EP2102562A1 - Absorbeur qui convertit le rayonnement solaire en energie thermique - Google Patents

Absorbeur qui convertit le rayonnement solaire en energie thermique

Info

Publication number
EP2102562A1
EP2102562A1 EP06818771A EP06818771A EP2102562A1 EP 2102562 A1 EP2102562 A1 EP 2102562A1 EP 06818771 A EP06818771 A EP 06818771A EP 06818771 A EP06818771 A EP 06818771A EP 2102562 A1 EP2102562 A1 EP 2102562A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
absorber
absorber according
silicon carbide
heat
connector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06818771A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerald Göbel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2102562A1 publication Critical patent/EP2102562A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/10—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material
    • F24S70/16—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material made of ceramic; made of concrete; made of natural stone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/70—Sealing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2025/6007—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules by using form-fitting connection means, e.g. tongue and groove
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2025/601—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules by bonding, e.g. by using adhesives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an absorber for the conversion of solar radiation into heat energy, in particular for use in a solar collector, which is traversed by a heat-transporting medium.
  • Solar panels are used to convert solar energy into thermal energy and make it usable as such. They consist essentially of an absorber which is made of a material with a good thermal conductivity, e.g. Copper or steel, and a piping system through which a liquid or gas transports the absorbed energy from the absorber to an application site of the obtained thermal energy.
  • an absorber which is made of a material with a good thermal conductivity, e.g. Copper or steel
  • a piping system through which a liquid or gas transports the absorbed energy from the absorber to an application site of the obtained thermal energy.
  • optical systems such as e.g. Heliostats or parabolic troughs, are used to focus the sun's rays on the absorber.
  • Absorbers usually have a black surface, which is achieved by applying a black pigmented paint to ensure maximum solar energy absorption capacity.
  • a black pigmented paint to ensure maximum solar energy absorption capacity.
  • the absorber consists essentially of a non-porous ceramic made of dark material.
  • the central idea of the invention is namely to use instead of metal pipes with a dark, especially black paint or coating non-porous ceramic pipes, which are made of a dark material, which on the one hand has the advantage that the absorber is not extra on the other hand eliminates the need to prevent the entry of oxygen by encapsulation in vacuum tubes.
  • the use of ceramics also makes it possible to allow absorber temperatures of well above 400 ° C., in particular up to 800 ° C. or even higher, depending on the optical systems used.
  • the non-porous or dense ceramic is a non-oxide ceramic based on silicon carbide (SIC), in particular technical silicon carbide, which among other things has a high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion and is also usable at very high temperatures .
  • SIC silicon carbide
  • Technical grade silicon carbide is dark colored (black to green) due to contamination present, with the degree of coloration decreasing as the degree of purity of the silicon carbide increases.
  • Especially suitable silicon carbide non-oxide ceramics have been found to be pressure-sintered silicon carbide (SSIC) and reaction bonded silicon-infiltrated silicon carbide (SISIC), although liquid phase sintered silicon carbide (LPSIC), hot pressed silicon carbide (HPSIC), and hot isostatic silicon carbide (HIPSIC). are usable.
  • SSIC Pressureless gesinteres silicon carbide
  • SSIC is produced from ground SIC very fine powder, the sintering additives to put in the ceramic customary shaping variants processed and sintered at 2000 to 2200 0 C under a protective gas.
  • SSIC is characterized by a high strength, which remains almost constant up to high temperatures of about 1600 0 C.
  • this material has a high thermal shock resistance, high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance and a diamond-like hardness.
  • reaction-bonded silicon-infiltrated silicon carbide comprises, for example, about 85 to 94% SIC and, correspondingly, 15 to 6% metallic silicon (Si).
  • SICIC has virtually no residual porosity. This is accomplished by infiltrating a silicon carbide and carbon mold with metallic silicon. The reaction between liquid silicon and the carbon results in an SIC bond matrix, with the remaining pore space being filled up with metallic silicon.
  • the advantage of this production technique is that, in contrast to the powder sintering techniques, the components do not undergo shrinkage during the siliconizing process. Therefore, extremely large or long absorber can be made with precise dimensions.
  • the field of application of the SISIC is indeed limited due to the melting point of the metallic silicon to about 1380 0 C, up to this temperature range, but has SISIC high strength and corrosion resistance coupled with good thermal shock resistance and wear resistance.
  • silicon carbides are characterized by properties such as high hardness, corrosion resistance even at high temperatures, high wear resistance, high strength even at high temperatures, oxidation resistance up to very high application temperatures, good thermal shock resistance, low thermal expansion and very high thermal conductivity.
  • the low thermal expansion is particularly advantageous if the absorber is tubular or, as provided in one embodiment of the invention, consists of a plurality of closely interconnected tubular elements.
  • Such absorbers are used in particular in solar power plants, which use parabolic internal collectors, which consist of curved mirrors, which focus the sunlight on an extending in the focal line absorber tube, which is fixed by brackets in the focal line of the collector.
  • the lengths of such collectors and thus also the length of the absorber tubes used can be between 20 and 150 meters, the individual interconnected tubular absorber elements usually having a length of approximately 2 to 4 meters.
  • the above-mentioned properties of silicon carbide allows a substantial abandonment of the measures provided for in the prior art for absorbing the elongation, supporting the weight and preventing the deformation at high temperatures of the absorber materials used.
  • connection of two tubular elements is effected by a plug connection.
  • This type of connection allows rapid assembly, but has the disadvantage that it is sensitive to longitudinal forces, which, however, occur only to a small extent by the inventive use of non-oxide ceramics with a low thermal expansion.
  • flange or screw for connecting two tubular elements.
  • metal clips are provided to secure a plug connection, which prevent longitudinal forces occurring in the absorber from disengaging the plug connections.
  • the individual tube segments can be made very accurately, which would even allow the individual tubular elements to be accurately and tightly interconnected without additional sealing , According to the invention, however, it can be provided that the sealing of the plug connections takes place by means of a silicone gasket, which is adapted to the tubular shape of the tubular elements, or that the sealing of the plug connection takes place by a refractory cement or adhesive.
  • SISIC reaction-bonded silicon-infiltrated silicon carbide
  • Liquid or gaseous heat transfer fluids such as water, liquid sodium, isobutane, thermal oil or superheated steam, etc. can be used as the heat-transporting medium.
  • thermal oil is used as a heat-transporting medium, temperatures of up to 390 0 C can be reached, which are used in a heat exchanger for steam generation and then fed to a conventional steam turbine.
  • superheated steam is used in direct steam generation, which does not require a heat exchanger, since the heated water vapor is produced directly in the absorber pipes and fed to a steam turbine, which allows temperatures above 500 ° C. when parabolic internal collectors are used.
  • the heat-transporting medium consists of silicone oil, which is characterized by a low volatility, low temperature coefficient of viscosity, fire safety and high resistance to acids and alkalis, but also has a high electrical resistance and a low surface tension.
  • silicone oil is odorless or tasteless and physiologically indifferent.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a parabolic inner collector containing the absorber according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a cross section through the junction of two interconnected by a plug connection tubular absorber
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the connector shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged view of a connector according to another embodiment of the invention, similar to Figure 3;
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a connector according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • 1 shows a perspective view of a Parabolinnenkonverters 10.
  • the Parabolinnenkonverter 10 has an elongate reflector 12, which is usually made of glass, which is coated with silver and thus acts as a mirror.
  • the reflector 12 has the shape of a parabola, and in the focal line, not shown, of the reflector 12 is an existing of a plurality of individual absorber tube elements 16 elongated absorber 14, in which a heat-transporting medium, such as silicone oil, thermal oil or water vapor, circulated.
  • a heat-transporting medium such as silicone oil, thermal oil or water vapor
  • the reflector 12 constructed from a multiplicity of reflector elements 13 has a support structure 18, which consists essentially of a multiplicity of supports 20 fixed to the floor and a truss structure 22 attached thereto, which supports the individual reflector elements 13 in a manner free of deformation, as well as for the storage of Supporting elements 24 is used, with which the absorber tube 14 is always held in the focal line of the reflector 12.
  • rotary actuators are also provided which allow a pivoting movement of the truss structure 22 relative to the supports 20 on pivot bearings 26, one of which is shown.
  • a line system 32 which has an inlet 34, through which the heat-transporting medium is introduced into the absorber 14, and a drain 36, through which the heat-transporting medium is discharged.
  • a heat exchanger not shown, for steam generation, which is then fed to a conventional steam turbine, or if the superheated steam is generated directly in the absorber tubes, this directly fed to a steam turbine without the interposition of a heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section through a connection of two absorber tube elements 16, 16, which together form part of the absorber 14 in the present embodiment.
  • Each absorber tube element 16 is made of a non-porous / dense non-oxide ceramic based on silicon carbide, which is present in technical form and is dark.
  • the silicon carbide used has a very high hardness, corrosion resistance even at high temperatures, high wear resistance, high strength even at high temperatures, oxidation resistance up to high application temperatures, good thermal shock resistance, low thermal expansion, very high thermal conductivity and good tribulogical properties.
  • non-pressure sintered silicon carbide SSIC
  • reaction-bonded silicon-infiltrated silicon carbide SISIC
  • Si carbide has only a low thermal expansion
  • very long absorber 14 can be used with a corresponding number of individual absorber tube elements 16 without having to pay much attention to the axial extent of the absorber tube 14.
  • liquid phase sintered silicon carbide LPSIC
  • HPSIC hot pressed silicon carbide
  • HIPSIC hot isostatically pressed silicon carbide
  • the technical grade silicon carbide used is dark colored due to impurities present (light green / dark green, black, gray), depending on the degree of purity, so that it is not necessary to blacken the tubes extra, which also eliminates the need to prevent the ingress of oxygen by encapsulation in vacuum tubes, to prevent too rapid destruction of the absorber coating or dyeing, as in the state the technique is necessary.
  • the two absorber tubular members 16, 16 are connected by a plug-type connection in which a tip end 38 of an absorber tubular member 16 is inserted into the sleeve end 40 of an adjacent absorber tubular member 16, allowing for rapid assembly ,
  • the flow direction of the heat-transporting medium is shown in Figure 2 by an arrow 42 and extends from the socket end of a tubular element to its tip end.
  • the connector can be additionally secured by retaining clips, not shown, or retaining screws to prevent release of the connector.
  • Figure 3 shows an enlarged view of the connector of Figure 2, in which it can be seen that the connector is additionally sealed by a suitable ceramic or metal-ceramic adhesive 44 which contains no organic solvents, is not flammable and in temperature ranges well above 1000 0th C is usable.
  • a suitable ceramic or metal-ceramic adhesive 44 which contains no organic solvents, is not flammable and in temperature ranges well above 1000 0th C is usable.
  • other refractory adhesives or Dichtungskitte which have heat resistances up to 1700 0 C, or ceramic adhesives are used, which are introduced into the connection region of the two absorber tube elements in liquid form and after curing, the absorber tube elements 16 reliably connects ,
  • FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention in which two absorber tube elements 16, 16, as in FIG. 3, are connected to one another via a plug connection in which a tip end 38 of one absorber tube element 16 is inserted into the socket end 40 of the other absorber tube element. Tube member 16 is inserted.
  • a silicone gasket 46 is provided to seal the connector.
  • the tip end 38 of one absorber tube member 16 is provided with a phase 48 to facilitate insertion of the tip end 38 into the socket end 40 of the other absorber tube member 16 as well as a casserole aid for the Silicone seal 46 serve to not pinch this when inserting the tip end 38 in the socket end 40.
  • both the tip end 38 and the socket end 40 have a respective groove or recess 50 and 52, respectively, for receiving the silicone gasket 46 (shown as an O-ring in Figure 4) to provide additional fixation the two connected absorber tube elements 16, 16 to allow.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the invention in which two absorber tube elements 16, 16, as in FIG. 4, are connected to one another via a plug connection, in which a tip end 38 of one absorber tube element 16 is inserted into the socket end 40 of the other absorber tube element.
  • Tube member 16 is inserted, wherein the connector is sealed by a silicone seal 54.
  • this embodiment differs from the embodiment shown in Figure 4 in that the tip end 38 is not only phased, as shown in Figure 4, but with a bottle neck tapered tip end 38 and a correspondingly contrarotate formed trumpet-shaped sleeve end 40 is formed.
  • the elastomeric sleeve seal (silicone seal) 54 is not inserted in a groove or recess, but lies flat between the tip end 38 and the sleeve end 40 to seal the connection area.
  • the bottle-neck-like shape of the tip end 38 shown in FIG. 5 is chosen only by way of example and may be different depending on the sleeve seal used, for example with a longer or shorter neck, with different material thickness, etc.
  • this type of connector may additionally have a not shown retaining clip or retaining screw to be secured to prevent loosening of the connector.
  • sleeve ends 40 which is attached to one end of a respective absorber tube member 16 form these ends as tip ends and provide separate sleeves, which are pushed over the two pipe elements to be connected.
  • other types of compounds e.g. Flange or screw, depending on the material properties of the silicon carbide used in order to allow in this way higher pressures in the absorber.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un absorbeur (14) qui convertit le rayonnement solaire en énergie thermique, cet absorbeur (14) étant destiné à être utilisé en particulier dans un capteur solaire (10). Ledit absorbeur (14) est constitué d'une céramique sombre non poreuse et il est traversé par un fluide caloporteur.
EP06818771A 2005-11-23 2006-11-23 Absorbeur qui convertit le rayonnement solaire en energie thermique Withdrawn EP2102562A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005055858A DE102005055858A1 (de) 2005-11-23 2005-11-23 Absorber zur Umwandlung von Sonnenstrahlen in Wärmeenergie
PCT/EP2006/011251 WO2007059972A1 (fr) 2005-11-23 2006-11-23 Absorbeur qui convertit le rayonnement solaire en energie thermique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2102562A1 true EP2102562A1 (fr) 2009-09-23

Family

ID=37726972

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06818771A Withdrawn EP2102562A1 (fr) 2005-11-23 2006-11-23 Absorbeur qui convertit le rayonnement solaire en energie thermique

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (2) US20090114281A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2102562A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101351674A (fr)
AU (1) AU2006316742C1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102005055858A1 (fr)
EG (1) EG25698A (fr)
IL (1) IL191607A (fr)
RU (1) RU2008125102A (fr)
WO (1) WO2007059972A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200805387B (fr)

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US8683994B2 (en) * 2008-02-20 2014-04-01 Corning Incorporated Solar heat collection element with glass-ceramic central tube
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US20120012102A1 (en) * 2009-04-16 2012-01-19 Mitaka Kohki Co., Ltd. Solar power concentrating system
US20110271999A1 (en) 2010-05-05 2011-11-10 Cogenra Solar, Inc. Receiver for concentrating photovoltaic-thermal system
GB201008032D0 (en) * 2010-05-14 2010-06-30 Dow Corning Solar reflection apparatus
US8686279B2 (en) 2010-05-17 2014-04-01 Cogenra Solar, Inc. Concentrating solar energy collector
WO2011149589A1 (fr) * 2010-05-24 2011-12-01 Cogenra Solar, Inc. Capteur solaire à concentration
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ITMI20120330A1 (it) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-03 Gambettola Laterizi Concentratore solare lineare a montaggio facilitato
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US20160315583A1 (en) * 2014-01-30 2016-10-27 Farouk Dakhil Solar water-collecting, air-conditioning, light-transmitting and power generating house
MD908Z (ro) * 2014-03-19 2016-02-29 Институт Энергетики Академии Наук Молдовы Absorber pentru colectorul solar
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL191607A (en) 2014-09-30
ZA200805387B (en) 2009-10-28
EG25698A (en) 2012-05-22
DE102005055858A1 (de) 2007-05-24
US20090114281A1 (en) 2009-05-07
AU2006316742B2 (en) 2011-09-22
US20110017204A1 (en) 2011-01-27
AU2006316742C1 (en) 2012-03-01
CN101351674A (zh) 2009-01-21
WO2007059972A1 (fr) 2007-05-31
RU2008125102A (ru) 2009-12-27
AU2006316742A1 (en) 2007-05-31
IL191607A0 (en) 2008-12-29

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