EP2102292A1 - Mit copolymeren oberflächenmodifizierte partikel - Google Patents
Mit copolymeren oberflächenmodifizierte partikelInfo
- Publication number
- EP2102292A1 EP2102292A1 EP07818698A EP07818698A EP2102292A1 EP 2102292 A1 EP2102292 A1 EP 2102292A1 EP 07818698 A EP07818698 A EP 07818698A EP 07818698 A EP07818698 A EP 07818698A EP 2102292 A1 EP2102292 A1 EP 2102292A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- inorganic particles
- modified inorganic
- copolymers
- modified
- particles according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 37
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C(C)=C WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=NC=C1 KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002051 biphasic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011242 organic-inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003586 protic polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- KCAMXZBMXVIIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-3-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(CC)OC(=O)C(C)=C KCAMXZBMXVIIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- YOIZTLBZAMFVPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacetic acid Chemical compound CCOC1=CC(C(O)C(O)=O)=CC=C1O YOIZTLBZAMFVPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 12
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N AIBN Substances N#CC(C)(C)\N=N\C(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 10
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- -1 alkyl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010414 supernatant solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920006301 statistical copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- CTHJQRHPNQEPAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethenylbenzene Chemical compound COC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 CTHJQRHPNQEPAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000871495 Heeria argentea Species 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005315 distribution function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940094522 laponite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B lithium magnesium sodium silicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3 XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- ZCYXXKJEDCHMGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCC[CH]CCCC ZCYXXKJEDCHMGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N normal nonane Natural products CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010399 physical interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/08—Ingredients agglomerated by treatment with a binding agent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/28—Compounds of silicon
- C09C1/30—Silicic acid
- C09C1/3072—Treatment with macro-molecular organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/40—Compounds of aluminium
- C09C1/407—Aluminium oxides or hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
- C09C3/10—Treatment with macromolecular organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to surface-modified particles that are dispersible in organic solvents and their use for incorporation into polymers, paints and coatings.
- Inorganic particles in particular nanoparticles, are usually prepared in aqueous dispersion and often have to be converted into organic media. If, for example, the hydrophilic nanoparticles are brought too quickly into a non-polar environment, it occurs
- the object of the present invention is to provide processes for the production of surface-modified particles in which particles,
- the object of the present invention is achieved by surface-modified inorganic particles having attached to the surface of the particle random copolymers of at least one monomer having hydrophobic radicals and at least one monomer having hydrophilic radicals, characterized in that they are obtainable by a method in which Step a) in a solvent mixture containing water, at least one water-immiscible organic solvent and at least one other acting as a solubilizer, organic solvent, inorganic particles and random copolymers of at least one monomer having hydrophobic radicals and at least one monomer having hydrophilic radicals with each other, under covalent or non-covalent (physical) attachment of the random copolymer of at least one monomer having hydrophobic radicals and at least one monomer having hydrophilic radicals to the surface of the inorganic Particles are reacted, and in a step b) water and / or methanol is added to form a biphasic system and the phases are separated, wherein the surface-modified inorganic particles are dis
- the resulting surface-modified particles have the advantage that they are either dispersed in a non-polar solvent, or after optional separation again in nonpolar solvents or application systems, such as paints or varnishes can be redispersed.
- the particles thus obtained are particularly advantageous in terms of incorporation into hydrophobic polymers, solvents or paints, since the particles can be distributed homogeneously in the polymer, solvent or paint by simple measures. This allows improved properties such as increased transparency or better mechanical stability compared to systems with inhomogeneous distribution.
- Essential for the properties of the particles according to the invention is the process for their preparation, which is also the subject of the present invention. Only by this method, the surface-modified particles of the invention are accessible, which have the redispersibility in nonpolar solvents as a special property. For this reason, a process for the preparation of surface-modified particles with random copolymers bound to the surface of the particles of at least one monomer having hydrophobic radicals and at least one monomer having hydrophilic radicals, characterized in that in a step a) in a solvent mixture containing water, at least one water-immiscible, organic solvent and at least one further acting as a solubilizer, organic solvent, inorganic particles and random copolymers of at least one monomer having hydrophobic radicals and at least one monomer having hydrophilic radicals are reacted together, and in a step b) Water is added to form a biphasic system and the phases are separated, wherein the surface-modified inorganic particles are dispersed in the non-polar solvent
- the inorganic particles to be modified and the random copolymers to be used are reacted with one another in a ternary solvent system.
- the solvent system comprises at least one nonpolar solvent, water and at least a third, acting as a solubilizer between the non-polar solvent and water, organic solvent, so that the mixture is a single-phase system.
- Suitable non-polar solvents are hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons and / or mixtures thereof.
- the nonpolar solvents are preferably alkanes and cyclic alkanes, in particular hexane, heptane, octane, nonane and / or cyclohexane.
- organic solvents are polar protic and aprotic solvents, preferably alcohols and ethers, more preferably ethanol, methanol and isopropanol.
- the solvent system is monophasic, that is, there is only one phase in total.
- the amount of organic solvent acting as a solubilizer is chosen so that a phase separation is achieved by further addition of water.
- the amount depends on the nonpolar solvent or solvent mixture used and its quantitative ratio to water. In general, it is subject to the expertise of the skilled person, depending on the nature of
- Solvent suitable mixing ratios that lead to the formation of a monophasic solvent system, for example, from G. Wypych: Handbook of solvents, ChemTec Publishing 2001, R. Koningsveld, WH Stockmayer, N. Nies: Polymer phase diagrams, Oxford Univ. Press 2001 or PW Atkins, Julio de Paula, Atkin ' s physical chemistry, Oxford Univ. Press 2002.
- the inorganic particles and the random copolymers to be used are reacted with each other.
- the random copolymers to be used can first be dissolved in the nonpolar solvent or solvent mixture and then mixed with the inorganic particles dispersed in the polar solvents.
- amphiphilic copolymers do not form an emulsion under the stated solvent conditions, which is due to dynamic
- Non-covalent attachment in the sense of the present invention means that the attachment is based essentially on physical interactions between copolymer and surface of the particles.
- the copolymers are covalently bonded to the surface of the particles, since this ensures a particularly strong binding of the copolymers to the surface of the particles.
- water is added to the abovementioned reaction mixture to form a biphasic system.
- the addition of water increases the amount of polar solvent to such an extent that segregation of the ternary solvent system occurs with formation a biphasic system of polar and nonpolar solvent (s).
- polar and nonpolar solvent s
- the surface modification of the particles with the statistical copolymers to be used they are dispersed in the nonpolar solvent or solvent mixture.
- the previously hydrophilic inorganic particles were modified to such an extent that they are dispersed in nonpolar solvents or, if appropriate after separation from the nonpolar solvent and, if appropriate, drying, can be redispersed in organic, in particular nonpolar, solvents.
- the dried surface-modified particles obtained in this way are also the subject of the present invention.
- the reaction preferably takes place in the temperature range from 20 to 100 ° C. for 1 to 20 minutes.
- For accelerated phase separation is preferably cooled to 0 0 C after the addition of water.
- the particles can be dried and redispersed again in an organic, in particular non-polar solvent. Turbidity measurements after redispersion show the same values as before drying. This shows that the particles can be dried and redispersed without agglomeration.
- the measurement of turbidity is carried out in the context of the present invention by means of UV / VIS / NIR spectrometer Lambda 900 with integration sphere (150 mm). The dispersions are measured at a layer thickness of 0.5 cm in transmission. The directional and diffuse components are calculated. The lower the diffuse component of the transmittance, the less turbid and therefore more transparent the sample appears. The visual appearance of the samples is transparent (opalescent).
- the statistical copolymers to be used according to the invention preferably have a molar ratio of structural units having hydrophobic radicals to structural units having hydrophilic radicals in the random copolymer in the range 1: 10 to 500: 1, preferably in the range 1: 1 to 100: 1 and particularly preferably in the range 7: 3 to 10: 1.
- the determination of the weight average molecular weight M w is carried out by gel permeation chromatography GPC, as known from the literature, for example from Vollmert B., "Outline of Macromolecular Chemistry” Volume 3, E-Volmert Verlag, Düsseldorf, 1988 or Lechner, MD, Gerhke, K ., Nordmeier EH “Macromolecular Chemistry” Birkhäuser Verlag, Berlin,
- GPC measurements are carried out against a respectively selected Standard (PMMA, PS, PC, PI, etc) in a suitable solvent in a corresponding column at 3O 0 C. Detection takes place via an ERC RI-101 differential refractometer from Ercatech AG or a SOMA S-3702 UV detector from Soma, Japan.
- X and Y correspond to the radicals of conventional nonionic or ionic monomers
- R 1 is hydrogen or a hydrophobic side group, preferably selected from the branched or unbranched alkyl radicals at least 4 carbon atoms in which one or more, preferably all H atoms may be replaced by fluorine atoms
- R 2 is a hydrophilic side group, preferably an amino, ammonium, phosphonate, sulfonate, polyol or polyether Ran, ran means that the repeating unit in random order in the
- terpolymers can also be used.
- the formula I must then be supplemented accordingly, for example to formula Ia
- X, Y and Z correspond to the radicals of conventional nonionic or ionic monomers Q and
- R 1 is hydrogen or a hydrophobic side group, preferably selected from the branched or unbranched alkyl radicals having at least 4 carbon atoms in which one or more, preferably all H atoms may be replaced by fluorine atoms, and5 R 2 and R 3 are independently for a hydrophilic
- Side group which preferably has an amino, ammonium, phosphonate, sulfonate, polyol or polyether radical, ran means that the repeating unit occurs in a random sequence in the polymer, Q and wherein within a molecule -XR 1 , - YR 2 and -ZR 3 may each have several different meanings, meet the requirements of the invention in a special way.
- Particularly preferred according to the invention are those polymers in which R 2 is a polyethylene oxide chain.
- polymers according to formula I are particularly preferred in which Y is pyridyl and R 2 is preferably a hydrophilic side group, the one
- R 2 is particularly preferred
- R 2 is preferably a side group - (CH 2 ) m - (N + (CH 3 ) 2 ) - (CH 2 ) n -SO 3 - or one Side group - (CH 2) m - (N + (CH 3) 2 MCH 2 ) n-PO 3 2- , where m is an integer from the range of 1 to 30, preferably from the range 1 to 6, particularly preferably 2, and n is an integer from the range of 1 to 30, preferably from the range 1 to 8, particularly preferably 3, advantageously use.
- the copolymers are amphiphilic copolymers based on 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate and polyethylene glycol methacrylate.
- the ratio of ethylhexyl methacrylate to polyethylene glycol methacrylate is 99: 1 to 60:40, in particular 95: 5 to 70:30, more preferably 93: 7 to 85:15 (data in mol .-%).
- the copolymers mentioned can be prepared according to the following scheme:
- EHMA ethylhexyl methacrylate
- PEGMA polyethylene glycol methacrylate
- the copolymers are amphiphilic copolymers based on 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate (EHMA) and 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP), wherein preferably the pyridine units contained in the polymer produced are further functionalized by means of 1,3-propane sultone ,
- EHMA 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate
- 4-VP 4-vinylpyridine
- the ratio of ethylhexyl methacrylate to 4-vinylpyridine is 99: 1 to 60:40, in particular 98: 2 to 85:15 (in mol%).
- the copolymers mentioned can be prepared according to the following scheme:
- ethylhexyl methacrylate (EHMA) and 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) are copolymerized by known processes, preferably free-radically in toluene, for example by addition of AIBN and optionally in the presence of a regulator (chain transfer agent), for example mercaptoethanol.
- a regulator chain transfer agent
- the pyridine units contained in the copolymer are reacted by means of 1, 3-propane sultone.
- These copolymers are preferably suitable for the functionalization of SiO 2 nanoparticles, cerium oxide and / or aluminum oxide nanoparticles, very particularly preferably for the functionalization of cerium oxide and / or aluminum oxide nanoparticles.
- the copolymers are preferably terpolymers consisting of the monomers 2- (ethylhexyl) methacrylate (EHMA), poly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEOMA) and 2-
- DMAEMA (Dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate
- the dialkylamino group introduced by DMAEMA into the copolymer is capable of undergoing hydrogen bonding, which becomes particularly important when incorporation of the nanoparticles of the invention into a polymer capable of forming hydrogen bonds, for example, polyurethanes.
- copolymers may contain styrene, vinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyridine, halogenated styrene or methoxystyrene, these examples being not limiting.
- styrene vinylpyrrolidone
- vinylpyridine vinylpyridine
- halogenated styrene methoxystyrene
- Invention polymers are used, which are characterized in that at least one structural unit is an oligo- or polymer, preferably a macromonomer, with polyethers, polyolefins and polyacrylates are particularly preferred as macromonomers.
- Suitable particles are selected from the group comprising hydrophilic and hydrophobic, in particular hydrophilic particles, in particular nanoparticles, based on oxides, hydroxides, phosphates, sulfides, sulfates, carbonates of silicon, titanium, zinc, aluminum, cerium, cobalt, chromium, nickel , Iron, yttrium and / or zirconium, or with oxides or hydroxides of silicon coated metals, such as Ag, Cu, Fe, Au, Pd, Pt or alloys.
- the particles based on oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, sulfates, carbonates of titanium, zinc, aluminum, cerium, cobalt, chromium, nickel, iron, yttrium and / or zirconium may optionally be coated with oxides or hydroxides of silicon.
- the individual oxides can also be present as mixtures.
- the particles preferably have an average particle size, determined by means of a Malvern ZETASIZER 3000 (dynamic light scattering) or transmission electron microscope, of from 3 to 200 nm, in particular from 20 to 80 nm and very particularly preferably from 30 to 50 nm.
- the distribution of particle sizes is narrow, ie Fluctuation width is less than 10O% of the mean value, particularly preferably at most 50% of the mean value (according to particle distribution function, determined by dynamic light scattering).
- the measurements are carried out at room temperature. Measured at a laser wavelength of 633 nm.
- the sample volume is in all cases 3 ml at a concentration of 5% by weight of particles in butyl acetate.
- the samples are measured unfiltered. 0
- the wavelength is 632.8 nm.
- the particle concentration in the sample is 0.2 g / L, whereby 5 samples are obtained by means of a 0.45 ⁇ m filter be filtered before the measurement.
- nanoparticles based on silicon dioxide Preference is given to using nanoparticles based on silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) and cerium oxide (CeO 2 ). Particular preference is given to using nanoparticles based on silicon dioxide
- nanohektorites for example, from the company
- silica sols (SiO 2 in water) prepared from ion-exchanged c water glass are also particularly preferred.
- surface modified inorganic particles either in the form of a dispersion or as dried particles according to the present invention for incorporation into polymers, paints and coatings, Q is also a subject of the present invention.
- the incorporation into polymers and lacquers can be carried out by customary methods for the preparation of polymer preparations.
- the polymer material can be mixed with nanoparticles according to the invention, preferably with the dried particles, preferably in an extruder or kneader, and by mixing the nanoparticles with the nanoparticles
- Polymer output components of 2K coating systems can be incorporated into 2K coating systems.
- 2K paint systems are 2-component paint systems.
- Preferred polymers are polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PETP), polyimide (PI), polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyolefins, preferably polybutadiene and polyisoprene and copolymers containing at least a portion of one of the polymers mentioned, and 2K coating systems. for example, comprising polyurethanes.
- a particular advantage of the particles according to the invention consists in the fact that, for the homogeneous distribution of the particles in a polymer, only a low energy input compared to the prior art is required.
- the polymers may also be dispersions of polymers, such as, for example, paints.
- the incorporation can be done by conventional mixing processes.
- the dispersions of the particles according to the invention obtained in the process in the non-polar solvent can often be used directly. In this way, an additional isolation step can be omitted and the production of the paint or the color is facilitated, the production costs are lowered.
- polymer preparations according to the invention containing the nanoparticles are also particularly suitable for coating surfaces.
- Surfaces coated with polymers, lacquers and paints containing surface modified inorganic particles according to the present invention, are also the subject of the present invention.
- Cyclohexane HPLC grade
- n-hexane HPLC grade
- ethanol HPLC grade
- 2-ethylhexyl) methacrylate 99%
- 2,2'-azobis (2-methyl-propionitrile) AIBN
- mercaptoethanol purchased from Acros and (polyethylene glycol) methacrylate (M - 360 g / mol) from Sigma- Aldrich.
- (2-Ethylhexyl) methacrylate and 2- (dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate are dried over CaH 2 and then distilled in vacuo.
- (Polyethylene glycol) methacrylate, AIBN and mercaptoethanol are used as received. Dynamic light scattering is measured on a Malvern Zetasizer 3000.
- the synthesis of the copolymers is carried out by free-radical copolymerization of 2- (ethylhexyl) methacrylate (EHMA) and (polyethylene oxide) methacrylate (PEOMA).
- EHMA 2- (ethylhexyl) methacrylate
- PEOMA polyethylene oxide methacrylate
- EHMA, PEOMA, mercaptoethanol and toluene are presented and degassed this solution and then heated to 70 0 C.
- the AIBN dissolved in 1/12 of the amount of toluene, was added and then stirred at this temperature for 24 h. All weights are listed in the table below. After cooling the solution to room temperature, the resulting
- the polydispersity (PDI) of the copolymers is determined by GPC (gel permeation chromatography). The measurement is made against PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) as the standard at a temperature of 30 0 C using the following columns: MZ-Gel SDplus 10E6, 10E4 and 500 of the MZ Analysentechnik GmbH.
- the eluent used is tetrahydrofuran (THF).
- the detection of the polymer fraction is carried out by means of an ERC RI-101 differential refractometer from Ercatech AG. Surface modification by means of latent biphasic ternary solvent systems:
- Dynamic light scattering gives a mean hydrodynamic diameter of about 37 nm and a narrow, monomodal size distribution. This is confirmed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) images, whereby this results in a mean particle diameter of about 25 nm. The images are taken with the Zeiss Gemini 912 Zeiss machine.
- the functionalized particles are stable in solution, and do not change their diameter with increasing lifetime. Furthermore, the particles according to the invention are redispersible in the solvent used for the synthesis, since the hydrodynamic radius after redispersion does not differ significantly from that before the redispersion.
- the synthesis of the terpolymers is carried out by free-radical copolymerization of 2- (ethylhexyl) methacrylate (EHMA), poly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEOMA) and 2- (dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate (DMAEMA).
- EHMA 2- (ethylhexyl) methacrylate
- PEOMA poly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate
- DMAEMA 2- (dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate
- the terpolymers obtained show molecular weights of 10,600 g / mol in the case of the terpolymer I and 10300 g / mol in the case of the terpolymer II.
- 300 mg of the terpolymer are mixed with 240 mg of a SiO 2 particle dispersion
- Particle I 300 mg terpolymer I and 240 mg of a 30% by weight SiO 2 particle dispersion in H 2 O.
- Particle II 300 mg terpolymer II and 240 mg of a 30% by weight SiO 2 particle dispersion in H 2 O.
- Example A 500 mg DP 680 BA 140 mg DD N 3390 BA / SN
- Example B 500 mg DP 680 BA 170 mg DD N 3390 BA / SN
- the copolymer is synthesized by radical copolymerization of 2- (ethylhexyl) methacrylate (EHMA) and 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP).
- EHMA 2- (ethylhexyl) methacrylate
- 4-VP 4-vinylpyridine
- the EHMA, the 4-VP, mercaptoethanol and toluene are presented and degassed this solution and then heated to 70 0 C.
- the AIBN dissolved in 1/12 of the amount of toluene, was added and then stirred at this temperature for 24 h. All weights are listed in the table below.
- the resulting copolymer is precipitated in methanol, the decanted supernatant solution and the residue dried under reduced pressure at 60 0 C for 14 h.
- the 4-vinylpyridine units contained in the copolymer are reacted by means of 1,3-propane sultone.
- 4.7 g of the copolymer are dissolved in 60 ml of chloroform and 0.826 g of 1, 3-propane sultone, dissolved in 15 ml of chloroform, at room temperature, slowly dropped.
- the reaction mixture is refluxed for 24 h.
- the reaction solution is then washed 3 times with 15 ml of 10% NaCl solution and the polymer was precipitated in methanol, the decanted supernatant solution and the residue dried under reduced pressure at 60 0 C for 14 h.
- the chosen amount of the copolymer is dissolved in 6 ml of n-heptane (or n-hexane, cyclohexane or toluene). 80 mg of an aqueous SiO 2 particle
- Dispersion solids content 30 wt .-%, particle size: 15 nm
- 100 mg of an aqueous Al 2 O 3 particle dispersion solids content 25 wt .-%, particle size: about 50 nm
- 120 mg of a aqueous Ce ⁇ 2 particle dispersion solids content 20 wt .-%, particle size: 10 nm
- the two solutions are mixed together, with no phase separation, and then allowed to stand for a further 3 minutes. After this time, 0.2 ml of H 2 O are added and the resulting mixture is mixed.
- the onset of phase by adding the H 2 O phase is accelerated by cooling the mixture for 10 minutes to 0 0 C.
- the functionalized particles are stable in solution and do not change in diameter over their lifetime, and can be redispersed in nonpolar organic solvents (e.g., n-alkanes, toluene, butyl acetate) without further agglomeration of the functionalized particles.
- nonpolar organic solvents e.g., n-alkanes, toluene, butyl acetate
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE200610058201 DE102006058201A1 (de) | 2006-12-11 | 2006-12-11 | Mit Copolymeren oberflächenmodifizierte Partikel |
| PCT/EP2007/008619 WO2008071248A1 (de) | 2006-12-11 | 2007-10-04 | Mit copolymeren oberflächenmodifizierte partikel |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP2102292A1 true EP2102292A1 (de) | 2009-09-23 |
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| EP07818698A Withdrawn EP2102292A1 (de) | 2006-12-11 | 2007-10-04 | Mit copolymeren oberflächenmodifizierte partikel |
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| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP2102292A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102006058201A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008071248A1 (de) |
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| TWI384021B (zh) | 2009-04-23 | 2013-02-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | 奈米無機氧化物的相轉移方法 |
| US12191493B2 (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2025-01-07 | Zeon Corporation | Composition for electrochemical device functional layer, functional layer for electrochemical device, and electrochemical device |
| CN120553719B (zh) * | 2025-07-10 | 2026-03-24 | 南通汇顺化工有限公司 | 一种纳米二氧化硅分散液的制备方法 |
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| KR20060127929A (ko) * | 2004-01-27 | 2006-12-13 | 메르크 파텐트 게엠베하 | 나노입자 |
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- 2006-12-11 DE DE200610058201 patent/DE102006058201A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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- 2007-10-04 EP EP07818698A patent/EP2102292A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-10-04 WO PCT/EP2007/008619 patent/WO2008071248A1/de not_active Ceased
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