie variable, actionné notamment par un moteur électrique.-10- Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetostrictive actuator (5) is a linear magnetic circuit with variable geometry, powered in particular by an electric motor.
-11- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'actionneur magnétostrictif^) est à circuit magnétique fixe et à aimant permanent (10) entouré d'un électroaimant (12) traversé par de très intenses et brèves impulsions de courant.-11- Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetostrictive actuator ^) is fixed magnetic circuit and permanent magnet (10) surrounded by an electromagnet (12) traversed by very intense and short current pulses.
-12- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau magnétostrictif est magnétisé par un électroaimant alimenté en permanence par un courant continu. -12- Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetostrictive material is magnetized by an electromagnet permanently fed by a direct current.
EP08762046A 2007-02-14 2008-02-07 Electric control braking device Withdrawn EP2118514A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0753246A FR2912481B1 (en) 2007-02-14 2007-02-14 BRAKING DEVICE HAVING ELECTRICAL CONTROL.
PCT/FR2008/050188 WO2008104682A2 (en) 2007-02-14 2008-02-07 Electric control braking device

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EP2118514A2 true EP2118514A2 (en) 2009-11-18

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WO (1) WO2008104682A2 (en)

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JP2010517867A (en) 2010-05-27
CN101606004A (en) 2009-12-16
FR2912481A1 (en) 2008-08-15
CN101606004B (en) 2012-02-22
FR2912481B1 (en) 2009-03-20
WO2008104682A3 (en) 2008-10-23
US20100101901A1 (en) 2010-04-29

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