EP2062008A1 - Procede et dispositif de determination de parametres d'un composant par thermographie - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de determination de parametres d'un composant par thermographie

Info

Publication number
EP2062008A1
EP2062008A1 EP07820069A EP07820069A EP2062008A1 EP 2062008 A1 EP2062008 A1 EP 2062008A1 EP 07820069 A EP07820069 A EP 07820069A EP 07820069 A EP07820069 A EP 07820069A EP 2062008 A1 EP2062008 A1 EP 2062008A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
hot gas
temperature
gas
pulses
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07820069A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Matthias Goldammer
Werner Heinrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2062008A1 publication Critical patent/EP2062008A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
    • G01B21/08—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness
    • G01B21/085—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness using thermal means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/72—Investigating presence of flaws

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for determining component parameters by means of thermography.
  • thermography As examples ultrasonic, magnetic field and eddy current methods that thermography has lately etab ⁇ prominent because they, unlike the other method is non-contacting and imaged and thus increased measurement speed or increased resolution and easier to automate.
  • thermography For the determination of quantitative parameters such as the geometry of a component or its intrinsic thermal properties ⁇ means of thermography are various approaches proposed hands.
  • Thermographic measurement methods have in common that they use infrared radiation emitted from the surface of a heated component to record a temporal evolution of the surface temperature.
  • a thermal imaging camera is often used to record a temporal development of a planar heat ⁇ mesents.
  • the measured temperature signal is compared to a reference signal, which is either measured as disclosed in EP 1173724, or calculated as disclosed in EP 1203224 or US 394646.
  • the time-dependent tempera ⁇ tursignal be transformed into the frequency domain, such as from EP 1203199 or Maldaque XP, Marinetti S., "Pulse Phase Infrared Thermography”; J. Appl. Phys. .
  • DE 4343076 C2 discloses a device for thermal testing of a surface of a particular moving object by means of thermography with optical excitation.
  • WO 2006/037359 A1 discloses a method for determining material parameters of an object from data of a temperature versus time plot.
  • the method is characterized in that at least one component is heated by means of a hot gas.
  • a hot gas By the application of hot gas Ver ⁇ a high heat development at the component is possible.
  • the mixererzeu ⁇ supply is particularly well controlled, since both the supply amount, the gas flow and the temperature of the hot gas are set independently.
  • At least one component is heated by generally modulated hot gas, in particular by one or more pulses of hot gas.
  • the pulses can be changed during the measurement, z. B. in their pulse duration or the interval duration between the pulses.
  • the pulses may be superimposed on a continuous gas supply.
  • different dene pulse sequences, also different frequency and amplitude, are superimposed.
  • the pulsed gas supply has the advantage that for one or more frequencies present in the pulse sequence, a phase angle of a temperature measured between the pulses of the hot gas and the modulation of a temperature measured at the surface of the component can be determined, thereby favoring a wall thickness of the component or thermal material parameters are determined.
  • a single-frequency excitation is ver ⁇ turns, since as from the phase angle of the component or whether ⁇ jekts the wall thickness by knowing the thermal conductivity or thermal conductivity in regard to the wall thickness comparatively can be determined easily. It is exploited ⁇ that the phase angle correlated with the duration of heat pulses in the component.
  • a lock-in method is preferably used, since this allows a reliable Phasenbestim ⁇ tion.
  • lock-in methods are susceptible to slow drift, in the case of thermography, if so, when a slow temperature shift is superimposed on the desired periodic signal. This drift causes an additional signal, which is superimposed on the useful signal and leads to a phase error, which is the greater, the weaker the useful signal is compared to the additional signal.
  • the raw data are approximated by a low-order polynomial fit (eg linear or quadratic), which also suppresses the useful signal in the resulting curve.
  • the determined polynomial is subtracted from the raw data before the lock-in calculation to remove the drift.
  • the calculation for each pixel is Runaway ⁇ leads.
  • the drift suppression is lower, but the calculation effort is reduced.
  • artificial data may be introduced and applied ⁇ leads the lock-in calculation are such.
  • phase and amplitude image are available here.
  • an effective centering of the phase images taking into account the amplitude is possible.
  • the phase and amplitude image is combined to form a new image consisting of complex-valued pixels, which are then subjected to suitable averaging methods, such as a two-dimensional running average. Thereafter, the newly obtained complex-valued image is transformed back into a phase and amplitude image.
  • suitable averaging methods such as a two-dimensional running average.
  • the determination of the wall thickness from the phase angle by means of a - calculated or measured - calibration curve is particularly advantageous for complex components.
  • the at least one component is cooled in periods between pulses of the hot gas supplied to ⁇ , in particular by pulses of cooling gas.
  • the component is thus cooled between the pulses of hot gas by pulses of cooling gas.
  • Such Küh ⁇ lung also has the advantage that is a change in temperature by hot gas (for heating) and similar cooling gas (for cooling), since the component is treated by gas both times.
  • the pulses of hot gas need not have the same duration or shape, nor do they have to connect directly to each other.
  • an amplitude of a temperature modulation of the frequencies for which the phase angle is detected is determined on the component, such as a measurement accuracy of the measured parameters of the component from the determined phase and amplitude and from noise can be determined in a recorded thermal image.
  • the method is particularly advantageous applicable when the hot ⁇ gas is introduced into an interior of a hollow component, in particular in a turbine blade.
  • the object is also achieved by a device for determining component parameters by means of thermography, which has a heating means for heating at least one component and a temperature sensor for receiving at least one tempera ⁇ turwerts of the component, wherein the heating means for heating the component, a hot gas ejecting device for ejecting of modulated, in particular pulsed, hot gas.
  • the device For detecting a phase angle between pulses of a heat excitation and a temperature of the surface of the component, the device conveniently has a lock-in circuit.
  • the temperature sensor is preferably a thermal imaging or infrared camera. Then it may be favorable if the evaluation is done pixel by pixel. It may also be favorable if a display unit displays a representation on the basis of a superimposition of several thermal images taken from different angles, in particular a wall thickness image of the component.
  • the device further comprises a cooling gas supply means for supplying cooling gas to a heated by the hot gas region.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sketch of an embodiment for the thermographic measurement of a workpiece.
  • the device 1 shows a device 1 for determining component parameters by means of thermography.
  • the device 1 comprises a heating means in the form of a hot gas ejection device 2 for ejecting pulsed hot gas, which is supplied with a hot gas supply. 3 is connected.
  • Hot gas ejection device 2 is further connected to a control device 4 which outputs control signals to the hot gas ejection device 2 to control the pulses, e.g. B. a pulse rate, a pulse height and / or a pulse duration.
  • the device 1 also has a temperature sensor in the form of a thermal imaging camera 5.
  • the thermal imaging camera 5 and the control device 4 are connected to a lock-in circuit 6 for detecting a phase angle between pulses of heat excitation, derived here from the control pulses of the control device 4, and a temperature measured by the thermal imaging camera 5.
  • the results of the lock-in circuit 6 are carried out by an evaluation and display unit 7 in order to be converted there into a user-evaluable image which shows the component parameters to be determined.
  • the hot gas ejection device 2 is further connected to a cooling gas line 8.
  • a cooling gas line 8 By appropriate switching of the hot gas ejection device 2, either hot gas (supplied through the hot gas supply line 3, as indicated by the white arrow) or cooling gas (supplied by thedegaszuschreiblei ⁇ device 3, as indicated by the black arrow) ejected from the hot gas ejection device 2 by means of the control device 4 become (as indicated by the alternating sequence of white and black arrows on ⁇ ).
  • the gas turbine blade 9 has due to design at least one cooling channel 10, through which the gas turbine blade 9 is cooled during operation.
  • the wall thickness w between the cooling channel 10 and the outer surface of the gas turbine blade 9 is checked for quality control, for example by means of ultrasonic methods or by flash lamp thermography for quality control.
  • the flash lamp thermography for gas turbine blades 9 is thicker than 4-5 millimeters from the previously mentioned reasons, not more reliably applicable, as the remaining to mes ⁇ transmitting temperature difference is comparable to the noise of the heat mesenty. 5
  • the blade 9 is attached in an airtight socket (not shown);
  • a thermal imager detects the surface temperature of the blade 9 at an area
  • Hot air which has been heated to about 80 0 C, and compressed air to ambient temperature in 10 to 20 cycles of 0.5 Hz to 2 Hz.
  • the load cycle from hot to cold air typically varies between 10% and 50%;
  • thermographic process in particular in a turbine blade, has over other thermographic processes, in particular with respect to the flash bulb and the laser ser-thermography, a number of advantages and impr ⁇ gen on:
  • Turbine blades which are designed to be cooled by air, are ideal for hot air excitation because all the critical points to be examined are automatically reached by the hot air.
  • the amount of heat transferred to the component does not depend on the optical properties of the component, such as in flash or laser excitation.
  • the lock-in detection effectively suppresses noise from the IR camera, so that signal quality can be improved simply by measuring additional cycles, so that required accuracy can be set by the measurement time.
  • the measurement is designed for a transmission configuration. Therefore, a thermal wave only needs to cross the device once, resulting in a better signal compared to a one-sided design, such as in flash or laser excitation.
  • the component temperature increased with each shot, whereby the signal strength decreased.
  • the component temperature can be limited in the process shown, so that the
  • Cooling air can be supplied to cool the component for each on ⁇ angle taken in the same initial temperature. As a result, several angles can be measured quickly and without additional equipment.
  • the accuracy of the wall thickness calculation can be determined.
  • the method can be further improved because now only areas of the component are used for wall thickness determination, which reach a predetermined level of accuracy. For example, in the case of pixel-by-pixel calculation, those pixels or pixels from a recorded image which do not reach the predetermined level of accuracy can be masked out. A user can thus rely on the predetermined level of accuracy.
  • a calibration curve is used in this embodiment, which is based on a Referenzbau ⁇ part, z. B. a pipe with changing, known wall thickness is made.
  • the calibration ⁇ curve by an analytical model, z. B. be set up by a finite element method. It is particularly advantageous if the calibration curve for different vibration modes, z. B. the fundamental and the second harmonic determined. The use of higher vibration modes gives the advantage that the reliably measurable wall thickness range is extended to smaller values and also that details of the captured image can be displayed there more finely, where a recording with lower modes, eg. B. the fundamental, due to the lateral thermal expansion would be blurred.
  • wall thickness calculation can be done in three basic steps: (1) Determination of the phase and amplitude of the excitation frequency and of harmonics for each pixel.
  • the present embodiment is not limited to the above-described embodiment.
  • other hollow components can be used.
  • Kgs be used ⁇ NEN non-hollow components where hot gas is irradiated from the outside onto the surface.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de détermination de paramètres d'un composant (9) par thermographie, dans lequel le ou les composants (9) sont chauffés au moyen d'un gaz chaud. L'invention concerne en outre un dispositif de détermination de paramètres d'un composant par thermographie, qui présente un moyen de chauffage (2) qui chauffe au moins un composant (9), une sonde de température (5) qui enregistre au moins une valeur de température du composant (9), le moyen de chauffage qui permet de chauffer le composant étant un dispositif (5) d'expulsion de gaz chaud qui expulse du gaz chaud de manière modulée et en particulier pulsée.
EP07820069A 2006-09-15 2007-09-07 Procede et dispositif de determination de parametres d'un composant par thermographie Withdrawn EP2062008A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006043339A DE102006043339B4 (de) 2006-09-15 2006-09-15 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung von Bauteilwandstärken mittels Thermographie
PCT/EP2007/059413 WO2008031774A1 (fr) 2006-09-15 2007-09-07 procédé et dispositif de détermination de paramètres d'un composant par thermographie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2062008A1 true EP2062008A1 (fr) 2009-05-27

Family

ID=38805719

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07820069A Withdrawn EP2062008A1 (fr) 2006-09-15 2007-09-07 Procede et dispositif de determination de parametres d'un composant par thermographie

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US8197129B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2062008A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006043339B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008031774A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20090201971A1 (en) 2009-08-13
DE102006043339A1 (de) 2008-03-27
DE102006043339B4 (de) 2010-11-11
WO2008031774A1 (fr) 2008-03-20
US8197129B2 (en) 2012-06-12

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