EP2074098A2 - Quinoline compounds - Google Patents

Quinoline compounds

Info

Publication number
EP2074098A2
EP2074098A2 EP07844372A EP07844372A EP2074098A2 EP 2074098 A2 EP2074098 A2 EP 2074098A2 EP 07844372 A EP07844372 A EP 07844372A EP 07844372 A EP07844372 A EP 07844372A EP 2074098 A2 EP2074098 A2 EP 2074098A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
trifluoromethyl
phenyl
quinoline
phenoxy
methylsulfonyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07844372A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ronald Charles Bernotas
Robert Ray Singhaus Jr.
John William Ullrich
David Harry Kaufman
Robert Lester Morris
Jay E. Wrobel
Baihua Hu
James Winfield Jetter
Michael David Collini
Jeremy Mark Travins
Ronald Louis Magolda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wyeth LLC
Original Assignee
Wyeth LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wyeth LLC filed Critical Wyeth LLC
Publication of EP2074098A2 publication Critical patent/EP2074098A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
    • C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D215/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D215/14—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • A61P15/08—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for gonadal disorders or for enhancing fertility, e.g. inducers of ovulation or of spermatogenesis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/04—Drugs for skeletal disorders for non-specific disorders of the connective tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
    • C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D215/18—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
    • C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D215/48—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to quino line-based modulators of Liver X receptors (LXRs) and related methods.
  • LXRs Liver X receptors
  • Atherosclerosis is among the leading causes of death in developed countries. Some of the independent risk factors associated with atherosclerosis include the presence of relatively high levels of serum LDL cholesterol and relatively low levels of serum HDL cholesterol in affected patients. As such, some anti-atherosclerotic therapy regimens include the administration of agents (e.g., statins) to reduce elevated serum LDL cholesterol levels.
  • agents e.g., statins
  • HDL cholesterol is believed to play a major role in the transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for metabolism and excretion (this process is sometimes referred to as "reverse cholesterol transport").
  • ABCAl is a transporter gene involved in HDL production and reverse cholesterol transport. Upregulation of ABCAl can therefore result in increased reverse cholesterol transport as well as inhibition of cholesterol absorption in the gut.
  • HDL is also believed to inhibit the oxidation of LDL cholesterol, reduce the inflammatory response of endothelial cells, inhibit the coagulation pathway, and promote the availability of nitric oxide.
  • LXRs Liver X receptors
  • LXRs are members of the nuclear hormone receptor super family and are believed to be involved in the regulation of cholesterol and lipid metabolism. LXRs are ligand-activated transcription factors and bind to DNA as obligate heterodimers with retinoid X receptors. While LXR ⁇ is generally found in tissues such as liver, kidney, adipose tissue, intestine and macrophages,
  • LXR ⁇ displays a ubiquitous tissue distribution pattern. Activation of LXRs by oxysterols (endogenous ligands) in macrophages results in the expression of several genes involved in lipid metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport including the aforementioned ABCAl; ABCGl; and ApoE.
  • LXR ⁇ knock-out (k/o) LXR ⁇ k/o
  • double k/o mice LXR ⁇ k/o mice to determine the physiological role of LXRs in lipid homeostasis and atherosclerosis. The data from these studies suggested that in double k/o mice on normal chow diet, increased cholesterol accumulation was observed in macrophages (foam cells) of the spleen, lung and arterial wall.
  • LXR ⁇ k/o mice did not appear to show significant changes in hepatic gene expression, LXR ⁇ k/o mice showed 58% decrease in hepatic ABCAl expression and 208% increase in SREBPIc expression suggesting that LXR ⁇ may be involved in the regulation of liver SREBPIc expression.
  • LXRs activation of LXRs results in the inhibition of inflammation and proinflammatory gene expression. This hypothesis is based on data obtained from studies employing three different models of inflammation (LPS-induced sepsis, acute contact dermatitis of the ear and chronic atherosclerotic inflammation of the artery wall). These data suggest that LXR modulators can mediate both the removal of cholesterol from the macrophages and the inhibition of vascular inflammation.
  • This invention relates generally to quino line-based modulators of LXRs and related methods and compositions.
  • this invention features a compound having formula (I):
  • R 1 hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, NH 2 , NH(Ci-C 6 alkyl), or N(Ci-C 6 alkyl) 2 ;
  • R 2 is:
  • X is -C(O)-; -O-; -S(O) r , wherein t is 0-2; -NR 9 -; -C(O)NR 9 -; -C(NH)NR 9 ; -C(O)O-; -CH 2 O-; -NR 9 SO 2 -; or -SO 2 NR 9 -, wherein R 9 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkyl; and R 8 is:
  • Ci-Ci 2 alkyl or Ci-Ci 2 haloalkyl each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-5 R a ; or
  • R 3 is C 6 -Ci 8 (e.g., C 6 -Ci 4 ) aryl or heteroaryl including 5-16 (e.g., 5-14) atoms, each of which is:
  • R 10 is WA, wherein:
  • W at each occurrence is, independently, a bond; -O-; -S(O) t -, wherein t is 0-2; -NR 9 -; -C(O)NR 9 -; Ci_ 6 alkylene; or C 2 . 6 alkynylene; -W 1 Cd -6 alkylene)-; or -(Ci_ 6 alkylene ⁇ 1 -; W 1 at each occurrence is, independently, -O-; -S(O) r , wherein t is 0-2;
  • a at each occurrence is, independently: (i) C 6 -Ci 0 aryl, which is: (a) substituted with from 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, or 1, e.g., 1-2) R f ; and
  • R f (a) substituted with from 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, or 1, e.g., 1-2) R f or includes a substituted ring atom selected from the group consisting of S(O) and SO 2 ;
  • (b) is optionally substituted with from 1 -4 R e ; provided that the heteroaryl including 5-10 atoms is not [l,2,4]-oxadiazolyl; or
  • arylazacyclyl including 8-12 atoms each of which is: (a) substituted with from 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, or 1, e.g., 1-2) R f , and
  • each of R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 is, independently: (i) hydrogen; or (ii) R c ; or
  • R a at each occurrence is, independently:
  • NR k C(O)R -C(NR')R; -OC(O)NR s R h ; -NR k C(O)NR s R h ; -NR k C(O)OR; -S(O) n R m , wherein n is 1 or 2; -NR k S(O) n R m ; or -P(O)(OR s )(OR h ); or
  • R a at each occurrence is, independently, NR s R h ; nitro; azido; hydroxy; oxo; cyano; - C(O)R J , -C(O)OR; -OC(O)R; -C(O)SR; -SC(O)R; -C(S)SR; -SC(S)R; -C(0)NR s R h ; - NR k C(0)R; -C(NR')R; -0C(0)NR s R h ; -NR k C(O
  • R b at each occurrence is, independently:
  • NR k C(O)R -C(NR')R; -OC(O)NR s R h ; -NR k C(0)NR s R h ; -NR k C(O)OR; -S(O) n R m , wherein n is 1 or 2; -NR k S(O) n R m ; or -P(O)(OR s )(OR h ); or
  • Ci-C 20 alkyl or Ci-C 20 haloalkyl each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-10 R a ; or
  • C 2 -C 20 alkenyl or C 2 -C 20 alkynyl each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-10 R c ; or
  • R b at each occurrence is, independently, R a ; halo; Ci-C 20 alkoxy or Ci-C 20 haloalkoxy, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-10 R a ; C 6 -CiS aryloxy or heteroaryloxy including 5-16 atoms, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-10
  • Ci-C 20 alkyl or Ci-C 20 haloalkyl each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-10 R a ; C 2 -C 2 O alkenyl; C 2 -C 20 alkynyl; or C 6 -Ci 8 aryl or heteroaryl including 5-16 atoms, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-10 R d ;
  • R d at each occurrence is, independently:
  • Ci-C 2O alkyl or Ci-C 2O haloalkyl each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-10 R a ;
  • R d at each occurrence is, independently, halo; NR s R h ; nitro; azido; hydroxy; Ci-C 20 alkyl, Ci-C 20 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 20 alkenyl; C 2 -C 20 alkynyl; C 3 -C 20 cycloalkyl; C 3 -C 20 cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl including 3-20 atoms; heterocycloalkenyl including 3-20 atoms; C 7 -C 20 aralkyl; heteroaralkyl including 6-20 atoms; Ci-C 20 alkoxy; Ci-C 20 haloalkoxy; C 6 -Cig aryloxy; heteroaryloxy; C 7 -C 20 aralkoxy; heteroaralkoxy including 6-20 atoms; C 3 -Ci 6 cycloalkoxy; C 3 -C 20 cycloalkenyloxy; heterocyclyloxy including 3-20 atoms; hetero
  • R e at each occurrence is, independently, Ci-C 6 alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-3 R a ; Ci-C 6 haloalkyl; phenyl; 4-fluorophenyl; halo; hydroxyl; NR s R h ; nitro; C 2 -C 6 alkenyl; C 2 -C 6 alkynyl; Ci-C 6 alkoxy; Ci-C 6 haloalkoxy; cyano; or -C(O)R;
  • R f at each occurrence is, independently:
  • n at each occurrence is, independently, 0, 1, or 2 (e.g., 1 or 2); or (ii) -NR k C(O)NR s R ⁇ -NR k C(O)OR, -OC(O)NR s R h , or -OC(O)OR; or (iii) heterocyclyl including 5-10 atoms that is substituted with from 1-2 oxo and optionally substituted with from 1 -3 R e ; or
  • heterocycloalkenyl including 5-10 atoms or lH-benzoimidazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1 -3 R e ; or (v) -YR f , wherein Y at each occurrence is, independently, Ci-C 6 alkylene, -O-, or -
  • R f at each occurrence is, independently:
  • heterocyclyl including 5-10 atoms that is substituted with from 1-2 oxo and optionally substituted with from 1 -3 R e ;
  • heterocycloalkenyl including 5-10 atoms or lH-benzoimidazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1 -3 R e ;
  • each of R s , R h , R 1 , and R k , at each occurrence is, independently: (i) hydrogen; or
  • R J at each occurrence is, independently: (i) hydrogen; or
  • R m at each occurrence is, independently, R J , OR J , or NR s R h ;
  • R n at each occurrence is, independently, R J or NR s R h ;
  • this invention features a compound of formula (I), in which:
  • R 1 is hydrogen or Ci-Ce alkyl
  • X is -C(O)-; -O-; -S(O) r , wherein t is 0-2; -NR 9 -; -C(O)NR 9 -; -C(O)O-; -CH 2 O-; or -SO 2 NR 9 -, wherein R 9 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkyl; each of R s , R h , R 1 , and R k , at each occurrence is, independently: (i) hydrogen; or
  • Ci-C 2 O alkyl or Ci-C 2 O haloalkyl each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-10 R a ;
  • this invention features any of the specific quinoline compounds delineated herein (e.g., as shown in the Examples).
  • the compound compound can be selected from the group consisting of the title compounds of Examples 43- 190, 192-198, 201, 202, 204-210, 212-217, 220-223, 226, 229-257, 259-267, 269-272, 274- 365, 367-370, 372, 374-391, 394-396, 400, 402-593, and 595-597, and each of the title compounds in Examples 397-399, 401, and 598-600.
  • title compound refers to (i) the compound name heading a particular example or (ii) each of the compound names delineated in Examples 397, 399, 401, and 598-600.
  • title compound is the final product of that multi-step synthesis.
  • Example 43 the title compound of Example 43 is "4- ⁇ 3-[3-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl ⁇ -3-methyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline," and one of the title compounds of Example 397 is "4-[3'-(ethylsulfonyl)-4'-methylbiphenyl-3-yl]-3- methyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline.”
  • this invention features a pharmaceutical composition, which includes a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a salt
  • the composition can include an effective amount of the compound or the salt thereof. In some embodiments, the composition can further include an additional therapeutic agent.
  • the invention also relates generally to modulating (e.g., activating) LXRs with the quinoline compounds described herein.
  • the methods can include, e.g., contacting an LXR in a sample (e.g., a tissue, a cell free assay medium, a cell-based assay medium) with a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof).
  • the methods can include administering a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) to a subject (e.g., a mammal, e.g., a human, e.g., a human having or at risk of having one or more of the diseases or disorders described herein).
  • this invention also relates generally to methods of preventing or treating (e.g., controlling, ameliorating, alleviating, slowing the progression of, delaying the onset of, or reducing the risk of developing) one or more LXR-mediated diseases or disorders in a subject (e.g., a subject in need thereof).
  • the methods include administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • LXR-mediated diseases or disorders can include, e.g., cardiovascular diseases (e.g., acute coronary syndrome, restenosis), atherosclerosis, atherosclerotic lesions, type I diabetes, type II diabetes, Syndrome X, obesity, lipid disorders (e.g., dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL and high LDL), cognitive disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, dementia), inflammatory diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, endometriosis, LPS- induced sepsis, acute contact dermatitis of the ear, chronic atherosclerotic inflammation of the artery wall), celiac, thyroiditis, skin aging or connective tissue diseases.
  • cardiovascular diseases e.g., acute coronary syndrome, restenosis
  • atherosclerosis e.g., atherosclerosis, atherosclerotic les
  • this invention relates to methods of modulating (e.g., increasing) serum HDL cholesterol levels in a subject (e.g., a subject in need thereof), which includes administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • this invention relates to methods of modulating (e.g., decreasing) serum LDL cholesterol levels in a subject (e.g., a subject in need thereof), which includes administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • this invention relates to methods of modulating (e.g., increasing) reverse cholesterol transport in a subject (e.g., a subject in need thereof), which includes administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • this invention relates to methods of modulating (e.g., decreasing or inhibiting) cholesterol absorption in a subject (e.g., a subject in need thereof), which includes administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • this invention relates to methods of preventing or treating a cardiovascular disease (e.g., acute coronary syndrome, restenosis), which includes administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • a cardiovascular disease e.g., acute coronary syndrome, restenosis
  • this invention relates to methods of preventing or treating atherosclerosis and/or atherosclerotic lesions, which includes administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • this invention relates to methods of preventing or treating diabetes (e.g., type I diabetes or type II diabetes), which includes administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • diabetes e.g., type I diabetes or type II diabetes
  • this invention relates to methods of preventing or treating Syndrome X, which includes administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • this invention relates to methods of preventing or treating obesity, which includes administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • this invention relates to methods of preventing or treating a lipid disorder (e.g., dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL and/or high LDL), which includes administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • a lipid disorder e.g., dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL and/or high LDL
  • this invention relates to methods of preventing or treating a cognitive disorder (e.g., Alzheimer's disease or dementia), which includes administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • a cognitive disorder e.g., Alzheimer's disease or dementia
  • administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • this invention relates to methods of preventing or treating dementia, which includes administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • this invention relates to methods of preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease, which includes administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • this invention relates to methods of preventing or treating an inflammatory disease (e.g., multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, endometriosis, LPS-induced sepsis, acute contact dermatitis of the ear, chronic atherosclerotic inflammation of the artery wall), which includes administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • an inflammatory disease e.g., multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, endometriosis, LPS-induced sepsis, acute contact dermatitis of the ear, chronic atherosclerotic inflammation of the artery wall
  • this invention relates to methods of preventing or treating rheumatoid arthritis, which includes administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • this invention relates to methods of preventing or treating celiac, which includes administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • this invention relates to methods of preventing or treating thyroiditis, which includes administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • this invention relates to methods of treating a connective tissue disease (e.g., osteoarthritis or tendonitis), which includes administering to a subject (e.g., a mammal, e.g., a human) in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • a subject e.g., a mammal, e.g., a human
  • the compound of formula (I) inhibits (e.g., reduces or otherwise diminishes) cartilage degradation.
  • the compound of formula (I) induces (e.g., increases or otherwise agments) cartilage regeneration.
  • the compound of formula (I) inhibits (e.g., reduces or otherwise diminishes) cartilage degradation and induces (e.g., increases or otherwise agments) cartilage regeneration. In embodiments, the compound of formula (I) inhibits (e.g., reduces or otherwise diminishes) aggrecanase activity. In embodiments, the compound of formula (I) inhibits (e.g., reduces or otherwise diminishes) elaboration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in osteoarthritic lesions.
  • this invention relates to methods of treating or preventing skin aging, the method comprising administering (e.g., topically administering) to a subject (e.g., a mammal, e.g., a human) in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I)
  • the skin aging can be derived from chronological aging, photoaging, steroid-induced skin thinning, or a combination thereof.
  • skin aging includes conditions derived from intrinsic chronological aging (for example, deepened expression lines, reduction of skin thickness, inelasticity, and/or unblemished smooth surface), those derived from photoaging (for example, deep wrinkles, yellow and leathery surface, hardening of the skin, elastosis, roughness, dyspigmentations (age spots) and/or blotchy skin), and those derived from steroid- induced skin thinning.
  • another aspect is a method of counteracting UV photodamage, which includes contacting a skin cell exposed to UV light with an effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
  • the compound of formula (I) does not substantially increase serum and/or hepatic triglyceride levels of the subject.
  • the administered compound of formula (I) can be an LXR agonist (e.g., an LXR ⁇ agonist or an LXR ⁇ agonist, e.g., an LXR ⁇ agonist).
  • an LXR agonist e.g., an LXR ⁇ agonist or an LXR ⁇ agonist, e.g., an LXR ⁇ agonist.
  • the subject can be a subject in need thereof (e.g., a subject identified as being in need of such treatment). Identifying a subject in need of such treatment can be in the judgment of a subject or a health care professional and can be subjective (e.g. opinion) or objective (e.g. measurable by a test or diagnostic method).
  • the subject can be a mammal. In certain embodiments, the subject is a human.
  • this invention also relates to methods of making compounds described herein.
  • the method includes taking any one of the intermediate compounds described herein and reacting it with one or more chemical reagents in one or more steps to produce a compound described herein.
  • this invention relates to a packaged product.
  • the packaged product includes a container, one of the aforementioned compounds in the container, and a legend (e.g., a label or an insert) associated with the container and indicating administration of the compound for treatment and control of the diseases or disorders described herein.
  • a legend e.g., a label or an insert
  • Embodiments can include one or more of the following features.
  • R 3 is C 6 -C 14 aryl, which is: (i) substituted with from 1-2 R 10 , and (ii) optionally substituted with from 1-4 R e ;
  • a at each occurrence is, independently, C 6 -Ci 0 aryl, which is: (a) substituted with from 1-2 R f ; and (b) optionally substituted with from 1-4 R e ; and
  • R f at each occurrence is, independently: (i) -S(O) n R 1 , -(CH 2 ) L6 S(O) n R 11 , -NR k S(O) n R n , or -OS(O) n R 1 , wherein n at each occurrence is, independently, O, 1, or 2 (e.g., 1 or 2); or
  • R 3 is heteroaryl including 5-14 atoms, which is: (i) substituted with from 1-2 R 10 , and
  • R f optionally substituted with from 1 -4 R e ; and A at each occurrence is, independently, C 6 -Ci 0 aryl, which is: (a) substituted with from 1-2 R f ; and (b) optionally substituted with from 1-4 R e ; and R f at each occurrence is, independently:
  • R 3 is C 6 -Ci 4 aryl, which is: (i) substituted with from 1-2 R 10 , and (ii) optionally substituted with from 1 -4 R e ; and
  • a at each occurrence is, independently, heteroaryl including 5-10 atoms, which is:
  • (b) is optionally substituted with from 1 -4 R e ; provided that the heteroaryl including 5-10 atoms is not optionally substituted [1,2,4]- oxadiazolyl; and
  • R f at each occurrence is, independently:
  • n at each occurrence is, independently, 1 or 2; or (ii) -NR k C(0)NR s R ⁇ -NR k C(0)0R, -0C(0)NR s R h , or -OC(O)OR; or
  • R 3 is C 6 -Ci 4 aryl, which is: (i) substituted with from 1-2 R 10 , and (ii) optionally substituted with from 1 -4 R e ; and A at each occurrence is, independently, C 6 -Ci 0 aryl, which is: (a) substituted with from 1-2 R f ; and (b) optionally substituted with from 1-4 R e ; and
  • R f at each occurrence is, independently:
  • heterocyclyl including 5-10 atoms that is substituted with from 1-2 oxo and optionally substituted with from 1 -3 R e ; or (iv) heterocycloalkenyl including 5-10 atoms or lH-benzoimidazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1 -3 R e ; or
  • RR 33 U is C 6 -Ci 4 aryl, which is: (i) substituted with from 1-2 R 10 , and (ii) optionally substituted with from 1-4 R e ; and A at each occurrence is, independently, arylazacyclyl including 8-12 atoms, each of which is: (a) substituted with from 1-2 R f , and (b) optionally substituted with from 1-4 R e ; and
  • R f at each occurrence is, independently: (i) -S(O) n R n , -(CH 2 ) L6 S(O) n R 11 , -NR k S(O) n R n , or -OS(O) n R 1 , wherein n at each occurrence is, independently, 1 or 2; or
  • R 3 is C 6 -C 14 aryl, which is: (i) substituted with from 1-2 R 10 , and (ii) optionally substituted with from 1-4 R e ; and
  • a at each occurrence is, independently, arylsulfinylcyclyl, heteroarylsulfinylcyclyl, arylsulfonylcyclyl or heteroarylsulfonylcyclyl, each of which includes 8-10 atoms and is optionally substituted with from 1 -4 R e ; or
  • R 3 is C 6 -C 14 aryl, which is: (i) substituted with from 1-2 R 10 , and (ii) optionally substituted with from 1 -4 R e ; and
  • a at each occurrence is, independently, [l,2,4]-oxadiazolyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R e .
  • R 1 can be hydrogen.
  • R 2 can be hydrogen.
  • R 2 can be: (ii) Ci-C 6 alkyl that is optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a ; or (iii) C 7 - Cio aralkyl that is optionally substituted with from 1-3 R b ; or (vii) -XR 8 .
  • R 2 can be Ci-C 6 alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a (e.g., R 2 can be CH 3 ; or CH 2 CH 3 or CH(CH 3 ) 2 ).
  • R a can be NR s R h or hydroxyl.
  • R 2 can be CH 2 NR s R h .
  • R 2 can be C 7 -CiO aralkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-3 R b (e.g., R 2 can be benzyl).
  • R 2 can be cyano.
  • R 2 can be XR 8 (e.g., -SO 2 CH 3 , C(O)NH 2 , C(O)OH, or C(O)OEt).
  • R 3 can be C 6 -Ci 0 aryl, which is (a) substituted with from 1-2 (e.g., 1) R 10 ; and (b) optionally substituted with from 1 -2 R e .
  • R can be phenyl, which is (a) substituted with 1 R 10 ; and (b) optionally substituted with from 1 -2 R e .
  • R 3 can be phenyl, which is substituted with 1 R 10 .
  • R can have formula A as described herein in which W and A can be as defined anywhere herein (generically, subgenerically, or specifically):
  • R 3 can have formula (A-4):
  • R 3 can be heteroaryl including 5-10 atoms, which is (i) substituted with 1 R 10 , and (ii) optionally substituted with from 1 -2 R e .
  • R can be pyridyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, or pyrazolyl, which is (i) substituted with 1 R 10 , and (ii) optionally substituted with from 1-2 R e .
  • W can be -O-.
  • W can be a bond.
  • W can be Ci-C 3 alkylene (e.g., -CH 2 -).
  • W can be C 2 -C 4 alkynylene (e.g., -OC-).
  • W can be -0(C 1 -C 3 alkylene)- or -(C 1 -C 3 alkylene)O- (e.g., - OCH 2 - or -CH 2 O-).
  • W can be -0-, a bond, -0(C 1 -C 3 alkylene)-, and -(C 1 -C 3 alkylene)O-.
  • A can be: (i) phenyl, which is (a) substituted with 1 R f , and (b) optionally substituted with from 1-2 R e ; or (ii) heteroaryl including 5-8 atoms, which is (a) substituted with 1 R f , and (b) optionally substituted with from 1-3 R e , provided that the heteroaryl including 5-8 atoms is not [l,2,4]-oxadiazolyl; or (iii) tetrahydroquinolyl or tetrahydroisoquinolyl, which is (a) substituted with from 1 R f , and (b) optionally substituted with from 1 -2 R e .
  • R f can be -S(O) n R 1 (e.g., R f can be -SO 2 R n ).
  • R n can be C 1 -C 1 O alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a .
  • R n can be unsubstituted C 1 -C 3 alkyl (e.g., R n can be CH 3 ).
  • R n can be C 2 -C 8 alkyl or C 3 -C 8 alkyl substituted with 1-2 (e.g., 1) R a .
  • R a can be hydroxyl; C 1 -C 3 alkoxy; NR s R h ; aryl heterocyclyl including 8-10 atoms optionally substituted with from 1-3 R b (e.g., oxo); or C(O)OR J ; or R a can be hydroxyl; C 1 -C3 alkoxy; NR s R h ; halo; arylheterocyclyl including 8-10 atoms, optionally substituted with from 1-3 R b ; cyano; or C(O)OR.
  • R n can be NR s R h .
  • R s and R h can each be, independently, hydrogen; Ci-Ci 0 alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a ; C 7 -Ci 0 aralkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-3 R b ; or -C(O)R.
  • R s and R h are each, independently, hydrogen; Ci -C 6 unsubstituted alkyl; C 2 -C 8 alkyl substituted with hydroxyl or Ci-C 3 alkoxy; benzyl; or -C(O)CH 3 .
  • R n can be heterocyclyl including 5-10 atoms, optionally substituted with from 1-5 R b .
  • R n can be morpholin-4-yl, 1 -piperidyl, piperazin- 1 -yl, or pyrrolidin- 1 -yl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-3 R b .
  • R n can be C 7 -Ci 0 aralkyl or C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-5 R b .
  • R n can be C 2 -Ci 0 alkenyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R c .
  • R n can be C 6 -Ci 0 aryl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R d .
  • R f can be -NR k C(O)NR s R h , -NR k C(O)OR; or -NR k S(O) n R n .
  • R k can be hydrogen.
  • R h , and R can each be, independently, hydrogen; Ci-C 6 alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a ; or C 6 -Ci 0 aryl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R d .
  • R n can be Ci-C 6 alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a ; or C 6 -Ci 0 aryl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R d .
  • R f can be heterocyclyl including 5-7 atoms that is substituted with 1 oxo and optionally substituted with from 1 -2 R e .
  • R f can be heterocycloalkenyl including 5-7 atoms or lH-benzoimidazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1 -2 R e .
  • R f can be 4,5-dihydrooxazolyl, 2-oxo-imidazolidinyl, 4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazolyl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyrimidinyl, 5,6-dihydro-2H-[l,3]oxazinyl, or 2-oxo-oxazolidinyl.
  • R f can be lH-benzoimidazolyl.
  • R e at each occurrence can be, independently, halo, Ci-C 3 alkyl, Ci-C 3 haloalkyl, Ci- C 3 alkoxy, NR s R h , phenyl, or 4-fluorophenyl.
  • R can have formula D:
  • W is a bond; -O-; Ci_ 3 alkylene; C 2 _ 4 alkynylene; -O(Ci_ 3 alkylene)-; or -(C ⁇ alkylene)O-; one of R fl , R Q , R G , R f4 , and R ⁇ is:
  • heterocycloalkenyl including 5-10 atoms or lH-benzoimidazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1 -3 R e ; or
  • R fl , R ⁇ , R G , R f4 , and R ⁇ can be: (i) -S(O) n R n or -NR k S(O) n R n ; or (ii) - NR k C(0)NR s R h or -NR k C(0)0R; or (iii) heterocyclyl including 5-7 atoms that is substituted with from 1 oxo and optionally substituted with from 1 -2 R e ; or (iv) heterocycloalkenyl including 5-7 atoms or lH-benzoimidazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-2 R e ; and the other four can each be, independently, hydrogen, halo, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, Ci-C 3 alkoxy, or NR s R h .
  • R fl , R ⁇ , R G , R f4 , and R f5 can be hydrogen.
  • R Q can be: (i) -S(O) n R n or -NR k S(O) n R n ; or (ii) -NR k C(0)NR s R h or -NR k C(0)0R; or (iii) heterocyclyl including 5-7 atoms that is substituted with from 1 oxo and optionally substituted with from 1-2 R e ; or (iv) heterocycloalkenyl including 5-7 atoms or IH- benzoimidazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-2 R e ; and R fl , R G , R f4 , and R ⁇ can each be, independently, hydrogen, halo, Ci-C 3 alkyl, Ci-C 3 haloalkyl, Ci-C 3 alkoxy, or NR s R h .
  • R fl , R G , R f4 , and R ⁇ can be hydrogen.
  • R ⁇ can be -SO 2 R n .
  • R Q can be: (i) heterocyclyl including 5-7 atoms that is substituted with 1 oxo and optionally substituted with from 1-2 R e ; or (ii) heterocycloalkenyl including 5-7 atoms or, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-2 R e .
  • R Q can be 4,5- dihydrooxazolyl, 2-oxo-imidazolidinyl, 4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazolyl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydro- pyrimidinyl, 5,6-dihydro-2H-[l,3]oxazinyl, or 2-oxo-oxazolidinyl.
  • R 2f can be lH-benzoimidazolyl.
  • R 3 can have formula D- 1 :
  • R can be hydrogen or R e (e.g., halo, e.g., fluoro, or chloro);
  • W can be as defined anywhere herein (e.g., -O- or a bond); each of R ⁇ 2 and R ⁇ 3 is, independently, hydrogen or R e ; and one of R A24 and R A25 is R f (e.g., -SO 2 R n ), and the other is hydrogen or R e .
  • R A22 , R A23 , R A24 , and R A25 is provided that only one of R A22 , R A23 , R A24 , and R A25 is
  • R 3 can be heteroaryl including 5-10 (e.g., 5-6) atoms, which is (i) substituted with 1 R 10 , and (ii) optionally substituted with from 1 -2 R e ; and W can be a bond; and A can have formula (B-9):
  • each of R ⁇ 2 and R ⁇ 3 is, independently, hydrogen or R e ; and one of R A24 and R A25 is R f (e.g., -SO 2 R n ), and the other is hydrogen or R e ;
  • R 3 can have formula (A-4);
  • W can be a bond
  • A can be heteroaryl including 5-8 atoms, which is (a) substituted with 1 R f (e.g., - SO 2 R 11 ), and (b) optionally substituted with from 1 -3 R e , provided that the heteroaryl including 5-8 atoms is not [l,2,4]-oxadiazolyl.
  • R can have formula (A-4);
  • W can be a bond
  • A can be tetrahydroquinolyl or tetrahydroisoquinolyl, which is (a) substituted with 1 R f (e.g., -SO 2 R 1 ), and (b) optionally substituted with from 1-2 R e .
  • R 3 can have formula (A-4);
  • W can be a bond
  • A can be benzo[b]thienyl- 1,1 -dioxide, 3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyrano[2,3-b]pyridyl-l,l- dioxide, or 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]thienyl- 1,1 -dioxide, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-3 R e .
  • R 3 can have formula D-I;
  • R 32 can be hydrogen or R e (e.g., halo, e.g., fluoro, or chloro); and
  • W can be as defined anywhere herein (e.g., -O- or a bond); each of R ⁇ 2 and R ⁇ 3 is, independently, hydrogen or R e ; and one of R A24 and R A25 is R f , e.g.:
  • heterocyclyl including 5-7 atoms that is substituted with 1 oxo and optionally substituted with from 1 -2 R e ;
  • heterocycloalkenyl including 5-7 atoms or lH-benzoimidazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1 -2 R e ; and the other is hydrogen or R e .
  • R A22 , R A23 , R A24 , and R A25 is provided that only one of R A22 , R A23 , R A24 , and R A25 is
  • R can have formula (E) or (F) as defined anywhere herein.
  • R 32 can be hydrogen.
  • R 32 can be halo (e.g., chloro or fluoro).
  • A can be benzo[b]thienyl- 1,1 -dioxide, 3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyrano[2,3-b]pyridyl-l,l- dioxide, or 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]thienyl- 1,1 -dioxide, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-3 R e .
  • R e at each occurrence can be, independently, halo; C 1 -C 3 alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a ; C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl; C 1 -C 3 alkoxy; hydroxyl; nitro; cyano; NR s R h ; phenyl; or 4-fluorophenyl.
  • Each of R 4 , R 5 and R 6 can be hydrogen or fluoro. Each of R 4 , R 5 and R 6 can be hydrogen. Each of R 4 , R 5 and R 6 can be hydrogen, and R 7 can be other than hydrogen. R 7 can be chloro, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C(O)OR,
  • R 7 can be C 1 -C 6 (e.g., C 1 -C 3 ) haloalkyl (e.g., CF 3 ).
  • R 7 can be halo (e.g., chloro or bromo, preferably chloro).
  • R 7 can be SO 2 R 111 .
  • R m can be CH 3 .
  • R 7 can be hydrogen or cyano. In some embodiments, it is provided that when R f is SO 2 R n and R n is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, then R 7 is other than fluoro.
  • the compounds can have formula (III) or (V) as defined anywhere herein.
  • mammal includes organisms, which include mice, rats, cows, sheep, pigs, rabbits, goats, horses, monkeys, dogs, cats, and humans.
  • an effective amount refers to an amount of a compound that confers a therapeutic effect (e.g., treats, controls, ameliorates, prevents, delays the onset of, or reduces the risk of developing a disease, disorder, or condition or symptoms thereof) on the treated subject.
  • the therapeutic effect may be objective (i.e., measurable by some test or marker) or subjective (i.e., subject gives an indication of or feels an effect).
  • An effective amount of the compound described above may range from about 0.01 mg/Kg to about 1000 mg/Kg, (e.g., from about 0.1 mg/Kg to about 100 mg/Kg, from about 1 mg/Kg to about 100 mg/Kg). Effective doses will also vary depending on route of administration, as well as the possibility of co-usage with other agents.
  • halo refers to any radical of fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • substituent (radical) prefix names are derived from the parent hydride by either (i) replacing the "ane” in the parent hydride with the suffixes "yl,” “diyl,” “triyl,” “tetrayl,” etc.; or (ii) replacing the "e” in the parent hydride with the suffixes "yl,” “diyl,” “triyl,” “tetrayl,” etc.
  • alkyl refers to a saturated hydrocarbon chain that may be a straight chain or branched chain, containing the indicated number of carbon atoms (e.g., Ci-C 2O , Ci-Ci 0 ).
  • Ci-C 20 alkyl indicates that the group may have from 1 to 20 (inclusive) carbon atoms in it. Any atom can be substituted.
  • alkyl groups include without limitation methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zsopropyl, and tert-butyl.
  • cycloalkyl refers to saturated monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or other polycyclic hydrocarbon groups (e.g., C 3 -C 20 , C 3 -Ci 0 , C 3 -C 6 ). Any atom can be substituted, e.g., by one or more substituents.
  • a ring carbon serves as the point of attachment of a cycloalkyl group to another moiety.
  • Cycloalkyl groups can contain fused rings. Fused rings are rings that share a common carbon atom.
  • Cycloalkyl moieties can include, e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, adamantyl, and norbornyl (bicycle[2.2.1]heptyl).
  • alkylene alkenylene
  • haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group (e.g., Ci-C 20 , e.g., Ci-Ci 0 ), in which at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by halo.
  • more than one hydrogen atom (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,etc. hydrogen atoms) on a alkyl group can be replaced by more than one halogen (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, etc. halogen atoms).
  • the hydrogen atoms can each be replaced by the same halogen (e.g., fluoro) or the hydrogen atoms can be replaced by a combination of different halogens (e.g., fluoro and chloro).
  • Haloalkyl also includes alkyl moieties in which all hydrogens have been replaced by halo (e.g., perhaloalkyl, e.g., perfluoroalkyl, such as trifluoromethyl).
  • aralkyl refers to an alkyl moiety in which an alkyl hydrogen atom is replaced by an aryl group.
  • One of the carbons of the alkyl moiety serves as the point of attachment of the aralkyl group to another moiety.
  • Aralkyl includes groups in which more than one hydrogen atom on an alkyl moiety has been replaced by an aryl group. Any ring or chain atom can be substituted e.g., by one or more substituents.
  • Non- limiting examples of “aralkyl” include benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, benzhydryl (diphenylmethyl), and trityl (triphenylmethyl) groups.
  • heterooaralkyl e.g., 5-16 atoms, 5-14 atoms, 5-10 atoms, 5-6 atoms
  • One of the carbons of the alkyl moiety serves as the point of attachment of the aralkyl group to another moiety.
  • Heteroaralkyl includes groups in which more than one hydrogen atom on an alkyl moiety has been replaced by a heteroaryl group. Any ring or chain atom can be substituted e.g., by one or more substituents. Heteroaralkyl can include, for example, 2- pyridylethyl.
  • alkenyl refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain containing 2-20 (e.g., 2-12, 2-10, 2-6, 2-4) carbon atoms and having one or more double bonds. Any atom can be substituted, e.g., by one or more substituents.
  • Alkenyl groups can include internal or terminal double bond containing, e.g., allyl, 1-butenyl, 2-hexenyl and 3-octenyl groups. One of the double bond carbons can optionally be the point of attachment of the alkenyl substituent.
  • alkynyl refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain containing 2-20 (e.g., 2-12, 2-10, 2-6, 2-4) carbon atoms and having one or more triple bonds. Any atom can be substituted, e.g., by one or more substituents.
  • Alkynyl groups can include internal or terminal triple bond containing moieties, e.g., ethynyl, propargyl, and 3-hexynyl.
  • One of the triple bond carbons can optionally be the point of attachment of the alkynyl substituent.
  • alkoxy refers to an -O-alkyl radical.
  • mercapto refers to an SH radical.
  • thioalkoxy refers to an -S-alkyl radical.
  • aryloxy and heteroaryloxy refer to an -O-aryl radical and -O-heteroaryl radical, respectively.
  • thioaryloxy and thioheteroaryloxy refer to an -S-aryl radical and -S-heteroaryl radical, respectively.
  • aralkoxy and “heteroaralkoxy” refer to an -O-aralkyl radical and -O- heteroaralkyl radical, respectively.
  • thioaralkoxy and “thioheteroaralkoxy” refer to an -S-aralkyl radical and -S-heteroaralkyl radical, respectively.
  • cycloalkoxy refers to an -O-cycloalkyl radical.
  • cycloalkenyloxy and “heterocycloalkenyloxy” refer to an -O-cycloalkenyl radical and -O-heterocycloalkenyl radical, respectively.
  • heterocyclyloxy refers to an -O-heterocyclyl radical.
  • thiocycloalkoxy refers to an -S-cycloalkyl radical.
  • thiocycloalkenyloxy and “thioheterocycloalkenyloxy” refer to an -S-cycloalkenyl radical and -S-heterocycloalkenyl radical, respectively.
  • thioheterocyclyloxy refers to an -S-heterocyclyl radical.
  • heterocyclyl refers to a saturated monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or other polycyclic ring system having 1-4 heteroatoms if monocyclic, 1-8 heteroatoms if bicyclic, or 1-10 heteroatoms if tricyclic, said heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S (and mono and dioxides thereof, e.g., N ⁇ O ⁇ , S(O), SO 2 ).
  • a heterocyclyl ring includes carbon atoms and 1-4, 1-8, or 1-10 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S if monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic, respectively.
  • a ring heteroatom or ring carbon is the point of attachment of the heterocyclyl substituent to another moiety. Any atom can be substituted, e.g., by one or more substituents.
  • the heterocyclyl groups can contain fused rings. Fused rings are rings that share a common carbon or nitrogen atom.
  • Heterocyclyl groups can include, e.g., tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperidyl (piperidino), piperazinyl, morpholinyl (morpholino), pyrrolinyl, and pyrrolidinyl.
  • cycloalkenyl refers to partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or other polycyclic hydrocarbon groups (e.g., C 3 -C 2O , C 3 -Ci 0 , C 3 -C 6 ).
  • a ring carbon e.g., saturated or unsaturated is the point of attachment of the cycloalkenyl substituent. Any atom can be substituted e.g., by one or more substituents.
  • the cycloalkenyl groups can contain fused rings. Fused rings are rings that share a common carbon atom. Cycloalkenyl moieties can include, e.g., cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, or norbornenyl.
  • heterocycloalkenyl refers to partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or other polycyclic hydrocarbon groups having 1-4 heteroatoms if monocyclic, 1-8 heteroatoms if bicyclic, or 1-10 heteroatoms if tricyclic, said heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S (and mono and dioxides thereof, e.g., N ⁇ O ⁇ , S(O), SO 2 ) (e.g., carbon atoms and 1-4, 1-8, or 1-10 heteroatoms of N, O, or S if monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic, respectively).
  • a ring carbon (e.g., saturated or unsaturated) or heteroatom is the point of attachment of the heterocycloalkenyl substituent. Any atom can be substituted, e.g., by one or more substituents.
  • the heterocycloalkenyl groups can contain fused rings. Fused rings are rings that share a common carbon or nitrogen atom.
  • Heterocycloalkenyl groups can include, e.g., tetrahydropyridyl, dihydropyranyl, 4,5-dihydrooxazolyl, 4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazolyl, 1,2,5,6- tetrahydro-pyrimidinyl, and 5,6-dihydro-2H-[l,3]oxazinyl.
  • aryl refers to a fully unsaturated, aromatic monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic, hydrocarbon ring system (e.g., C 6 -Ci 8 , C 6 -Ci 4 , C 6 -Ci 0 ), wherein any ring atom can be substituted, e.g., by one or more substituents.
  • Aryl groups can contain fused rings. Fused rings are rings that share a common carbon atom.
  • Aryl moieties can include, e.g., phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, and pyrenyl.
  • heteroaryl refers to a fully unsaturated, aromatic monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or other polycyclic hydrocarbon groups having 1-4 heteroatoms if monocyclic, 1-8 heteroatoms if bicyclic, or 1-10 heteroatoms if tricyclic, said heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, or S (and mono and dioxides thereof, e.g., N ⁇ O ⁇ , S(O), SO 2 ) (e.g., carbon atoms and 1-4, 1- 8, or 1-10 heteroatoms of N, O, or S if monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic, respectively).
  • Heteroaryl groups can contain fused rings. Fused rings are rings that share a common carbon or nitrogen atom. Heteroaryl groups can include, e.g., pyridyl, thienyl, furyl (furanyl), imidazolyl, indolyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl and pyrrolyl.
  • arylheterocyclyl and “heteroarylheterocyclyl” refer to bicyclic, tricyclic, or other polycyclic ring systems that include an aryl or heteroaryl ring, respectively, that is fused to a heterocyclyl ring that includes from 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, or S (and mono and dioxides thereof, e.g., N ⁇ O ⁇ , S(O), SO 2 ,).
  • the remaining ring atoms of the heterocyclyl ring are carbon. Any atom can be substituted, e.g., by one or more substituents.
  • a ring atom on either the aryl portion or the heterocyclyl portion can serve as the point of attachment of the arylheterocyclyl to another moiety.
  • Examples can include without limitation the ring systems delineated below under the definitions of arylazacyclyl, arylsulfinylcyclyl, heteroarylsulfinylcyclyl, arylsulfonylcyclyl, and heteroarylsulfonylcyclyl.
  • arylazacyclyl refers to bicyclic, tricyclic, or other polycyclic ring systems that include an aryl ring fused to a heterocyclyl ring that includes one nitrogen ring atom (the remaining ring atoms of the heterocyclyl ring are carbon). Any atom can be substituted, e.g., by one or more substituents.
  • a ring atom on either the aryl portion or the heterocyclyl portion can serve as the point of attachment of the arylazacyclyl to another moiety.
  • arylazacyclyl can include 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl, and isoindolinyl-l,3-dione (phthalimido).
  • arylsulfinylcyclyl and “heteroarylsulfinylcyclyl” (e.g., 8-20 ring atoms, 8-12 ring atoms, 8-10 ring atoms) refer to bicyclic, tricyclic, or other polycyclic ring systems that include an aryl or heteroaryl ring, respectively, that is fused to a heterocyclyl ring that includes one -S(O)- (sulfinyl) ring atom (i.e., the sulfur atom of which forms part of the ring system, and the remaining ring atoms of the heterocyclyl ring are carbon. Any atom can be substituted, e.g., by one or more substituents.
  • a carbon ring atom on either the aryl/heteroaryl portion or the heterocyclyl portion can serve as the point of attachment of the arylsulfinylcyclyl and heteroarylsulfinylcyclyl to another moiety.
  • such ring systems can include:
  • arylsulfonylcyclyl and “heteroarylsulfonylcyclyl” (e.g., e.g., 8-20 ring atoms, 8-12 ring atoms, 8-10 ring atoms) refer to bicyclic, tricyclic, or other polycyclic ring systems that include an aryl or heteroaryl ring, respectively, that is fused to a heterocyclyl ring that includes one -SO 2 - (sulfonyl) ring atom (i.e., the sulfur atom of which forms part of the ring system, and the remaining ring atoms of the heterocyclyl ring are carbon,).
  • Any atom can be substituted, e.g., by one or more substituents.
  • a carbon ring atom on either the aryl/heteroaryl portion or the heterocyclyl portion can serve as the point of attachment of the arylsulfonylcyclyl and heteroarylsulfonylcyclyl to another moiety.
  • such ring systems can include:
  • Descriptors such as C(O), C(S), and C(NR 1 ) refer to carbon atoms that are doubly bonded to an oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen atom, respectively.
  • substituted refers to a group “substituted” on, e.g., an alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocycloalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group at any atom of that group.
  • the substituent(s) (e.g., R d ) on a group are independently any one single, or any combination of two or more of the permissible atoms or groups of atoms delineated for that substituent.
  • a substituent may itself be substituted with any one of the above substituents (e.g., R d' ).
  • the compounds have agonist activity for genes involved with HDL production and cholesterol efflux (e.g., ABCAl) and antagonist activity for genes involved with triglyceride synthesis (e.g., SREBP-Ic).
  • agonist activity for genes involved with HDL production and cholesterol efflux e.g., ABCAl
  • antagonist activity for genes involved with triglyceride synthesis e.g., SREBP-Ic.
  • This invention relates generally to quino line-based modulators of LXRs and related methods and compositions.
  • the quino line -based LXR modulators have the general formula (I):
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , X, Y, W, W 1 , A, R a , R a' , R b , R b' , R c , R d , R d' , R e , R f , R f , R s , R 1 R, R k , R m , R n , n, and t can be as defined anywhere herein.
  • the range Ci-C 4 alkyl is understood to mean Ci, C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , Ci-C 4 , Ci-C 3 , Ci-C 2 , C 2 -C 4 , C 2 -C 3 , or C 3 -C 4 alkyl and the range 1-3 R a is understood to mean 1, 2, 3, 1-3, 1-2, or 2-3 R a .
  • R 1 can be hydrogen.
  • R 2 can be hydrogen.
  • R can be:
  • C 1 -C 12 e.g., C 1 -C 6 or C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 1 -C 12 (e.g., C 1 -C 6 or C 1 -C 4 ) haloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 1) R a ; or
  • C 7 -C 20 e.g., C 7 -C 16 , C 7 -C 12 , C 7 -C 10
  • aralkyl or heteroaralkyl including 6-20 (e.g., 6-14, 6-12, 6-10) atoms, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-10 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, l) R b ; or
  • C 6 -C 18 e.g., C 6 -C 14 , C 6 -C 10 , phenyl
  • aryl or heteroaryl including 5-16 (e.g., 5-14, 5-10, 5-6) atoms, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-10 (e.g., 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1- 2, 1) R d ; or
  • R 2 can be:
  • C 1 -C 12 e.g., C 1 -C 6 or C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 1 -C 12 (e.g., C 1 -C 6 or C 1 -C 4 ) haloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 1) R a ; or (iii) C 7 -C 20 (e.g., C 7 -C 16 , C 7 -C 12 , C 7 -C 10 ) aralkyl or heteroaralkyl including 6-20 (e.g.,
  • R 2 can be: (ii) C 1 -C 6 alkyl that is optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a ; or (iii) C 7 -C 10 aralkyl that is optionally substituted with from 1-3 R b ; or (vii) -
  • R can be hydrogen
  • R can be C 1 -C 6 (e.g., C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, which is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R a (e.g., NR s R h , hydroxy, cyano, or -C(O)OR).
  • R a e.g., NR s R h , hydroxy, cyano, or -C(O)OR.
  • R can be CH 3 (methyl), ethyl, n-propyl, or iso-propyl.
  • An exemplary R 2 substituent is CH 3 .
  • R can be C 1 -C 6 (e.g., C 1 or C 2 ) alkyl substituted with one R a .
  • R a can be hydroxy or NR s R h .
  • R 2 can be CH 2 NR s R h .
  • R s and R h can be both hydrogen.
  • one of R s and R h can be hydrogen, and the other can be Ci-C 2 O (e.g., Ci-Ci 0 , Ci-C 6 , Ci-C 3 ) haloalkyl (e.g., fluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, or fluoroethyl); or Ci-C 2O alkyl (e.g.
  • Ci-C 20 alkoxy e.g., Ci-Ci 0 , Ci-C 6 , Ci-C 3 , e.g., methoxy
  • cyano C 2 -C 20 (e.g., C 2 -Ci 0 , C 2 -C 6 , C 2 -C 3 ) alkenyl (e.g., allyl), or C 3 -C 20 cycloalkyl
  • R 2 can be C 7 -Ci 0 aralkyl, which is optionally substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R b (e.g., C r C 3 alkyl; C r C 3 haloalkyl, e.g., Q-C 3 perfluoroalkyl; halogen; or CN).
  • R b e.g., C r C 3 alkyl; C r C 3 haloalkyl, e.g., Q-C 3 perfluoroalkyl; halogen; or CN.
  • An exemplary R 2 aralkyl substituent is benzyl.
  • R can be cyano. In certain embodiments, R 2 can be halo.
  • R can be C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, (e.g., C 1 -C 4 perhaloalkyl, e.g., CF 3 ). In certain embodiments, R can be C 6 -Ci 0 aryl that is optionally substituted with from
  • R d e.g., Q-C 3 alkyl; Ci-C 3 haloalkyl, e.g., C r C 3 perfluoroalkyl; halogen; or CN.
  • R 2 can be phenyl optionally substituted with from 1-3 R d .
  • R 2 can be heteroaryl including 5-10atoms that is optionally substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R d (e.g., C r C 3 alkyl; C r C 3 haloalkyl, e.g., Q-C 3 perfluoroalkyl; halogen; CN; NR s R h ; or Ci-C 3 alkoxy).
  • R d e.g., C r C 3 alkyl; C r C 3 haloalkyl, e.g., Q-C 3 perfluoroalkyl; halogen; CN; NR s R h ; or Ci-C 3 alkoxy.
  • R 2 can be pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thienyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzothienyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, tetrazolyl, or furyl, each of which can be optionally substituted with from 1-3 R d .
  • An exemplary R 2 heteroaryl substituent is tetrazolyl.
  • R 2 can be C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl including 3-7 atoms, each of which can be optionally substituted with from 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 1) R b .
  • R b when R b is present, R b can be attached to the same carbon atom that connects the cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring to the 3 -position of the quinoline core.
  • R 2 can be -XR 8 .
  • X can be -C(O)O-, thereby forming an ester moiety of the formula - C(O)OR 8 .
  • R 8 can be hydrogen or Ci-C 6 (e.g., Ci-C 4 ) alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl).
  • X can be -C(O)NR 9 -, thereby forming an amide moiety of the formula -C(O)NR 9 R 8 .
  • R 8 and R 9 can each be, independently, hydrogen or Ci-C 6 (e.g., C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl.
  • R 8 and R 9 can both be hydrogen; or one of R 8 and R 9 can be hydrogen, and the other can be Ci-C 6 (e.g., Ci-C 4 ) alkyl (e.g., CH 3 or ethyl).
  • X can be -S(O) r , thereby forming a sulfone moiety of the formula - S(O) t R 8 .
  • R 8 can be hydrogen or Ci-C 6 (e.g., Ci-C 4 ) alkyl (e.g., ethyl), and t can be 0, 1, or 2 (e.g., 2).
  • X can be -NR 9 -, thereby forming an amino moiety of the formula -NR 8 R 9 .
  • R 9 can be hydrogen or Ci-C 6 (e.g., Ci-C 4 ) alkyl, and R 8 can be as defined anywhere herein. In certain embodiment, R 8 and R 9 can both be hydrogen.
  • R 3 can be C 6 -Ci 8 (e.g., C 6 -Ci 4 , C 6 -Ci 0 , phenyl) aryl, which is
  • each R e can be independently of one another: Ci-C 3 alkyl; Ci-C 3 haloalkyl, e.g., Ci-C 3 perfluoroalkyl; halogen; or CN.
  • R can be C 6 -CiO aryl, which is (i) substituted with from 1-5
  • R 10 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 1) R 10 and (ii) optionally substituted with from 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1) R e .
  • R 3 can be C 6 -CiO aryl, which is (i) substituted with 1 or 2 R 10 and (ii) optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R e .
  • R 3 can be naphthyl, which is (i) substituted with 1 or 2 R 10 and (ii) optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R e .
  • R 3 can be phenyl, which is (i) substituted with 1 or 2 R 10 and (ii) optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R e (e.g., 1 R e , which can be, e.g., halo, e.g., fluoro or chloro).
  • R 3 can be C 6 -Ci 0 aryl, which is (i) substituted with 1 R 10 and (ii) optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R e .
  • R 3 can be phenyl, which is (i) substituted with 1 R 10 and (ii) optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R e (e.g., halo).
  • R can have formula (A), in which R 10 (i.e., the moiety -WA) can be attached to a ring carbon that is ortho, meta, or para (preferably meta) with respect to the ring carbon that connects the phenyl ring to the 4-position of the quinoline ring, and R e , when present can be connected to ring carbons that are not occupied by WA.
  • R 3 can have formula (A-I) or (A-I '), in which R 10 (WA) is attached to the ring carbon that is meta with respect to the ring carbon that connects the phenyl ring to the 4-position of the quinoline ring in formula (I).
  • R 3 can be phenyl that is substituted with 1 R 10 , and R 3 can have formula (A-2), e.g., formula (A-3):
  • R can have formula (A-4):
  • W and A can be as defined anywhere herein; and R 32 can be hydrogen; or R e (e.g., halo, e.g., chloro or fluoro).
  • R 3 can be heteroaryl including 5-16 (e.g., 5-14, 5-10, 5-6) atoms, which is (i) substituted with from 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 1) R 10 and (ii) optionally substituted with from 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1) R e .
  • each R e can be independently of one another: Ci-C 3 alkyl; Ci-C 3 haloalkyl, e.g., Ci-C 3 perfluoroalkyl; halogen; or CN.
  • R can be heteroaryl including 5-10 atoms, which is (i) substituted with from 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 1) R 10 and (ii) optionally substituted with from
  • R 3 can be heteroaryl including 5-10 atoms, which is (i) substituted with from 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1) R 10 and (ii) optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R e .
  • R 3 can be heteroaryl including 5-6 atoms, which is (i) substituted with from 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1) R 10 and (ii) optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R e
  • Ci-C 3 haloalkyl e.g., Ci-C 3 perfluoroalkyl, e.g., Ci-C 2 perfluoroalkyl; or halogen.
  • R can be pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thienyl, or furyl (e.g., pyridyl or pyrimidinyl), which is (i) substituted with from 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1) R 10 and (ii) optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R e (e.g., Ci-C 3 haloalkyl, e.g., Ci-C 3 perfluoroalkyl, e.g., Ci-C 2 perfluoroalkyl; or halogen).
  • R e e.g., Ci-C 3 haloalkyl, e.g., Ci-C 3 perfluoroalkyl, e.g., Ci-C 2 perfluoroalkyl; or halogen.
  • R can be heteroaryl including 5-10 (e.g., 5-6) atoms, which is (i) substituted with 1 R 10 , and (ii) optionally substituted with from 1 -2 R e .
  • R 3 can be pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, pyrazoly, or furyl (e.g., pyridyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, or pyrazoly), which is (i) substituted with from 1 R 10 and (ii) optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R e (e.g., Ci-C 3 haloalkyl, e.g., Ci-C 3 perfluoroalkyl, e.g., Ci-C 2 perfluoroalkyl; or halogen).
  • R e e.g., Ci-C 3 haloalkyl, e.g., Ci-C 3 perfluoroalkyl, e.g., Ci-C 2 perfluoroalkyl; or halogen
  • R 3 can be pyridyl, thienyl, pyrazoly, or thiazolyl (e.g., thienyl or thiazolyl).
  • W can be -O-.
  • W can be a bond
  • W can be Ci-C 3 alkylene (e.g., CH 2 ).
  • W can be C 2 -C 4 alkynylene (e.g., -C ⁇ C-).
  • W can be alkylene)- or -(Ci-C 3 alkylene) W 1 - (e.g., -0(Ci-C 3 alkylene)- or -(C r C 3 alkylene)O-, e.g., -OCH 2 - or -CH 2 O-); or W can be -0-, a bond, -0(Ci-C 3 alkylene)-, and -(C r C 3 alkylene)O-.
  • A can be a cyclic group that is (a) substituted with one or more R f ; and (b) optionally substituted with from 1-4 R e .
  • A can be: (i-A) C 6 -Ci 0 (e.g., phenyl) aryl, which is (a) substituted with from 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3,
  • heteroaryl including 5-10 (e.g., 5-8) atoms which is (a) substituted with from 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 1, e.g., 1) R f ; and (b) is optionally substituted with from 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1, e.g., 1-3) R e ; provided that the heteroaryl including 5-10 atoms is not [1,2,4]- oxadiazolyl; and/or
  • arylazacyclyl including 8-12 atoms e.g., tetrahydroquinolyl or tetrahydroisoquinolyl
  • which is (a) substituted with from 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 1, e.g., 1) R f
  • R f e.g., 1, e.g., 1, e.g., 1, e.g., 1, e.g., 1-2) R e .
  • any one of the following combinations can apply for defining A:
  • A can be C 6 -Ci 0 aryl, which is (i) substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R f and (ii) optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R e .
  • A can be naphthyl, which is (i) substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R f and (ii) optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R e .
  • A can be phenyl, which is (i) substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R f and (ii) optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R e .
  • A can be phenyl, which is (i) substituted with 1 R f and (ii) optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R e .
  • A can have formula (B-I), (B-2), or (B-3), in which R f can be attached to a ring carbon that is ortho, meta, or para, respectively (preferably meta) with respect to the ring carbon that is attached to W:
  • A can have formula (B-4), (B-5), (B-6), or (B-7) in which the phenyl ring is substituted with (a) 1 R f and (b) 1 R e :
  • A can have formula (B- ), in which the phenyl ring is substituted with (a) 1 R f and (b) 2 R e : (B-8)
  • A can have formula (B-9):
  • each of R ⁇ 2 and R ⁇ 3 can be, independently, hydrogen or R e ; and one of R A24 and R A25 can be R f (e.g., -SO 2 R n ), and the other is hydrogen or R e .
  • R A22 , R A23 , R A24 , and R A25 is provided that only one of R A22 , R A23 , R A24 , and R A25 is
  • R A25 can be R f (e.g., -SO 2 R n ), and each of R A22 , R A23 , and R ⁇ 4 can be hydrogen.
  • R ⁇ 5 can be R f (e.g., -SO 2 R n ), one of R A22 , R ⁇ 3 , and R A24 (e.g., R ⁇ 3 ) can be R e , and the other two can each be hydrogen.
  • R A24 can be R f (e.g., -SO 2 R n ), and each of R ⁇ 2 , R ⁇ 3 , and R A25 can be hydrogen.
  • R ⁇ 4 can be R f (e.g., -SO 2 R n ), one of R A22 , R A23 , and R A25 (e.g., R A22 ) can be R e , and the other two can each be hydrogen.
  • A can be heteroaryl including 5-10 atoms, which is (a) substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1,) R f ; and (b) is optionally substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R e ; provided that the heteroaryl including 5-10 atoms is not [l,2,4]-oxadiazolyl.
  • A can be heteroaryl including 5-10 atoms, which is (a) substituted with 1 R f ; and (b) is optionally substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R e ; provided that the heteroaryl including 5-10 atoms is not [l,2,4]-oxadiazolyl.
  • A can be heteroaryl including 5-8 atoms, which is (a) substituted with 1 R f ; and (b) is optionally substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R e ; provided that the heteroaryl including 5-10 atoms is not [l,2,4]-oxadiazolyl.
  • A can be pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyridyl-N-oxide, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, thienyl, furyl, quinolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, or indolyl, each of which is (a) substituted with 1 R f ; and (b) is optionally substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, l) R e .
  • A can be pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, thienyl, furyl, quinolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, or isoxazolyl, each of which is (a) substituted with 1 R f ; and (b) is optionally substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R e .
  • A can be pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thienyl, furyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, or isoxazolyl, each of which is (a) substituted with 1 R f ; and (b) is optionally substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R e .
  • A can be pyridyl in which W is attached to the 2- or 3- position of the pyridiyl ring.
  • A can be pyridyl in which W is attached to the 2-position of the pyridyl ring, and R f is attached to the 4- or the 6-position of the pyridyl ring.
  • Such rings can be further substituted with 1, 2 or 3 R e (e.g., halo, e.g., chloro; or NR s R h , e.g., NH 2 ).
  • R e e.g., halo, e.g., chloro; or NR s R h , e.g., NH 2 .
  • A can be pyridyl in which W is attached to the 2-position of the pyridyl ring, R f is attached to the 6-position of the pyridyl ring, and 1 R e is attached to the 4-position of the pyridyl ring.
  • A can be pyridyl in which W is attached to the 2-position of the pyridyl ring, R f is attached to the 6-position of the pyridyl ring, and an R e substituent is attached to the 3-, 4-, and 5-positions of the pyridyl ring.
  • A can be pyridyl in which W is attached to the 3 -position of the pyridyl ring, and R f is attached to the 5-position of the pyridyl ring.
  • Such a ring can be further substituted with 1, 2 or 3 R e (e.g., halo, e.g., chloro; or NR s R h , e.g., NH 2 ).
  • A can be thienyl in which W is attached to the 2-position of the thienyl ring, and R f is attached to the 5-position of the thienyl ring.
  • Such a ring can be further substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 R e (e.g., halo, e.g., chloro; or NR s R h , e.g., NH 2 ).
  • A can be tetrahydroquinolyl or tetrahydroisoquinolyl, which is (a) substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R f ; and (b) is optionally substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R e .
  • A can be tetrahydroquinolyl or tetrahydroisoquinolyl, which is
  • A can be tetrahydroquinolyl or tetrahydroisoquinolyl, which is substituted with 1 R f .
  • W can be attached to the aromatic ring portion of the tetrahydroquinolyl or tetrahydroisoquinolyl ring (e.g., the 5-position).
  • R f can be attached to the tetrahydroquinolyl or tetrahydroisoquinolyl nitrogen ring atom (e.g., when R f is SO 2 R n ).
  • W can be attached to the 5- position of the tetrahydroquinolyl or tetrahydroisoquinolyl ring, R f is SO 2 R n , and the SO 2 R 1 group is attached to the tetrahydroquinolyl or tetrahydroisoquinolyl nitrogen ring atom.
  • R e at each occurrence can be, independently, halo (e.g., fluoro or chloro), Ci-C 3 alkyl (e.g., CH 3 ), C r C 3 haloalkyl (e.g., CF 3 ), Q-C 3 alkoxy (e.g., OCH 3 ), NR s R h (e.g., NH 2 ), phenyl, or 4-fluorophenyl.
  • halo e.g., fluoro or chloro
  • Ci-C 3 alkyl e.g., CH 3
  • C r C 3 haloalkyl e.g., CF 3
  • Q-C 3 alkoxy e.g., OCH 3
  • NR s R h e.g., NH 2
  • phenyl e.g., NH 2
  • R e at each occurrence can be, independently, halo (e.g., fluoro or chloro), Ci-C 3 alkyl (e.g., CH 3 ), Ci-C 3 haloalkyl (e.g., CF 3 ), Q-C 3 alkoxy (e.g., OCH 3 ), NR s R h (e.g., NH 2 ).
  • halo e.g., fluoro or chloro
  • Ci-C 3 alkyl e.g., CH 3
  • Ci-C 3 haloalkyl e.g., CF 3
  • Q-C 3 alkoxy e.g., OCH 3
  • NR s R h e.g., NH 2
  • A can be a cyclic group that (a) includes a substituted ring atom selected from the group consisting of S(O) and SO 2 , e.g., SO 2 ; and (b) is optionally substituted with from 1 -4 R e .
  • A can be heteroaryl including 5-10 (e.g., 5-8) atoms that (a) includes a substituted ring atom selected from the group consisting of S(O) and SO 2 ; and (b) is optionally substituted with from 1-4 (b) is optionally substituted with from 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1- 2, l, e.g., 1-3) R e .
  • A can be heteroaryl including 5-10 (e.g., 5-8) atoms that (a) includes a substituted ring atom selected from the group consisting of S(O) and SO 2 , e.g.,
  • A can be benzo[b]thienyl 1,1 -dioxide (e.g., in which W is attached to the phenyl ring portion of the benzo[b]thienyl ring system, e.g., the 4-position thereof; or W is attached to the thienyl ring portion of the benzo[b]thienyl ring system, e.g., the 3-position thereof).
  • A can be arylsulfonylcyclyl or heteroarylsulfonylcyclyl, each of which includes 8-10 atoms and is optionally substituted with from 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1, e.g., l-3)R e .
  • A can be heteroarylsulfonylcyclyl, which includes 8-10 atoms and is optionally substituted with from 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1, e.g., l-3)R e .
  • A can be 3,4-dihydro-2H- thiopyrano[2,3-b]pyridyl 1,1-dioxide (e.g., in which W is attached to the pyridyl ring portion of the thiopyrano[2,3-b]pyridyl ring system, e.g., the 2- or 4- position thereof).
  • A can be arylsulfonylcyclyl, which includes 8-10 atoms and is optionally substituted with from 1-4 (e.g., 1-3, 1-2, 1, e.g., l-3)R e .
  • A can be 2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]thienyl 1,1 -dioxide (e.g., in which W is attached to the phenyl ring portion of the benzo[b]thienyl ring system, e.g., the 4-position thereof).
  • R e at each occurrence can be, independently, halo; C 1 -C 3 alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a ; C 1 -C3 haloalkyl; C 1 -C3 alkoxy; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; NR s R h ; phenyl; or 4-fluorophenyl.
  • R e at each occurrence can be, independently, halo; C 1 -C 3 alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a (e.g., R a can be C(O)NR s R h ); hydroxyl; cyano; or nitro.
  • A can be[l,2,4]-oxadiazolyl, optionally substituted with from 1 R e .
  • A can have formula (C):
  • R e can be hydrogen; halo; C 1 -C 3 alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a ; Ci- C3 haloalkyl; C 1 -C3 alkoxy; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; NR s R h ; phenyl; or 4-fluorophenyl.
  • R e can be hydrogen; halo; Ci-Ce alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a (e.g., R a can be C(O)NR s R h ); Ci-C 3 haloalkyl; Ci-C 3 alkoxy; NR s R h ; phenyl; or 4- fluorophenyl.
  • R e can be hydrogen; halo; C 1 -C 3 alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a (e.g., R a can be C(O)NR s R h ); hydroxyl; cyano; or nitro.
  • R f at each occurrence can be: (i-F) -S(O) n R 1 or -NR k S(O) n R n , in which n is 0, 1 or 2 (e.g., 1 or 2); and/or (ii-F) -NR k C(O)NR s R h or -NR k C(O)OR; and/or (iii-F) heterocyclyl including 5-10 (e.g., 5-7) atoms that is substituted with from 1
  • 0x0 and optionally substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R e ; and/or
  • any one of the following combinations can apply for defining
  • R f can be -S(O) n R n (e.g., -SO 2 R 11 ).
  • R n when R n is R J , then R J is other than hydrogen.
  • n can be 0; or n can be 1 or 2.
  • R n can be Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., Ci-C 5 or C 2 -C 8 or C 3 -C 8 ) alkyl or d-
  • Cio e.g., Ci-C 5 or Ci-C 3 haloalkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a .
  • R n can be Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., Ci-C 3 or C 2 -C 8 or C 3 -C 8 ) alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 (e.g., 1) R a .
  • R n can be unsubstituted branched or unbranched Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., Ci-C 5 , Ci-C 3 , C 2 -C 8 , or C 3 -C 8 ) alkyl. In embodiments, R n can be unsubstituted Ci-C 3 alkyl.
  • R n can be methyl (CH 3 ).
  • R n can be ethyl (CH 2 CH 3 ).
  • R n can be zsopropyl (CH(CH 3 ) 2 ).
  • R n can be CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH(CH 3 ) 2 , or CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 3 .
  • R n can be Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., Ci-C 5 or Ci-C 3 ) haloalkyl.
  • R n can be CF 3 or CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 Cl.
  • R n can be C 2 -C 8 alkyl or C 3 -C 8 alkyl substituted with 1 -2 (e.g., 1) R a .
  • R a can be hydroxyl; Q-C 3 alkoxy; NR s R h ; aryl heterocyclyl including 8-10 atoms optionally substituted with from 1-3 R b (e.g., oxo); or C(O)OR; or R a can be hydroxyl; Ci-C 3 alkoxy; NR s R h ; halo; arylheterocyclyl including 8-10 atoms, optionally substituted with from 1-3 R b ; cyano; or C(O)OR.
  • R n can be branched or unbranched C 3 -C 8 alkyl, which is substituted with 1-2 (e.g., 1) R a .
  • R a can be: (i) hydroxyl; or
  • Ci-C 3 alkoxy e.g., OCH 3
  • NR s R h e.g., R s and R h can be, independently of one another, hydrogen; Ci-Ce alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a ; C 7 -Ci 0 aralkyl, optionally substituted with from
  • R a can be NH 2 , NHCH 3 , NH(Et), or NH(z-propyl)); or (iv) cyano; or
  • arylheterocyclyl including 8-20, e.g., 8-10, atoms optionally substituted with from 1-4, e.g., 1-2 R b (e.g., oxo, e.g., R a can be can be phthalimido); or
  • R a can be attached to a secondary or tertiary carbon atom of the alkyl group.
  • R n can be branched or unbranched Ci-C 8 (e.g., Ci, C 2 , or C 3 ) alkyl, which is substituted with 1 R a .
  • R a can be: (i) hydroxyl; or
  • arylheterocyclyl including 8-20, e.g., 8-10, atoms optionally substituted with from 1-4, e.g., 1-2 R b (e.g., oxo, e.g., R a can be can be phthalimido).
  • R n is alkyl substituted with one or more R a
  • R a is NR s R h
  • R s and R h can each be, independently, (i) hydrogen; or
  • Ci-C 8 alkyl e.g., CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , or CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 3
  • haloalkyl e.g., CH 2 CH 2 F or CH 2 CH 2 Cl
  • C 2 -CiO alkenyl or C 2 -C 2 O alkynyl e.g., C 3 alkenyl or alkynyl
  • C 7 -C 20 aralkyl e.g., benzyl
  • halo e.g., fluoro or chloro
  • R s and R h can be hydrogen or Ci-C 3 alkyl; and the other can be: (ii) Ci-C 8 (e.g., Ci-C 5 ) alkyl (e.g., CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , or CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 3 ) or haloalkyl (e.g., CH 2 CH 2 F or CH 2 CH 2 Cl), each of which is optionally substituted with cyano; or
  • C 2 -Ci 0 e.g., C 2 -C 6 alkenyl or C 2 -Ci 0 (e.g., C 2 -C 6 ) alkynyl (e.g., C 3 alkenyl or alkynyl); or
  • C 7 -C 20 e.g., C 7 -Ci 0
  • aralkyl e.g., benzyl
  • halo e.g., fluoro or chloro
  • R n can be -NR s R h .
  • R s and R h can each be, independently of one another:
  • Ci-Cio e.g., Ci-C 7 , Ci-C 6 , Ci-C 6 , Ci, C 2 -C 8 , C 2 , C 3 -C 8 alkyl (branched or unbranched as appropriate), optionally substituted with from 1-2 (e.g., 1) R a ; or (iii) C 6 -Ci 0 aryl (e.g., phenyl), optionally substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R d
  • Ci e.g., Ci to C 3 alkyl, optionally substituted with 1-2 R a ; halogen, -CN or -CO 2 R);
  • C 7 -Ci 0 aralkyl e.g. benzyl
  • R b e.g., Ci to C 3 alkyl, optionally substituted with 1-2 R a ; halogen, -CN or -CO 2 R; or
  • R s and R h can each be, independently of one another, hydrogen; Ci-Ci 0 alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 (e.g., 1) R a ; C 7 -Ci 0 aralkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R b ; or -C(O)R.
  • R s and R h can each be, independently of one another, hydrogen; Ci-C 6 unsubstituted alkyl; C 2 -C 8 alkyl substituted with hydroxyl or Ci-C 3 alkoxy; benzyl; or -C(O)CH 3 .
  • one of R s and R h can be hydrogen or Ci-C 3 alkyl; and the other can be:
  • Ci-Cio e.g., Ci-C 7 , Ci-C 6 , Ci-C 3 , Ci, C 2 -C 8 , C 2 , C 3 -C 8
  • alkyl or haloalkyl e.g., alkyl, e.g., branched or unbranched
  • 1-3 e.g., 1) R a
  • C 6 -Ci 0 aryl e.g., phenyl
  • C 7 -Ci 0 aralkyl e.g. benzyl
  • R b optionally substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R b ;
  • R s and R h can both be: (i) hydrogen; or
  • R b can be C r C 20 (e.g., C r Ci 0 , Ci-C 6 , C r C 3 ) alkoxy (e.g., OCH 3 ).
  • R n can be -N(H)(R h ), -N(CH 3 )(R 11 ), or -N(CH 2 CH 3 )(R 11 ).
  • R h can be Ci-C 6 unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , branched or unbranched C 3 -C 6 alkyl); C 2 -C 8 (e.g., C 3 -C 8 branched or unbranched alkyl), which is substituted with substituted with 1 R a .
  • R a can be hydroxyl, C 1 -C 3 alkoxy (e.g., OCH 3 ), NR s R h (e.g., NH 2 ), or cyano, preferably hydroxyl.
  • R h can be C 7 -Ci 0 aralkyl (e.g. benzyl), optionally substituted with 1 R b (e.g., halo, e.g., fluoro; or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, e.g., OCH 3 ).
  • 1 R b e.g., halo, e.g., fluoro; or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, e.g., OCH 3 .
  • R h can be -C(O)R (e.g., -C(O)CH 3 ).
  • R n can be heterocyclyl including 5-10 (e.g., 5-8, 5-6) atoms, optionally substituted with from 1-5 (e.g., 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 1, e.g., 1) R b .
  • R n can be morpholin-4-yl, 1 -piperidyl, 4-piperidyl, piperazin-1-yl, or pyrrolidin- 1 -yl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R b .
  • R b can be C r C 3 alkyl or -C(O)OR (e.g., R can be Ci-C 4 alkyl, e.g., tert-butyl, or R can be Ci-C 4 alkyl, C 7 -C 20 (e.g., C 7 -Ci 0 ) aralkyl, e.g., benzyl).
  • R n can be C 7 -Ci 0 aralkyl (e.g., benzyl), optionally substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R b .
  • R b can be Ci-C 3 alkyl, which is optionally substituted with from 1-2 (e.g., 1) R a ; halo; cyano; or C(O)OR.
  • R b can be Ci-C 3 alkyl (e.g., CH 3 ), which is optionally substituted with 1 R a (e.g., C(O)OR, e.g., C(O)OCH 3 ); or halo (e.g., fluoro).
  • R n can be C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl), optionally substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R b .
  • R n can be C 2 -C 6 alkenyl (e.g., allyl, 1-propenyl), optionally substituted with from 1-2 R c .
  • R n is C 6 -Ci 0 aryl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R d .
  • RR dd ccaann be Ci-C 3 alkyl, which is optionally substituted with 1-2 (e.g., 1) R a ; halo; cyano; or C(O)OR.
  • R f can be -NR k S(O) n R n .
  • R k can be hydrogen.
  • R n can be Ci-C 6 alkyl (CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 ), optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a ; or C 6 -Ci 0 (e.g., phenyl) aryl, optionally substituted with from 1- 2 R d (e.g., CH 3 ).
  • R f can be -NR k C(O)OR J or -NR k C(O)NR s R h .
  • R k can be hydrogen.
  • R s , R h , and R can each be, independently of one another, hydrogen; Ci-Ce alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a (e.g., chloro) or C 6 -Ci 0 aryl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R d (e.g., CH 3 ).
  • R J can be Ci-C 6 alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a (e.g., chloro).
  • one of R s and R h can be hydrogen.
  • R f can be:
  • heterocyclyl including 5-7 atoms that is substituted with 1 oxo and optionally substituted with from 1 -2 R e ;
  • heterocycloalkenyl including 5-7 atoms or lH-benzoimidazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1 -2 R e .
  • R f can be 4,5-dihydrooxazolyl, 2-oxo-imidazolidinyl, 4,5- dihydro-lH-imidazolyl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyrimidinyl, 5,6-dihydro-2H-[l,3]oxazinyl, or 2- oxo-oxazolidinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-2 R e .
  • R f can be lH-benzoimidazolyl.
  • R e at each occurrence can be, independently, Ci to C 3 alkyl (e.g., CH 3 ) or haloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a (e.g., C(O)ORj, e.g., C(O)OH); or phenyl.
  • R a e.g., C(O)ORj, e.g., C(O)OH
  • each of R 4 , R 5 and R 6 can be, independently of one another, hydrogen or halo (e.g., fluoro). In certain embodiments, each of R 4 , R 5 and R 6 can be hydrogen. In certain embodiments, each of R 4 , R 5 and R 6 can be hydrogen, and R7 can be other than hydrogen (e.g., Ci-C 3 haloalkyl, e.g., CF 3 ).
  • R 7 can be hydrogen, halo, cyano, Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., Ci-C 6 or Ci-C 3 ) alkyl, or Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., Ci-C 6 or C r C 3 ) haloalkyl, Ci-C 20 alkoxy (e.g., methoxy), C(O)OR,
  • R 7 can be hydrogen, halo, cyano, Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., Ci-C 6 , Ci-C 3 ) alkyl, or Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., C r C 6 , C r C 3 ) haloalkyl, or SO 2 R m .
  • R 7 can be hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, cyano, Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., Ci-C 6 or Ci-C 3 ) alkyl, or Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., Ci-C 6 or Ci-C 3 ) haloalkyl, Ci-C 20 alkoxy (e.g., methoxy), C(O)OR, C(O)NR S R ⁇ or SO 2 R m .
  • R 7 can be hydrogen; chloro or bromo (e.g., chloro), cyano, Q- Ci 0 (e.g., Ci-C 6 , Ci-C 3 ) alkyl, or Q-Cio (e.g., Ci-C 6 , Ci-C 3 ) haloalkyl, or SO 2 R m
  • R 7 can be halo, cyano, Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., Ci-C 6 or Ci-C 3 ) alkyl, or Ci-Cio (e.g., Ci-C 6 or Ci-C 3 ) haloalkyl, Ci-C 20 alkoxy (methoxy), C(O)OR J , C(O)NR s R h , or c S ⁇ O 2 ⁇ R> m ⁇
  • R 7 can be halo, cyano, Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., Ci-C 6 , Ci-C 3 ) alkyl, or Q- Ci 0 (e.g., Ci-C 6 , Ci-C 3 ) haloalkyl, or SO 2 R m
  • R 7 can be fluoro, chloro, cyano, Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., Ci-C 6 or Ci-C 3 ) alkyl, or C r Ci 0 (e.g., Q-C 6 or Q-C 3 ) haloalkyl, Ci-C 20 alkoxy (e.g., methoxy), C(O)OR,
  • R 7 can be chloro or bromo (e.g., chloro); cyano, Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., Q-C 6 , Ci-C 3 ) alkyl, or Q-Q 0 (e.g., Q-C 6 , Q-C 3 ) haloalkyl, or SO 2 R m
  • R 7 can be chloro, cyano, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 3 haloalkyl, Ci-C 6 alkoxy, C(O)OR, C(O)NR s R h , or SO 2 R m .
  • R 7 can be halo, Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., Ci-C 6 or Ci-C 3 ) alkyl, or Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., Q-C 6 or Q-C 3 ) haloalkyl, Q-C 20 alkoxy (e.g., methoxy), C(O)OR, C(O)NR s R h , or SO 2 R m
  • R 7 can be halo, Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., Ci-C 6 , Ci-C 3 ) alkyl, or Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., Q-C 6 , Q-C 3 ) haloalkyl, or SO 2 R m
  • R 7 can be fluoro, chloro, Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., Ci-C 6 or Ci-C 3 ) alkyl, or Q-Q 0 (e.g., Q-C 6 or Q-C 3 ) haloalkyl, Q-C 20 alkoxy (e.g., methoxy), C(O)OR, C(O)NR s R h , or SO 2 R m .
  • R 7 can be chloro or bromo (e.g., chloro); Ci-Ci 0 (e.g., Ci-C 6 , Ci-C 3 ) alkyl, or Q-Qo (e.g., Q-C 6 , Q-C 3 ) haloalkyl, or SO 2 R m
  • R 7 can be fluoro, C(O)OR, or C(O)NR s R h .
  • R 7 can be C(O)OR or C(O)NR s R h .
  • R 7 can be hydrogen; fluoro, chloro; cyano; CH 3 ; CF 3 ; or SO 2 CH 3 . In certain embodiments, R 7 can be fluoro; chloro; cyano; CH 3 ; CF 3 ; SO 2 CH 3 ; SO 2 CH 2 CH 3 ; or SO 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 . In certain embodiments, R 7 can be other than fluoro, e.g., R 7 can be chloro; CH 3 ; CF 3 ; or SO 2 CH 3 . In certain embodiments, R 7 can be Ci-C 6 (e.g., Ci-C 3 ) haloalkyl (e.g., CF 3 ).
  • Ci-C 6 e.g., Ci-C 3
  • haloalkyl e.g., CF 3
  • R 7 can be halo (e.g., fluoro or chloro, e.g., chloro).
  • R 7 can be SO 2 R m (e.g., R m can be CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , or CH(CH 3 ) 2 ).
  • R 7 can be hydrogen or cyano. In certain embodiments, R 7 can be C 1 -C 2 0 alkoxy (e.g., OCH 3 )Jn certain embodiments, R 7 can be C(O)OR (e.g., C(O)OH or C(O)OCH 3 ) or C(0)NR s R h (e.g., C(O)NH 2 ).
  • R 7 is other than fluoro.
  • R 7 in the definitions above is other than halo (e.g., fluoro).
  • a subset of compounds includes those in which R 3 has formula (D):
  • W can be a bond; -0-; Ci_ 3 alkylene (e.g., -CH 2 -); C 2 ⁇ alkynylene (e.g., -C ⁇ C-); - O(Ci_ 3 alkylene)- (e.g., -OCH 2 -); or -(Ci -3 alkylene)O- (e.g., -CH 2 O-); one of R fl , R Q , R G , R f4 , and R ⁇ (e.g., R fl , R ⁇ , or R G ; e.g., R Q or R G ; e.g., R Q ) can be:
  • heterocyclyl including 5-10 atoms that is substituted with from 1-2 oxo and optionally substituted with from 1 -3 R e ;
  • heterocycloalkenyl including 5-10 atoms or lH-benzoimidazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1 -3 R e ; or
  • Y at each occurrence is, independently, Ci-C 6 alkylene, -0-, or - NR 9 -; and the others are each, independently, hydrogen or R e , in which R n , n, R k , R f , R s , R h , R J , and R e at each occurrence can be, independently of one another, as defined anywhere herein.
  • one of R fl , R Q , R G , R f4 , and R ⁇ (e.g., R fl , R Q , or R G ; e.g., R Q or R G ; e.g., R ⁇ ) can be:
  • (iii-F) heterocyclyl including 5-10 (e.g., 5-7) atoms that is substituted with from 1 oxo and optionally substituted with from 1-3 (e.g., 1-2, 1) R e ; or
  • R , R , R , and R can be hydrogen.
  • three of R fl , R Q , R G , R f4 , and R f5 can be hydrogen, and one of R fl , R ⁇ , R G , R f4 , and R f5 can R e (e.g., as shown in formula (B-4), (B-5), (B-6), or (B-7)).
  • one of R fl , R Q , R G , R f4 , and R f5 can be -S(O) n R n (e.g., n can be 2; e.g., R n can be C r Cio alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a ; or NR s R h ).
  • Another subset of compounds includes those in which R has formula D- 1 :
  • R can be hydrogen; or R can be R e as defined anywhere herein (e.g., halo, e.g., fluoro, or chloro);
  • W can be as defined anywhere herein (e.g., -O- or a bond); each of R ⁇ 2 and R ⁇ 3 is, independently, hydrogen or R e ; and one of R A24 and R A25 is R f (e.g., -SO 2 R n ), and the other is hydrogen or R e .
  • R A22 , R A23 , R A24 , and R A25 are R e .
  • R ⁇ 2 , R A23 , R A24 , and R A25 can be as defined anywhere herein.
  • Other embodiments can include one of more other features described herein.
  • Another subset of compounds includes those in which:
  • R 3 is heteroaryl including 5-10 (e.g., 5-6) atoms, which is (i) substituted with 1 R 10 , and (ii) optionally substituted with from 1 -2 R e ; and W is a bond; and
  • A has formula (B-9):
  • each of R ⁇ 2 and R ⁇ 3 is, independently, hydrogen or R e ; and one of R A24 and R A25 is R f (e.g., -SO 2 R n ), and the other is hydrogen or R e ; In certain embodiments, it is provided that only one of R A22 , R A23 , R A24 , and R A25 is R e .
  • R ⁇ 2 , R A23 , R A24 , and R A25 can be as defined anywhere herein. Other embodiments can include one of more other features described herein.
  • Another subset of compounds includes those in which:
  • R 3 has formula (A-4); and W is a bond;
  • A is heteroaryl including 5-8 atoms, which is (a) substituted with 1 R f (e.g., -SO 2 R n ), and (b) optionally substituted with from 1-3 R e , provided that the heteroaryl including 5-8 atoms is not [l,2,4]-oxadiazolyl.
  • R f e.g., -SO 2 R n
  • R e optionally substituted with from 1-3 R e
  • Other embodiments can include one of more other features described herein.
  • Another subset of compounds includes those in which:
  • R 3 has formula (A-4); and W is a bond;
  • A is tetrahydroquinolyl or tetrahydroisoquinolyl, which is (a) substituted with 1 R f (e.g., -SO 2 R n ), and (b) optionally substituted with from 1-2 R e .
  • R f e.g., -SO 2 R n
  • Other embodiments can include one of more other features described herein.
  • Another subset of compounds includes those in which:
  • R 3 has formula (A-4); and W is a bond;
  • A is benzo[b]thienyl- 1,1 -dioxide, 3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyrano[2,3-b]pyridyl-l,l- dioxide, or 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]thienyl- 1,1 -dioxide, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1-3 R e .
  • Other embodiments can include one of more other features described herein.
  • Another subset of compounds includes those in which:
  • R 3 has formula D-I;
  • R 32 can be hydrogen or R e (e.g., halo, e.g., fluoro, or chloro);
  • W can be as defined anywhere herein (e.g., -O- or a bond);
  • each of R ⁇ 2 and R A23 is, independently, hydrogen or R e ; and
  • one of R A24 and R A25 is R f , e.g.:
  • R ⁇ 2 , R A23 , R A24 , and R A25 can be as defined anywhere herein. Other embodiments can include one of more other features described herein.
  • R 32 can be hydrogen; or R 32 can be halo (e.g., chloro or fluoro).
  • W can be a bond; -O-; Ci_ 3 alkylene (e.g., -CH 2 -); C 2 ⁇ alkynylene (e.g., -C ⁇ C-); - O(Ci_3 alkylene)- (e.g., -OCH 2 -); or -(Ci -3 alkylene)O- (e.g., -CH 2 O-);
  • R f can be: (i) -S(O) n R 1 , -(CH 2 ) L6 S(O) n R 0 , -NR k S(O) n R n , or -OS(O) n R 1 ; or
  • heterocycloalkenyl including 5-10 atoms or lH-benzoimidazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1 -3 R e ; or
  • R e at each occurrence is, independently, halo; Ci-C 6 alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a ; Q-C 3 haloalkyl; Q-C 3 alkoxy; NR s R h ; phenyl; or 4-fluorophenyl; in which R n , n, R k , R f , R s , R h , R J , and R e at each occurrence can be, independently of one another, as defined anywhere herein.
  • R f can be:
  • R f can be -S(O) n R n (e.g., n can be 2; e.g., R n can be Ci-Ci 0 alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a ; or NR s R h ).
  • R e can be present or absent (i.e., the positions not occupied by W and R f can all be attached to hydrogen or R e ; or a combination thereof).
  • W can be attached to the 2-position of the pyridyl ring, and
  • R f can be attached to the 4- or the 6-position of the pyridyl ring.
  • Such rings can be further substituted with 1, 2 or 3 R e (e.g., halo, e.g., chloro; or NR s R h , e.g., NH 2 ).
  • R e e.g., halo, e.g., chloro; or NR s R h , e.g., NH 2
  • W can be attached to the 2-position of the pyridyl ring
  • R f can be attached to the 6-position of the pyridyl ring
  • 1 R e can be attached to the 4-position of the pyridyl ring.
  • W can be attached to the 2-position of the pyridyl ring
  • R f can be attached to the 6- position of the pyridyl ring
  • an R e substituent can be attached to the 3-, 4-, and 5-positions of the pyridyl ring.
  • W can be attached to the 3 -position of the pyridyl ring, and R f can be attached to the 5-position of the pyridyl ring.
  • R e e.g., halo, e.g., chloro; orNR s R h , e.g., NH 2 ).
  • a further subset of compounds includes those in which R 3 has formula F:
  • R e can be hydrogen; halo; C 1 -C 3 alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a ; C 1 - C3 haloalkyl; C 1 -C3 alkoxy; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; NR s R h ; phenyl; or 4-fluorophenyl.
  • R e can be hydrogen; halo; Ci-Ce alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a (e.g., R a can be C(O)NR s R h ); C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl; C 1 -C 3 alkoxy; NR s R h ; phenyl; or 4- fluorophenyl.
  • R e can be hydrogen; halo; C 1 -C 3 alkyl, optionally substituted with from 1-2 R a (e.g., R a can be C(O)NR s R h ); hydroxyl; cyano; or nitro.
  • the compounds can have formula (II):
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 can be as defined anywhere herein (generically, subgenerically, or specifically).
  • the compounds can have formula (III):
  • R 2 , R 3 , and R 7 can be as defined herein (generically, subgenerically, or specifically).
  • the compounds can have formula (IV) or (IV-I):
  • R 2 , W, A, R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 32 can be as defined herein (generically, subgenerically, or specifically).
  • the compounds can have formula (V):
  • R 2 , W, A, R 7 , and R 32 can be as defined herein (generically, subgenerically, or specifically).
  • the compounds described herein can be synthesized according to methods described herein and/or conventional, organic chemical synthesis methods from commercially available starting materials and reagents.
  • the compounds described herein can be separated from a reaction mixture and further purified by a method such as column chromatography, high- pressure liquid chromatography, or recrystallization.
  • a method such as column chromatography, high- pressure liquid chromatography, or recrystallization.
  • further methods of synthesizing the compounds of the formulae herein will be evident to those of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, the various synthetic steps may be performed in an alternate sequence or order to give the desired compounds.
  • Synthetic chemistry transformations and protecting group methodologies (protection and deprotection) useful in synthesizing the compounds described herein are known in the art and include, for example, those such as described in R.
  • Quino line -phenols (a nonlimiting example of which is compound 100 is shown at the top of Scheme 1) can be prepared, for example, as described in Collini et al., US 2005/0131014, which is incorporated by reference herein, and reacted with a halogenated arylsulfone (e.g., 102) or a halogenated arylsulfonamide (e.g., 101).
  • a halogenated arylsulfone e.g., 102
  • a halogenated arylsulfonamide e.g., 101
  • halogen is a fluorine or chlorine
  • an aromatic displacement is typically performed, usually in a polar, aprotic solvent such as DMF, DSMO, and the like in the presence of a base, e.g., potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate, at elevated temperatures, typically from about 100-150 0 C for several hours to several days.
  • a base e.g., potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate
  • a coupling procedure using a copper salt e.g., CuI
  • a ligand such as N,N-dimethylglycine or L-proline
  • a solvent such as 1,4-dioxane.
  • Halogenated arylsulfones can be prepared using a variety of conventional synthetic approaches.
  • the synthesis can include the partial reduction of a commercial halogenated arylsulfonyl chloride using sodium sulfite and sodium bicarbonate in water, typically at 95-100 0 C for 0.5 to 1 h to provide the sodium arylsulfinate.
  • the reaction is cooled, treated with an alkylating agent such as an alkylating agent R-LG in which LG is a leaving group such as a bromide, iodine, or tosylate.
  • alkylating agents can include without limitation ethyl iodide, 3-bromopropan-l-ol, and the like.
  • a phase transfer catalyst typically tetrabutylammonium bromide, is added and the two-phase mixture is heated at 40- 100 0 C for several hours to provide the halogenated arylsulfones (Scheme 2).
  • halogenated thiophenols can be alkylated with an alkylating agent in the presence of a base, typically potassium carbonate, in an appropriate solvent such as acetone.
  • a base typically potassium carbonate
  • the reaction is typically heated at 40 to 65°C for 1-4 h, cooled, and treated with aqueous sodium bicarbonate and Oxone. After 18-48 h, the desired halogenated arylsulfones is isolated (Scheme 3).
  • aryl bromides and iodides can be converted to halogenated arylsulfones, in particular methylsulfones, using a copper-catalyzed coupling reaction employing sodium methylsulfinate (Scheme 4).
  • halogenated arylsulfonamides can be prepared by reaction of halogenated arylsulfonyl chlorides with amines (Scheme 5).
  • biarylethers can be prepared by displacement reactions between 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-quino lines and halogenated arylsulfones in which the halogen is preferably fluorine or chlorine.
  • the reactions are typically heated at 100 to 150 0 C in a polar solvent such as DMF, DMSO, and N-methylpyrrolidine for several hours to several days (Scheme 6).
  • biarylethers can be synthesized by a coupling reaction between 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-quino lines and halogenated arylsulfones where the halogen is preferably bromine or iodine.
  • the reactions are typically heated at 100 to 150 0 C in a polar solvent such as DMSO, for several hours to several days, with a copper solubilizing reagent such as L-proline (Scheme 7).
  • the quinoline-biarylether-methylsulfones described herein can be further elaborated by forming the anion of the methylsulfone, typically using a strong base such as n-butyl lithium of sec-butyl lithium in a solvent such as ether or THF, typically at 0 0 C to ambient temperatures, followed by addition of an epoxide to form the 3- hydroxypropylsulfone as shown in Scheme 8 below.
  • biarylethers with sulfonamide groups can be prepared by displacement reactions between 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-quino lines and halogenated arylsulfonamides where the halogen is preferably fluorine.
  • the reactions are typically heated at 100 to 150 0 C in a polar solvent such as DMF, DMSO, or N-methylpyrrolidine for 2 hours to 2 days (Scheme 9).
  • biarylethers with sulfonamide substituents can be synthesized by a coupling reaction between 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-quino lines and halogenated arylsulfonamides where the halogen is preferably bromine or iodine.
  • the reactions are typically heated at 100 to 150 0 C in a solvent such as 1,4-dioxane, for several hours to several days, with a copper solubilizing reagent such as L-proline or N,N-dimethylglycine and a base such as cesium carbonate (Scheme 10).
  • alkylation of 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-quinolines with arylalkylhalides (aralkyl halides) in a solvent such as acetonitrile or DMF in the presence of a base, typically cesium carbonate or potassium carbonate, generally with heating at reflux for 6 to 24 hours, can provide the benzylsulfone substitution as shown in Scheme 11.
  • Preparation of quino line-aryl-CH 2 O-arylsulfones or quino line-aryl-CH 2 O- arylsulfonamides can be accomplished by conversion of a 4-(3-hydroxymethylphenyl) quinoline into the corresponding bromide by conventional methods, e.g., reaction with a brominating agent such as phosphorous tribromide in a solvent such as dichloromethane or the like.
  • a phenol (or heterophenol) can be alkylated with the benyzlic bromide under typical alkylation conditions as described in Scheme 11 above or using other conditions such as sodium hydride or other base in the presence of a solvent such as DMF or THF (Scheme 12).
  • biarylmethylenes can be prepared via the use of 4-(3- [(HO) 2 B] -phenyl-quino line by coupling methods using pinacolatoborane and an appropriate catalyst, e.g., a palladium catalyst, e.g., palladium tetrakistriphenylphosphine (Pd(PPh) 3 ) 4 with a base, typically a carbonate of cesium, sodium, or potassium.
  • a palladium catalyst e.g., palladium tetrakistriphenylphosphine (Pd(PPh) 3 ) 4
  • a base typically a carbonate of cesium, sodium, or potassium.
  • the borolane formed undergoes reaction with a benzylic halide, typically a benzylic bromide, to form the quinoline biarylmethylene (Scheme 13).
  • R' H or -CMe 2 CMe 2 -
  • biarylmethylenes can be prepared by employing the benzylhalide as described in Scheme 12, and using an arylboronic acid or heteroarylboronic acid and similar conditions to those described for Scheme 13 (Scheme 14).
  • quinoline-arylbenzylic halide to arylborolane coupling e.g., Biaryl-methylenes with sulfonamide substitution
  • biarylmethylenes with sulfonamide substitution can be prepared by coupling a borolane with a benzylic bromide as in Scheme 13 using analogous conditions.
  • the benzylic bromide contains a sulfonic acid ester with a leaving group such as pentafluorophenol which can be displaced by an amine (HNR s R h ) by heating in a solvent such as THF and the like in the presence of a tertiary amine base such as DBU and the like.
  • HNR s R h an amine
  • biaryl or aryl-heteroaryl compounds can be prepared by coupling of a bromide, iodide, or triflate on the 4-phenylquinoline with a boronic acid with suitable substitution using typical Suzuki conditions including a palladium catalyst such as Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 and the like along with a base, typically at elevated temperatures (50 - 110 0 C).
  • a palladium catalyst such as Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 and the like
  • biaryl or aryl-heteroaryl compounds can be prepared by coupling of a borolane containing 4-phenylquinoline with an arylbromide or aryliodide or with a heteroarylbromide or heteroaryliodide with suitable substitution.
  • Typical Suzuki conditions are used, e.g., as in Scheme 16, such as a palladium catalyst, e.g., Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 , with a base, typically at elevated temperatures (50 - 110 0 C).
  • biarylethersulfones contain a heteroaryl group such as a pyridine
  • 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)quinoline can be reacted with 2,6-difluoropyridine in a polar solvent such as DMF, in the presence of a base, e.g., potassium carbonate, to afford a 2- fluoropyridine intermediate which can be reacted with sodium alkylsulfinate in a polar solvent such as DMF to give the target pyridine-sulfone (Scheme 19).
  • pyridine sulfone can be prepared by reaction of 2-chloro-4- fluoropyridine with a sodium salt of a thiol in a polar solvent such as DMF to afford a 4- alkylthio-2-chloropyridine which in turn is reacted with a 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)quinoline under similar conditions to those above and the resulting sulfide can, if desired, be oxidized up to the corresponding sulfone using OXONE® (brand name for 2HKO 5 S-HKO 4 S-K 2 O 4 S) or other oxidants (Scheme 20).
  • OXONE® brand name for 2HKO 5 S-HKO 4 S-K 2 O 4 S
  • pyridine-sulfone can be prepared by the copper- induced coupling of 3-bromo-5-(methylsulfonyl)pyridine with a 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)quinoline, typically using CuI in the presence of N,N-dimethylglycine hydrochloride in the presence of a base such as cesium carbonate in 1 ,4-dioxane at elevated temperature, typically at reflux (Scheme 21).
  • pyridine sulfone can be prepared by coupling a 4-bromo-2- alkylthio-pyridine with a 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)quinoline under similar coupling conditions as in Scheme 21 followed by oxidation with OXONE® to the sulfone as in Scheme 20 (Scheme
  • substituted pyridylsulfones can be prepared as outlined in Scheme 23 using a trichloropyridine.
  • bicyclic pyridylsulfones can be prepared from known intermediates as shown in Scheme 25.
  • Scheme 25
  • quinolines containing biarylmethylenes with small heterocycles such as 2-imidazolinones and 2-oxazolidinones
  • quinolines containing biarylmethylenes with small heterocycles can be prepared by coupling of imidazolinones or oxazolidinones to an bromobenzyl alcohol or iodobenzyl alcohol using copper-induced coupling to afford the benzyl alcohols substituted with 2-imidazolinones or 2- oxazolidinones.
  • the alcohols can be converted to the bromides, typically using PBr 3 , as described in Scheme 12. These are coupled to quinoline containing a borolane under conditions like those in Scheme 13. (Scheme 26).
  • Quinoline biarylethers containing substitutents NHSO 2 R 11 , NHC(O)OR, and NHC(0)NHR h can be prepared by reacting a fluoronitrobenzene with a quinoline -phenol in a polar solvent such as DMF or DMA in the presence of a base, typically potassium carbonate at elevated temperatures, typically 80 - 150 0 C, for typically 4 to 24 hours.
  • the nitro group is reduced in the product, typically with tin metal in hydrochloric acid with a cosolvent such as methanol or ethanol, or by hydrogenation with a palladium catalyst where applicable.
  • the resulting amine can be reacted with isocyanates to afford ureas, with alkyl chloroformates to afford carbamates, and with alkylsulfonyl chlorides or arylsulfonyl chlorides to afford sulfonamides, as in Scheme 27.
  • isocyanates to afford ureas
  • alkyl chloroformates to afford carbamates
  • alkylsulfonyl chlorides or arylsulfonyl chlorides to afford sulfonamides
  • amide substitution in which the amide is secondary and contains a hydroxyl propyl or hydoxyethyl can be cyclized using triflic anhydride to afford the analogous oxazolines as in Scheme 28.
  • oxadiazoles can be prepared by the reaction of an ester with an amino-oxime as in Scheme 29.
  • imidazolines can be prepared by reaction of an ester with a diamine as in Scheme 30.
  • the compounds of this invention may contain one or more asymmetric centers and thus occur as racemates and racemic mixtures, single enantiomers, individual diastereomers and diastereomeric mixtures. All such isomeric forms of these compounds are expressly included in the present invention.
  • the compounds of this invention may also contain linkages (e.g., carbon-carbon bonds, carbon-nitrogen bonds such as amide bonds) wherein bond rotation is restricted about that particular linkage, e.g. restriction resulting from the presence of a ring or double bond. Accordingly, all cis/trans and E/Z isomers and rotational isomers are expressly included in the present invention.
  • the compounds of this invention may also be represented in multiple tautomeric forms, in such instances, the invention expressly includes all tautomeric forms of the compounds described herein, even though only a single tautomeric form may be represented (e.g., alkylation of a ring system may result in alkylation at multiple sites, the invention expressly includes all such reaction products). All such isomeric forms of such compounds are expressly included in the present invention. All crystal forms of the compounds described herein are expressly included in the present invention.
  • the compounds of this invention include the compounds themselves, as well as their salts and their prodrugs, if applicable.
  • a salt for example, can be formed between an anion and a positively charged substituent (e.g., amino) on a compound described herein. Suitable anions include chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, citrate, methanesulfonate, trifluoroacetate, and acetate.
  • a salt can also be formed between a cation and a negatively charged substituent (e.g., carboxylate) on a compound described herein.
  • Suitable cations include sodium ion, potassium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, and an ammonium cation such as tetramethylammonium ion.
  • Examples of prodrugs include esters and other pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives, which, upon administration to a subject, are capable of providing active compounds.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include those derived from pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic and organic acids and bases.
  • suitable acid salts include acetate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, citrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycolate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, palmoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate,
  • Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal (e.g., sodium), alkaline earth metal (e.g., magnesium), ammonium and N-(alkyl) 4 + salts.
  • alkali metal e.g., sodium
  • alkaline earth metal e.g., magnesium
  • ammonium e.g., ammonium
  • N-(alkyl) 4 + salts e.g., sodium
  • alkali metal e.g., sodium
  • alkaline earth metal e.g., magnesium
  • ammonium e.g., sodium
  • N-(alkyl) 4 + salts e.g., sodium
  • alkali metal e.g., sodium
  • alkaline earth metal e.g., magnesium
  • ammonium e.g., ammonium
  • N-(alkyl) 4 + salts e.g., sodium
  • alkaline earth metal e.g., magnesium
  • ammonium e.g.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or adjuvant refers to a carrier or adjuvant that may be administered to a subject (e.g., a patient), together with a compound of this invention, and which does not destroy the pharmacological activity thereof and is nontoxic when administered in doses sufficient to deliver a therapeutic amount of the compound.
  • compositions of this invention include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) such as d- ⁇ - tocopherol polyethyleneglycol 1000 succinate, surfactants used in pharmaceutical dosage forms such as Tweens or other similar polymeric delivery matrices, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polylene glycol, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium
  • Cyclodextrins such as ⁇ -, ⁇ -, and ⁇ -cyclodextrin, or chemically modified derivatives such as hydroxyalkylcyclodextrins, including 2- and 3- hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrins, or other solubilized derivatives may also be advantageously used to enhance delivery of compounds of the formulae described herein.
  • the compounds described herein can be used for treating (e.g., controlling, ameliorating, preventing, delaying the onset of, or reducing the risk of developing) one or more diseases, disorders, conditions or symptoms mediated by LXRs (e.g., cardiovascular diseases (e.g., acute coronary syndrome, restenosis), atherosclerosis, atherosclerotic lesions, type I diabetes, type II diabetes, Syndrome X, obesity, lipid disorders (e.g., dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL and high LDL), cognitive disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, dementia), inflammatory diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, endometriosis, LPS-induced sepsis, acute contact dermatitis of the ear, chronic atherosclerotic inflammation of the artery wall), celiac, or thyroiditis)).
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • a disorder or physiological condition that is mediated by LXR refers to a disorder or condition wherein LXR can trigger the onset of the condition, or where inhibition of a particular LXR can affect signaling in such a way so as to treat, control, ameliorate, prevent, delay the onset of, or reduce the risk of developing the disorder or condition.
  • cardiovascular diseases e.g., acute coronary syndrome, restenosis
  • atherosclerosis atherosclerotic lesions
  • type I diabetes type II diabetes
  • Syndrome X obesity
  • lipid disorders e.g., dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL and high LDL
  • cognitive disorders e.g., Alzheimer's disease, dementia
  • inflammatory diseases e.g., multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, endometriosis, LPS- induced sepsis, acute contact dermatitis of the ear, chronic atherosclerotic inflammation of the artery wall), celiac, or thyroiditis).
  • LXR modulators that activate cholesterol efflux e.g., upregulate ABCAl
  • SREBP-Ic expression and triglyceride synthesis in liver can both reduce atherosclerotic risk and minimize the likelihood of concommitantly increasing serum and hepatic triglyceride levels.
  • Candidate compounds having differential activity for regulating ABCAl (ABCGl) vs. SREBP-Ic can be can be evaluated using conventional pharmacological test procedures, which measure the affinity of a candidate compound to bind to LXR and to upregulate the gene ABCAl.
  • LXR ligands can be identified initially in cell- free LXR beta and LXR alpha competition binding assays. LXR ligands can be further characterized by gene expression profiling for tissue selective gene regulation. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein have agonist activity for
  • the compounds described herein preferentially antagonize SREBP-Ic activation (a marker for genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis) but do not substantially affect (e.g., have relatively minimal or additive effects) on ABCAl gene expression or genes known to enhance HDL biogenesis (based on a competition assay with known potent synthetic LXR agonists).
  • Cell type or tissue specificity may be further evaluated in additional cell lines, intestinal, CaCo2 or liver, HepG2 and Huh-7 cells where ABCAl activity is believed to influence net cholesterol absorption and reverse cholesterol transport.
  • additional cell lines intestinal, CaCo2 or liver, HepG2 and Huh-7 cells where ABCAl activity is believed to influence net cholesterol absorption and reverse cholesterol transport.
  • the compounds described herein have agonist activity for ABCAl and antagonist activity for SREBP-Ic (e.g., as determined by gene specific modulation in cell based assays).
  • the compounds described herein (in the agonist mode) have at least about 20% efficacy for ABCAl activation by LXR and do not substantially agonize SREBP-Ic (at most about 25% efficacy relative to a reference compound N-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-N-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoro- 1 -hydroxy- 1 -trifluoromethyl-ethyl)- phenyl]-benzenesulfonamide (Schultz, Joshua R., Genes & Development (2000), 14(22), 2831-2838)).
  • the compounds described herein (in the antagonist mode) do not substantially antagonize ABCAl gene expression. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that there may be an additive effect on ABCAl gene expression relative to the reference compound at their EC50 concentration. In certain embodiments, the compounds described herein (in the antagonist mode) inhibited agonist- mediated SREBP-Ic gene expression in a dose dependent fashion. In some embodiments, to study the effect of the compounds of formula (I) on skin aging, for example, in a clinical trial, cells can be isolated and RNA prepared and analyzed for the levels of expression of TIMPl, ABCA 12, decorin, TNF ⁇ , MMPl, MMP3, and/or IL- 8.
  • the levels of gene expression can be quantified, for example, by Northern blot analysis or RT-PCR, by measuring the amount of protein produced, or by measuring the levels of activity of TIMP 1 , ABCA 12, decorin, TNF ⁇ , MMP 1 , MMP3 , and/or
  • the gene expression pattern can serve as a marker, indicative of the physiological response of the cells to the compounds of formula (I). Accordingly, this response state may be determined before, and at various points during, treatment of the individual with the compounds of formula (I).
  • expression levels of cytokines and metalloproteases described herein can be used to facilitate design and/or identification of compounds that treat skin aging through an LXR-based mechanism.
  • the invention provides methods (also referred to herein as “screening assays") for identifying modulators, i.e., LXR modulators, that have a stimulatory or inhibitory effect on, for example, TIMPl, ABCA 12, decorin, TNF ⁇ , MMPl, MMP3, and/or IL-8 expression.
  • modulators i.e., LXR modulators
  • An exemplary screening assay is a cell-based assay in which a cell that expresses LXR is contacted with a test compound, and the ability of the test compound to modulate TIMPl, ABCA12, decorin, TNF ⁇ , MMPl, MMP3, and/or IL-8 expression through an LXR- based mechanism.
  • Determining the ability of the test compound to modulate TIMPl, ABCA12, decorin, TNF ⁇ , MMPl, MMP3, and/or IL-8 expression can be accomplished by monitoring, for example, DNA, mRNA, or protein levels, or by measuring the levels of activity of TIMPl, ABCA12, decorin, TNF ⁇ , MMPl, MMP3, and/or IL-8, all by methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the cell for example, can be of mammalian origin, e.g., human.
  • cells can be isolated and RNA prepared and analyzed for the levels of expression of ApoD and other genes implicated in osteoarthritis (for example, TNF ⁇ ).
  • the levels of gene expression i.e., a gene expression pattern
  • a gene expression pattern can be quantified by Northern blot analysis or RT-PCR, by measuring the amount of protein produced, or by measuring the levels of activity of ApoD or other genes, all by methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the gene expression pattern can serve as a marker, indicative of the physiological response of the cells to the LXR modulator. Accordingly, this response state may be determined before, and at various points during, treatment of the individual with the LXR modulator.
  • An exemplary screening assay is a cell-based assay in which a cell that expresses LXR is contacted with a test compound, and the ability of the test compound to modulate ApoD expression and/or aggrecanase activity and/or cytokine elaboration through an LXR- based mechanism. Determining the ability of the test compound to modulate ApoD expression and/or aggrecanase activity and/or cytokine elaboration can be accomplished by monitoring, for example, DNA, mRNA, or protein levels, or by measuring the levels of activity of ApoD, aggrecanase, and/or TNF ⁇ , all by methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the cell for example, can be of mammalian origin, e.g., human.
  • the compounds described herein can be coadministered with one or more other threapeutic agents.
  • the additional agents may be administered separately, as part of a multiple dose regimen, from the compounds of this invention (e.g., sequentially, e.g., on different overlapping schedules with the administration of one or more compounds of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof)).
  • these agents may be part of a single dosage form, mixed together with the compounds of this invention in a single composition.
  • these agents can be given as a separate dose that is administered at about the same time that one or more compounds of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) are administered (e.g., simultaneously with the administration of one or more compounds of formula (I) (including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof)).
  • compositions of this invention include a combination of a compound of the formulae described herein and one or more additional therapeutic or prophylactic agents, both the compound and the additional agent can be present at dosage levels of between about 1 to
  • the compounds and compositions described herein can, for example, be administered orally, parenterally (e.g., subcutaneously, intracutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, intraarticularly, intraarterially, intrasynovially, intrasternally, intrathecally, intralesionally and by intracranial injection or infusion techniques), by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally, via an implanted reservoir, by injection, subdermally, intraperitoneally, transmucosally, or in an ophthalmic preparation, with a dosage ranging from about 0.01 mg/Kg to about 1000 mg/Kg, (e.g., from about 0.01 to about 100 mg/kg, from about 0.1 to about 100 mg/Kg, from about 1 to about 100 mg/Kg, from about 1 to about
  • compositions are administered by oral administration or administration by injection.
  • the methods herein contemplate administration of an effective amount of compound or compound composition to achieve the desired or stated effect.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention will be administered from about 1 to about 6 times per day or alternatively, as a continuous infusion. Such administration can be used as a chronic or acute therapy.
  • the amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration.
  • a typical preparation will contain from about 5% to about 95% active compound (w/w).
  • such preparations contain from about 20% to about 80% active compound. Lower or higher doses than those recited above may be required.
  • Specific dosage and treatment regimens for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors, including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health status, sex, diet, time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, the severity and course of the disease, condition or symptoms, the patient's disposition to the disease, condition or symptoms, and the judgment of the treating physician.
  • a maintenance dose of a compound, composition or combination of this invention may be administered, if necessary. Subsequently, the dosage or frequency of administration, or both, may be reduced, as a function of the symptoms, to a level at which the improved condition is retained when the symptoms have been alleviated to the desired level. Patients may, however, require intermittent treatment on a long-term basis upon any recurrence of disease symptoms.
  • compositions of this invention may contain any conventional non- toxic pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers, adjuvants or vehicles.
  • pH of the formulation may be adjusted with pharmaceutically acceptable acids, bases or buffers to enhance the stability of the formulated compound or its delivery form.
  • compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable preparation, for example, as a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension.
  • This suspension may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents (such as, for example, Tween 80) and suspending agents.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
  • suitable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are mannitol, water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
  • any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides.
  • Fatty acids, such as oleic acid and its glyceride derivatives are useful in the preparation of injectables, as are natural pharmaceutically-acceptable oils, such as olive oil or castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions.
  • These oil solutions or suspensions may also contain a long-chain alcohol diluent or dispersant, or carboxymethyl cellulose or similar dispersing agents which are commonly used in the formulation of pharmaceutically acceptable dosage forms such as emulsions and or suspensions.
  • surfactants such as Tweens or Spans and/or other similar emulsifying agents or bioavailability enhancers which are commonly used in the manufacture of pharmaceutically acceptable solid, liquid, or other dosage forms may also be used for the purposes of formulation.
  • compositions of this invention may be orally administered in any orally acceptable dosage form including, but not limited to, capsules, tablets, emulsions and aqueous suspensions, dispersions and solutions.
  • carriers which are commonly used include lactose and corn starch.
  • Lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added.
  • useful diluents include lactose and dried corn starch.
  • compositions of this invention may also be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration.
  • These compositions can be prepared by mixing a compound of this invention with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at room temperature but liquid at the rectal temperature and therefore will melt in the rectum to release the active components.
  • suitable non-irritating excipient include, but are not limited to, cocoa butter, beeswax and polyethylene glycols.
  • Topical administration of the compositions of this invention is useful when the desired treatment involves areas or organs readily accessible by topical application.
  • the composition should be formulated with a suitable ointment containing the active components suspended or dissolved in a carrier.
  • Carriers for topical administration of the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, liquid petroleum, white petroleum, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene compound, emulsifying wax and water.
  • the composition can be formulated with a suitable lotion or cream containing the active compound suspended or dissolved in a carrier with suitable emulsifying agents.
  • Suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 60, cetyl esters wax, cetearyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, benzyl alcohol and water.
  • the compositions of this invention may also be topically applied to the lower intestinal tract by rectal suppository formulation or in a suitable enema formulation.
  • Topically-transdermal patches are also included in this invention. Also within the invention is a patch to deliver active chemotherapeutic combinations herein.
  • a patch includes a material layer (e.g., polymeric, cloth, gauze, bandage) and the compound of the formulae herein as delineated herein. One side of the material layer can have a protective layer adhered to it to resist passage of the compounds or compositions.
  • the patch can additionally include an adhesive to hold the patch in place on a subject.
  • An adhesive is a composition, including those of either natural or synthetic origin, that when contacted with the skin of a subject, temporarily adheres to the skin. It can be water resistant. The adhesive can be placed on the patch to hold it in contact with the skin of the subject for an extended period of time.
  • the adhesive can be made of a tackiness, or adhesive strength, such that it holds the device in place subject to incidental contact, however, upon an affirmative act (e.g., ripping, peeling, or other intentional removal) the adhesive gives way to the external pressure placed on the device or the adhesive itself, and allows for breaking of the adhesion contact.
  • the adhesive can be pressure sensitive, that is, it can allow for positioning of the adhesive (and the device to be adhered to the skin) against the skin by the application of pressure (e.g., pushing, rubbing,) on the adhesive or device.
  • compositions of this invention may be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation.
  • Such compositions are prepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other solubilizing or dispersing agents known in the art.
  • a composition having the compound of the formulae herein and an additional agent can be administered using any of the routes of administration described herein.
  • a composition having the compound of the formulae herein and an additional agent can be administered using an implantable device.
  • Implantable devices and related technology are known in the art and are useful as delivery systems where a continuous, or timed-release delivery of compounds or compositions delineated herein is desired. Additionally, the implantable device delivery system is useful for targeting specific points of compound or composition delivery (e.g., localized sites, organs). Negrin et al., Biomaterials, 22(6):563 (2001). Timed-release technology involving alternate delivery methods can also be used in this invention. For example, timed-release formulations based on polymer technologies, sustained-release techniques and encapsulation techniques (e.g., polymeric, liposomal) can also be used for delivery of the compounds and compositions delineated herein.
  • the title compound was prepared using 2-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and 3-bromo- l-propanol as the alkylating agent.
  • the title compound was prepared using 3-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and 4-bromo-2-methylbutan-2-ol as the alkylating agent.
  • Example 5 5-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]pentan-l-ol
  • the title compound was prepared using 3-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and 5-bromo-l-pentanol as the alkylating agent.
  • MS (ES) m/z 246.9.
  • the title compound was prepared using 5-fluoro-2-methylbenzene-l-sulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and iodomethane as the alkylating agent. mp 77 0 C; MS (ES) m/z 188.9.
  • the title compound was prepared using 5-bromo-2-methylbenzene-l-sulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and iodoethane as the alkylating agent. mp 49 0 C; MS (ES) m/z 262.7.
  • the title compound was prepared using 3-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and l-bromo-3-methylbutane as the alkylating agent.
  • Example 11 l-fluoro-3-(isobutylsulfonyl)benzene
  • the title compound was prepared using 3-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and 1 -bromo-2-methylpropane as the alkylating agent.
  • the title compound was prepared using 3-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and 1 -iodopropane as the alkylating agent.
  • the title compound was prepared using 3-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and 3-bromo-l-propanol as the alkylating agent.
  • the title compound was prepared using 3-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and 2-iodopropane as the alkylating agent.
  • the title compound was prepared using 3,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and 3-bromo-l-propanol as the alkylating agent. mp 80-82 0 C; MS (ES) m/z 268.9.
  • the title compound was prepared using 3-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and l-bromo-3-methoxypropane as the alkylating agent.
  • the title compound was prepared using 3,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and l-bromo-3-methylbutane as the alkylating agent. mp 64-65 0 C; MS (ESI) m/z 280; HRMS: calcd for C 11 H 14 Cl 2 O 2 S, 280.00915; found (EI, M+.), 280.0078.
  • the title compound was prepared using 3-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and cyclopenyliodide as the alkylating agent.
  • the title compound was prepared using 2,5-dibromobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and methyliodode as the alkylating agent.
  • Example 23 4-bromo-l-methoxy-2-(methylsulfonyl)benzene The title compound was prepared using 5-bromo- 1 -methoxy-benzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and methyliodode as the alkylating agent. MS (ES) m/z 264.8.
  • Example 24 The title compound was prepared using 4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and iodopropane as the alkylating agent. l-fluoro-4-(propylsulfonyl)benzene
  • the title compound was prepared using 4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and allylbromide as the alkylating agent.
  • the title compound was prepared using 4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and l-(bromomethyl)-3-chlorobenzene as the alkylating agent.
  • the title compound was prepared using 4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and ethyl 2-(4-(bromomethyl)phenyl)acetate as the alkylating agent.
  • Example 29 l-fluoro-4-[(3-methylbutyl)sulfonyl]benzene
  • the title compound was prepared using 4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and l-bromo-3-methylbutane as the alkylating agent.
  • MS (ES) m/z 231.0.
  • the title compound was prepared using 4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and 3-bromo- l-propanol as the alkylating agent.
  • the title compound was prepared using 4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride andl-(bromomethyl)-2-fluorobenzene as the alkylating agent.
  • Example 34 2,5-dimethylbenzyl-4-fhiorophenyl sulfone
  • the title compound was prepared using 4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as the arylsulfonyl chloride and 2-(bromomethyl)-l,4-dimethylbenzene as the alkylating agent.
  • the title compound was prepared using 3-fluorobenzenethiol as the as the thiophenol and iodomethane as the alkylating agent.
  • the title compound was prepared using 3-fluorobenzenethiol as the as the thiophenol and 3-bromo-l-propanol as the alkylating agent.
  • the title compound was prepared using l-bromo-3-chloro-5-fluorobenzene as the arylbromide.
  • Example 42 l,3-difluoro-5-(methylsulfonyl)benzene
  • the title compound was prepared using l-bromo-3,5-difluorobenzene as the arylbromide.
  • Example 43 In a similar manner to that described for Example 43 above, the following compounds were prepared using the corresponding halogenated arylsulfone and quinoline phenol, and eluting with an appropriate eluent.
  • additional purification using reverse phase chromatography was used to further purify the compounds.
  • ethyl acetate was used in place of methylene chloride in the extraction step.
  • Example 67 3-benzyl-4- ⁇ 3-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl ⁇ -8-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline MS (ES) m/z 533.8.
  • Example 68 3-benzyl-4- ⁇ 3-[3-(isobutylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl ⁇ -8-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline
  • Example 84 4- ⁇ 3-[3-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl ⁇ -8-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline mp 147 0 C; MS (ES) m/z 457.9; HRMS: calcd for C 24 H 18 F 3 NO 3 S + H+, 458.10322; found (ESI, [M+H] + ), 458.1019.
  • Example 85 4- ⁇ 3-[3-(propylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl ⁇ -8-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline mp 133 0 C; MS (ESI) m/z 472.1199; HRMS: calcd for C 25 H 20 F 3 NO 3 S + H+, 472.11887; found (ESI, [M+H] + ), 472.1199.
  • Example 110 4- ⁇ 3-[4-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl ⁇ -8-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline mp 147-149 0 C; MS (ES) m/z 457.8.
  • Example 125 is the same compound as Example 1 10 but using the method described in Example 124.
  • Example 127 In a similar manner to that described for Example 127 above, the following compounds were prepared using the corresponding halogenated arylsulfonamide and quinoline phenol, and eluting with an appropriate eluent, varying temperature based on substitution.
  • meta-haloarylsulfonamides were subjected to higher temperatures, typically 150 0 C, while ortho- and para-haloarylsulfonamides can react at lower temperatures, typically 100 0 C to 150 0 C. In some instances, higher yields were obtained when R is not H.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Obesity (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Reproductive Health (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Endocrinology (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Rheumatology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Gynecology & Obstetrics (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • Psychiatry (AREA)
  • Pregnancy & Childbirth (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
EP07844372A 2006-10-18 2007-10-18 Quinoline compounds Withdrawn EP2074098A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US85258806P 2006-10-18 2006-10-18
PCT/US2007/081738 WO2008049047A2 (en) 2006-10-18 2007-10-18 Quinoline compounds

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2074098A2 true EP2074098A2 (en) 2009-07-01

Family

ID=38962854

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07844372A Withdrawn EP2074098A2 (en) 2006-10-18 2007-10-18 Quinoline compounds

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2074098A2 (zh)
JP (1) JP2010506954A (zh)
CN (1) CN101541751A (zh)
AU (1) AU2007311046A1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2666508A1 (zh)
CL (1) CL2007002996A1 (zh)
MX (1) MX2009003942A (zh)
TW (1) TW200825054A (zh)
WO (1) WO2008049047A2 (zh)

Families Citing this family (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080186971A1 (en) * 2007-02-02 2008-08-07 Tarari, Inc. Systems and methods for processing access control lists (acls) in network switches using regular expression matching logic
EP2025674A1 (de) 2007-08-15 2009-02-18 sanofi-aventis Substituierte Tetrahydronaphthaline, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als Arzneimittel
GB0801416D0 (en) * 2008-01-25 2008-03-05 Piramed Ltd Pharmaceutical compounds
WO2009127822A2 (en) * 2008-04-16 2009-10-22 Biolipox Ab Bis-aryl compounds for use as medicaments
CA2742023A1 (en) * 2008-11-19 2010-05-27 Wyeth Llc Polar quinazolines as liver x receptors ( lxrs ) modulators
KR101699991B1 (ko) 2009-02-11 2017-01-26 메르크 파텐트 게엠베하 신규의 아미노 아자헤테로시클릭 카르복사미드
WO2011107494A1 (de) 2010-03-03 2011-09-09 Sanofi Neue aromatische glykosidderivate, diese verbindungen enthaltende arzneimittel und deren verwendung
US8198300B2 (en) 2010-04-29 2012-06-12 Universidad De Chile Method for preventing tau protein aggregation and treating Alzheimer's disease with a quinoline derivative compound
US8933024B2 (en) 2010-06-18 2015-01-13 Sanofi Azolopyridin-3-one derivatives as inhibitors of lipases and phospholipases
MX2012014801A (es) * 2010-07-08 2013-01-29 Wyeth Llc Esteres de quinolina nuevos utiles para el tratamento de transtornos cutaneos.
ES2729754T3 (es) * 2010-07-29 2019-11-06 Merck Patent Gmbh Carboxamidas azaheterocíclicas de aminas cíclicas
AU2011332198A1 (en) * 2010-11-24 2013-07-11 Allergan, Inc. Modulators of S1P receptors
EP2567959B1 (en) 2011-09-12 2014-04-16 Sanofi 6-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-styryl-1h-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid amide derivatives as kinase inhibitors
KR20140088194A (ko) * 2011-11-04 2014-07-09 에프. 호프만-라 로슈 아게 아릴-퀴놀린 유도체
SG11201405378VA (en) 2012-03-02 2014-09-26 Anayaderm Inc Liver x receptor (lxr) modulators for the treatment of dermal diseases, disorders and conditions
EP2882496B1 (en) 2012-08-13 2019-10-09 The Rockefeller University Treatment and diagnosis of melanoma
EP3041834A4 (en) 2013-09-04 2017-01-18 Ralexar Therapeutics, Inc. Liver x receptor (lxr) modulators
EP3626712A3 (en) 2013-09-04 2020-04-15 Ellora Therapeutics, Inc. Liver x receptor (lxr) modulators
CN103539734B (zh) * 2013-09-25 2015-10-14 上海交通大学 3-烯丙基喹啉的制备方法
WO2017027883A1 (en) * 2015-08-13 2017-02-16 San Diego State University Research Foundation Atropisomerism for increased kinase inhibitor selectivity
AU2017207291B2 (en) 2016-01-11 2023-06-15 The Rockefeller University Methods for the treatment of myeloid derived suppressor cells related disorders
WO2018026877A1 (en) 2016-08-05 2018-02-08 Calitor Sciences, Llc Process for preparing substituted quinolin-4-ol compounds
CN111107902A (zh) * 2017-03-14 2020-05-05 丹娜法伯癌症研究所 Bax活化的用于诱导细胞死亡的小分子致敏
CA3078981A1 (en) 2017-11-21 2019-05-31 Rgenix, Inc. Polymorphs and uses thereof
SG11202006853PA (en) * 2018-01-29 2020-08-28 Capulus Therapeutics Llc Srebp inhibitors comprising a 6-membered central ring
TWI748194B (zh) * 2018-06-28 2021-12-01 德商菲尼克斯 Ｆｘｒ有限責任公司 含有雙環核心部分之新穎lxr調節劑
CA3127828A1 (en) * 2019-01-28 2020-08-06 Capulus Therapeutics, Llc Srebp inhibitors comprising a thiophene central ring
KR20220087497A (ko) 2019-10-18 2022-06-24 더 리전츠 오브 더 유니버시티 오브 캘리포니아 병원성 혈관을 표적화하기 위한 화합물 및 방법
MX2022007164A (es) 2019-12-13 2022-09-12 Inspirna Inc Sales metálicas y usos de estas.

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5916891A (en) * 1992-01-13 1999-06-29 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Pyrimidinyl imidazoles
US5837719A (en) * 1995-08-10 1998-11-17 Merck & Co., Inc. 2,5-substituted aryl pyrroles, compositions containing such compounds and methods of use
KR20070001922A (ko) * 2003-12-12 2007-01-04 와이어쓰 심장혈관질환 치료에 유용한 퀴놀린
JP5097539B2 (ja) * 2004-05-07 2012-12-12 アムジエン・インコーポレーテツド タンパク質キナーゼ調節剤および使用方法
CA2612765A1 (en) * 2005-07-06 2007-01-18 Merck And Co., Inc. Antidiabetic oxazolidinediones and thiazolidinediones

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2008049047A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101541751A (zh) 2009-09-23
WO2008049047A2 (en) 2008-04-24
TW200825054A (en) 2008-06-16
CL2007002996A1 (es) 2008-06-13
AU2007311046A1 (en) 2008-04-24
MX2009003942A (es) 2009-04-24
WO2008049047A3 (en) 2008-07-24
JP2010506954A (ja) 2010-03-04
CA2666508A1 (en) 2008-04-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2008049047A2 (en) Quinoline compounds
EP2231660A1 (en) Imidazo [1,2-a] pyridine compounds
US6509352B1 (en) 2-oxoquinoline compounds and medicinal uses thereof
AU2008345696A1 (en) Benzimidazole compounds
CA2710458A1 (en) Imidazo [1,2-b] pyridazine compounds as modulators of liver x receptors
AU2002303061A1 (en) Novel, arylsulfonamide compounds for the treatment of obesity, type II diabetes and CNS-disorders
WO2002092585A1 (en) Novel, arylsusfonamide compounds for the treatment of obesity, type ii diabetes and cns-disorders
JP2006528193A (ja) Ｃ−ｆｍｓキナーゼの阻害剤としてのキノリノン誘導体
WO2009020683A2 (en) Quinazoline compounds
CA2742023A1 (en) Polar quinazolines as liver x receptors ( lxrs ) modulators
EP1879866B1 (en) Dihydropyridine derivatives
EP2055703B1 (en) Novel pyrimidine compound having benzyl(pyridylmethyl)amine structure and pharmaceutical comprising the compound
AU2008345687A1 (en) Pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine compounds
IL186676A (en) History 4-Phenyl-5-Oxo-8,7,6,5,4,1-Hexahydroquinoline as a drug to treat infertility
CA2630739A1 (en) New compounds
CA2741537A1 (en) Quinoxaline-based lxr modulators
CN101730684B (zh) 磺酰基-喹啉衍生物

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20090330

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA HR MK RS

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: MAGOLDA, RONALD LOUIS

Inventor name: TRAVINS, JEREMY MARK

Inventor name: COLLINI, MICHAEL DAVID

Inventor name: JETTER, JAMES WINFIELD

Inventor name: HU, BAIHUA

Inventor name: WROBEL, JAY E.

Inventor name: MORRIS, ROBERT LESTER

Inventor name: KAUFMAN, DAVID HARRY

Inventor name: ULLRICH, JOHN WILLIAM

Inventor name: SINGHAUS, ROBERT RAY JR.

Inventor name: BERNOTAS, RONALD CHARLES

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20090817

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: WYETH LLC

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20120225