EP2057724A1 - Gekapselter, druckfest ausgeführter blitzstromtragfähiger überspannungsableiter mit netzfolgestromlöschvermögen - Google Patents
Gekapselter, druckfest ausgeführter blitzstromtragfähiger überspannungsableiter mit netzfolgestromlöschvermögenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2057724A1 EP2057724A1 EP07821883A EP07821883A EP2057724A1 EP 2057724 A1 EP2057724 A1 EP 2057724A1 EP 07821883 A EP07821883 A EP 07821883A EP 07821883 A EP07821883 A EP 07821883A EP 2057724 A1 EP2057724 A1 EP 2057724A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spacer
- surge arrester
- main electrodes
- arrester according
- channels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
- H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed
Definitions
- the invention relates to an encapsulated, flameproof surge current-carrying surge arrester with reticule current extinguishing capability, comprising two spaced-apart, isolated main electrodes, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- the discharge space is divided into a plurality of parallel chambers, which are connected transversely to the running direction with openings for pressure equalization.
- the local chambers serve for the ignition of parallel arcs and the uniform pressure load with powerful pulses.
- the prior art includes extending the separation distance between main electrodes of a spark gap by conducting or semiconducting materials.
- the aim of extending the main separation line is to improve the subsequent current extinguishing capacity by increasing the arc voltage.
- the channels for the discharge must on the one hand be as small as possible in order to achieve a high arc voltage at subsequent currents.
- the channels should have the largest possible cross-section in order to limit the arc voltage and thus the power consumption in pulse discharges. This is necessary, on the one hand, for reasons of reducing the load on the spark gap and, on the other hand, in order to ensure the lowest possible protection level and sufficient coordination capability with other overvoltage protection devices or terminals of modern arrester modules.
- the discharge preferably takes place only in a discharge channel, wherein the choice of the geometry and the material of this channel, the arc voltage can be influenced independently of the load at pulsed discharges.
- This characteristic allows a division of the discharge channel into parallel channels.
- the mentioned characteristic results u. a. from the high voltage requirement and the mechanisms for the provision of charge carriers.
- the spacers may also consist of an insulating or non-conductive material.
- the material and the geometry of the channels within the spacer or spacers or spacers is chosen so that at least in pulsed discharges with currents in the kA range, a discharge with positive current-voltage characteristic is generated even in air over a longer period of time.
- the arc within the spark gap is at least Partially converted from a so-called Freibumbleden arc in a wall-stabilized arc.
- the arc is deprived of a great deal of energy, as a result of which its voltage requirement increases with increasing current intensity.
- the partial arc moves or jumps from the positive range of the current-voltage characteristic in the negative region and forcibly extinguished. If the current continues to drop, this process is repeated for further partial arcs until only one discharge channel remains.
- the magnitude of the current which is sufficient for a positive current-voltage characteristic, is in addition to the environmental conditions, such as pressure, gas, electrode material, the cooling effect of the channel, d. H. geometry, material, heat capacity, gas output and surface area.
- the above measures also allow the discharge to be influenced in the case of subsequent currents. If a very strong cooling of the arc is achieved, a division of secondary currents in the kA range is also possible here.
- At least one spacer disk or a spacer body made of a conductive or semiconductive material is arranged in the space between the main electrodes, at least for pulsed impulse current loads, the spacer disc or the spacer body having a plurality of parallel channels, concentric annular gaps and / or thread-like grooves and is isolated from one of the main electrodes.
- the spacer or spacer may be spaced from both main electrodes and formed in electrical communication with one of the main electrodes by means of a support member.
- the support member may rest against the entire surface of the corresponding spacer or the spacer body and also have channels, annular gaps and / or grooves whose position coincides with those in the spacer or the spacer body to form continuous discharge paths.
- an insulating part with channels, annular gaps and / or grooves, which fills the space between the main electrode and spacer or spacer body can be arranged on the surface of the spacer or of the spacer which is opposite the supporting part, wherein the channels, annular gaps and / or grooves of the aligned stack assembly.
- a spark gap in which the separation distance is not realized as a radio transmission spark gap, but as a sliding spark gap.
- a spacer or a spacer is provided on or on each of the main electrodes, wherein a clearance remains between the two disks.
- At least one isolated ignition electrode can be arranged.
- a further embodiment is carried by a plurality of spacers, which are provided with each other and spaced apart from the main electrodes, wherein the channels, gaps and / or grooves of adjacent spacers offset from each other.
- the spacers can be electrically connected in series and performed isolated from both electrodes.
- means for ionization and / or potential control may be provided.
- an arrangement of support elements can take place between the spacers, or the spacers themselves can have integral support elements.
- spacers or spacers may in addition to their conductive or semiconductive properties also consist of a gas-emitting material or have such a material.
- the spacer or the spacer body is spaced from both main electrodes, wherein one of the main electrodes of a conductive or semiconducting, a series impedance forming plate is covered and the spacer or the spacer body is by means of a support member with the plate in electrical connection.
- the vertical discharge from the main electrode is combined by the spacer with a horizontal gap discharge between the plate and the support member.
- the dimension of the gap is here at values below substantially 0, 1 mm.
- the discharge in the gap can be used on the one hand to further influence the arc voltage and it On the other hand, a cost-effective reduction of the erosion-resistant material of the respective main electrode can take place.
- a spacer which may be designed as a cylindrical body in a cylindrical surge arrester arrangement
- circumferential annular gaps are provided, wherein the spacer body on one of the main electrodes or rests.
- channels or bores are located in this main electrode which are in register with the annular gap outlet openings in the spacer body.
- the channels or holes in the main electrode may then pass into a vent gap or be in communication with such a vent gap.
- the invention provides a lightning current-carrying, encapsulated and pressure-resistant surge arrester for use in the low-voltage network having at least two electrodes, wherein at least one electrically conductive or semiconductive spacer in the form of a disk or a spacer body with a plurality of parallel discharge channels is located between the main electrodes.
- the spacer forces a division of the discharge into a plurality of separate and parallel channels, at least in the case of pulsed impulse current loads.
- the surge arrester also perform pressure-tight in the sense of a Gasabieiters.
- the division of the pulse current into several channels already occurs at values of approx. 1 kA, which is assumed here by pulses 8/20 ⁇ s.
- the number of channels or through-holes is in the range of 5 to 1000, with assumed through-holes, the diameter is in the range between 0, 1 mm and 2 mm.
- the thickness of the spacers and thus the channel length is in the range of 2 mm to 20 mm.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the surge arrester with a distance from both main electrodes spacer
- Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the surge absorber with two spacers, which are located respectively at or in the vicinity of the main electrodes;
- FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the surge arrester with sliding spark gaps
- FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the surge arrester having a multiplicity of spaced-apart spacers in each case
- Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the surge arrester
- Spacer having annular gaps in its interior which extend over the entire height of the spacer
- FIG. 6 shows a plan view of the surface of various spacers, which shows what different shapes the channels or their cross sections can have;
- FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a surge arrester having a series impedance with respect to one of the main electrodes
- FIG. 8 shows an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 7, but with an additional annular gap in the region of one of the main electrodes;
- Fig. 9 variants of the spacer body according to the schematic diagram of FIG. 5; 10 shows various views in section, top and partial sectional view of a cylindrical spacer with meandering annular gap channel, wherein the inner part of the cylinder and outer shells may consist of different materials of different conductivity and wherein the resulting channel length is adjustable with constant cylinder height on the slope of the channels, and
- FIG. 11 shows a further illustration of a cylindrical spacer body, wherein thread-like grooves are introduced in the inner cylinder part.
- thread-like grooves are introduced in the inner cylinder part.
- an adjustment of the channel length with an otherwise constant cylinder height can take place analogously to FIG. 10.
- an encapsulated, pressure-resistant, lightning current-carrying surge arrester with retorting capability comprising two main electrodes 1 and 2 spaced apart from one another in a spaced-apart manner.
- the main electrodes 1 and 2 are received by an insulating body 5, which in turn is surrounded by a metallic, pressure-resistant housing 6.
- a spacer or a spacer body 3 made of a conductive or semiconductive material with a linear or preferably non-linear characteristic, which has a plurality of openings or channels 31 of small cross-section.
- the spacer 3 is at least opposite to one of the main electrodes, as shown in FIG. 1 of the main electrode 1, isolated.
- FIG. 1 is a common separation distance Ll between the main electrode and the spacer. 3
- the spacer 3 is connected via a conductive or semiconducting material 4 (support member) to the main electrode 2.
- the spacer 3 and the support member 4 can also be realized by a single part.
- a common cavity 8 is located between the spacer 3 and the main electrode 2, which is particularly advantageous in the generation of additional gases.
- This room then also serves as a collection room of the gas.
- a vent 7 small cross section for pressure equalization after the load is also provided.
- individual channels 31 can be led to the main electrode 2, in which case the venting takes place in the region of the electrode.
- a connection of the individual discharge channels or a separate vent is conceivable.
- the semiconductive or conductive spacer 3 allows for spark gaps without ignition aid an electric pre-discharge with sparking.
- the cavity 8 shown in Fig. 1 between the main electrode 1 and the spacer 3 allows in addition to the distribution of the charge carriers of Zündfunkens on several channels and an exchange of charge carriers between the individual channels 31 after ignition of the main line. This promotes with appropriate characteristics of the arc additionally a fast and uniform ignition of other, parallel channels.
- the achieved stable division of the impulse discharge now makes it possible to dimension the individual discharge channels exclusively according to the requirements of the subsequent current.
- the height of the desired pulse load capacity is adjustable via the material, the number of parallel channels taking into account the dimension of the spark gap.
- the basic functions of the surge arrester are taken into account. This includes a limitation of the residual voltage level and duration to the response of the spark gap in order to ensure a corresponding coordination of the arrester.
- the spacer made of conductive or semiconducting material has a positive effect on the control of the residual voltage until the main section is overturned, as well as on the division of the discharge, especially in the case of air gaps.
- the rollover time may be delayed too much.
- the spacer or the spacer is divided into several, connected in series sections. This already leads to an improvement due to the greater inhomogeneity.
- auxiliary spark gaps can be introduced between the individual spacers, which cause ionization.
- the above-described variant of the division of the spacer or the spacer 3 also provides the ability to deliberately delay the formation of a continuous discharge channel, z. B. by an offset arrangement of the through channels (see Fig. 4).
- both main electrodes 1 and 2 are provided with a spacer 3.
- the respective main electrodes 1 and 2 touch the respective spacers 3, but this is not absolutely necessary.
- the cavity 8 is located here between the two spacers. 3
- a third, ignition electrode 9 is integrated by way of example, which serves for the external ignition of the spark gap.
- FIG. 3 shows a spark gap in which the separating section is not designed as an air-gap spark gap but as a sliding spark gap.
- the insulating material 10 in each case above a channel 31 of the spacer 3 has an opening which allows a sliding overlap between the main electrode 1 and the spacer 3.
- the spacer 3 is electrically conductively connected in this embodiment with the main electrode 2 via the support member 4.
- the support member 4 can also be used here as a metal part with high conductivity or, as in the embodiment of FIG. 1, be designed as a part with low electrical conductivity or semiconducting.
- the support member 4 has below the channels 31 of the spacer 3 also channels 31, which allow a direct passage from the spacer 3 to the cavity 8.
- the venting of the cavity 8 takes place here again via one or more channels 7 small cross-section.
- the channels 31 in the elements 3, 4 and 10 are exemplified as holes.
- Fig. 4 illustrates an arrangement with a series connection of a plurality of electrically conductive or semiconducting spacers 3 between the main electrodes 1 and 2.
- the main electrode 1 is provided here with a centrally executed third ignition electrode 11, which is separated from the main electrode 1 by the part 12 high impedance.
- the main electrode 1 is separated from the closest spacer part 3a by an insulating part 5a and the distance L1.
- the channels 31 of the superimposed and spaced spacers 3 are offset from each other.
- Between the spacers 3 may be devices for additional ionization of the gap. These devices can accelerate the flashover between the main electrodes 1 and 2.
- two conductive or semiconductive layers 14 which are separated by a minimum distance with increased resistance or an insulating path. This track is designed to overturn even at low voltages. The associated sparking ionizes the gap between the spacers 3a and 3b.
- an insulation gap or a stretch of increased resistance 16 is arranged between two electrically conductive or semiconducting parts 15. This has the same already described function of the ionization of the space between the spacers 3b and 3c.
- the part 4 can also be made isolated. Here it must be ensured that the response voltage of the total spark gap is not significantly increased.
- a vent may already be provided in the spaces between the spacers 3. This can be done laterally within, through or between parts 5 and 6.
- venting channels can run separately or merged.
- the execution of the or the venting channels from the housing can also be done on the front side or the cylinder wall.
- spacers 3 For mechanical stabilization, it is possible to supplement the spacers 3 by supporting elements between the discs. These support elements but can also be integral components of the spacers 3 or from a separate part with divergent material properties, eg. B. be carried out isolated. If such support elements realized, these can be equipped with suitable means for ionization of the interstices.
- Fig. 5 shows a variant in which the discharge is not carried out in continuous holes through a spacer, but between circumferential annular gaps 17 of a spacer body 3.
- the individual annular gaps 17 are each vented in separate channels 18 in or through the main electrode 2.
- the spacer body 3 can according to the variants of FIGS. 9 to 11 are realized.
- Fig. 6 shows various plan views of the spacers 3.
- the corresponding channels 31 may, for. B. slot-shaped or run as holes.
- the center-oriented column 33 or concentric annular gaps 32 are conceivable. It is crucial that the discharge channel is strongly concentrated at least in the x or y direction. This constriction and the material then essentially determine the achievable electric field strength of the arc.
- the required arc voltage can be set over the length of the channel (z-direction).
- the individual discharge channels 32 (annular gaps) can be interconnected (34) for ionization and pressure equalization.
- the second main electrode 2 is covered by a plate-shaped part 19.
- this plate 19 is electrically conductive or semiconducting, preferably with a non-linear characteristic, and represents a series impedance for the arc.
- the plate 19 can also be used to create an additional voltage drop.
- the plate 19 is made of a material which, in particular with momentum loading, tends to have no concentrated base-point behavior of the arc. This reduces the burnup of the main electrode 2 and then allows the use of cheaper materials there.
- Suitable materials for the plate 19 are z. For example, those materials that have a high melting point, composite materials with high melting point components, or materials that do not allow a concentrated arc root permanently, such. As most electrically conductive polymers.
- FIG. 8 shows an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 7 with a covered main electrode 2, in which the material of the plate 20 of the plate 19 of FIG. 7 may correspond, but alternatively also consists of a dense high-resistance or insulation material.
- the main electrode 2 additionally has vertical extensions 2a, by way of example.
- the material of the support member 4 can be selected to be electrically conductive or semiconducting.
- an insulating embodiment of the support member 4 is possible. It is crucial that only one separation stretch Ll or the stretch extension 2a to the spacer 3, the response dominated by a non-triggered spark gap. Alternatively, a vertical layering of the extensions 4 made of different materials is conceivable.
- the vertical discharge from the main electrode 1 through the spacer 3 is combined by the plate 20 with a horizontal gap discharge between the plate 20 and the support member 4.
- the dimension of the gap is here at values below 0, 1 mm.
- the discharge in the gap 200 can on the one hand be used to further influence the arc voltage and on the other hand, a cost-effective reduction of the erosion-resistant electrode material can be made. In addition, a mechanical separation of functions of the quasi-assembled main electrode 2 is possible.
- a gap discharge is not limited to the illustrated embodiment.
- a horizontal (radial) gap discharge can be replaced by a vertical (axial) gap discharge.
- a combination of vertical and horizontal discharge is possible, with the necessary diversion of the discharge leading to a further increase in the voltage drop.
- FIG. 9 shows a further variant of the embodiment of a spacer shown in FIG. 5, specifically as a cylinder in the interior of the spark gap.
- Variants 1 and 2 are characterized by a lower cylinder part 301 and an upper cylinder part 302.
- the lower cylinder 301 has a circular groove 303 between the two annular slots 304.
- the annular slots or annular grooves 304 have a different diameter for gas deflection.
- one or more connecting grooves 306 according to variant 2.
- ignition aids are located.
- a meandering channel 307 is provided in the embodiment of a cylindrical spacer body 3 of FIG. 10.
- the meander structure runs here in the axial direction.
- the inner part 308 of the cylinder may be made of a different material than the outer part 309.
- materials of different conductivity can be selected.
- the resulting channel length 307 can, with the same cylinder height over the slope, d. H. the meander course can be adjusted.
- the cylinder for the spacer according to FIG. 11 again has an outer part 309 and an inner part 308.
- thread-like extending grooves 35 are present, which extend from the top to the bottom of the spacer body 3. About the slope of the substantially parallel grooves 35 an adjustment of the channel length is given at a constant cylinder height.
Landscapes
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL07821883T PL2057724T3 (pl) | 2006-11-03 | 2007-10-26 | Zamknięty hermetycznie, odporny na piorunowe prądy udarowe ochronnik przepięciowy w wykonaniu ciśnieniowym z właściwością wygaszania następczych prądów sieciowych |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006052009 | 2006-11-03 | ||
DE102007002429.2A DE102007002429B4 (de) | 2006-11-03 | 2007-01-17 | Gekapselter, druckfest ausgeführter blitzstromtragfähiger Überspannungsableiter mit Netzfolgestromlöschvermögen |
PCT/EP2007/061521 WO2008052937A1 (de) | 2006-11-03 | 2007-10-26 | Gekapselter, druckfest ausgeführter blitzstromtragfähiger überspannungsableiter mit netzfolgestromlöschvermögen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2057724A1 true EP2057724A1 (de) | 2009-05-13 |
EP2057724B1 EP2057724B1 (de) | 2012-02-01 |
Family
ID=39093025
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07821883A Expired - Fee Related EP2057724B1 (de) | 2006-11-03 | 2007-10-26 | Gekapselter, druckfest ausgeführter blitzstromtragfähiger überspannungsableiter mit netzfolgestromlöschvermögen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2057724B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN101536276B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102007002429B4 (de) |
PL (1) | PL2057724T3 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2009119395A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2008052937A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009010212B4 (de) * | 2009-02-23 | 2017-12-07 | Epcos Ag | Elektrisches Vielschichtbauelement |
CN102738707B (zh) * | 2011-04-15 | 2014-07-23 | 上海电科电器科技有限公司 | 过电压保护装置 |
DE102014210516C5 (de) * | 2014-06-03 | 2020-03-26 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Funkenstrecke |
DE102017119288B4 (de) * | 2017-05-10 | 2023-03-23 | Dehn Se | Gekapselter Überspannungsableiter auf Funkenstreckenbasis |
CN107706074B (zh) * | 2017-09-25 | 2024-02-09 | 深圳市槟城电子股份有限公司 | 气体放电管 |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE656272C (de) * | 1933-09-09 | 1938-02-02 | Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges | Schutzeinrichtung gegen UEberspannungen in Hochspannungsanlagen |
BE440276A (de) * | 1939-06-13 | |||
DE824228C (de) * | 1947-11-28 | 1951-12-10 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | UEberspannungsschutzsicherung |
US3064156A (en) * | 1960-12-14 | 1962-11-13 | Ralph R Pittman | Excess-voltage protective device |
DE2204988C3 (de) * | 1972-02-03 | 1979-06-28 | Viktor Borisovitsch Beljajev | Entlader |
JPS55105989A (en) * | 1979-02-09 | 1980-08-14 | Hitachi Ltd | Tank type arrester |
CN1072853C (zh) * | 1995-01-06 | 2001-10-10 | 杨炳霖 | 浪涌吸收管 |
DE19717802B4 (de) * | 1997-04-26 | 2009-09-17 | Dehn + Söhne GmbH + Co KG | Funkenstrecke |
DE19856939A1 (de) * | 1998-12-10 | 2000-06-15 | Bettermann Obo Gmbh & Co Kg | Schaltungsanordnung zum Schutz von elektrischen Installationen gegen Überspannungsereignisse |
DE10164025B4 (de) * | 2001-08-21 | 2005-08-25 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Gekapselter, Netzfolgestrom begrenzender Überspannungsableiter auf Funkenstreckenbasis |
DE10231431B4 (de) * | 2002-07-11 | 2014-03-20 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Gekapselter, druckfester Überspannungsableiter mit einer Funkenstrecke |
DE102004006988B4 (de) * | 2003-11-28 | 2014-02-06 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung auf Funkenstreckenbasis, umfassend mindestens zwei in einem druckdichten Gehäuse befindliche Hauptelektroden |
-
2007
- 2007-01-17 DE DE102007002429.2A patent/DE102007002429B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-10-26 PL PL07821883T patent/PL2057724T3/pl unknown
- 2007-10-26 WO PCT/EP2007/061521 patent/WO2008052937A1/de active Application Filing
- 2007-10-26 RU RU2009119395/07A patent/RU2009119395A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-10-26 CN CN2007800402169A patent/CN101536276B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-10-26 EP EP07821883A patent/EP2057724B1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2008052937A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2057724B1 (de) | 2012-02-01 |
DE102007002429A1 (de) | 2008-05-08 |
WO2008052937A1 (de) | 2008-05-08 |
CN101536276B (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
RU2009119395A (ru) | 2010-12-10 |
CN101536276A (zh) | 2009-09-16 |
PL2057724T3 (pl) | 2012-07-31 |
DE102007002429B4 (de) | 2016-03-24 |
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