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  • C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D307/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D307/60—Two oxygen atoms, e.g. succinic anhydride
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  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C235/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms
  • C07C235/02—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C235/04—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
  • C07C235/16—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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  • C07C257/00—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines
  • C07C257/10—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines with replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group by nitrogen atoms, e.g. amidines
  • C07C257/18—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines with replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group by nitrogen atoms, e.g. amidines having carbon atoms of amidino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D235/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
  • C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D235/04—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
  • C07D235/24—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 2
  • C07D235/30—Nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
  • C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D307/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D307/58—One oxygen atom, e.g. butenolide

Definitions

• the invention relates to novel compounds of formula I having antithrombotic activity which in particular inhibit the blood coagulation factor IXa, processes for their preparation and their use as medicaments.
• coagulation factor X is activated.
• the activated factor X is responsible for the formation of thrombin from the in-circulating inactive precursor prothrombin: the formation of a thrombus on the bottom of a vascular wall abnormality without a wound is the result of the intrinsic pathway.
• Fibrin clot formation in response to tissue damage or injury is the result of the extrinsic pathway. Both ways involve a larger number of proteins known as coagulation factors.
• the intrinsic pathway requires coagulation factors V, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII as well as prekallikrein, high molecular weight kininogen, calcium ions and phospholipids from platelets.
• the intrinsic pathway is initiated when prekallikrein, high molecular weight kininogen binds factor XI and XII to a negatively charged surface. This point in time is referred to as the contact phase. Exposure to a vessel wall collagen is the primary stimulus of the contact phase. The result of the contact phase processes is the conversion of prekallikrein into kallikrein, which in turn activates factor XII. Factor XIIa hydrolyses further prekallikrein to kallikrein, so activation is the consequence. As factor XII becomes more active, factor XI is activated, leading to the release of bradykinin, a vasodilator. This stops the initial phase of vasoconstriction.
• Bradykinin is formed from high molecular weight kininogen.
• factor XIa activates factor IX.
• Factor IX is a proenzyme that contains vitamin K dependent, ⁇ -carboxyglutamic acid (GLA) residues. Serine protease activity becomes effective upon binding of Ca 2+ to these GLA residues.
• GLA ⁇ -carboxyglutamic acid
• Serine protease activity becomes effective upon binding of Ca 2+ to these GLA residues.
• Several of the Serine proteases of the coagulation cascade contain such vitamin K-dependent GLA residues.
• Factor IXa cleaves the factor X and leads to the activation factor Xa.
• factor IXa Precondition for the formation of factor IXa is the formation of a tenase complex of Ca 2+ and the factors VIIIa, IXa and X on the surface of activated platelets.
• One of the reactions of activated platelets is the presentation of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol along the surfaces. The exposure of these phospholipids makes possible the formation of the tenasecomplex.
• Factor VIII has the function of a receptor for the factors IXa and X in this process. Factor VIII therefore represents a cofactor in the coagulation cascade.
• factor VIIIa The activation of factor VIII with formation of the factor VIIIa, the actual receptor, requires only a minimal amount of thrombin . As the concentration of thrombin increases, factor VIIIa is further cleaved and inactivated by thrombin. This dual activity of thrombin in relation to factor VIII leads to a self-limiting of tenasecomplex formation and thus to a limitation of blood coagulation.
• tissue factor TF tissue factor
• coagulation factors V, VII, VIII, IX and X tissue factor
• the coagulation factor IX can be activated via the intrinsic pathway and the extrinsic pathway.
• the activation of factor IXa thus represents a central interface between both ways of coagulation activation.
• Factor IXa has an important role in blood clotting. Defects in factor IXa lead to hemophilia B, while elevated levels of factor IXa in the blood lead to a significantly increased risk of thrombosis formation ( Weltermann A, et al., J Thromb Haemost. 2003; 1: 28-32 ). The regulation of factor IXa activity can reduce thrombus formation in animal models ( Flint GZ, et al., Thromb Haemost. 1999; 82: 1443-1445 ).
• the compounds of the formula I according to the invention are suitable for prophylactic as well as for therapeutic use in humans, which suffer from diseases which are associated with thromboses, embolisms, hypercoagulability or fibrotic changes. They can be used for secondary prevention and are suitable for both acute and long-term therapy.
• the invention further provides compounds of the formula I from the series (2R, 3R) -N- (1-amino-isoquinolin-6-yl) -2,3-dihydroxy-N'-p-tolyl-succinic acid amide, (2R, 3R) -N- (2-amino-3H-benzimidazol-5-yl) -2,3-dihydroxy-N'-p-tolyl-succinic acid amide, (2R, 3R) -N- (2-amino-3H-benzimidazol-5-yl) -N '- (4-cyclohexylphenyl) -2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid amide, (2R, 3R) -N- (4-Aminomethyl-phenyl) -2,3-dihydroxy-N'-p-tolyl-succinic amide, (2R, 3R) -N- (4-carbamimidoyl-phenyl) -2,3
• Another object of the invention are compounds of formula I from the series (2R, 3R) -N - (- 1-amino-isoquinolin-6-yl) -2,3-dihydroxy-N'-p-tolyl-succinic acid amide (2R, 3R) -N- (2-amino-3H-benzimidazol-5-yl) -2,3-dihydroxy-N'-p-tolyl-succinic acid amide, (2R, 3R) -N- (2-amino-3H-benzimidazol-5-yl) -N '- (4-cyclohexyl-phenyl) -2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid amide, (2R, 3R) -N- (4-Aminomethyl-phenyl) -2,3-dihydroxy-N'-p-tolyl-bersteinklamid; (2R, 3R) -N- (4-carbamimidoyl-phenyl) -2,
• (C 1 -C 4 ) -alkyl or "(C 1 -C 6 ) -alkyl” is understood to mean hydrocarbon radicals whose carbon chain is straight-chain or branched and 1 to 4 or 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, iso-pentyl, neo-pentyl, hexyl, 2,3-dimethylbutane or neohexyl.
• - (C 0 -C 4 ) -alkylene means hydrocarbon radicals whose carbon chain is straight-chain or branched and contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for example methylene, ethylene, propylene, iso-propylene, iso-butylene, butylene or tertiary butylene.
• "-C 0 -alkylene” is a covalent bond.
• (C 1 -C 4 ) -alkylene denotes hydrocarbon radicals whose carbon chain is straight-chain or branched and contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for example methylene (-CH 2 -), ethylene (-CH 2 -CH 2 -) ), Propylene (-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -), iso-propylene, iso-butylene, butylene or tertiary-butylene.
• rings of 3 to 12 carbon atoms such as compounds derived from monocycles of 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the ring, such as cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane or cyclooctane derived from bicyclic bicyclo [4.2.0] octane, octahydro-indene, decahydro-naphthalene, decahydro-azulene, decahydrobenzocycloheptene or dodecahydro-heptalen, or from the bridged cycles such as spiro [2.5] octane, spiro [3.4] octane, Derive spiro [3.5] nonane, bicyclo [3.1.1] heptane, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane or bi
• - (C 3 -C 6 ) -cycloalkyl or "- (C 3 -C 8 ) -cycloalkyl” means radicals derived from monocycles having 3 to 6 or 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the ring, such as cyclopropane , Cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane or cyclooctane.
• - (C 6 -C 14 ) -aryl aromatic carbon radicals having 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the ring.
• - (C 6 -C 14 ) -Arylreste are for example phenyl, naphthyl, for example 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, anthryl or fluorenyl.
• Naphthyl radicals and in particular phenyl radicals are preferred aryl radicals.
• Het four- to fifteen-membered Het or "Het” is understood to mean ring systems having from 4 to 15 carbon atoms which are present in one, two or three interconnected ring systems and in which one, two, three or four identical or different heteroatoms from the Series oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur can replace the respective carbon atoms.
• ring systems are the radicals acridinyl, azepinyl, azetidinyl, benzimidazolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benztriazolyl, benztetrazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, carbazolyl, 4aH-carbazolyl, carbolinyl, beta-carbolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinolizinyl, 4H- Quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinuclidinyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, cinnolinyl, deca-hydroquinolinyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, dihydrofuran [2,3-b] tetra
• - (C 1 -C 3 ) -fluoroalkyl is understood as meaning a partially or completely fluorinated alkyl radical which derives, for example, from the following radicals -CF 3 , -CHF 2 , -CH 2 F, -CHF-CF 3 , -CHF-CHF 2 , -CHF-CH 2 F, -CH 2 -CF 3 , -CH 2 -CHF 2 , -CH 2 -CH 2 F, -CF 2 -CF 3 , -CF 2 -CHF 2 , -CH 2 -CHF-CF 3 , -CH 2 -CHF-CHF 2 , -CH 2 -CHF-CH 2 F, -CH 2 -CHF-CF 3 , -CH 2 -CHF-CHF 2 , -CH 2 -CHF-CH 2 F, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CF 3 , -CH 2 -CHF-CHF 2
• halogen is understood to mean fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, preference is given to fluorine, chlorine or. Bromine, especially chlorine or bromine.
• a basic nitrogen-containing group residues wherein the conjugated acid of this group has a pKa of about 5 to 15.
• this basic nitrogen-containing group are amino, aminomethylene, amidino (carbamimidoyl), guanidino, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyridinyl or aminopyridinyl.
• Suitable protective groups for amino functions are, for example, the t-butoxycarbonyl, the benzyloxycarbonyl, phthalolyl, the trityl or tosyl protecting group.
• Suitable protecting groups for the carboxyl function are, for example, alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl esters. Protecting groups can be introduced and removed by well-known or described techniques (see Green, TW, Wutz, PGM, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (1991), 2nd Ed., Wiley-Interscience , or Kocienski, P., Protecting Groups (1994), Thieme ).
• protecting group may also include corresponding polymer-bound protecting groups.
• the compounds of the invention can be prepared by well-known methods or by methods described herein.
• the invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the compound of formula I and / or a stereoisomeric form of the compound of formula I and / or a physiologically acceptable salt of the compound of formula I, which is characterized in that the compound of formula I according to Scheme 1 produces.
• Scheme 1 :
• diacetyl-L-tartaric anhydride (compound of the formula II) is dissolved in a solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), dioxane or dichloromethane and treated with a suitable amine of the formula NH ( R3) -R4 converted to the corresponding amide (III).
• a suitable base such as N-methylmorpholine or another amine base such as Hünigs base, triethylamine (NEt 3 ) or 4-dimethylamino-pyridine (4-DMAP) is added.
• the monoamide III is dissolved in a solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), NMP, dioxane or dichloromethane and coupled with a suitable amine of the formula NH (R1-BOC) -R2 to the corresponding diamide (VI) ,
• a solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), NMP, dioxane or dichloromethane
• a suitable amine of the formula NH (R1-BOC) -R2 to the corresponding diamide (VI)
• a conventional coupling reagent such as TOTU, PyBrop, PyBop, HATU or EDC and a suitable base such as amine bases such as Hünigs base, NEt 3 or DMAP are used as described above.
• a tartaric acid monoamide (IV) is dissolved directly in a solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), NMP, dioxane or CH 2 Cl 2 and treated with a suitable amine of the formula NH (R 1 -B ) . OC) -R2 coupled to the corresponding diamide (V).
• a conventional coupling reagent such as TOTU, PyBrop, PyBop, Hatu or EDC and a suitable base such as amine bases such as Hünigs base, NEt 3 or DMAP be used.
• a compound of the formula I prepared according to Scheme 1, or a suitable precursor of the formula I which occurs in enantiomeric forms by virtue of its chemical structure, can be obtained by salt formation with enantiomerically pure acids or bases, chromatography on chiral stationary phases or derivatization using chiral enantiomerically pure compounds such as amino acids, Separation of the thus obtained diastereomers, and cleavage of the chiral auxiliary groups are separated into the pure enantiomers (method d), or the compound of formula I prepared according to Scheme 1 can either isolated in free form or in the presence of acidic or basic groups in physiological acceptable salts are transformed (method c).
• the compound of formula I if it occurs as a mixture of diastereomers or enantiomers or obtained in the chosen synthesis as their mixtures, separated into the pure stereoisomers, either by chromatography on an optionally chiral support material, or, if the racemic Compound of formula I is capable of salt formation, by fractional crystallization of diastereomeric salts formed with an optically active base or acid as an excipient.
• Suitable chiral stationary phases for the thin-layer or column chromatographic separation of enantiomers are, for example, modified silica gel carriers (so-called Pirkle phases) and high molecular weight carbohydrates such as triacetylcellulose.
• gas chromatographic methods can also be used on chiral stationary phases according to appropriate derivatization known to the person skilled in the art.
• an optically active, usually commercially available base such as (-) - nicotine, (+) - and (-) - phenylethylamine, quinine bases, L-lysine or L- and D-arginine the different soluble formed diastereomeric salts, the less soluble component as a solid isolated, the more readily soluble diastereomer from the mother liquor deposited and recovered from the thus obtained diastereomeric salts, the pure enantiomers.
• racemic compounds of the formula I which contain a basic group such as an amino group
• optically active acids such as (+) - camphor-10-sulfonic acid, D- and L-tartaric acid, D- and L-lactic acid and (+) and (-) - convert mandelic acid to the pure enantiomers.
• the chirality of the introduced in enantiomerically pure form amino acid or alcohol residue can be used to separate the isomers by performing a separation of the diastereomers now present by crystallization or chromatography at suitable stationary phases and then splits off the entrained chiral moiety by suitable methods again.
• diastereo- or enantiomerically pure starting materials for the preparation of the framework structures.
• other or simplified methods for the purification of the end products can be used.
• These starting materials were previously prepared by literature methods enantiomeren- or diastereomerenrein. This may in particular mean that either enantioselective processes are used in the synthesis of the basic frameworks, or else an enantiomeric (or diastereomeric) separation is carried out at an early stage of the synthesis and not at the stage of the final products. Likewise, a simplification of the separations can be achieved by acting in two or more stages.
• Acidic or basic products of the compound of formula I may be in the form of their salts or in free form.
• pharmacologically acceptable salts for example alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts such as hydrochlorides, Hydrobromides, sulfates, hemisulfates, all sorts of phosphates and salts of amino acids, natural bases or carboxylic acids.
• the preparation of physiologically acceptable salts of compounds capable of salt formation of the formula I, including their stereoisomeric forms, according to process step c) is carried out in a manner known per se.
• the compounds of formula I form basic alkalis with basic reagents such as hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, alcoholates and ammonia or organic bases, for example trimethyl- or triethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine, trometamol or even basic amino acids, such as lysine, ornithine or arginine , Alkaline earth or optionally substituted ammonium salts.
• basic reagents such as hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, alcoholates and ammonia or organic bases, for example trimethyl- or triethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine, trometamol or even basic amino acids, such as lysine, ornithine or arginine , Alkaline earth or optionally substituted ammonium salts.
• both inorganic and organic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, hemic-sulfuric, phosphoric, methanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, 4-bromobenzenesulfone, cyclohexylamidosulfone, trifluoromethylsulfone, 2 Hydroxyethanesulfonic, acetic, oxalic, tartaric, succinic, glycerol phosphoric, lactic, malic, adipic, citric, fumaric, maleic, gluconic, glucuronic, palmitic or trifluoroacetic acids.
• the invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions, characterized by an effective content of at least one compound of formula I and / or a physiologically acceptable salt of the compound of formula I and / or an optionally stereoisomeric form of the compound of formula I, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable and physiological compatible carrier, additive and / or other active ingredients and excipients.
• the compounds according to the invention are suitable, for example, for the prophylaxis, secondary prevention and therapy of all diseases which can be treated by inhibiting blood coagulation factor IXa.
• the compounds of the invention are suitable as inhibitors both for a prophylactic and for a therapeutic use in humans. They are suitable for both acute treatment also for a long-term therapy.
• the compounds of formula I can be used in patients suffering from disorders of well-being or diseases associated with thrombosis, embolism, hypercoagulability or fibrotic changes.
• Compounds of formula I are useful in the treatment of patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation, sepsis and other intravascular events associated with inflammation. Furthermore, compounds of the formula I are suitable for the prophylaxis and treatment of patients with atherosclerosis, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome and their consequences. Disorders of the hemostatic system (eg fibrin deposits) have been implicated in mechanisms leading to tumor growth and tumor metastasis, as well as in inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Compounds of the formula I are suitable for slowing down or preventing such processes.
• fibrotic changes of the lung such as the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and of the eye such as fibrin deposits after eye operations.
• Compounds of formula I are also useful for the prevention and / or treatment of scarring.
• the application of the medicaments according to the invention can be effected by oral, inhalative, rectal or transdermal administration or by subcutaneous, intra-articular, intraperitoneal or intravenous injection.
• the oral application is preferred.
• the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a medicament, which comprises bringing at least one compound of the formula I into a suitable administration form with a pharmaceutically suitable and physiologically acceptable carrier and optionally further suitable active substances, additives or excipients.
• Suitable solid or galenic preparation forms are, for example, granules, powders, dragees, tablets, (micro) capsules, suppositories, syrups, juices, suspensions, emulsions, drops or injectable solutions and preparations with protracted release of active ingredient, in the preparation of which customary auxiliaries, such as excipients, Explosive, binding, coating, swelling, lubricating or lubricants, flavoring agents, sweeteners and solubilizers find use.
• customary auxiliaries such as excipients, Explosive, binding, coating, swelling, lubricating or lubricants, flavoring agents, sweeteners and solubilizers find use.
• adjuvants are magnesium carbonate, titanium dioxide, lactose, mannitol and other sugars, talc, milk protein, gelatin, starch, cellulose and its derivatives, animal and vegetable oils such as cod liver oil, sunflower, peanut or sesame oil, polyethylene glycol and solvents such as sterile Water and mono- or polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol, called.
• the pharmaceutical preparations are prepared and administered in dosage units, each unit containing as active ingredient a specific dose of the compound of formula I according to the invention.
• this dose may be up to about 1000 mg, but preferably about 50 to 300 mg and for injection solutions in ampoule form up to about 300 mg, but preferably about 10 to 100 mg.
• daily doses for the treatment of an adult, about 70 kg patients depending on the efficacy of the compound according to formula I, daily doses of about 2 mg to 1000 mg of active ingredient, preferably about 50 mg to 500 mg indicated. However, you may be able to higher or lower daily doses may be appropriate.
• the administration of the daily dose can be carried out by single administration in the form of a single unit dose or several smaller dosage units as well as by multiple subdivided doses at specific intervals.
• Compounds of the formula I can be administered both as monotherapy and in combination or together with all antithrombotics (anticoagulants and platelet aggregation inhibitors), thrombolytics (plasminogen activators of any kind), other profibrinolytic substances, hypotensives, regulators of blood sugar, lipid-lowering and antiarrhythmic drugs.
• End products are usually determined by mass spectroscopic methods (FAB, ESI-MS) and 1 H-NMR, indicated in each case the main peak or the two main peaks. Temperatures in degrees Celsius, exp. means yield. Used abbreviations are either explained or correspond to the usual conventions.
• step 3 The oil from step 3 was dissolved in 3 mL of methanol and treated with 500 ⁇ L 5N NaOH overnight. The solvents were distilled off under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in 2 mL TFA and evaporated. The residue was purified by HPLC to give 7 mg of the title compound as a white solid.
• process step 1 33 mg (0.15 mmol) of tert-butyl (4-aminobenzyl) carbamate and 36 mg (0.15 mmol) of (2R, 3R) -2,3-dihydroxy -N -polyl-succinic acid in 1 ml of DCM and 1 ml of DMF and treated sequentially with 78 ul DIPEA (0.45 mmol), 22.5 mg HOAt (0.165 mmol) and 76.9 mg (0.165 mmol) PyBrop. Without further workup, the resulting mixture was filtered and purified by HPLC. The product-containing fractions were lyophilized.
• Table 1 The compounds in Table 1 below were prepared in an analogous manner as in the preceding examples.
• Table 1 Example no. structure Mass of LC-MS Rt from LC-MS LC-MS method 6 374.19 0.88 A 7 390.16 1.02 A 8th 356.17 0.84 A 9 401.18 0.99 A 10 398.17 1.2 A 11 439.24 0.65 A 12 448.14 1.28 A
• the substances produced from the examples were sold with the substrate PEFA 3107 (Pentapharm / Loxo, S. Black GmbH, Baumstrasse 41, 47198 Duisburg, Germany, Pr. No. 095-20) and factor IXa (Calbiochem, Merck KGaA Calbiochem in Germany, Life Science & Analytics, 64293 Darmstadt, Pr. No. 233290) for inhibition of the enzymatic activity of FIXa. 2 ⁇ l 10 mM dimethyl sulfoxide solution of the respective test substance, 28 ⁇ L assay buffer (50 mM ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ -tris- (hydroxymethyl) -methylamine (TRIS), 100 mM NaCl, 5 mM CaCl 2 , 0.1%).
• substrate PEFA 3107 Pentapharm / Loxo, S. Black GmbH, Baumstrasse 41, 47198 Duisburg, Germany, Pr. No. 095-20
• factor IXa Calbiochem, Merck KGaA Calbio
• Bovine serum albumin, pH 7.4 Bovine serum albumin, pH 7.4
• 10 ⁇ L factor IXa 277 nM final concentration in the assay mixture
• the enzyme reaction was started by adding 10 ⁇ L of substrate (1 mM stock solution in water).
• the time course of the reaction was monitored at 405 nm in a microtiter plate reader (SpectraMax plus 384, Molecular Devices) for 15 minutes.
• the IC 50 was calculated from the averaged values (duplicate determination) of a dilution series of the test substance with the aid of the software Grafit 4 (Erithacus Software, UK).

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