EP2024090B1 - Dispositif de maintien de pointes de pipette, pointe de pipette ainsi que dispositif de pipettage - Google Patents

Dispositif de maintien de pointes de pipette, pointe de pipette ainsi que dispositif de pipettage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2024090B1
EP2024090B1 EP07725637.8A EP07725637A EP2024090B1 EP 2024090 B1 EP2024090 B1 EP 2024090B1 EP 07725637 A EP07725637 A EP 07725637A EP 2024090 B1 EP2024090 B1 EP 2024090B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipette tip
section
sealing
guide
coupling
Prior art date
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EP07725637.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2024090A1 (fr
Inventor
Bert Jungheim
Ulf Friederichs
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Qiagen GmbH
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Qiagen GmbH
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Application filed by Qiagen GmbH filed Critical Qiagen GmbH
Priority to EP07725637.8A priority Critical patent/EP2024090B1/fr
Priority to EP21169623.2A priority patent/EP3885046A1/fr
Publication of EP2024090A1 publication Critical patent/EP2024090A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/02—Burettes; Pipettes
    • B01L3/0275—Interchangeable or disposable dispensing tips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/02—Burettes; Pipettes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/06—Fluid handling related problems
    • B01L2200/0689—Sealing

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of dosing technology and relates to a device for holding and positioning pipette tips and a pipette tip.
  • Pipette tips are elongated, typically conically tapering sleeves with a central through opening running along the longitudinal axis for metering small amounts of liquid.
  • the pipette tips are pushed at their wider end (coupling end) onto a suitable holder of a pipetting device and their pointed end, which is axially opposite the wide end, is immersed in the medium to be pipetted.
  • the pipette tips are disposable, i.e. they are thrown away after use.
  • Pipetting devices are widely used wherever relatively small amounts of liquid (e.g. in the microliter range) have to be dosed, for example in molecular biology.
  • the pipetting device can be manual pipetting devices or automatic pipetting devices or pipetting robots which have a single pipetting unit or a multiplicity of individual pipetting units which are operated simultaneously or separately.
  • the principle of operation of a pipetting device is based on the fact that a defined volume of fluid is displaced, for example in a cylinder.
  • the output side of the cylinder is connected airtight to the passage opening of the pipette tip, so that the displacement of the fluid volume results in a corresponding volume of the medium to be pipetted being sucked in at the pointed end of the pipette tip.
  • the pipette tip In order to ensure accurate dosing, the pipette tip must be securely and tightly connected to the pipetting device. This is necessary to a greater extent in automatic pipetting machines in which the secure fit and precise positioning of the individual pipette tips cannot be checked manually.
  • pipetting devices should be as low-maintenance and inexpensive to manufacture as possible.
  • a number of pipetting devices with holding devices for receiving pipette tips are known. For example, describe US 2002/094302 , U.S. 4,679,446 , DE 197 08 151 and U.S. 4,748,859 Pipette tips which have integrally formed circumferential sealing strips on the inner wall of their coupling end, which seal the pipette tip radially against an outer circumferential surface of the holder. As a result, a lateral positional alignment of the pipette tip is also to be achieved at the same time.
  • additional axial alignment means can be provided. These are for example in U.S. 6,168,761 , US 2003/082078 , CA 2 122 244 , U.S. 6,248,295 , EP 148 333 , U.S. 6,973,845 and U.S. 4,824,641 described.
  • a holding device with a rigid sealing bead is in US 2003/0000319 described.
  • This sealing bead interacts in the radial direction with a sealing surface of a pipette tip, the wall thickness of the pipette tip in the area of the sealing surfaces being sufficiently thin to ensure slight expansion when it is pushed onto the sealing bead.
  • EP 1 319 437 describes a holding device with an O-ring for radial sealing of a pipette tip.
  • a radial seal between the pipette tip and the holding device is in EP 0 351 574 described.
  • the holding device has a cylindrical sealing section which corresponds to a sealing section of the pipette tip, the wall thickness in the area of the pipette tip-side sealing section being smaller and therefore flexible compared to neighboring areas. This is achieved by weakening the wall thickness on the inside and outside of the pipette wall.
  • a pipette tip with an elastic cylindrical sealing section is also in WO 00/27530 described.
  • a pipetting device which has an annular pinch seal for radial sealing of the pipette tip.
  • a displaceable crimp sleeve is pressed axially onto the annular crimp seal and this is pressed radially outward into an annular groove which is formed on the inner wall of the through opening of the pipette tip.
  • a coupling sleeve with an annular stepped attachment is positioned axially in front of the pinch seal in the direction of the pipette tip, which is used for the axial and radial positioning of the pipette tip.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a pipette tip or corresponding pipette tips with which precise dosing is possible and which preferably have improved product properties compared to the prior art with regard to wear, maintenance and manufacturing costs.
  • a pipette tip according to claim 1 and a pipetting device according to claim 13 are therefore proposed.
  • the pipetting device comprises a coupling element which furthermore has at least one guide element arranged on its outside for the lateral alignment of the pipette tip with respect to the longitudinal axis.
  • a holding element for interacting with holding means of the pipette tip can be arranged on the outside of the coupling element in order to press the sealing section of the pipette tip against the axial sealing section and to position the pipette tip in the axial direction.
  • the pipette tip can be sealed off by an axially acting seal on the coupling element.
  • the coupling element has an elastic sealing element against which a sealing section of the pipette tip can be pressed axially.
  • the advantage of an axial seal is that it is considerably less subject to wear than a radial seal. A radial seal must be slid frictionally over an outer peripheral surface of the holder until it is sufficiently squeezed and thus seals, or, as in the case of the squeeze seal described above WO 00/62933 , is subject to a great deal of flexing. In the case of an axial seal, on the other hand, the corresponding sealing section only needs to be pressed against the seal.
  • the holder according to the invention is therefore considerably more durable and requires less maintenance.
  • the sealing element consists of a material which, compared to the material of the coupling element, is more elastic or has better elastic deformability.
  • the sealing element has an axial sealing section, ie a section that is accessible from the axial direction, for example an end face, against which the sealing section of the pipette tip can be pressed axially.
  • the seal and the holder or fastening are advantageously separated from one another both spatially and functionally, ie the sealing and holding elements are designed as separate elements.
  • the sealing element seals the pipette tip on the coupling element.
  • due to the axial sealing effect it also serves as an axial positioning means.
  • the pipette tip is not held or fixed by the seal. This function is taken over by the holding element, which interacts with an associated holding means on the pipette tip and secures it against axial displacement.
  • the sealing section of the pipette tip is pressed against the axial sealing section of the sealing element and, on the one hand, the desired sealing effect is achieved and, on the other hand, the axial position of the pipette tip is achieved by the Retaining element and sealing element defined.
  • the holding element allows a detachable connection between the coupling element and the pipette tip.
  • the lateral or radial alignment of the pipette tip on the coupling element is advantageously ensured by the interaction of the guide element on the holder side with corresponding guide elements, typically cylindrical surfaces on the inner wall of the pipette tip.
  • the separation of sealing and holding functions as well as lateral guidance is particularly advantageous in the case of automatic pipetting machines, since it enables the axial alignment (z-position) to be precisely defined through the interaction of the axial seal and the holding element.
  • a radial pinch seal on the other hand, could prevent defined axial positioning.
  • the mounting device according to the invention has a low-wear seal and allows precise positioning of the pipette tip and its secure mounting.
  • the integrated cylindrical guide surface should preferably run parallel to the longitudinal axis in the longitudinal direction. This ensures that the pipette tip is independent of the holder when its guide surface interacts with a guide element assumes a defined radial position from its axial position. The pipette tip can therefore be pushed onto the holder without the guide surface hindering an axial movement of the pipette tip and holder relative to one another.
  • the guide surface therefore only leads to a radial alignment of the pipette tip without influencing its axial positioning, ie the axial and radial alignment are separate.
  • the inner wall In the direction of the longitudinal axis, the inner wall typically has an angle greater than or equal to 0.2 °, preferably between 0.5 ° and 3 °, in particular between 0.5 ° and 1 °, with respect to the longitudinal axis.
  • the angle can also be between approximately 0.2 ° and 1 ° and, for example, be approximately 0.3 °. Due to the relatively small angle, the inner wall is shaped as a draft bevel for easier removal of the pipette tip produced from an injection mold with a comparatively small tapering of the hollow cross-section.
  • the coupling section furthermore has a first section and a second section which is arranged axially offset from the first section in the pushing-on direction, the first section having a smaller radial extent than the second section.
  • the coupling section has a sealing section between the first and second sections with a sealing surface pointing axially in the push-on direction for interacting with a sealing element of the holder.
  • the coupling section can have a holding means arranged on the inner wall of the second section for interacting with a holding element of the holder.
  • the cylindrical guide surface can be arranged in the first section, in the second section or in both sections.
  • the holding means can be an undercut formed on the inner wall of the second section.
  • the pipette tip is typically an injection-molded part, the inner walls of the first and second sections running parallel to the longitudinal axis, that is to say having no draft angles.
  • the coupling section, and in particular the second section of the pipette tip can comprise an area which is designed to be more flexible with respect to the remaining areas of the coupling section or the second section and is arranged towards the first axial end. The flexible area makes it easier to put on and remove the pipette tip from the holder.
  • the coupling section therefore consists of different materials.
  • the sealing section can be formed by a shoulder or shoulder between the first and second sections.
  • the holding element can be a flexible element that is suitably mounted on the outside of the coupling element, or a rigid or elastic element that is integrally molded on the outside or attached separately to the outside, for example one or more radial elevations that are partially or annularly distributed around the circumference .
  • a pipetting device with a coupling element and a pipette tip which can be releasably fastened to the coupling element and has a sealing section is proposed, the coupling element having a longitudinal axis running in the axial direction and having a free end from which the pipette tip can be pushed onto the coupling element in the axial direction is.
  • the coupling element also has a sealing element made of an elastic material, which has an axial and radially extending sealing section that is exposed in the axial direction towards the free end of the coupling section.
  • the sealing section of the pipette tip is preferably designed as an axial surface with respect to the longitudinal axis of the coupling element, which faces in the direction of the coupling element and can be formed, for example, by a shoulder.
  • at least a part of the sealing section of the coupling element should be axially pressed against at least a part of the sealing section of the pipette tip.
  • the coupling element of the pipetting device can additionally individually or in combination have the properties of the separate coupling element already described above, for example with regard to the properties and the material of the sealing element, the number, design and arrangement of guide elements or the number, design and arrangement of holding elements.
  • a pipetting device with a coupling element and a pipette tip releasably attachable to the coupling element is proposed, the coupling element having at least one guide element arranged on its outside for the lateral alignment of the pipette tip, and preferably comprising as many guide elements as the pipette tip has guide surfaces.
  • the guide element (s) can be designed, independently of one another, preferably in one piece or in several parts.
  • the pipette tip has a longitudinal axis and a coupling section running in the longitudinal axis for pushing onto the holder.
  • the coupling section furthermore has at least one section with an inner wall which tapers conically at least in sections counter to the pushing-on direction and in which a guide surface, which is cylindrical with respect to the longitudinal axis, is integrated for interacting with the at least one coupling-side guide element.
  • the guide element (s) on the coupling element is (are) designed in such a way that each guide element has at least partial surfaces of a cylindrical jacket surface, each corresponding to a cylindrical guide surface interacting with the partial surface on the pipette tip.
  • the pipette tip can additionally individually or in combination have the properties of the separate pipette tip already described above, for example with regard to the properties, the material, the design and arrangement of the inner wall, special sections or holding elements.
  • the coupling element of the pipetting device can also individually or in combination here have the properties of the separate coupling element already described above, for example with regard to the number, design and arrangement of guide elements.
  • the coupling element can comprise a sealing element with properties, configurations and suitable materials already described above, and one or more retaining elements already described above in terms of number, configuration and arrangement.
  • the coupling element can furthermore have at least one holding element arranged on its outside for interacting with at least one holding means of the pipette tip.
  • the at least one holding element can be designed to be rigid with respect to the at least one holding means.
  • the at least one holding element can also be designed to be flexible with respect to the at least one holding means.
  • the holder according to the invention has a coupling element with an in particular cylindrical base body which comprises an elastic sealing element with a sealing section which is exposed axially in the direction of the free end of the holder and which extends at least partially radially. A corresponding sealing section of a pipette tip can be pushed axially against this sealing section. The sealing effect is achieved by pressing axially against the sealing element.
  • the sealing element typically consists of a fluoroelastomer and can be designed, for example, as an O-ring or also as an X-ring, where O and X refer to the cross section of the ring material.
  • cross sections for example hollow or V cross sections, are also possible.
  • the choice of the respective cross-section is intended to achieve material elasticity in the cross-section, i.e. the cross-section of the sealing element is elastic, in particular can be deformed in the longitudinal direction of the coupling element, and therefore enables a very good axial sealing effect.
  • the coupling element also has at least one guide element for laterally positioning and aligning the pipette tip with respect to the longitudinal axis of the holder.
  • the guide element can be embodied radially, preferably with a constant radial extent, circumferentially around the coupling element, it being possible for it to consist of sub-elements.
  • the guide element can protrude radially beyond neighboring sections of the outside of the coupling element.
  • the guide element thus has a greater radial extent than adjacent sections of the coupling element. This ensures that a radial contact between the coupling element and the pipette tip is established essentially only via the guide element and that the guide element thus determines the lateral or radial position of the pipette tip.
  • the guide element rests on the inner wall of the pipette tip, which in turn corresponds May have guide elements or guide surfaces.
  • the guide element can be annular.
  • the guide element on the holder side is, in particular, guide surfaces or partial surfaces that are cylindrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the coupling element.
  • the lateral guidance and alignment of the pipette tip is independent of axial positioning means.
  • the coupling element can have two guide elements axially spaced from one another on its outside. This further improves the lateral or radial alignment or positioning of the pipette tip. An improved coaxial alignment of the coupling element and pipette tip is also achieved, i.e. tilting or holding the pipette tip on the holder is prevented. This is particularly advantageous in the case of automatic pipetting machines with a large number of simultaneously actuated pipette tips, which are arranged, for example, in a matrix.
  • the axial spacing of the guide elements is understood to mean the spacing of the contact areas or contact edges that are furthest apart from one another.
  • the guide elements can define guide rings which run radially around the coupling element and have different radial dimensions or different external diameters.
  • the axial distance is defined by the respective outer edge or outer line of the guide surface, i.e. the outer edges which are axially farthest from one another.
  • the guide rings can optionally be designed as continuous circumferential rings or as interrupted rings. It is also possible to design one guide ring as a continuously encircling ring and the other guide ring as an interrupted ring.
  • the guide element or the guide ring or rings can have a certain axial extent so that guide surfaces are defined thereby, the axial width of which corresponds essentially to that of the axial extent of the guide rings or the guide element. It is also possible to reduce the axial extent of the guide element or the guide ring (s) to such an extent that one or more essentially linear contacts between the guide element and The pipette tip remains. When using, for example, a plurality of guide elements arranged in a ring shape, one or more point-like contacts to the pipette tip can be made in each case with a corresponding design.
  • the coupling element has two guide elements with different radial dimensions or outside diameters, the axial distance between the two guide elements being at least as great as the larger of the two outside diameters.
  • the coupling element has a first section, which is arranged near the free end or at the free end of the coupling element, and a second section, which is arranged axially offset from the first section in the push-on direction.
  • the sections are substantially cylindrical in shape.
  • Each section can have a guide element, in particular the first section facing the free end preferably having a smaller radial extent than the second section at each point. This defines a step between the two sections on which the sealing element can be arranged.
  • the sealing element is therefore preferably located between the first and second sections and typically protrudes radially beyond the first section and the guide element located there, so that part of the sealing element is freely accessible axially from the free end of the coupling element.
  • an inner stepped shoulder of the pipette tip which is formed by a radially circumferential sealing surface pointing in the axial direction, can be pressed against the sealing element.
  • the coupling element furthermore has at least one holding element which is arranged on the outside of the coupling element, interacts with corresponding holding means of the pipette tip and releasably fixes the pipette tip.
  • the holding element brings about an especially axial fixation, so that at the same time the sealing section of the pipette tip is pressed axially against the axial sealing section of the coupling element.
  • the interaction of the sealing element with the sealing means on the one hand and the holding element and holding means on the other hand results in a secure and precisely defined axial Positioning of the pipette tip achieved.
  • the holding element can be flexible or rigid.
  • the holding element can be a flexible tensioning element, e.g. a circumferential spring element, which is arranged in a circumferential recess located on the outside of the coupling element.
  • Flexible holding elements enable the pipette tip to be pushed on or stripped off with little effort.
  • flexible holding elements are relatively low-wear and comparatively error-tolerant, since they can partially compensate for manufacturing tolerances, for example of the pipette tip, due to their flexibility.
  • the holding element can also be designed to be rigid and, for example, have individual radial elevations, for example rigid cams or knobs, which are preferably distributed in a ring around the coupling element.
  • a non-annular distribution or a continuous ring are also suitable as rigid holding elements.
  • Rigid holding elements have the advantage over flexible holding elements that they allow the pipette tip to be centered more precisely.
  • the holding element can engage in a radially circumferential undercut on the pipette tip, which is typically arranged on the inner wall of the through opening of the pipette tip.
  • the holding element is arranged behind the guide element or elements, as seen in the pushing-on direction. This ensures that the sealing element is located in front of the holding element in the direction of the free end of the coupling element and thereby protects the holding element from accidental contamination with the medium to be pipetted.
  • the holding device comprises an axially symmetrical, typically essentially cylindrical coupling element 4 with a longitudinal axis 6 and an axially arranged through opening 5.
  • the coupling element has a front free end 8.
  • a pipette tip 10 can be pushed onto the coupling element 4 from the free end 8.
  • the pipette tip 10 is axially symmetrical in shape and faces near its rear end (coupling end or first axial end) 12 has a coupling section 14 which is pushed onto the coupling element 4.
  • the pipette tip tapers conically from its coupling section 14 to its front pointed end (not shown here) and there has a suction opening for sucking in the medium to be pipetted.
  • the pipette tip is typically intended for single use and designed as an injection-molded part.
  • a suitable, easy-to-process material for pipette tips is polypropylene, which is injected into a suitable injection mold in liquid form and optionally with additives (e.g. paint) and / or fillers. After the polypropylene has solidified, the finished pipette tip is ejected from the injection mold and, if necessary, the gate is removed.
  • the coupling element 4 is typically formed in one piece from metal and has a first section 20 at its free end 8.
  • a second section 22 of the coupling element 4 is arranged axially offset in the pushing-on direction 2 with respect to the first section 20.
  • the first section 20 preferably has a smaller radial extent than the second section 22 at each point, so that the second section 22, which is at the rear in the pushing-on direction 2, projects radially beyond the first section 20.
  • a guide element 25, 26 in the form of a circumferential cylindrical guide surface is arranged on the outside of each section.
  • the guide elements 25, 26, which run in the longitudinal direction parallel to the longitudinal axis 6, have a greater radial extent than adjacent areas of the respective sections 20, 22 over which they extend radially.
  • the two guide elements 25 and 26 which are axially offset from one another, also prevent the pipette tip 10 from being placed at an angle or tilting the same onto the coupling element 4.
  • the two guide elements 25, 26 preferably have an axial distance d that is at least as large as the diameter D (radial extension) of the larger of the two guide elements, here the second guide element 26. This ensures the coaxial alignment of the pipette tip 10 on the coupling element 4 further improved.
  • the distance d is defined here by the distance between the respective outer edges 28, 29 of the guide elements 25, 26. These Outer edges form the axial end regions of the contact between the guide elements 25, 26 and the pipette tip.
  • the holding element 27, in cooperation with the first guide element 25, has the function of aligning the pipette tip laterally.
  • the distance d 1 between the holding element 27 and the guide element 25 is, as in FIG Figure 3 shown, also larger than the diameter D 1 of the holding element 27 (see also Figure 11 ).
  • the coupling section 14 of the pipette tip 10 also has a first section 40 and a second section 42, the first section 40 having a smaller radial extension (diameter) than the second section 42.
  • a step or shoulder 43 is formed between the first and second section 40, 42, which serves as a sealing surface 43.
  • the first and second guide elements 25 and 26 are shaped essentially identically in the exemplary embodiment presented. However, it is also possible to give the guide elements a different shape.
  • the guide elements 25, 26 are circumferential and rise in relation to the surrounding outer contour of the respective coupling element-side sections 20, 22 in the form of an integrally formed ring with a circumferential guide surface, the cross section of which is trapezoidal.
  • the sealing element is advantageously a ring seal made of an elastic material. Fluoroelastomers in particular have proven to be suitable materials because they have high elasticity, durability, high chemical resistance and low wear.
  • the sealing element is designed as a solid ring with a rectangular cross section. However, it is also possible to use ring seals with a circular (O-rings) or X-shaped cross-section.
  • a sealing element 21 'with an X-shaped cross section is shown, for example, in Figure 4 shown.
  • the sealing element 21 ' has four sealing lips, the sealing lip 23' pointing radially outward toward the free end 12 representing the axial sealing section 23 against which the corresponding sealing section of the pipette tip is pressed.
  • the sealing element 21 shown has approximately the same radial extent as the second section 22 and thus protrudes beyond the first section 20 in the radial direction.
  • a sealing section 23 is therefore essentially exposed axially in the direction of the open end 8 of the coupling element 4.
  • the sealing section 23 serves as an axial sealing surface and is pressed axially against the circumferentially formed inner shoulder 43 of the pipette tip 10.
  • Figure 2 recognizable which shows a pipette tip completely placed on the coupling element 4
  • the sealing element 21 is only in direct contact with its axial sealing section 23 with the inner wall of the pipette tip and in particular with the shoulder 43. This creates an axial seal and, at the same time, a z-alignment reached.
  • the z-alignment is furthermore defined by a holding element, which is described further below.
  • the sealing element 21 has a somewhat smaller outer diameter compared to the inner diameter of the second section 42 of the pipette tip. This ensures that the inner wall of the pipette tip is not frictionally guided over the sealing element 21 when it is pushed on, whereby it is considerably less stressed than radial seals, which have to be pushed frictionally over usually conical surfaces to achieve a sufficient sealing effect. Therefore, the maintenance effort for the axial sealing element 21 according to the invention is also considerably lower.
  • a radial contact between the coupling element 4 and the pipette tip 10 is established via the coupling element-side guide elements 25 and 26 and via first and second guide surfaces 45 and 46 of the coupling section 14 of the pipette tip 10.
  • the guide surfaces 45, 46 on the pipette tip side can be formed by the inner walls of the respective sections 40, 42 of the pipette tip 10. However, it is also possible to form raised guide surfaces on the inner wall of the pipette tip.
  • Each section of the coupling section 14 on the pipette tip side has a continuously encircling or circumferentially distributed subsegments Guide surface 45, 46, the diameter of which corresponds to the outer diameter of the respectively assigned first and second guide elements 25, 26, so that a positive alignment of the pipette tip 10 is achieved.
  • the corresponding guide surfaces 45, 46 do not have any draft angles.
  • Demoulding bevels are usually provided on injection molded parts in order to be able to more easily detach them from the injection mold.
  • the guide surfaces on the pipette tip run in the axial direction parallel to the axis 6. This ensures that the radial or lateral alignment of the pipette tip does not depend on how far the pipette tip is pushed onto the coupling element. In the case of conically tapering guide surfaces, when the pipette tip is pushed onto the coupling element, these would be increasingly braced on the coupling element and thereby oppose a resistance to the axial movement.
  • Conical guide surfaces thus influence the axial alignment and increase the required push-on force.
  • annular groove 30 for receiving an annular spring 27 is introduced in the pushing-on direction behind the second guide element 26.
  • the annular spring 27 serves as a holding element and engages in an undercut 47 on the inside of the second section 42 of the pipette tip.
  • the pipette tip When the pipette tip is put on, it is pushed with its rear end 12 first over the second guide element 26 and the annular spring 27 until the annular spring 27 snaps into the rear section 47. This positions the pipette tip axially and fixes it on the coupling element.
  • the ring spring 27 and the undercut 47 create a detachable connection which is at the same time sufficiently stable to press the shoulder 43 axially against the axial sealing section 23 and thus to seal the pipette tip on the coupling element.
  • the ring spring can have a slight screw thread.
  • the guide surfaces 45 and 46 of the pipette tip which interact with the coupling element-side guide elements in the attached state, typically have a distance from one another that is greater than the inner diameter of the second guide surface 46
  • Guide element 26 is arranged on the coupling element, the distance between first guide surface 45 and undercut (holding means) 47 is greater than the inner diameter of the recess of undercut 47 is, this relation also applies when using two guide elements 25, 26 or guide surfaces 45, 46.
  • the first guide element 25 can be arranged close to the sealing section 23.
  • the guide surface 45 can be formed close to the shoulder 43.
  • the distance between the shoulder 43 and the undercut 47, in particular from the center of the undercut 47 is typically also greater than the inside diameter of the undercut 47.
  • FIG 11 shows a coupling element 4 and a pipette tip 10 according to an embodiment.
  • the coupling element 4 has a first guide element 25 in the form of a surface which is arranged in front of the sealing element 21 in the pushing-on direction 2, ie in the first section 20 of the coupling element 4.
  • a holding element 27 is arranged in the second section 22 of the coupling element 4.
  • a second guide element is not provided here.
  • the pipette tip 10 has a guide surface 45 which corresponds to the guide element 25 of the coupling element 4 and which sits in front of a sealing section or shoulder 43 in the push-on direction 2, ie is arranged in the first section 40 of the pipette tip 10.
  • the inner surface of the pipette tip 10 is shown here running slightly conically, the guide surface 45 being designed as a cylindrical surface integrated into the wall of the pipette tip 10. This is discussed below in connection with the Figure 8 explained in more detail.
  • a holding means 47 in the form of an undercut is arranged at a distance from the sealing section 43.
  • the holding means 27 and the holding element 25 are at a distance d 1 from one another, which can also be referred to as the guide width.
  • Guide width d 1 is determined from the center of the respective elements.
  • the axial extent (width of the individual guide surface) of holding means 27 and holding element 25 is denoted by l 1 and l 2 , respectively.
  • the outer diameter of the holding means 27 is indicated here with Di.
  • the undercut 47 of the pipette tip 10 has a maximum diameter D 2 .
  • the guide surface 45 has a distance (guide width) d 2 from the undercut 47 (in relation to the center thereof).
  • undercut 47 and guide surface 45 is indicated by l 3 and l 4, respectively, l 4 typically being greater than l 2 , so that the shoulder between the cylindrical guide surface 45 and the conical inner wall (see paragraph 74 in Figure 8 ) does not come into contact with the holding element 25 of the coupling element 4 and prevents the pipette tip 10 from being pushed onto the coupling element 4.
  • the guide widths d 1 and d 2 , the axial dimensions l 1 , l 2 , l 3 and l 4 as well as the diameters D 1 and D 2 are matched accordingly so that the respective elements can fulfill their purpose (guide surface 45 and guide element 25 for lateral alignment; holding element 27 and undercut 47 in the present exemplary embodiment for lateral alignment and fixation), whereby the fixation can also be combined with a slight clamping.
  • the distance between the undercut 47 and the shoulder 43 should be maintained as precisely as possible, the distance being designed so that the shoulder 43 can be pressed against the sealing section 23 to achieve a sufficient sealing effect.
  • the elasticity of the sealing element 21 allows a certain tolerance, an X-shaped sealing element with the same material allowing a somewhat higher tolerance than, for example, an O-ring.
  • the distance between shoulder 43 and undercut can be, for example, 8 to 9 mm.
  • the inner diameter of the second section 42 on the pipette tip side can be approximately between 6 and 7.5 mm, that of the first section 40 on the pipette tip side between approximately 5 and 6 mm.
  • the pipette tip When the pipette tip is pushed on, reversible slight deformation of the rear end 12 of the pipette tip can occur, since the rear end is slightly stretched when it passes the annular spring 27.
  • the pipette tip should therefore be designed to be elastic to a certain extent at its rear end. The elasticity can be adjusted by a suitable choice of material thickness. However, it is also possible to use the Ring spring 27 to be flexible enough that it yields when the pipette tip is placed and jumps into the undercut 47 when it is passed.
  • the annular groove 30 is designed with an inclined inner wall 31 which tapers conically towards the front end 8 of the coupling element. This ensures that the annular spring 27 is exactly positioned axially in the direction of the free end 8, since it is slightly compressed radially by the pipette tip, gives way due to the conical inner wall 31 in the direction of the stop surface 50 and is pressed and positioned against it. This results in a frictional connection starting from the sealing element 21 via the pipette-side sealing section 43 to the undercut 47, which guides the flow of force via the annular spring 27 to the stop surface 50. As a result, the pipette tip is securely attached to the coupling element and aligned.
  • FIG. 3 Another embodiment shows Figure 3 .
  • rigid cams 57 are used as the holding element, which cams are evenly distributed over the circumference of the second section. At least three cams are favorable.
  • the cams 57 are integrally formed as a circumferential raised ring which is interrupted by incisions.
  • several separate rigid cams are more favorable than a continuous ring, since this would force a strong widening of the rear end 12 of the coupling section 14 when the pipette tip is pushed on.
  • the cams 57 engage in an undercut 47 on the pipette tip.
  • FIGS 5 to 7 show a further embodiment.
  • an annular spring (not shown) is used as the holding element, which is arranged in an annular groove 60 with parallel side walls 61, 62 and V-shaped inner wall 63.
  • the annular groove 60 has the advantage that, on the one hand, the annular spring is supported in a defined manner in the axial direction and, on the other hand, is elastically deformable in the radial direction. This makes it easier to put on the pipette tip and leads to a long service life for the ring spring.
  • the V-shaped inner wall 63 ( Figure 6 ) comprises two partial surfaces which are at an obtuse angle to one another, these being arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis 6.
  • the second guide element 26 projects beyond surrounding areas of the second section 22 on the coupling element side.
  • run-on flanks 65, 66 which are symmetrical in shape are formed on the sides of the second guide element 26.
  • a rear run-on flank 67 and a front, conical insertion bevel 68 for pre-centering the pipette tip are also formed.
  • FIG Figure 10 Another embodiment of a coupling element 4 is shown in FIG Figure 10 shown.
  • the holding element 27 is formed by circumferentially arranged separate cams 90, which for example represent parts of a ring.
  • the cams 90 can easily be produced from an integrally formed ring, for example, into which axially extending incisions 91 have been made. This results in separate and, in this case, rigid cams 90 which, as in the exemplary embodiments shown above, can engage in an undercut 47 of the pipette tip 10, which is provided in the second section 42 of the pipette tip 14. Via the interaction between the cam 90 and the undercut 47, the pipette tip 10 with its sealing section 43 is pressed axially against the sealing element 21.
  • the ring, or the cams 90 can be one in the axial direction Have round contour which largely corresponds to the contour of the undercut 47 in order to enable a good form fit.
  • the coupling element 4 shown does not have a separate second guide element in the region of the second section 22 of the coupling element 4. This function is taken over by the cams 90 in cooperation with the undercut 47 on the pipette tip side.
  • the second guide surface 46 in the second pipette-side section 42 can then also be dispensed with.
  • the pipette tip 10, viewed in the pushing-on direction, can then have a first guide surface 45 in the area of the first section 40, a shoulder 43 at the transition to the second section 42 and a holding means 47 spaced from the shoulder 43 (undercut in the present example).
  • the first guide element 25 is formed by a circumferential ring with axial incisions 93, the ring having a cylindrical outer contour.
  • the incisions 93 lead to spatially separated ring segments 92 or cams. Due to the cylindrical outer contour of the ring, each cam 92 has a part of the cylindrical outer contour, so that the holding element-side cams 92 together form a circumferential guide element in the form of an interrupted surface.
  • axially extending incisions 93 were made in the region of the first guide element 25.
  • the cams 92 interact with the inner first guide surfaces 45 in the area of the first section 40 of the pipette tip 14 for the radial or lateral alignment of the pipette tip 14 with respect to the coupling element 4.
  • the coupling elements described above can be arranged on manual pipette holders but also on automatic pipetting machines which have many coupling elements.
  • Such automatic pipetting machines also have further components, in particular means for stripping off the pipette tips.
  • These means usually comprise a stripper that can be moved in the axial direction relative to the coupling element, engages behind the rear end 12 of the pipette tip 10 and pushes it from the coupling element counter to the pushing-on direction 2.
  • FIG 8 a section (first section 40 or second section 42) of the pipette-side coupling section is shown enlarged.
  • This section has a conically tapering inner wall (inner surface) 70.
  • the cone angle (angle between inner wall 70 and longitudinal axis 6) is only a few degrees and is preferably between 0.5 ° and 1 °.
  • This slightly conical design is a so-called draft angle in order to more easily detach the injection molded pipette tip from the injection mold.
  • the outer wall (outer surface) 71 of the coupling section also runs conically for this reason.
  • a cylindrical guide surface 72 is integrated into the inner wall 70, ie the guide surface 72 runs in the longitudinal direction parallel to the longitudinal axis 6.
  • the shoulder 74 is not the sealing surface 43. It is favorable if the guide surface merges directly into the conical inner wall 70 towards the wide end of the cone.
  • the wall of the pipette tip should be made sufficiently rigid in this area. Since the cone angle, as described above, is typically very small, the formation of the cylindrical guide surface 72 only leads to a negligible reduction in the wall thickness, so that sufficient stability is also ensured in the area of the guide surface 72. If necessary, the overall wall should be made correspondingly thicker. Typically, a cylindrical guide surface is only formed on the inner wall 70. In contrast, the outer wall 71 typically has a conical shape.
  • Figure 9 shows an embodiment with improved flexibility of the pipette-side coupling section 14.
  • the coupling section 14 (or the second section of the pipette tip) has longitudinal incisions 82 which are filled with a separate material in order to form axial soft components.
  • the material 82 of the axial soft components 82 is more elastic than the material 80 from which the main part of the coupling section 14 is made and thereby increases the radial flexibility of the coupling section.
  • the incisions 82 can, as in FIG Figure 9 indicated, through the undercut 34 for receiving the coupling element-side retaining element.
  • An injection molding process can also be used to produce such two-component pipette tips.
  • the pipette tip also has an on Coupling section 14 attached and conically tapering section 84 in the axial direction, which at its axial end remote from the coupling section 14 has an opening for sucking in a medium to be pipetted.
  • the total volume of the pipette tip is not particularly limited.
  • pipette tips as described above, can be designed so that they have a receiving volume in the receiving area, ie in the area of the pipette tip in which the medium to be pipetted is received (receiving section) including the outlet section for dispensing the medium, of 5 to 2000 ⁇ l , preferably from 40 to 1800 ⁇ l, more preferably from 50 to 1500 ⁇ l.
  • the length of a pipette tip usually results from the desired volume if the geometry of the individual sections of the receiving area is defined.
  • the length of the pipette tip is therefore generally not particularly restricted.
  • the pipette tips can have a length in the range from 50 to 150 mm, preferably from 60 to 140 mm and most preferably from 80 to 120 mm.
  • pipette tips with a holding volume of 50 ⁇ l are 60 mm long
  • pipette tips with a holding volume of 200 or 1000 ⁇ l each have a length of 80 mm
  • pipette tips with a holding volume of 1500 ⁇ l are 120 mm long.
  • the pipette tip can be made of polypropylene and filled with graphite to enable capacitive level measurements.
  • the sealing element can be made of fluoroelastomer, e.g. Viton® or Kalrez® from DuPont.
  • fluoroelastomer e.g. Viton® or Kalrez® from DuPont.
  • Other elastic materials are also suitable, depending on the medium to be pipetted.
  • the coupling elements which are also often referred to as a mandrel, consist of a preferably corrosion-resistant metal, for example stainless steel or other alloys that contain, for example, tantalum, titanium or tungsten.
  • a corrosion-resistant metal for example stainless steel or other alloys that contain, for example, tantalum, titanium or tungsten.
  • suitable, for example conductive, plastic for example conductive, plastic.
  • Composites made from different materials are also possible, for example stainless steel with plastic inserts or connections made from different conductive and non-conductive plastics.
  • the coupling element has at least one guide element, preferably one-piece or multi-part, arranged on its outside, for the lateral alignment of the pipette tip.
  • the coupling element has two axially spaced apart guide elements on the outside of the coupling element.
  • the guide elements each form a radially circumferential guide ring with a predetermined radial and preferably constant radial extension, the guide rings having different radial extensions and preferably being continuous and / or interrupted independently of one another.
  • the guide elements have a distance (d) from one another which is at least as great as the radial extension (D) of the guide elements or of the larger of the two guide elements.
  • the coupling element has at least one holding element arranged on its outside for interacting with holding means of the pipette tip in order to press the sealing section of the pipette tip against the axial sealing section and / or to position the pipette tip in the axial direction.
  • the coupling element has a first section, which is arranged near the free end of the coupling element, and a second section, which is arranged axially offset in the push-on direction with respect to the first section.
  • the first section preferably has a smaller radial extent than the second section at each point.
  • a guide element is arranged on each of the first and second sections.
  • the sealing element is arranged between the first and second sections.
  • the holding element is arranged on the second section.
  • the sealing element consists of a fluoroelastomer.
  • the holding element is a circumferential spring element which is arranged in a circumferential recess located on the outside of the coupling element.
  • the holding element has one or more radial elevations which are partially or annularly arranged on the outside of the coupling element and which are preferably rigid or flexible.
  • the holding element is arranged behind all guide elements as seen in the pushing-on direction.
  • the sealing element is elastically deformable in its material cross section.
  • the coupling element has an insertion bevel at the free end for pre-adjusting the pipette tip.
  • a pipetting device is provided with a coupling element according to one of the preceding embodiments and a pipette tip which can be releasably fastened to the coupling element and has a sealing section which, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the coupling element, is configured as an axial surface that points in the direction of the coupling element, and wherein in the coupled state at least a part of the sealing section of the coupling element is axially pressed against at least a part of the sealing section of the pipette tip.
  • a pipetting device is provided with a coupling element and a pipette tip that can be detachably fastened to the coupling element according to one of claims 1 to 14, the coupling element having at least one guide element arranged on its outside for the lateral alignment of the pipette tip, and preferably having as many guide elements as as the pipette tip has guide surfaces, wherein the guide element (s) is (are) preferably formed in one piece or in several parts, independently of one another, and wherein each guide element has at least partial surfaces of a cylindrical jacket surface, which in each case corresponds to a cylindrical guide surface interacting with the partial surface on the pipette tip .
  • the pipetting device additionally has the features described in the embodiments mentioned above and preferably also a sealing element according to one of the embodiments described above.
  • the coupling element of the pipetting device has at least one holding element arranged on its outside for interacting with at least one holding means of the pipette tip, the at least one holding element preferably being either rigid or flexible with respect to the at least one holding means.
  • the embodiments described above have in common that they enable the pipette tip to be placed on and stripped off with comparatively little expenditure of force. This is achieved on the one hand by the flexible holding elements on the coupling element side and on the other hand by flexible regions of the rear end 12 of the pipette tip.
  • all coupling elements have a low-wear or even wear-free seal, since the sealing element is designed as an axial sealing element.
  • the guide elements allow precise radial or lateral (x and y direction) positioning and prevent tilting of the pipette tip.
  • the axial positioning (z-direction) is determined on the one hand by the interaction of the coupling element-side holding element with the holding means on the pipette tip and on the other hand by the pressing of the shoulder 43 against the sealing element 21.
  • the seal and the attachment are thus spatially and functionally separated from one another and enable the pipette tip to be secured in position on the coupling element. Both the pipette tip and the coupling element can be manufactured inexpensively and are robust in use

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Pointe de pipette destinée à être posée sur un support, dans laquelle la pointe de pipette présente :
    - un axe longitudinal (6) ; et
    - une section de couplage (14) s'étendant dans l'axe longitudinal (6), destinée à être enfilée sur le support, dans laquelle la section de couplage (14) a une première section (40) et une deuxième section (42) disposée de manière décalée axialement par rapport à la première section (40) dans le sens d'enfilement (2), et la première section (40) présente une extension radiale plus petite que la deuxième section (42), et dans laquelle la pointe de pipette présente une section étanche entre la première et la deuxième section (40, 42) avec une surface étanche (43) pointant axialement dans le sens d'enfilement (2) pour interagir avec un élément étanche du support,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la première section (40) ou la deuxième section (42) a une paroi intérieure (70), conique au moins par section, dans le sens opposé au sens d'enfilement (2), dans laquelle une surface de guidage (72) cylindrique par rapport à l'axe longitudinal (6) est intégrée, dans laquelle la surface de guidage (72) cylindrique et la paroi intérieure (70) forment conjointement un retrait (74) dont la profondeur radiale dépend de l'angle conique de la paroi intérieure (70) et de l'extension longitudinale de la surface de guidage (72) cylindrique.
  2. Pointe de pipette selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la paroi intérieure (70) présente par rapport au sens de l'axe longitudinal par rapport à l'axe longitudinal (6) un angle supérieur à 0,2° et de préférence compris entre 0,5° et 3°.
  3. Pointe de pipette selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle la première section (40) a une paroi intérieure (70) s'étendant de manière conique, dans laquelle la surface de guidage (45) cylindrique est intégrée.
  4. Pointe de pipette selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la première et la deuxième section (40, 42) ont respectivement des parois intérieures s'étendant de manière conique, dans lesquelles respectivement une surface de guidage (45, 46, 72) cylindrique est intégrée.
  5. Pointe de pipette selon une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle elle présente au moins un moyen de maintien (47) disposé sur la paroi intérieure de la deuxième section (42), destiné à interagir avec un élément de maintien du support.
  6. Pointe de pipette selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle le moyen de maintien (47) est une contre-dépouille.
  7. Pointe de pipette selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans laquelle la section de couplage (14) comprend une zone d'extrémité, qui est réalisée de manière plus flexible par rapport aux zones restantes de la section de couplage (14).
  8. Pointe de pipette selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle la section de couplage (14) est constituée d'un premier matériau (80) et présente des entailles (82) s'étendant dans le sens longitudinal, qui sont remplies d'un deuxième matériau qui est plus élastique par rapport au premier matériau.
  9. Pointe de pipette selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la section étanche est un épaulement entre la première et la deuxième section (40, 42) .
  10. Pointe de pipette selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la distance entre la section étanche et le moyen de maintien (47) est plus grande que l'extension radiale du moyen de maintien (47).
  11. Pointe de pipette selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la distance entre la surface de guidage (45, 72) disposée dans la première section et le moyen de maintien (47) est plus grande que l'extension radiale du moyen de maintien (47).
  12. Pointe de pipette selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la section étanche est disposée entre la surface de guidage (45, 72) cylindrique et le moyen de maintien (47).
  13. Dispositif de pipetage avec un élément de couplage (4) et une pointe de pipette (10) fixée de manière amovible sur l'élément de couplage (4) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12,
    - dans lequel l'élément de couplage (4) présente au moins un élément de guidage (25, 26) disposé sur son côté extérieur, destiné à orienter latéralement la pointe de pipette (10) et présente de préférence autant d'éléments de guidage (25, 26) que la pointe de pipette (10) présente de surfaces de guidage (45, 46, 72),
    - dans lequel le ou les éléments de guidage (25, 26) sont réalisés indépendamment les uns des autres de préférence d'un seul tenant ou en plusieurs parties,
    - et dans lequel chaque élément de guidage (25, 26) présente au moins des surfaces partielles d'une surface enveloppante cylindrique, qui correspond respectivement à une surface de guidage (45, 46, 72) cylindrique interagissant avec la surface partielle sur la pointe de pipette (10).
EP07725637.8A 2006-05-29 2007-05-29 Dispositif de maintien de pointes de pipette, pointe de pipette ainsi que dispositif de pipettage Active EP2024090B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07725637.8A EP2024090B1 (fr) 2006-05-29 2007-05-29 Dispositif de maintien de pointes de pipette, pointe de pipette ainsi que dispositif de pipettage
EP21169623.2A EP3885046A1 (fr) 2006-05-29 2007-05-29 Dispositif de maintien des pointes de pipette et son utilisation

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06010976.6A EP1862219B1 (fr) 2006-05-29 2006-05-29 Appareil pour retenir un embout à pipette et pipette utilisant ledit embout
EP07725637.8A EP2024090B1 (fr) 2006-05-29 2007-05-29 Dispositif de maintien de pointes de pipette, pointe de pipette ainsi que dispositif de pipettage
PCT/EP2007/004746 WO2007137818A1 (fr) 2006-05-29 2007-05-29 dispositif de maintien de pointes de pipettes, POINTE DE pipette ainsi que dispositif de pipettage

Related Child Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21169623.2A Division EP3885046A1 (fr) 2006-05-29 2007-05-29 Dispositif de maintien des pointes de pipette et son utilisation
EP21169623.2A Division-Into EP3885046A1 (fr) 2006-05-29 2007-05-29 Dispositif de maintien des pointes de pipette et son utilisation
EP20164908.4 Division-Into 2020-03-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2024090A1 EP2024090A1 (fr) 2009-02-18
EP2024090B1 true EP2024090B1 (fr) 2021-06-30

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EP06010976.6A Active EP1862219B1 (fr) 2006-05-29 2006-05-29 Appareil pour retenir un embout à pipette et pipette utilisant ledit embout
EP21169623.2A Pending EP3885046A1 (fr) 2006-05-29 2007-05-29 Dispositif de maintien des pointes de pipette et son utilisation
EP07725637.8A Active EP2024090B1 (fr) 2006-05-29 2007-05-29 Dispositif de maintien de pointes de pipette, pointe de pipette ainsi que dispositif de pipettage

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EP06010976.6A Active EP1862219B1 (fr) 2006-05-29 2006-05-29 Appareil pour retenir un embout à pipette et pipette utilisant ledit embout
EP21169623.2A Pending EP3885046A1 (fr) 2006-05-29 2007-05-29 Dispositif de maintien des pointes de pipette et son utilisation

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US8512650B2 (fr)
EP (3) EP1862219B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5511375B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101159885B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101484242B (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0712522B1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2024090T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2886457T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2424851C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007137818A1 (fr)

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EP1862219A1 (fr) 2007-12-05
KR20090027671A (ko) 2009-03-17
KR101159885B1 (ko) 2012-06-26
EP1862219B1 (fr) 2018-02-07
CN101484242B (zh) 2012-11-28
BRPI0712522A2 (pt) 2012-09-04
EP3885046A1 (fr) 2021-09-29
ES2886457T3 (es) 2021-12-20
BRPI0712522B1 (pt) 2018-08-07
CN101484242A (zh) 2009-07-15
EP2024090A1 (fr) 2009-02-18
JP2009538725A (ja) 2009-11-12
JP5511375B2 (ja) 2014-06-04
DK2024090T3 (da) 2021-09-20
US8512650B2 (en) 2013-08-20
US20100196210A1 (en) 2010-08-05
RU2008151740A (ru) 2010-07-10
RU2424851C2 (ru) 2011-07-27
WO2007137818A1 (fr) 2007-12-06

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