EP2010133B1 - Foamable suspension gel - Google Patents

Foamable suspension gel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2010133B1
EP2010133B1 EP07825280.6A EP07825280A EP2010133B1 EP 2010133 B1 EP2010133 B1 EP 2010133B1 EP 07825280 A EP07825280 A EP 07825280A EP 2010133 B1 EP2010133 B1 EP 2010133B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
foamable suspension
gel
suspension gel
agent
aqueous
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EP07825280.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2010133A2 (en
EP2010133A4 (en
Inventor
Albert Zorko Abram
Lilian Fuchshuber
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Stiefel Research Australia Pty Ltd
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Stiefel Research Australia Pty Ltd
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Application filed by Stiefel Research Australia Pty Ltd filed Critical Stiefel Research Australia Pty Ltd
Priority to EP10159385.3A priority Critical patent/EP2206494B1/en
Priority to PL10159385T priority patent/PL2206494T3/pl
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Publication of EP2010133A4 publication Critical patent/EP2010133A4/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/12—Aerosols; Foams
    • A61K9/122—Foams; Dry foams
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/192—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid 
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/20—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids
    • A61K31/203—Retinoic acids ; Salts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/327—Peroxy compounds, e.g. hydroperoxides, peroxides, peroxyacids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/63—Compounds containing para-N-benzenesulfonyl-N-groups, e.g. sulfanilamide, p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7028—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
    • A61K31/7034—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/7052—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
    • A61K31/7056—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing five-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/38—Percompounds, e.g. peracids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/10—Anti-acne agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/10—Antimycotics

Definitions

  • the present subject matter relates to topical delivery of an active agent that is sparingly soluble to insoluble in water, particularly benzoyl peroxide, in an aqueous, foamable suspension gel.
  • composition should also have desirable cosmetic characteristics. Application should be easy and should not leave a noticeable residue on the surface of the skin. Moreover, the composition should not cause irritation, discomfort, or inconvenience.
  • Cleocin T ® manufactured by Pharmacia-Upjohn, contains clindamycin phosphate, which is inactive in vitro , but is hydrolyzed in vivo to the antibacterially active clindamycin.
  • Cleocin T ® is currently available as a gel, a lotion, and a topical solution, and is used for topical treatment of acne vulgaris.
  • Topical formulations containing a pharmaceutically active agent that is sparingly soluble to insoluble in water (e.g ., benzoyl peroxide) and a second pharmaceutically active agent (e.g ., clindamycin).
  • a pharmaceutically active agent that is sparingly soluble to insoluble in water
  • a second pharmaceutically active agent e.g ., clindamycin
  • BenzaClin ® manufactured by Dermik Laboratories
  • Duac ® manufactured by Stiefel Laboratories
  • BenzaClin ® and Duac ® are currently available as topical gels.
  • Others have described a suspension foam containing benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin, but the foam contains oil and requires a surfactant in addition to a dispersing emulsifier. See, U.S. Patent Publication 2005/0186147 .
  • WO 03/055472 A1 is directed to an aqueous gel composition comprising a retinoid and benzoyl peroxide.
  • US 5,466,446 A is directed to a highly stable gel composition comprising a combination of benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin.
  • US 6,013,637 A is directed to compositions for the topical treatment of acne, comprising a peroxide and a lincomycin antibiotic.
  • the patent describes powder, suspension, lotion, cream, gel and spray embodiments.
  • WO 2007/002831 A2 is directed to storage stable topical compositions for treating various skin disorders and conditions.
  • the compositions comprise a mixture of benzoyl peroxide, an antibiotic and a retinoid.
  • WO 2007/092312 A2 is directed to a composition for treating a skin disorder or condition, comprising a first storage-stable composition comprising benzoyl peroxide and a second composition comprising an antibiotic in solution and a retinoid in suspension.
  • US 2005/186147 A1 is directed to a foamable composition which includes water, a liquid non-volatile hydrophobic solvent, optionally a foam adjuvant agent selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and fatty alcohols, a surface active agent, and a water gelling agent, and at least 2% of solid particles.
  • the foamable compositions when placed in an aerosol container and combined with a liquefied gas propellant, create an oil in water emulsion which upon release from the aerosol container provides a therapeutically beneficial foam product.
  • US 2004/167223 A1 is directed to the treatment of bacterial disorders such as impetigo, folliculitis and erythrasma, by administering a topical composition comprising a benzoyl peroxide dispersion and clindamycin.
  • US 2004/171561 A1 is directed to the treatment of rosacea, by administering a topical composition comprising a benzoyl peroxide dispersion and clindamycin.
  • US 2004/151671 A1 is directed to foam compositions comprising an antibiotic (e.g. clindamycin) alone, or in combination with other active ingredients such as a retinoid or benzoyl peroxide.
  • an antibiotic e.g. clindamycin
  • other active ingredients such as a retinoid or benzoyl peroxide.
  • US 2004/043946 A1 is directed to a topical composition for treating a skin disorder or condition, which comprises: a storage-stable mixture of a benzoyl peroxide dispersion, clindamycin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the composition has a final pH of about 4.5 to about 5, and the composition has a viscosity lower than the viscosity of the benzoyl peroxide dispersion before mixing.
  • WO 02/45662 A2 is directed to anhydrous creams, lotions and gels.
  • the present subject matter provides a composition having a pharmaceutically active compound, which is useful for topical administration as described herein, as a foamable suspension gel that is non-runny, easy to apply, and does not leave a noticeable residue.
  • the present foamable gel composition provides good control of the application of a small amount of product to the desired area.
  • the present subject matter provides a foamable suspension gel, comprising:
  • the present subject matter provides for the use of an aqueous foamable suspension gel for the manufacturing of a medicament for use in treating a dermatological disease in a patient, preferably acne such as percutaneous treatment of acne.
  • active agent active compound
  • active compound at least one pharmaceutically active compound
  • pharmaceutically active agent refers to a substance having a pharmaceutical, pharmacological or therapeutic effect.
  • administering refers to any method which, in sound medical or cosmetic practice, delivers the composition to a subject in such a manner as to provide a net positive effect.
  • dispersing agent refers to a surface-active agent added to a suspending medium to promote uniform and maximum separation of extremely fine solid particles, often of colloidal size. See, Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 14th Edition, 2002 . A dispersing agent can also be expressed in terms of its hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) number.
  • wetting agent refers to a surface-active agent that, when added to water, causes it to penetrate more easily into, or to spread over the surface of, another material by reducing the surface tension of the water. See, Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 14th Edition, 2002 . A wetting agent can also be expressed in terms of its HLB number. As contemplated herein, a single surface-active agent could potentially have activity as any or all of a surfactant, a dispersing agent, and a wetting agent.
  • an "effective amount” or a "therapeutically effective amount” of an active agent or ingredient, or pharmaceutically active agent or ingredient, which are synonymous herein, refer to an amount of the pharmaceutically active agent sufficient enough to have a net positive effect upon administration.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutically active agent will cause a substantial relief of symptoms when administered repeatedly over time.
  • Effective amounts of the pharmaceutically active agent will vary with the particular condition or conditions being treated, the severity of the condition, the duration of the treatment, the specific components of the composition being used, and like factors.
  • foamable refers to the composition being able to form a foam. It can be worked or lathered into a foam, for example following application to wet or dry skin. It can form a foam when dispensed from a device that allows air or vapor to be entrapped within the gel during dispensing, for example, an air aspirated foaming dispenser. It can form a foam when dispensed from an aerosol container, for example, wherein a liquefied propellant mixed with the suspension gel facilitates the production of the foam.
  • homogeneous or “homogenous” refer to substantially uniform throughout, i.e., a uniform mixture.
  • pH refers to the value given by a suitable, properly standardized, potentiometric instrument (pH meter) capable of reproducing pH values to 0.02 pH units using an indicator electrode sensitive to hydrogen-ion activity, a glass electrode, and a suitable reference electrode. Where approximate pH values suffice, alternate electrodes, pH indicators and/or test papers can be used.
  • the phrase "Pharmaceutically acceptable salt" of an active compound means a salt that is pharmaceutically acceptable and that possesses the desired pharmacological activity of the parent compound.
  • Such salts include: (1) acid addition salts, formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like; or formed with organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, 3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1,2-ethane-disulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, benzene
  • solubility refers to the amount of a substance (e.g. a solid) that will dissolve in another substance (e.g., a liquid). Solubility is generally determined at temperatures between 15°C and 25°C and expressed as w/v.
  • solubility ranges of solute in liquid are as follows: very soluble 1 in less than 1 freely soluble 1 in 1 to 1 in 10 soluble 1 in 10 to 1 in 30 sparingly soluble 1 in 30 to 1 in 100 slightly soluble 1 in 100 to 1 in 1000 very slightly soluble 1 in 1000 to 1 in 10,000 practically insoluble or insoluble 1 in more than 10,000 Solubility ranges are available in published pharmacopoeias, including United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), European Pharmacopoeia (EP), British Pharmacopoeia (BP); and in Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference, Sweetman, 2004, Pharmaceutical Press ., and in Martindale, Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st Edition., 1996, Amer Pharmaceutical Assn .
  • USP United States Pharmacopoeia
  • EP European Pharmacopoeia
  • BP British Pharmacopoeia
  • Martindale The Complete Drug Reference, Sweetman, 2004, Pharmaceutical Press ., and in Martindale, Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoei
  • treating refers to the process of producing an effect on biological activity, function, health, or condition of an organism in which such activity is maintained, enhanced, diminished, or applied in a manner consistent with the general health and well-being of the organism.
  • vehicle refers to a composition which has only excipient or components required to carry an active agent, but which itself has no pharmaceutical or therapeutic effect.
  • the present subject matter provides simple and elegant foamable suspension gels that surprisingly maintain the chemical and physical stability of an active agent in a suspension that forms a homogenous foam.
  • the foamable suspension gels are aqueous and optionally, alcohol-free and/or oil-free.
  • the present suspension gels are foamable, break down with mechanical shear, but are not so-called alcoholic "quick-break" foams.
  • the gel formulation in the can or container can be a post-foaming gel, which foams once released from the can.
  • This innovative formulation provides extended shelf-life coupled with ease of application.
  • the current foamable suspension gel formulation advantageously provides for both stability and ease of application.
  • the foamable suspension gel is oil-free.
  • the phrase "oil-free” as used herein refers to compositions containing less than 1% by weight oil.
  • the foamable suspension gel is alcohol-free.
  • the phrase “alcohol-free” as used herein refers to compositions containing less than 1% by weight alcohol. Alcohol in this regard includes ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, butanol, or any other short chain aliphatic alcohol.
  • the foamable suspension gel is oil-free and alcohol-free.
  • the present foamable suspension gels can comprise or consist of an active agent sparingly soluble to insoluble in water, an aqueous phase, a thickening agent, and an aerosol propellant.
  • the foamable suspension gels include one or more of a pH-adjusting agent (e.g., an acid, a base, a buffering agent, a buffering pair), a wetting agent/dispersing agent, a surfactant, an antioxidant, an additional foaming agent, and a chelating sequestering agent.
  • the foamable suspension gels can be alcohol-free and/or oil-free.
  • the active agent in the foamable suspension gel is sparingly soluble to insoluble in water, and is dispersed or suspended in the aqueous phase.
  • Benzoyl peroxide is the sole active ingredient.
  • Suitable concentration ranges of the pharmaceutically active compound can be, for example, up to about 40% w/w, for example, in the range of about 0.5-40%, 1-20%, 2-10% w/w, or about 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, or 40% w/w.
  • the benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is present in an amount from about 1% to about 25%, from about 1% to about 8%, from about 2% to about 8%, from about 4% to about 8%, from about 4% to about 10% for example, about 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, or 25%.
  • Benzoyl Peroxide (CAS No. 94-36-0) can be commercially purchased from, for example, Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals, St. Louis, MO.
  • Active agents that are sparingly soluble to insoluble in water can require a dispersing agent or wetting agent to coat the surface of the hydrophobic particles, thereby lowering their surface tension.
  • the dispersing agent and the wetting agent can be the same agent or two or more different agents.
  • a dispersing/wetting agent can help to maintain the hydrophobic particles in the formulation matrix and aiding in the distribution of the hydrophobic active agent upon the skin.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,470,884 discusses the benefits of a dispersing/wetting agent with reference to formulations containing benzoyl peroxide.
  • the aqueous phase can comprise a dispersing/wetting agent.
  • the dispersing/wetting agent can be provided to facilitate the suspension of the active agent in the aqueous phase.
  • the dispersing/wetting agent is a surfactant.
  • benzoyl peroxide which is sparingly soluble to insoluble in water is suspended in the aqueous phase. Suspension can be facilitated by inclusion of a dispersing/wetting agent in the aqueous phase.
  • the dispersing/wetting agent allows the sparingly soluble to insoluble benzoyl peroxide to be dispersed or wetted with water.
  • the dispersing/wetting agents can have surfactant properties. Suitable dispersing/wetting agents break up the majority of the hydrophobic particles of the active agent sparingly soluble to insoluble in water into primary particle form and allow for easy redispersion of settled particles.
  • the dispersing/wetting agent is a non-ionic surfactant.
  • Exemplified dispersing/wetting agents for use in the present foamable suspension gels include sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, Brij ® -30 (Laureth-4), Brij ® -58 (Ceteth-20) and Brij ® -78 (Steareth-20), Brij ® -721 (Steareth-21), Crillet-1 (Polysorbate 20), Crillet-2 (Polysorbate 40), Crillet-3 (Polysorbate 60), Crillet 45 (Polysorbate 80), Myrj-52 (PEG-40 Stearate), Myrj-53 (PEG-50 Stearate), Pluronic ® F77 (Poloxamer 217), Pluronic ® F87 (Poloxamer 237), Pluronic ® F98 (Poloxamer 288), Pluronic ® L62 (Poloxamer 182), Pluronic ® L64 (Poluronic
  • the dispersing/wetting agent is Pluronic ® F68 (Poloxamer 188). In one embodiment, the dispersing/wetting agent is a Pluronic ® (Poloxamer). In one embodiment, the dispersing/wetting agent is Pluronic ® F68 (Poloxamer 188). Pluronic ® polymers are commercially purchasable from BASF, USA and Germany.
  • surfactants can include, for example, polyoxyethylene fatty ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty esters, fatty acids, sulfated fatty acids, phosphated fatty acids, sulfosuccinates, amphoteric surfactants, non-ionic poloxamers, non-ionic meroxapols, petroleum derivatives, aliphatic amines, polysiloxane derivatives, sorbitan fatty acid esters, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • surfactants can include, for example, polyoxyethylene fatty ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty esters, fatty acids, sulfated fatty acids, phosphated fatty acids, sulfosuccinates, amphoteric surfactants, non-ionic poloxamers, non-ionic meroxapols, petroleum derivatives, aliphatic amines, polysiloxane derivatives, sorbitan fatty acid esters, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and mixtures
  • the surfactant can be selected from the group consisting of laureth-4, PEG-2 dilaurate, stearic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, cocoamphopropionate, poloxamer 188, meroxapol 258, triethanolamine, dimethicone, polysorbate 60, sorbitan monostearate, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • surfactants commonly known as useful in the preparation of foamable compositions are further contemplated as within the scope of the present subject matter. These other surfactants include, for example, those listed in the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Second Edition, The Cosmetic Toiletry and Fragrance Association, Inc., 1133 Fifteenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005, 1977 .
  • the foamable suspension gels generally contain up to about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% (w/w) dispersing/wetting agent, for example in the range of 0.2-5%, 0.5-3%. In some embodiments, the foamable suspension gels contain about 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 4%, or 5% dispersing/wetting agent.
  • the dispersing/wetting agents possess surfactant properties, and the foaming suspension gels do not require an additional surfactant. Generally, inclusion of a surfactant is optional.
  • the thickening agent can be used as a dispersing agent in addition to a thickening agent.
  • the foaming suspension gels do not require a distinct dispersing/wetting agent or an additional surfactant. Addition of a distinct dispersing/wetting agent or an additional surfactant is optional.
  • a dispersing and/or wetting agent is not generally considered to be a foaming agent.
  • foaming can be a disfavored attribute for these types of surfactants.
  • Efficient wetting of a surface occurs when the cohesive forces between hydrophobic regions of adsorbed surfactant molecules are minimized. Cohesion between hydrophobic regions is minimized by increasing the size of the hydrophilic region(s) relative to the hydrophobic region(s) for a given wetting agent. Similarly, decreasing the size of the hydrophobic region(s) relative to the hydrophilic region(s) minimizes the cohesion between hydrophobic regions.
  • the cohesive forces between adsorbed surfactant molecules must be greater than the cohesive forces required for good wetting. Therefore a good wetting agent is typically considered a poor foaming agent and vice versa. See, page 218 of Schönfeldt, Surface Active Ethylene Oxide Adducts, 1969, Pergamon Press .
  • the foamable suspension gels contain one or more thickening or suspension agents that provide a suitable viscosity and are in an amount that is sufficient to hold the active agent which is sparingly soluble to insoluble in water in a suspension.
  • the thickening agent can be substantially chemically inert.
  • the thickening agent can be synthetic or naturally occurring.
  • the amount of thickening agent is sufficient to maintain the active agent which is sparingly soluble to insoluble in water in suspension, while maintaining a pourable gel that can be efficiently and evenly released from a container.
  • the foamable suspension gels can contain up to about 5% thickening agent, usually up to about 3% or 2% thickening agent. In some embodiments, the foamable suspension gels contain in the range of about 0.1-2%, 0.8-1.5% thickening agent, for example, about 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1, 1.3, 1.5, 2% thickening agent.
  • the amount of thickening agent included will result in a foamable gel having a viscosity of about 1,000 to about 20,000 cP.
  • the thickening agent can be substantially chemically inert to other ingredients.
  • the thickening agent can be synthetic or naturally occurring.
  • the thickening agent is a hydrocolloid, for example, selected from the group consisting of agar, alginate, arabinoxylan, carrageenan, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, cellulose, curdlan, gelatin, gellan, ⁇ -glucan, guar gum, gum arabic, locust bean gum, pectin, starch, a carbomer, acrylate copolymers, silica, xanthan gum, salts or derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the thickening agent is a natural gum, for example, selected from the group consisting of gum arabic, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, carrageenan (alginate gum), pectin, guar gum, salts or derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the thickening agent is xanthan gum or a carbomer. In some embodiments, the thickening agent is xanthan gum. In some embodiments, the thickening agent can be selected from the group consisting of a hydrocolloid, a natural gum, and mixtures thereof.
  • the thickening agent is xanthan gum.
  • the xanthan gum can be food grade or a pharmaceutical grade (USP/NF).
  • Exemplified xanthan gums suitable for use in the present foamable suspension gels include Keltrol F, Xantural 11K, Xantural 75, Xantural 180.
  • Food grade and pharmaceutical/cosmetic grade xanthan gum formulations are commercially available from, for example, CP Kelco, Atlanta, GA.
  • the present foamable suspension gels are aqueous.
  • the foamable suspension gels contain at least about 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% water. In some embodiments, the foamable suspension gels contain in the range of about 86-95%, 87-94%, 87-95%, 88-93%, or 89-92% water. In some embodiments, the foamable suspension gel comprises at least about 30% water.
  • Water content can be measured using techniques well known in the art, including for example, using a coulometer (Metrohm KF, Herisau, Switzerland).
  • the foamable suspension gels can comprise a pH-adjusting agent, for example, an acid, a base, a buffering pair, or a buffering agent.
  • the pH-adjusting agent is a buffering agent, for example, a buffering pair to stably maintain a desired pH.
  • the chosen buffering agent or buffering pair selected will depend on the active ingredients included in the gel.
  • An appropriate buffer may have a pKa value that is at or near the desired pH.
  • the desired pH is an acidic pH.
  • Exemplified buffering agents to maintain an acidic pH include, for example, citric acid/citrate, acetic acid/acetate, BICINE, HEPES, Trizma.
  • the desired pH is a neutral pH.
  • Exemplified buffering agents to maintain a neutral pH include HEPES, TRIS, phosphoric acid/phosphate, Trizma.
  • the desired pH is a basic pH.
  • Exemplified buffering agents to maintain a basic pH include TRIS, Trizma, HEPES, carbonate/bicarbonate.
  • the buffering agent can also be an amino acid, for example, glycine, histidine, arginine, lysine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamine, glutamic acid.
  • an acid or a base for example, HCl, NaOH, KOH to arrive at the proper pH value.
  • the buffering agent or buffering pair can be included at a concentration of up to about 1%, usually up to about 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, or in a range of about 0.1-1.0%, 0.3-0.8%.
  • the foamable suspension gels can contain about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 0.9%, or 1.0% (w/w) of a buffering agent or a buffering pair.
  • the pH-adjusting agent is a buffering agent or a buffering pair, for example, an amino acid, a citrate buffer, a phosphate buffer, a bicarbonate buffer, a TRIS buffer, or a HEPES buffer.
  • the foamable suspension gel has a pH between about 3-9, about 4-9, about 4-6, or about 4-5.5. In some embodiments, the foamable suspension gel has a pH of about 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 or 5.5.
  • the foamable suspension gels can comprise one or more antioxidants or free radical scavengers to maintain the desired physical and chemical properties.
  • Suitable antioxidants do not themselves initiate the decomposition of an active agent, and are soluble in the present formulations.
  • Exemplified antioxidants include oxygen, quinones, co-enzyme Q, polymerizable monomers, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, t-butyl hydroquinone, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), erythorbic acid, olive (olea eurpaea) oil, pentasodium penetetate, pentetic acid, propyl gallate, sodium ascorbate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, tocopheryl, and tocopheryl acetate.
  • An antioxidant can be included at a concentration up to about 0.5%, more usually up to about 0.1% or 0.2% (w/w), for example, about 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.4%, or 0.5%.
  • the foamable suspension gels are free of an antioxidant.
  • Chelating and sequestering agents can aid in delaying the initiation of free radical formation with divalent trace metal cations. Including a chelating agent into the formulation can be advantageous in formulations that are packaged in a metal container.
  • An exemplified chelating/sequestering agent is ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA).
  • a chelating/ sequestering agent can be included at a concentration up to about 0.5%, more usually up to about 0.1% or 0.2% (w/w), for example, about 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.4%, or 0.5%.
  • the foamable suspension gels of the present subject matter further comprise a volatile solvent, for example, an alcohol.
  • Suitable alcohols include lower alkanols (C 1 -C 6 alcohols). Alkanols can be butanol, isobutanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol and mixtures thereof. In certain embodiments, the alkanol is ethanol.
  • the volatile solvent e.g., alcohol
  • a volatile solvent or alcohol is optional, so that the formulation is non-alcoholic.
  • the present foamable suspension gels contain a propellant.
  • the propellant can be dispersed within the gel, dissolved within the gel, or layered over or under the gel.
  • Exemplified aerosol propellants of use include, for example, hydrocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, dimethyl ether, hydrofluorocarbons, compressed gases, or mixtures thereof.
  • the maximum amount of propellant used can be determined by its miscibility with other components in the composition to form a mixture, such as a homogeneous mixture.
  • the minimal level of propellant used in the composition can be determined by the desired foam characteristics, and its ability to substantially or completely evacuate the container.
  • the propellant concentration can be up to about 20%, usually up to about 5% or 10%, for example, in the range of about 2-15%, 3-10%, 4-7% w/w relative to the total amount of composition, for example, about 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, or 15% w/w.
  • the amount of propellant added to the foamable suspension gel compositions is about 2.8 g of propane/butane propellant for each about 50 g of the presently described foamable suspension gel bases.
  • the propellant is a mixture of propane and butane.
  • the present compositions can be packaged in a polyamide-imide-lined aluminum can and pressurized with a propane/butane mixture as the propellant.
  • the propellant can comprise or consist of a mixture of propane, n-butane, isobutene, and pentane.
  • the propellant can comprise or consist of about 55% propane, about 30% n-butane, and about 15% isobutane.
  • chlorofluorocarbons can also be used as propellants
  • propellants can be hydrocarbons, in particular, propane, butane, pentane, or mixtures thereof.
  • suitable propellants include dimethyl ether, nitrogen, argon, hydrofluorocarbons such as 134a and 227, and mixtures of any of the foregoing.
  • the foamable suspension gel comprises preservatives, emollients, humectants, or other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients known in the art.
  • any other dermatologically acceptable excipients commonly known to those of ordinary skill in the art as useful in topical compositions are contemplated as useful in the compositions described herein.
  • any non-toxic, inert, and effective topical carrier may be used to formulate the compositions described herein.
  • Well-known carriers used to formulate other topical therapeutic compositions for administration to humans will be useful in these compositions. Examples of these components that are well known to those of skill in the art are described in The Merck Index, Thirteenth Edition, Budavari et al., Eds., Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J.
  • Such useful pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, carriers and diluents include distilled water, physiological saline, Ringer's solution, dextrose solution, Hank's solution, and DMSO, which are among those preferred for use herein.
  • the foamable suspension gels have an appropriately balanced viscosity, that is sufficiently viscous to hold the active agent in a suspension, but not so viscous so as to be unable to be expelled from a container.
  • the suspension gels can have a viscosity that achieves a pourable gel and that allows the gel to be expelled easily and evenly from a container.
  • a gel having a viscosity sufficient to maintain the active agent in a suspension also aids in maintaining the chemical and physical stability of the active agent.
  • the foamable suspension gels have a final viscosity of 1000-20,000 cP at 25°C.
  • the foamable suspension gel has a viscosity of about 5,000 cP, 6,000 cP, 7,000 cP, 8,000 cP, 9,000 cP, 10,000 cP, 12,000 cP, 15,000 cP, 18,000 cP or 20,000 cP at 25°C.
  • the foamable suspension gel has a viscosity of about 5,000-15,000 cP, 6,000-12,000 cP, or 7,000-10,000 cP at 25°C.
  • the foamable suspension gel has a viscosity of about 5,000-15,000 at 25°C.
  • the viscosity of the foamable suspension gels can be measured with a suitable viscosity measuring device.
  • Techniques include: (i) Brookfield Synchro-lectric rotating spindle viscometer, where the spindle is introduced into the suspension gel and viscosity is measured at a range of temperatures; and (ii) Brookfield Cone & Plate Viscometer, where samples of foam are introduced between the cone and plate and the rheology of the foam is determined over a range of shear rates and temperatures.
  • the present foamable suspension gels have a viscosity permitting them to be delivered through an actuator.
  • the present foamable suspension gels have a density sufficient to maintain the active agent in a suspension.
  • the density can be more or less than that of the active agent included in the suspension gel.
  • the density at 25°C of the foamable suspension gel concentrate is at least about 0.8 g/ml, in the range of about 0.8-1.5 g/ml, for example, about 0.8 g/ml, 0.9 g/ml, 0.95 g/ml, 1 g/ml, 1.05 g/ml, 1.1 g/ml, 1.15 g/ml, 1.2 g/ml, 1.25 g/ml, 1.3 g/ml, 1.35 g/ml, 1.4 g/ml, 1.45 g/ml, or 1.5 g/ml at 25°C.
  • the foam density of the dispensed foam, after dispensing from the container is preferable about 0.6 to about 0.9 g/ml at 25°C.
  • the density of the present foamable suspension gels can be measured with a suitable density determination apparatus.
  • Techniques include: (i) pycnometer/weight per gallon cup, where the foamable suspension gel at fixed temperatures is carefully introduced into a fixed-volume vessel of known volume and mass; and (ii) Electronic density/specific gravity meter, where a slow stream of foamable suspension gel at fixed temperatures is introduced into a flow-through cell and the density is determined by the oscillating body method.
  • the pH of the foamable suspension gels will depend on the active agent included in the formulations. The final pH will promote the chemical and physical stability of the active agent.
  • pH values can be measured using techniques known in the art, for example, by using a pH meter and an appropriate probe.
  • the particle size of the active agent included in the foamable suspension gels should be sufficiently small or fine to remain suspended in the gel and not settle out, to allow for a smooth feel upon administration of the foamable gel, and to release from the container without clogging the exit channel.
  • the active agent particles should not be so small so as to become a tightly packed agglomeration that can not be redispersed upon shaking or so large that they settle out of the foamable suspension gel or impart a gritty feel to the foam.
  • the particles can be of a uniform size or of varying sizes within a range of diameters. In one embodiment, greater than about 90% of the active agent particles are of a uniform size ( i.e., monodispersed).
  • the particle size of the active agent has an average diameter of in the range of about 0.5-100 ⁇ m, usually less than about 20 or 15 ⁇ m, more often an average diameter of less about 10 ⁇ m, usually in the range of about 5 ⁇ m to about 10 ⁇ m, for example, with an average diameter of about 5 ⁇ m, 6 ⁇ m, 7 ⁇ m, 8 ⁇ m, 9 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, or 50 ⁇ m.
  • Particle size can be measured using techniques known in the art, including, for example, visual inspection using a microscope (e.g ., 100X or 200X magnification).
  • the extent and rate of settling of particles can be monitored and quantified using techniques known in the art, for example, by subjecting aliquots to a Turbiscan analysis.
  • Equipment for quantifying the turbidity or physical stability of a suspension gel can be purchased, for example, from Formulaction, l'Union (near Toulouse), France.
  • the present foamable suspension gels can be packaged in a container.
  • the container is pressurized.
  • the pressure in the container should be sufficient to allow the efficient expelling of the foamable gel.
  • the pressure in the pressurized container should not be so high such that the gel releases without control as to application or amount. Also, lower pressures provide for the post-foaming of the gel upon release from the pressurized container.
  • the foamable suspension gel is in a single container.
  • the container can be a pressurized container.
  • the foamable suspension gel may be in multiple containers.
  • the gel is a post-foaming gel, which foams after release from a container, for example, a pump or pressurized container.
  • the container is a non-pressurized container, for example, a pump, tube, bottle, jar, or any suitable dispensing package or device.
  • the foamable suspension gel comprises an aerosol propellant.
  • the container is pressurized, and additionally contains a propellant.
  • the pressure in the pressurized container is from about 5 psig to about 110 psig at 21-25°C, for example, about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 100 or 110 psig at 21-25°C.
  • the pressurized container is pressurized to about 63-80 psig, for example, about 63 psig, 64 psig, 65 psig, 66 psig, 67 psig, 68 psig, 69 psig, 70 psig, 71 psig, 72 psig, 73 psig, 74 psig, 75 psig, 76 psig, 78 psig, 79 psig, or 80 psig, as measured at 21-25°C.
  • stability refers to the chemical and physical integrity of the active agent in the foamable suspension gels.
  • the active agent may be subject to, for example, oxidation or chemical degradation.
  • Oxidation of an active agent can be monitored and quantified, for example, by using a color indicator that changes color in correlation to the presence or absence of oxidation or the extent of oxidation, for example, potassium iodide.
  • the potassium iodide is colorless in the absence of oxidation, turns yellow in the presence of oxidation, and becomes brown with increasing oxidation.
  • Color changes can be quantified using a spectrophotometer, for example, a ColorQuest Color Measurement System, commercially available from Hunter Associates Laboratory, Reston, VA.
  • HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
  • Degradation can be quantified by measuring the decrease of peak size (e.g., height of a peak or area under a peak) on the data output of peaks indicating undegraded active agent (e.g ., benzoyl peroxide), and/or the increase of peak size of peaks indicating degraded active agent (e.g ., benzoic acid).
  • peak size e.g., height of a peak or area under a peak
  • Stability can depend on time and temperature. Preferably, at least about 90%, 93%, 95%, or 97% of undegraded active agent is detected in the suspension gel formulation after at least about 3, 4, 5, 6 months at 5°C, 25°C or 30°C.
  • the foamable suspension gels can retain at least about 80%, 85%, 90% undegraded active agent for at least 6 months at 25°C.
  • the foamable suspension gels can retain at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% undegraded active agent for at least 12 months, or at least 24 months at 5°C.
  • the amount of undegraded active agent can be measured in comparison to the freshly prepared gel or in comparison to the amount of degraded active agent formed.
  • the active agent within the foamable suspension gel is chemically and physically stable for at least 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months at 5°C, 25°C or 30°C. In some embodiments, the active agent within the foamable suspension gel is chemically and physically stable for at least 12 months, or for at least 24 months, at 5°C.
  • the present subject matter also provides for methods of therapeutically and prophylactically treating a dermatological condition by topically applying the foam of the foamable suspension gels of the present subject matter to affected areas.
  • Exemplified dermatological conditions suitable for treatment by the present foamable suspension gels include rashes, eczema, contact dermatitis, acne (including acne vulgaris and acne rosacea), fungal infections, and bacterial infections.
  • the foamable suspension gels are particularly suitable for treating acne.
  • Acne is treated both therapeutically and prophylactically by applying the foam of the foamable suspension gel to the skin in areas where acne lesions are present or likely to be present.
  • the foam is generally rubbed into the skin until the foam is totally collapsed.
  • the foam can be applied one, two, three, four or more times a day, as needed, or as directed by a healthcare provider.
  • the collapsed foam may be left on the skin or washed off as desired depending upon the purpose of application. Alternatively, the foam may be applied as a facial mask and washed off after use.
  • the present preferred compositions may be used in combination with an additional pharmaceutical dosage form to enhance their effectiveness in treating a dermatological disease or disorder, particularly acne.
  • the present preferred compositions may be administered as part of a regimen additionally including any other pharmaceutical and/or pharmaceutical dosage form known in the art as effective for the treatment of a dermatological disorder. Accordingly, this additional pharmaceutical and/or pharmaceutical dosage form can be applied to a patient either directly or indirectly, and concomitantly or sequentially, with the preferred compositions described herein.
  • the present preferred composition and the additional pharmaceutical dosage form can be administered to a patient at the same time.
  • one of the present preferred compositions and the additional pharmaceutical dosage form can be administered in the morning and the other can be administered in the evening.
  • the manufacturing process for the present foamable suspension gel base involves the preparation of several phases that are subsequently combined. This is largely due to the particulate nature of the active agent that is sparingly soluble to insoluble in water.
  • a "gel concentrate” is prepared by combining water and a thickening agent. Thereafter, the active agent is mixed with a dispersing/wetting agent to form a homogenous dispersion while mixing. Mixing of the dispersion containing the active agent is continued to prevent the active agent from settling to the base of the mixing vessel and creating a solid "cake.”
  • the gel concentrate is admixed to the dispersion containing the active agent during stirring to produce a physically stable gel holding the active agent in suspension.
  • the size of particles of the active agent in the gel can be reduced through a milling process.
  • the foamable suspension gel base can then be added into the individual containers during the filling operation.
  • the valves are fitted to the cans and crimped into place.
  • a metered amount of propellant can be injected through the valve to complete the formulation.
  • Another means of filling the cans involves a single-liquid-phase fill, in which the composition is kept warm to ensure homogeneity, followed by crimping and propellant injection.
  • Yet another means involves formulating the entire composition, including the propellant, in bulk, under pressure, and then injecting the formulation into a crimped aerosol can.
  • compositions made according to this method are in an aerosol dosage form suitable for topical application. Accordingly, said production method additionally comprise the further step of charging the container with a propellant suitable to effect aerosol delivery of the composition from the container.
  • the effectiveness of the present pharmaceutical formulations depends on achieving the proper combination of formulation, container, and valve assembly.
  • the instant foamable pharmaceutical compositions are preferably packaged in a container as an aerosol.
  • the compositions may be packaged in the container using either a single-step or a multiple-step filling process commonly known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the container must be selected to provide the aerosol formulation with a long shelf life. Accordingly, the container must be chemically inert with respect to the composition contained therein so as not to interfere with the stability of the formulation or with the integrity and operation of the container. Further, the container must be capable of withstanding the pressure required by the product, must be corrosive-resistant, and must be resistant to physical or chemical changes to the product contained therein that may, for example, form particles clogging the orifice. This is particularly important as the present compositions contain a surfactant and an acid, two components known to increase the potential for corrosion.
  • Suitable containers may be made of, for example, steel, aluminum, glass, plastic, or mixtures thereof.
  • the containers may further employ one or more protective coatings such as, for example, sodium nitrate, sodium benzoate, ammonium m-nitrobenzoate, morpholine, 2-methyl butynoyl, Expoxol 9-5, sodium n-lauroylsarcosinate, phenolic, epoxy, or vinyl coatings, to enhance the formulation compatibility or safe handling. Any other known aerosol containers and protective coatings are further contemplated as useful in this regard.
  • the container may also comprise two or more compartments permitting the final composition to be broken up into separate portions that are physically separated until dispensed from the container through the valve assembly.
  • both the product concentrate and the propellant must be cooled to temperatures of -30° to -40°F.
  • the chilled product concentrate is quantitatively metered into an equally cold aerosol container, then the cold, liquefied gas is added.
  • the valve assembly is placed on the container.
  • a filling head that forms a tight seal on the container shoulder is utilized.
  • the filling head holds the valve above the container while propellant under pressure is added through the opening in the container.
  • the product concentrate is quantitatively placed in the container, the valve assembly is placed on the container, and the liquefied gas, under pressure, is metered through the valve stem into the container.
  • Pressure filling is used for most pharmaceutical aerosols.
  • valve assembly The function of the valve assembly is to permit the expulsion of the contents of the can in the desired form, at the desired rate, and, in the case of metered valves, in the proper amount or dose. Accordingly, the valve assembly must contribute to the form of the product to be emitted.
  • aerosol foam valves typically have a large-diameter delivery spout to permit the delivery of the foam. Further, the valve assembly permits the aerosol composition to be released from the container either via continuous delivery or as a metered dose.
  • valve assembly The materials used in the manufacture of the valve assembly must be inert towards the aerosol formulations that pass therethrough.
  • materials that can be used in the manufacture of the various valve parts are plastic, rubber, aluminum, stainless steel, and mixtures thereof.
  • the usual aerosol valve assembly is composed of the following parts: actuator, stem, gasket, spring, mounting cup, housing, and dip tube. Valves may also be employed that permit emission of product while the container is upright or inverted. All types of valve assemblies known to those of ordinary skill in the art, including spray valves, sliding gasket valves, deflecting gasket valves, and tilt action valves, are contemplated as capable of delivering the present inventive compositions.
  • Metering valves are designed to deliver specific quantities of a product each time the valve is actuated. Meter valves are usually employed when the formulation is a potent medication or in other instances where a precise dosing is desired. In metered valve systems, an auxiliary valve chamber regulates the amount of material discharged by virtue of its capacity or dimensions.
  • the valve assembly may further accommodate an attachment to facilitate delivery of the present inventive foamable pharmaceutical compositions.
  • Appropriate dosage levels for the herein described active ingredient are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art and are selected to maximize the treatment of the previously described microbial and/or fungal conditions. Dosage levels on the order of about 0.001 mg to about 5,000 mg per kilogram body weight of the active ingredient components are known to be useful in the treatment of the diseases, disorders, and conditions contemplated herein. Typically, this effective amount of the active agent will generally comprise from about 0.001 mg to about 100 mg per kilogram of patient body weight per day. Moreover, it will be understood that this dosage of ingredients can be administered in a single or multiple dosage units to provide the desired therapeutic effect.
  • the amount of the pharmaceutically active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated, the nature of the disease, disorder, or condition, and the nature of the active ingredients.
  • the preferred pharmaceutical compositions may be given in a single or multiple doses daily.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions are given from one to three times daily. Starting with a low dose twice daily and slowly working up to higher doses if needed is a preferred strategy.
  • the amount of the pharmaceutically active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated, the nature of the disease, disorder, or condition, and the nature of the active ingredients.
  • a specific dose level for any particular patient will vary depending upon a variety of factors, including the activity of the specific pharmaceutically active agent; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient; the time of administration; the rate of excretion; possible drug combinations; the severity of the particular condition being treated; and the form of administration.
  • One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate the variability of such factors and would be able to establish specific dose levels using no more than routine experimentation.

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EP07825280.6A 2006-03-31 2007-03-29 Foamable suspension gel Active EP2010133B1 (en)

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US8758728B2 (en) 2014-06-24
EP2010133A2 (en) 2009-01-07
US20140248220A1 (en) 2014-09-04
EP2010133A4 (en) 2010-07-14
WO2008007224A2 (en) 2008-01-17
AU2007273935A1 (en) 2008-01-17
EP2206494B1 (en) 2015-12-02
CA2647127A1 (en) 2008-01-17
AU2007273935B2 (en) 2011-08-18
TW200744667A (en) 2007-12-16
US20070237724A1 (en) 2007-10-11
AR060234A1 (es) 2008-06-04
BRPI0709674A2 (pt) 2011-12-06
MX2008012526A (es) 2008-10-14
PL2206494T3 (pl) 2016-06-30
EP2206494A1 (en) 2010-07-14
US20130280309A1 (en) 2013-10-24
US8475770B2 (en) 2013-07-02
KR101368107B1 (ko) 2014-03-14
ES2582654T3 (es) 2016-09-14
KR20090005102A (ko) 2009-01-12
ES2560540T3 (es) 2016-02-19
CA2647127C (en) 2015-10-06
US9265726B2 (en) 2016-02-23
TWI442944B (zh) 2014-07-01
WO2008007224A3 (en) 2008-04-17
PL2010133T3 (pl) 2017-08-31
US8158109B2 (en) 2012-04-17

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