EP2022951A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Turbinengehäuses sowie Turbinengehäuse - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Turbinengehäuses sowie Turbinengehäuse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2022951A1 EP2022951A1 EP07015627A EP07015627A EP2022951A1 EP 2022951 A1 EP2022951 A1 EP 2022951A1 EP 07015627 A EP07015627 A EP 07015627A EP 07015627 A EP07015627 A EP 07015627A EP 2022951 A1 EP2022951 A1 EP 2022951A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- layer
- outer layer
- casting
- inner layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012720 thermal barrier coating Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
- F01D25/26—Double casings; Measures against temperature strain in casings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
- F05D2230/21—Manufacture essentially without removing material by casting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
- F05D2230/31—Layer deposition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/40—Heat treatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/10—Stators
- F05D2240/14—Casings or housings protecting or supporting assemblies within
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/94—Functionality given by mechanical stress related aspects such as low cycle fatigue [LCF] of high cycle fatigue [HCF]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/94—Functionality given by mechanical stress related aspects such as low cycle fatigue [LCF] of high cycle fatigue [HCF]
- F05D2260/941—Functionality given by mechanical stress related aspects such as low cycle fatigue [LCF] of high cycle fatigue [HCF] particularly aimed at mechanical or thermal stress reduction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
- F05D2300/502—Thermal properties
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a housing for a thermal turbomachine and to a method for producing an at least two-layer housing for a turbomachine.
- One of the measures would be to increase the steam inlet temperatures of the steam flowing into the thermal turbomachine, in particular a steam turbine. Efforts are currently underway to increase the steam inlet temperature to up to 700 ° C or even beyond.
- Nickel-based materials are currently believed to be suitable for high steam inlet temperatures. However, this material is many times more expensive compared to conventional materials.
- the rotor and the housing in particular the inner housing are thermally stressed.
- the housing are designed clamshell.
- the inner housing which is also referred to as inner housing, contains the section of steam expansion where the thermal stress is greatest and is characterized by a comparatively colder steam, such as. flows around the exhaust steam, which in turn receives the outer housing.
- the outer housing is arranged around the inner housing.
- the inner casings are designed as cast designs, ie they are made in one piece, so to speak, although only one flow area has to withstand the high thermal stresses. Often, a material is selected that withstands the thermal stresses and subsequently used for the entire inner housing. However, this is not cost-oriented optimal, because relatively high-temperature materials are used for areas that are less thermally stressed and where comparatively low temperatures prevail. At these points less high-temperature materials can be used, which are relatively cheaper.
- EP 1 033 478 discloses a housing which is formed of different materials and is welded together axially.
- the invention begins, whose task is to specify an inner housing, which is suitable for high thermal stresses and is also low in the production.
- the object is achieved by a housing for a thermal turbomachine, wherein the housing is formed at least two layers at least from an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein the inner layer has a higher heat-resistant material than the outer layer.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method for producing an at least two-layer housing for a thermal turbomachine.
- the housing is formed in two layers, wherein the inner layer is referred to as inner layer and is thermally heavily loaded during operation and therefore must be made of a higher heat-resistant material than the outer layer, which is referred to as the outer layer.
- inner layer is thermally heavily loaded during operation and therefore must be made of a higher heat-resistant material than the outer layer, which is referred to as the outer layer.
- the entire housing will not be formed from the highly heat-resistant material, but it is sufficient if only a part of the housing is formed with the high-temperature resistant material.
- the inner layer is formed of a nickel-based material.
- nickel-based materials are suitable for thermal stresses. Especially It is conceivable that 700 ° C steam turbines could be produced with this material in the future.
- the inner layer is made of Alloy 625. This material has been proven in tests, which could be shown that this material is inexpensive to manufacture and also withstands thermal stresses.
- a 10 wt .-% chromium steel is used for the outer layer, which is less expensive compared to the nickel-based material, but less heat-resistant.
- the outer layer may include the material GX12CrMoVNbN9-1. It has also been shown that this material is suitable for use as an outer layer, since this material is inexpensive.
- chromium steel in particular GX12CrMoVNbN9-1, can be selected, so to speak as material pair, and for the outer layer, a 1-2% by weight chromium steel, such as, for example,. G17CrMoV5-10.
- the inner layer is adhesively bonded to the outer layer.
- the process-directed solution according to the invention is widely formed in which the inner and outer castings are heat-treated during solidification.
- the inner and outer castings may be heat treated after solidification. Subsequently, the heat treatment is in one stage at the lower tempering temperature of the Both materials of the inner and outer casting and carried out for a period of 8 - 12 hours.
- the outer casting which uses the inner casting as a wall, mechanically improved to be connected to the inner casting.
- an inner housing is produced with the materials listed above, with the inner layer being extrusion-welded onto the outer layer.
- the housing can be heat treated after build-up welding.
- FIG. 1 the upper half of a housing 1 of a thermal turbomachine is shown.
- the thermal turbomachine can be, for example, a steam turbine.
- the housing 1 may be, for example, an inner casing of a steam turbine.
- steam flows between a rotor (not shown) and the inner housing in a flow direction 2.
- the steam can reach values above 600 ° C and above 300bar.
- the steam cools and loses pressure in the direction of flow 2.
- the housing 1 has at least two layers 4, 5.
- This in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment includes an inner layer 4 and disposed around the inner layer 4 outer layer 5 on.
- the inner layer 4 is formed of a higher heat-resistant material than the outer layer. 5
- the inner layer 4 is made of a nickel-based material.
- the outer layer 5 is arranged around the inner layer 4.
- the housing 1 is arranged substantially around the axis of rotation 6, wherein the outer layer 5 is arranged around the inner layer 4 with respect to these axes of rotation 6.
- the inner layer 4 may be formed from the material Alloy 625 or from a 10 wt .-% chromium steel.
- the outer layer 5 may be formed of the material GX12CrMoVNbN9-1. Thus, a pair of materials is given, which is suitable for special thermal loads.
- the inner layer 4 of a 9 - 10 wt .-% chrome steel and the outer layer 5 would form a 1 - 2 wt .-% chromium steel.
- the materials GX12CrMoVNbN9-1 and for the outer layer 5 the material G17CrMoV5-10 can be selected here as materials for the inner layer 4.
- the inner layer 4 is connected to the outer layer 5 cohesively with each other.
- an inner casting is initially cast, which is formed as an inner layer 4.
- the outer casting is cast, wherein the inner casting is used as a wall and the outer casting is formed as an outer layer 5.
- the inner and outer castings are heat treated.
- the heat treatment may also take place during solidification.
- the heat treatment is carried out in one stage at a tempering temperature corresponding to the lower tempering temperature of the materials of the inner and outer castings.
- heat treatment is carried out for a period of 8 to 12 hours at the aforementioned tempering temperature.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the housing 1 according to FIG. 1 to see.
- the inner layer 4 is in this case limited only to the front region 3 and, as described above, attached to the outer layer 5.
- a rear region 7 remote from the front region 3 it is possible to dispense with a two-layered design of the housing 1 when the thermal load is lower.
- the housing 1 can be made multi-layered, wherein the individual materials to be selected is adapted to the thermal stresses.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the cut housing FIG. 2 to see.
- the thickness of the inner layer 4 can be varied at the contact points 8 so that no cracks in the outer layer 5 are caused. Furthermore, the thickness of the inner layer 4 can be varied to counteract the thermal stress, which may vary locally.
- housing additionally form with thermal barrier coatings to reduce the thermal stress.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07015627A EP2022951A1 (de) | 2007-08-08 | 2007-08-08 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Turbinengehäuses sowie Turbinengehäuse |
| EP08786470A EP2176522A1 (de) | 2007-08-08 | 2008-07-25 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines turbinengehäuses sowie turbinengehäuse |
| CN2008801023249A CN101779004B (zh) | 2007-08-08 | 2008-07-25 | 涡轮机壳体制造方法和涡轮机壳体 |
| JP2010519422A JP2010535970A (ja) | 2007-08-08 | 2008-07-25 | タービン車室の製造方法とそのタービン車室 |
| US12/671,069 US20100209234A1 (en) | 2007-08-08 | 2008-07-25 | Method for producing a turbine housing and turbine housing |
| PCT/EP2008/059813 WO2009019152A1 (de) | 2007-08-08 | 2008-07-25 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines turbinengehäuses sowie turbinengehäuse |
| JP2012005323A JP5450674B2 (ja) | 2007-08-08 | 2012-01-13 | タービン車室の製造方法とそのタービン車室 |
| US14/083,866 US9358609B2 (en) | 2007-08-08 | 2013-11-19 | Process for producing a turbine housing and turbine housing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07015627A EP2022951A1 (de) | 2007-08-08 | 2007-08-08 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Turbinengehäuses sowie Turbinengehäuse |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2022951A1 true EP2022951A1 (de) | 2009-02-11 |
Family
ID=39102941
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07015627A Withdrawn EP2022951A1 (de) | 2007-08-08 | 2007-08-08 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Turbinengehäuses sowie Turbinengehäuse |
| EP08786470A Withdrawn EP2176522A1 (de) | 2007-08-08 | 2008-07-25 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines turbinengehäuses sowie turbinengehäuse |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08786470A Withdrawn EP2176522A1 (de) | 2007-08-08 | 2008-07-25 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines turbinengehäuses sowie turbinengehäuse |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20100209234A1 (enExample) |
| EP (2) | EP2022951A1 (enExample) |
| JP (2) | JP2010535970A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN101779004B (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2009019152A1 (enExample) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013000836A1 (de) | 2011-06-29 | 2013-01-03 | Siempelkamp Giesserei Gmbh | Gusseisen mit kugelgraphit, insbesondere für hochtemperaturanwendungen |
| US8834110B2 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2014-09-16 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Steam turbine casing system |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111173576A (zh) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-19 | 中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司 | 一种汽轮机 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1559872A1 (de) * | 2004-01-30 | 2005-08-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Strömungsmaschine |
| EP1586394A1 (de) * | 2004-04-08 | 2005-10-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gas- oder Dieselturbine mit einer beanspruchungsresistenten Komponente |
| EP1734145A1 (de) * | 2005-06-13 | 2006-12-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Schichtsystem für ein Bauteil mit Wärmedämmschicht und metallischer Erosionsschutzschicht, Verfahren zur Herstellung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Dampfturbine |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4005991A (en) * | 1971-12-29 | 1977-02-01 | Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Metal made of steel plate and aluminum material |
| US4023613A (en) * | 1971-12-29 | 1977-05-17 | Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Method of making a composite metal casting |
| US4066117A (en) * | 1975-10-28 | 1978-01-03 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Spray casting of gas atomized molten metal to produce high density ingots |
| JPS52138017A (en) * | 1976-05-14 | 1977-11-17 | Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd | Compound material of aluminium group casting base and ferrous group annexation and its production method |
| SE431723B (sv) * | 1980-06-23 | 1984-02-27 | Sandvik Ab | Svetsbar slitdetalj med hog slitstyrka |
| US5226469A (en) * | 1987-07-01 | 1993-07-13 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Composite structures and methods of manufacturing the same |
| US5143140A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1992-09-01 | Olin Corporation | Spray casting of molten metal |
| WO1997002947A1 (en) * | 1995-07-13 | 1997-01-30 | Advanced Materials Technologies, Inc. | Method for bonding thermal barrier coatings to superalloy substrates |
| US6135194A (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 2000-10-24 | Bechtel Bwxt Idaho, Llc | Spray casting of metallic preforms |
| JP4234904B2 (ja) * | 1997-11-03 | 2009-03-04 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | タービン車室とその製造方法 |
| JP2002194525A (ja) * | 2000-12-27 | 2002-07-10 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | 耐摩耗性を有するツインフロー型タービンハウジング及び該ツインフロー型タービンハウジングの耐摩耗溶射方法 |
| DE10112062A1 (de) * | 2001-03-14 | 2002-09-19 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Verfahren zum Zusammenschweißen zweier thermisch unterschiedlich belasteter Teile sowie nach einem solchen Verfahren hergestellte Turbomaschine |
| US7066235B2 (en) * | 2002-05-07 | 2006-06-27 | Nanometal, Llc | Method for manufacturing clad components |
| EP1712745A1 (de) * | 2005-04-14 | 2006-10-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Komponente einer Dampfturbinenanlage, Dampfturbinenanlage, Verwendung und Herstellungsverfahren |
-
2007
- 2007-08-08 EP EP07015627A patent/EP2022951A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-07-25 EP EP08786470A patent/EP2176522A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-07-25 CN CN2008801023249A patent/CN101779004B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-07-25 JP JP2010519422A patent/JP2010535970A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-07-25 WO PCT/EP2008/059813 patent/WO2009019152A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2008-07-25 US US12/671,069 patent/US20100209234A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2012
- 2012-01-13 JP JP2012005323A patent/JP5450674B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-11-19 US US14/083,866 patent/US9358609B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1559872A1 (de) * | 2004-01-30 | 2005-08-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Strömungsmaschine |
| EP1586394A1 (de) * | 2004-04-08 | 2005-10-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gas- oder Dieselturbine mit einer beanspruchungsresistenten Komponente |
| EP1734145A1 (de) * | 2005-06-13 | 2006-12-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Schichtsystem für ein Bauteil mit Wärmedämmschicht und metallischer Erosionsschutzschicht, Verfahren zur Herstellung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Dampfturbine |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8834110B2 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2014-09-16 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Steam turbine casing system |
| WO2013000836A1 (de) | 2011-06-29 | 2013-01-03 | Siempelkamp Giesserei Gmbh | Gusseisen mit kugelgraphit, insbesondere für hochtemperaturanwendungen |
| DE102011051446A1 (de) | 2011-06-29 | 2013-01-03 | Siempelkamp Giesserei Gmbh | Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit, insbesondere für Hochtemperaturanwendungen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101779004A (zh) | 2010-07-14 |
| WO2009019152A1 (de) | 2009-02-12 |
| US9358609B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 |
| CN101779004B (zh) | 2013-03-06 |
| JP5450674B2 (ja) | 2014-03-26 |
| JP2010535970A (ja) | 2010-11-25 |
| JP2012140961A (ja) | 2012-07-26 |
| EP2176522A1 (de) | 2010-04-21 |
| US20140076466A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
| US20100209234A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
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