EP2096224A1 - Wooden roofing tile - Google Patents

Abstract

The tile (1) has two recesses (2) e.g. main recesses, where each recess is formed on each longitudinal side of the tile. Each of the recesses is located on opposite surface and each of the recesses contains a rectangular groove e.g. main rectangular groove (3), whose width is less than the width of the recess containing the groove so that the tiles are used to stack a head to tail while leaving clearance to stacking, where the tile is flat. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a method for assembling wooden roofing tiles (2) a method for manufacturing a wooden roofing tile.

Description

The present invention relates to wooden tiles for roofing and more particularly relates to the geometry of a new type of tile.

Roofing tiles are usually made of concrete, of different colors and with many profiles. These tiles usually have areas with locking profiles along their side edges by means of which, when placed on a roof, each tile is locked with the adjacent tiles of the same row. Considerable efforts have been made to develop new colors and profiles, for example with pronounced moldings to improve the appearance of tiles.

An advantage provided by the ridges and valleys extending longitudinally to the bottom of the tile is that they promote the flow of rainwater at the bottom of the tiles and reduce a flow in the transverse direction for example under the action of a side wind.

The patent FR 2 569 748 proposes a type of concrete tile with grooves on two opposite sides of the tile allowing the locking of adjacent tiles and the flow of rainwater. But this type of tile does not take into account the constraints of the wood due to the hygrometry and the outside temperature. The hygrometric and thermal variations of the wood result in significant dimensional variations, especially in the tangential direction of the rings of the wood where they reach about 2.5% per% of water absorbed or evacuated by the wood. However, the patent FR 2 569 748 requires fairly precise dimensions especially for the shoulder described in this patent which are only possible with concrete tiles.

The wood used for the manufacture of tiles are species class 3 or 4, that is to say, rot-resistant and very resistant (larch, chestnut sawn or melted, Douglas fir and cedar Atlas). Properly laid down, they offer a longevity superior to the majority of roofing materials (sometimes several centuries as evidenced by the roofs of castles or churches over 300 years old). The cedar tiles of the Atlas are naturally resistant to insects and termites. They are light and reduce the weight on the frames, resistant to the effects of the wind beyond 200 km / h thanks to their four points of anchorage by tile. In addition, they allow to walk on the roof without risk of breakage. They are geologically sound by ensuring the continuity of telluric and cosmic radiations. Building wood is not only a way to fight against greenhouse gases and allow sustainable management of forests but also to acquire a property that combines three essential components: aesthetics, comfort of life and energy saving. Indeed, the wooden cover contributes to more than 70% of energy saving, it offers a comfort and a thermal insulation foolproof while pointing out its particular style.

However, roofs made of wood tiles are not always waterproof unlike those containing concrete tiles, but these pose other problems such as insulation, the weight of tiles or the aesthetic appearance.

The present invention aims to overcome one or more disadvantages of the prior art by creating a tile to improve the performance of a roof with a new geometry of wooden tile.

This objective is achieved thanks to a wooden tile characterized in that it has at least two recesses said main recesses each of which is formed on each longitudinal side of the tile, each of the two recesses being on an opposite face and each of the two recesses contains at least one groove said main groove whose width is less than the width of the recess containing the groove so that tiles of this type fit head to tail while leaving a play to the interlocking.

According to another feature of the invention, the tile is flat.

According to another feature of the invention, the tile has one or more grooves similar to the main grooves placed on the remaining edges and so that it is now possible to fit head to tail the new tiles in two directions of the plane defined by the tile.

According to another feature of the invention, the tile has a bore through the thickness allowing the passage of a fastening means of diameter equivalent to or greater than the diameter of the bore.

Another object of the invention is to provide an assembly method for improving the assembly performance, in particular by better control of the heat flow.

This objective is achieved by a method of assembling tiles leading to an arrangement of the tiles whose main recesses with respect to the surface of the tiles are along the line of greatest slope and such that the tiles according to the invention fit together head to tail.

According to another particularity of the invention, an assembly method is applied to rows of tiles defined as above, characterized in that these rows are superimposed along the line of greatest slope of the roof in the plane comprising the horizontal beams of the roof and in such a way that the lower surface part of the tiles of the upper row covers the upper surface of the tiles of the lower row.

According to another particularity of the invention, an assembly method is characterized in that, seen in projection, the main recesses of the tiles of a row are aligned with the main recesses of the tiles of another row after assembly.

According to another feature of the invention, an assembly method is characterized in that, seen in projection, the main recesses of the tiles of one row do not align with the main recesses of the tiles of another row after assembly.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a wooden tile to improve the assembly performance of this type of tile including better control of heat flow.

This objective is achieved by a method of manufacturing a wooden tile characterized in that the tile undergoes a milling operation to form a recess on two opposite sides, each recess being made on an opposite face of the tile and an operation. milling being performed in each recess of two grooves parallel to each other and opening on opposite sides.

• la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective d'un exemple de tuile plane avec perçage et avec un décrochement par rapport à la surface de la tuile et un sillon principal rectangulaire situés chacun sur deux côtés de la tuile selon l'invention ;
• la figure 2 représente une vue en perspective de l'emboîtement tête bêche de deux tuiles planes selon l'invention avec un décrochement par rapport à la surface de la tuile et un sillon principal rectangulaire situés chacun sur deux côtés de la tuile.
• La figure 3 représente une vue en coupe de l'emboîtement tête bêche de deux tuiles planes selon l'invention avec un exemple de sillon non rectangulaire.
• La figure 4 représente une vue en coupe de la disposition des rangées de tuiles entre elles lorsque celles-ci ont été placées sur les poutres de la toiture par l'intermédiaire de clous.
• La figure 5 représente, vu en projection, le toit après assemblage des tuiles lorsque les décrochements principaux de chaque rangée sont superposés.
• La figure 6 représente, vu en projection, le toit après assemblage des tuiles lorsque les décrochements principaux de chaque rangée sont décalés de la longueur correspondant à la moitié de celle d'une tuile dans la dimension perpendiculaire aux sillons principaux.

The invention, its characteristics and its advantages will appear more clearly on reading the description made with reference to the figures referenced below:

• the figure 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary planar tile with a bore and a recess relative to the surface of the tile and a rectangular main groove each located on two sides of the tile according to the invention;
• the figure 2 represents a perspective view of the interlocking head of two flat tiles according to the invention with a recess relative to the surface of the tile and a rectangular main groove each located on two sides of the tile.
• The figure 3 represents a sectional view of the head-to-tail engagement of two flat tiles according to the invention with an example of a non-rectangular groove.
• The figure 4 is a sectional view of the arrangement of rows of tiles together when they were placed on the roof beams by means of nails.
• The figure 5 represents, seen in projection, the roof after assembly of the tiles when the main recesses of each row are superimposed.
• The figure 6 represents, seen in projection, the roof after assembly of the tiles when the main recesses of each row are offset by the length corresponding to half of that of a tile in the dimension perpendicular to the main grooves.

The invention will now be described with reference to the figures mentioned above. In the following, the word tile refers to an object of any shape and any material for protecting the roofs from the weather.

On a flat tile according to the invention for example ( figure 1 ) are two recesses (2) relative to the surface of the tile, each is located on each longitudinal side, each of the two recesses is on an opposite face of the tile. A groove (3) is within each setback, the width of the grooves being less than that of the recess with it. The shape of each recess (2) as well as the shape of each groove (3) can simplify to be rectangular ( figure 1 ) but it is not limited as long as the assembly method head-to-tail remains valid ( figure 2 ).

The groove is sufficiently deep and sufficiently spaced from the corresponding longitudinal edge to prevent slippage of the tiles in the interlocking direction ( figure 2 ) or the breaking of one of the longitudinal edges of the tile for example.

The depth of the grooves allows a flow of water when the tiles are placed on the roof so that the grooves are in the direction of greater slope hence the sealing property in this type of assembly since the transversal flow is then greatly reduced.

Wood undergoing hygrometric and thermal stresses, it is necessary to adapt the geometry of the tile to the level of the interlocking. For this, the width L of the grooves (3) inside the recesses is at least greater than the width I of the shoulder of the recess giving a clearance (13) to the interlocking. This allows the tile to have the freedom to expand or retract transversely following these hygrometric and thermal constraints.

If the wood is very dry, for example between about 10% to 13% moisture, the wood must be soaked in clear water before laying on the roof.

The tile can be fastened to the roof by means of nails (4), screws, glue, adhesive or other.

The tile may be flat, in which case nail-type fastening means (4) may be provided over the entire surface of the tile whose opposite surface is in contact with a batten (5) of the roof. Avoid placing the nail too close to the edges of the tile if there is only one point of attachment so that there is a certain balance and avoid a rotational movement around the fixation because this movement could affect the performance of the fastener, especially when it comes to a screw that can loosen. The fixing means may not be located as in the case of an adhesive.

In addition, a single point of attachment is envisaged to leave free the variations in the dimensions of the tile due to expansion or retraction transverse tile. Indeed, two attachment points would have the effect of preventing free expansion or free retraction and thus degradation of the tile can be translated by a cracking of the tile and / or irreversible deformation thereof.

The tile can be, as before, characterized in that it has at least two recesses relative to the surface of the tile on the two remaining edges and one or more grooves similar to the main grooves placed in the new recesses, this of such so that it is possible to fit as in the invention the new tiles but this time following two directions of the plane defined by the tile. The new reliefs must not impede the interlocking, the new setbacks and furrows can not therefore be the length of the dimension of the corresponding tile, in which case the new recesses and furrows would cross the main recesses and furrows and create a problem of sealing with respect to the first type of interlocking. However, because of the problems of connection with other recesses and grooves, this type of arrangement can not be sealed simply by juxtaposition, unless using more complex means, joints or others.

According to another embodiment, the tile has a bore (6) passing through it in thickness, this drilling may be narrow, for example in the case of a nail (4), it may be of direction perpendicular to the plane of the tile in the case where it is flat in order to optimize the length of nail planted in the beam. Drilling will preferably be placed equidistant between the main recesses and positioned rather to one of the blank edges to optimize the balance of the tile on the attachment. The nail, for example, can be placed in the bore, so that its tip is directly in contact with the beam to save time during the nail crash phase. It also keeps the nails on all the tiles in a very simple way.

Drilling (6) also gives the possibility of replacing a defective tile without discovering the roof. Just remove the faulty tile splitting it in the wood grain. The screw or nail stays in place on the batten to center the new tile through its drilling. It is then possible to slip the new tile so that it can take the place of the old tile with a glue point under the new tile to keep it in place.

In the roof cut plane ( figure 4 ), the tiles are fixed on the horizontal laths (5) of the roof themselves attached to the rafters (12) through the screen (if any) under roof (11). The tiles are arranged in such a way that the lower surface of the lower part of the tiles of the upper row covers the upper surface of the upper part of the tiles of the lower row. The dimension in the direction of the main recesses of the tile must be greater than the spacing between two successive horizontal beams.

This type of assembly allows the rainwater to be guided by the main furrows. The main furrows having directions along the line of greater slope, the flow is realized naturally.

According to another embodiment, the rows of tiles assembled according to the invention can be superimposed as before ( figure 4 ) in such a way that the tiles of two successive rows seen in projection have their aligned main recesses ( figure 5 ). The lines of greatest slope observed in this view (9) correspond in fact to the inner part of one of the recesses relative to the surface of a tile. The dots (10) represent the edge of a tile located under another in the head-to-tail nesting.

According to another embodiment, the rows of tiles assembled according to the invention can be superimposed as before ( figure 4 ) so that the tiles of two successive rows (7) seen in projection have their main recesses offset by a length equal to that of half a tile in the direction of interlocking ( figure 6 ). The lines of greater slope observed in this view (9) still correspond in reality to the inner part of one of the main recesses.

The present invention has the qualities of concrete tiles, including their waterproofness thanks to the particular geometry of the new wooden tile. It also has the qualities of a wooden tile, that is to say, lighter, aesthetic, ecological and thermally insulating and sound. It allows thanks to its assembly device to avoid the two traditional layers that make up wooden roofs by alternating superposition of simple boards and thus saves wood and a lower cost.

It should be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention allows embodiments in many other specific forms without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed. Therefore, the present embodiments should be considered by way of illustration but may be modified in the field defined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (9)

Tile (1) made of wood characterized in that it has at least two recesses (2) said main recesses each of which is formed on each longitudinal side of the tile, each of the two recesses being on an opposite face and each of the two recesses. contains at least one groove (3) said main groove whose width is less than the width of the recess containing the groove so that tiles of this type fit head to tail while leaving a play (13) to the interlocking. Tile according to claim 1 characterized in that it is flat (1). Tile according to one of claims 1 and 2 characterized in that it has one or more grooves similar to the main grooves placed on the two remaining edges and so that it is possible to assemble the new tiles but this time following two directions of the plan. Tile according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that it has a bore (6) therethrough in thickness allowing the passage of a fastening means of diameter equivalent to or greater than the diameter of the bore. A method of assembling tiles according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the recesses relative to the surface of the tiles are in position of greater slope after interlocking head tiles. Assembly method according to claim 5 of tiles according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the rows (7) of tiles are superimposed along the line of greatest slope of the roof in the plane comprising the horizontal battens of the roof and in such a way that the lower surface of the lower part of the tiles of the upper row covers the upper surface of the upper part of the tiles of the lower row. Assembly method according to claim 5 of tiles according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that, seen in projection, the main recesses of the tiles of one row are aligned with the main recesses of the tiles of another row after assembly. A method of assembling tiles according to claim 5 tiles according to one of claims 1 or 2 characterized in that seen in projection the main recesses of the tiles of one row do not align with the main recesses of the tiles of another row after assembly. A method of manufacturing a wooden tile characterized in that the tile undergoes a milling operation to form a recess on two opposite sides of the tile, each recess being made on an opposite face of the tile and a milling operation in each recess being made to form two grooves parallel to each other and opening on opposite sides.

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