EP1970128A2 - Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un revêtement - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un revêtement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1970128A2
EP1970128A2 EP08004312A EP08004312A EP1970128A2 EP 1970128 A2 EP1970128 A2 EP 1970128A2 EP 08004312 A EP08004312 A EP 08004312A EP 08004312 A EP08004312 A EP 08004312A EP 1970128 A2 EP1970128 A2 EP 1970128A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substrate
vacuum
paint
vacuum chamber
chamber
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EP08004312A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1970128A3 (fr
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Erfindernennung liegt noch nicht vor Die
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/02—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to macromolecular substances, e.g. rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • B05D1/04—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/04—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
    • B05D3/0493—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases using vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
    • B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
    • B05D3/065—After-treatment
    • B05D3/067—Curing or cross-linking the coating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for producing coatings on a substrate, such as in particular on plastic parts, regardless of their geometry or shape according to the preamble of claim 1 or 12.
  • the GB 2 280 864 A shows a method for coating the aluminum profiles, which are passed through a vacuum chamber.
  • the profile protrudes left and right out of the chamber, wherein the access to the chamber are adapted to the profile shape, so that no constant negative pressure can be applied.
  • the coating is carried out with an acrylic varnish or a paint, the method comprising continuously passing elongated through the vacuum coating chamber and through comprises a downstream UV-printing furnace, which is arranged immediately after the vacuum coating chamber.
  • the US 2004/0625092 A1 discloses a partial coating of a fastener such as a zipper under vacuum and applying a polymer material.
  • the coating method is preferably directed to the coating of a metal surface using a solvent.
  • the DE 30 10 821 C2 describes a paint coating, wherein the paint is applied under normal pressure, then subjected under vacuum to an inert gas atmosphere and the curing is carried out under an inert gas atmosphere.
  • the DE 26 25 448 A1 discloses a vacuum coating process for metallic coating of optical reflectors by exposing the reflectors to a monomeric gas and precipitating the protective layer by gas phase polymerization.
  • An in-line coating system is made of "in-line coating system for the deposition of optically high-quality coating systems made of plastic and aluminum reflectors for the lighting industry", I. Kaden, P. Vetter, Otec Jordan GmbH & Co. KG, Olbemhau; P. Botzler, A. Langer, H. Waydbrink, by Ardenne Anlagentechnik GmbH, Dresden, H.-U. Poll, Prof. Dr., FZM GmbH, Flöha, published on 8. New Dresden Vacuum Technology Colloquium, Dresden, 19/20. October 2000 known. Under vacuum, smaller containers of reflectors can be coated with aluminum in continuous operation by sputtering.
  • In-line operation is ensured by virtue of the fact that a plurality of prechambers and downstream chambers are assigned to one vacuum chamber, so that continuous operation is possible.
  • the parts to be coated are opened arranged for this purpose carriers and passed through the coating system. For a painting of parts, this device is not provided.
  • SINGULUS TECHNOLOGIES AG is well-known for its "SINGU-LUS 3DS" metallizing system for the decorative coating of plastic parts, in which three-dimensional plastic parts are provided with protective and decorative surfaces in a vacuum by sputtering.
  • SINGU-LUS 3DS metallizing system for the decorative coating of plastic parts, in which three-dimensional plastic parts are provided with protective and decorative surfaces in a vacuum by sputtering.
  • CDs In the field of production of CDs, it is known to produce and pack CDs in the specified course of forced operation.
  • the CDs are automatically removed from the injection mold, transferred to further processing stations, in which a cooling, vacuum evaporation, printing and quality assurance takes place, and filed for further packaging.
  • This is exclusively the product CD, i. a flat disc, so that this type of processing on other applications and in particular on painted parts is not transferable.
  • the present invention has the object to provide a method and apparatus for the production of coatings, which allows processing of painted, especially three-dimensional parts, even in smaller batches.
  • the substrate to be coated is provided with a lacquer, wherein the lacquer and / or the substrate is charged for this purpose.
  • the paint reaches the part to be coated, ensuring that the process, i. the coating is completed under vacuum so far that the paint remains on the substrate after removal of the vacuum.
  • the vacuum chamber which can be closed to build up the vacuum, can be equipped intermittently with individual substrates so that even the smallest batches can be painted. This is possible regardless of the shape, geometry or size of the substrate. That is, any three-dimensional parts can be painted, if necessary, only the size of the device must be adapted to the substrate.
  • parts can be removed directly from a manufacturing machine and transferred to the device for coating. As the process takes place under vacuum, soiling is already reduced.
  • the parts can be processed according to the first-in, first-out (FiFo) principle, possible contamination is significantly reduced, especially since an immediate transfer from the machine into the device can take place. This is also an important prerequisite for further processing, i. the entire process can be as required as far as possible, but does not necessarily have to take place under clean-room or pure room conditions.
  • the requirements for visible parts which are visually assessed, can be met.
  • the coating and / or substrate By charging the coating and / or substrate, a uniform coating of corners and radii is possible, so that all three-dimensional parts can be uniformly coated.
  • a uniform coating of corners and radii is possible, so that all three-dimensional parts can be uniformly coated.
  • the metering is evacuated as needed, preferably the vacuum in the dosing is less than in the vacuum chamber. If the connection between the dosing tank and the vacuum container is opened, the paint can be atomized uniformly via an atomizing device, which may be provided without pressure, such as, for example, an atomizing nozzle, as required by the inlet to the vacuum chamber, so that a uniform coating is facilitated.
  • the figures show devices in which a method for producing coatings on a substrate 10, such as any plastic part or even a part made of other materials can be performed.
  • the coating is a paint coating.
  • Varnish is a preferably liquid or even powdery coating material, which is applied thinly to objects and built up by chemical or physical processes (for example, evaporation of a solvent) to form a continuous film. As a rule, this creates a high-gloss surface. Paints can be subdivided according to the type of binder (example: nitro paints), the type of solvent (example: spirit paints) or after the drying method (example: stoving enamels). For example, paints are used to protect objects (protective paint, protective lacquers) or to achieve a pleasant color effect.
  • Paint is usually composed of binders, solvents, fillers, pigments and additives. Since most solvents for coatings are organic solvents that are partially toxic or flammable, one tends more and more to solvent-free systems, so powder coatings or suspensions of paint particles in water. Another way to work solvent-free (emission-free) is to use radiation-curing coating systems. In this technology, a monomer serves as a "solvent", which polymerized during curing in the paint film.
  • the radiation source is usually a UV high-power lamp.
  • FIG. 1 shows a closable vacuum chamber for the construction of vacuum 11, which can be evacuated via a if necessary by means of valve 30 switchable vacuum pump 16.
  • the vacuum should preferably be less than 300 mbar (30 kPa), but is preferably used with a vacuum between 5 mbar (500 Pa) and 200 mbar (20 kPa) and more preferably with a vacuum between 40 and 50 mbar (4 to 5 kPa). worked.
  • This vacuum range has been found to be suitable, because on the one hand due to the reduced relative to atmospheric pressure of the atmosphere in the vacuum chamber, the moisture content is significantly reduced, on the other hand, the slight pressure still ensures that a flashover is avoided.
  • the paint is held ready in a paint container 24 and passes through the conduit 22 into the vacuum chamber 11.
  • an atomizing device 23 such as e.g. a spray nozzle is provided which atomizes the drawn by the vacuum after opening the valve in the vacuum chamber 11 paint on entry. Care must be taken to ensure that there is no sudden pressure increase during the introduction of the paint, which results in overspray within the entire vacuum chamber 11. For this reason, the paint is introduced without pressure in the vacuum chamber in the sense of an "airless" spray process.
  • the paint container are evacuated.
  • the atomizing device 23 may also be e.g. be constructed such that an element having edges, points or radii such as a coil, a ball or even plates wetted with the varnish is subjected to a high voltage, thereby causing electrostatic sputtering.
  • the paint must have a suitable electrical resistance coefficient. This leads to a sudden atomization with simultaneous charging of the paint.
  • Such an atomizing device can then also be arranged in the vacuum chamber. By suitable arrangement of the edges and radii, the atomization can also be targeted. Experiments with coils have shown good results.
  • the liquid paint and / or the substrate 10 is charged via a charge source 17 prior to introduction or during introduction of the paint or the substrate into the vacuum chamber.
  • the substrate can also be charged in the vacuum chamber.
  • the paint container 24 or the metering 14 can be charged, which also leads to the paint particles are charged prior to introduction.
  • the charge source 17 thus serves to ionize, so for example to the positive electrostatic charging of the paint coating, alternatively or in addition, however, the substrate 10 can be negatively charged, for example, and the charges may be reversed. In principle, it is likewise possible to ground the substrate 10, if necessary, or to merely charge the substrate. It must be ensured that the varnish is deposited on the substrate by a charge difference. The measures required for this purpose are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • a curing agent 18 which is intended to cure the paint in the vacuum chamber as long as the substrate 10 is under vacuum. This is necessary to ensure that the paint adheres to the substrate even after the vacuum has been removed and is not atomized when the vacuum is removed.
  • a curing agent 18 are, for example, UV radiation sources or heat sources into consideration.
  • the vacuum chamber can be warmed up, for example, from below.
  • the curing agent 18 does not necessarily have to be disposed within the vacuum chamber 11. An arrangement outside the vacuum chamber 11 is even preferred, so that the heat radiation or UV radiation can act in the vacuum chamber 11, but the vacuum chamber still does not heat up, especially when processing plastic parts as a substrate 10, which can lead to the destruction of the substrate.
  • the vacuum chamber 11 is at least one metering container, preferably associated with a plurality of metering 14, whose or whose volume is approximately adjustable to the amount required for the coating of the substrate 10 amount of paint.
  • a piston-cylinder unit is shown schematically, but the actuating mechanism is omitted.
  • any control or regulating means can be provided. Alternative dosing mechanisms are possible.
  • different dosing containers 14 with different amounts or even different varnishes of the vacuum chamber 11 can be assigned. Due to the fact that the required amount of paint can be calculated and only the corresponding oppositely charged or grounded substrate 10 is selectively coated by the charging of the paint, it is possible to work with different paints for each new coating process, since there is no overspray or other contamination comes in the vacuum chamber.
  • the varnish only coats the substrate and, after appropriate curing by the curing agent 18, also remains on the substrate 10. This makes it possible to easily produce smallest batches for coating the substrates, even with changing varnishes.
  • the metering 14 is connected to a vacuum pump 19 - instead of the vacuum pump 16 can be used, with which the vacuum chamber 11 is evacuated - connected via a valve 20.
  • the metering container 14 can also be pre-set under vacuum, so that the entry speed of the paint into the vacuum chamber can be influenced.
  • the vacuum in the dosing tank 14 is not as high as in the vacuum chamber eleventh
  • the substrate 10 is placed on the carrier 26 in the vacuum chamber 11 closable to build up the vacuum or negative pressure.
  • the vacuum chamber is then placed under vacuum via the vacuum pump 16. Paint is transferred from the paint container 24 with the valve 25 open in the metering 14, wherein, if necessary, with the valve 20 open, the metering 14 can be evacuated via the vacuum pump 19. This takes place with the valve 21 closed. Now the valves 20 and 25 are closed and the valve 21 is opened. After opening the valve, the paint passes via the line 22 and the inlet opening 22a into the vacuum chamber 11.
  • a preferably non-pressurized atomizing device 23 can be provided for atomizing the paint, if required. If several dosing 14 are present, as in Fig.
  • the lacquer there is ionized or charged electrostatically via the charge source 17.
  • the paint can also be electrostatically atomized with another atomizer device, such as a wetted coil. After entry, the paint thus reaches the preferably likewise charged or, if necessary, only grounded substrate 10.
  • the valve 21 is closed again and now harden the curing agent 18 such as radiant heater or UV lamp, the paint on the substrate 10 from.
  • the vacuum can be reduced and the painted part of the vacuum chamber 11 are removed.
  • additional filters not shown in the drawing can be provided to filter the supply air when venting.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment that can be used for an in-line paint shop, it being noted that also an embodiment according to Fig. 1 can of course be operated in inline mode.
  • the device is first associated with a substrate-making machine 15, which may be, for example, a plastic injection molding machine, an extruder or other plastic processing machine.
  • the substrate-making machine may also be formed by other manufacturing machines, that is, other materials than plastics can be processed.
  • the substrate is at least partially, preferably entirely of plastic, and preferably also no metallization must be applied, but can be applied if desired. This is preferably the fundamental task to paint plastic without the interposition of other primers or metallization layers.
  • the substrate 10 enters the substrate manufacturing machine 15 FIG. 2 left on the support 26 and can then be passed through several chambers via known transport until the finished painted part in FIG. 2 comes right out of the institution.
  • the vacuum chamber 11 additionally comprises an inlet chamber 12 and an outlet chamber 13, so that a continuous process under vacuum is possible.
  • the inlet and outlet chambers are connected in a sluice-like manner to the vacuum chamber 11 which can be closed to build up the vacuum, so that even in the inlet chamber and also in the outlet chamber a vacuum can still be maintained. If necessary, further chambers can be provided on both sides if the process or further process steps make this necessary.
  • the curing agent 18 is associated with the output chamber 13 in this embodiment. It is only essential that it is assigned to one of the chambers and is able to cure the applied coating, as long as the substrate 10 is still under vacuum.
  • each chamber is closed by appropriate doors.
  • the first chamber is intended for the introduction of the substrate, there, if necessary, after closing and Evacuate the chamber, the electrostatic charging of the substrate 10, for example by means of electric charging electrons or by mechanical charging such as friction or contact.
  • the coating is carried out with preferably positive electrostatically charged UV varnish or other paint as a coating under vacuum, the paint head can be mounted inside or outside the chamber.
  • the curing and drying of the paint is still done under vacuum.
  • This chamber is especially designed with a UV-curing lacquer so that the UV radiation is diffusely distributed in the chamber. This can be done for example by a hammer blower. If the curing agent 18 is located outside the chamber, the radiation can radiate through a suitable quartz glass in the chamber without the heat must get into the chamber.
  • a fourth chamber is provided as output chamber for discharging the substrate from the vacuum or for any finishing work.
  • the further structure of the device is largely consistent with the embodiment of FIG. 1 , Only a plurality of metering containers 14 are provided, so that additional valves 27 or closing means are required in order to be able to individually address the metering containers as required. Furthermore, separate lines 22 are provided with valves 21 and possibly atomizing devices for each metering to avoid contamination, especially with different paints in the dosing. If only one lacquer and several dosing containers are used, a line 22 is also sufficient. If desired and, for example, not only one substrate but several substrates should be coated simultaneously, several dosing containers 14 can be switched together so that their contents after opening the valve 21 in the vacuum chamber passes. Alternatively, the content of a dosing can be adjusted to the amount of paint required for several parts.
  • the individual steps and the elements required therefor can also be spatially arranged in the same container, eg on a clocked turntable 37 in which, starting from a transfer region 36 between the substrate manufacturing machine 15 and the turntable 37, the substrates are transferred via a transfer station 38 into the vacuum chamber 11 are introduced.
  • the vacuum chamber 11 may, but need not be connected upstream of at least one input chamber 12 and at least one output chamber 13 downstream.
  • the finished coated part can are subsequently removed in a removal station 39.
  • the conditioning chamber 34 may also be provided to condition the substrates prior to introduction into the vacuum chamber, ie, for example, heat radiators and / or fans may be provided to bring the surface temperature of the substrates within a certain temperature range or to hold.
  • the temperature can be detected, for example, by contactless temperature sensors or determined indirectly by the temperature in the conditioning chamber 34.
  • the steps, if necessary, conditioning, introduction, possibly stepwise evacuation, coating, curing and removal are carried out successively in different stations of the turntable,
  • the substrates 10 arrive on the FiFo principle (first-in, first out) from the substrate-making machine 15 and remain largely under clean-room conditions.
  • the substrates can then pass through the vacuum chamber inline one at a time or in groups one after the other.
  • the coating is carried out with paint, in the output chamber 13, the curing by the curing agent 18th
  • the curing agent may be at least one IR emitter or UV emitter.
  • the spotlights are aligned with a certain distance from each other and work with a very high overheating, the time-controlled again leads to an under temperature. It has been shown that a throughput is currently possible with a few minutes per part or per batch. From below, a continuous radiation carpet of constant temperature can additionally be used.
  • a mobile phone shell can be coated as a substrate in a first chamber with a base color, which is then dried under vacuum.
  • a base color which is then dried under vacuum.
  • an inlay or a cover can be applied and then the next color can be applied, etc.
  • a batch to be processed together in the sequence associated Parts are coated together, such as the top and bottom of a cell phone shell.
  • the substrate 10 is injection molded from plastic material or similar materials under clean room conditions, wherein the clean room conditions should be present at least on the tool-closing side. This prevents dust particles from entering the surface via the tool or causing contamination after removal from the mold. Subsequently, a forced removal by robotic systems and a further transport preferably under clean room conditions, eg. to a temporary storage with the aim of cooling, tempering and conditioning of the parts.
  • This intermediate memory determines a chronological compulsory sequence and thus constancy for the process conditions of the further processing.
  • the substrate 10 still has a certain minimum temperature when entering the vacuum chamber, i. the energy is used, which has been given to the substrate from the substrate-making machine.
  • the further transport of the parts is done by robotic systems to the next station, e.g. the device for the production of the paint.
  • next station e.g. the device for the production of the paint.
  • inline surface treatments, laser treatments or inline spraying are possible. Due to the position-appropriate onward transport an exact positioning is given, which in turn is a prerequisite for an exact further processing in the 3-D range.
  • other stations may e.g. for printing with symbols or lasers of treated surfaces. The goal may be to achieve markings on the surface by dissolving the additional job.
  • palletizing or stacking may also take place under clean-room conditions. Due to the inevitability, short lead times and production times are achieved, which in turn means high and fast availability. This means that the system can also economically produce smaller batch sizes economically.
  • the transfer of the substrate to the individual stations can take place via a conveyor system, such as via a magnetic conveyor system with a corresponding number of trolleys.
  • a corresponding receptacle can be placed on the trolley for the substrate to be processed, which increases the flexibility.
  • the trolleys are centered during insertion for a precise transfer.
  • the conveyor system operates in cyclic operation, whereby the clock speed is determined by the longest working step. Preferably, it is always indexed from chamber to chamber. After the transfer of the component from the substrate-making machine, this can optionally be subjected to a corona treatment, for example. Thereafter, the infiltration into the first chamber begins Before the introduction / infiltration all doors are closed at all chambers.
  • the entrance door to the first chamber 1 is opened, the substrate is introduced and the entrance door closes again.
  • the pressure is pumped to vacuum and the substrate electrostatically charged as needed.
  • the connecting door from the first chamber to the second chamber opens and the conveyor system cycles and places the substrate in the second chamber.
  • the connecting door closes again and the substrate is painted or possibly, depending on the setting, some vacuum is pumped out again.
  • Now the connecting door opens from the second chamber to the third chamber.
  • the conveyor system cycles and brings the Substart in the third chamber.
  • the connecting door from the second chamber to the third chamber closes and the substrate is dried or, depending on the setting, another vacuum is pumped out. After drying, the connecting door opens from the third chamber to the fourth chamber.
  • the conveyor system cycles and brings the substrate into the fourth chamber.
  • the connecting door from the third chamber to the fourth chamber closes.
  • the fourth chamber is vented and flooded and brought to atmospheric pressure. Now the exit door at the fourth chamber opens and the conveyor system cycles out the substrate. The exit door at the fourth chamber closes and then it is pumped out again.
  • the clocking between the chambers happens in a vacuum. Only the first and fourth chambers are temporarily at atmospheric pressure.
  • the second and third chambers can basically remain under vacuum during operation. All chambers are provided with Druckicachtem and can independently be pumped or vented independently of each other depending on the set specifications of the pressures of the respective chamber on the valves used.
  • the pumps are preferably permanently in operation. Also preferably permanently in operation is the UV lamp. This has a shutter built-in, so that if no substrate is ready to dry no UV light enters the chamber. After removal from the chamber system, the substrate can optionally be further processed at various downstream stations for finishing work (eg mark laser processing).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
EP08004312A 2007-03-10 2008-03-08 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un revêtement Withdrawn EP1970128A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007012000A DE102007012000A1 (de) 2007-03-10 2007-03-10 Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Herstellung einer Beschichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1970128A2 true EP1970128A2 (fr) 2008-09-17
EP1970128A3 EP1970128A3 (fr) 2010-02-17

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EP08004312A Withdrawn EP1970128A3 (fr) 2007-03-10 2008-03-08 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un revêtement

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108838026A (zh) * 2018-09-19 2018-11-20 河北科技大学 一种环圈灌胶固化装置和灌胶工艺方法

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DE3010821C2 (fr) 1980-03-21 1987-10-08 Polymer-Physik Gmbh & Co Kg, 2844 Lemfoerde, De
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GB2280864A (en) 1993-08-13 1995-02-15 Komfort Systems Ltd Vacuum coating elongate aluminium sections with UV curable acrylic lacquer
US20040225092A1 (en) 1998-10-13 2004-11-11 Fagan Paul J. Phosphole and diphosphole ligands for catalysis
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2620878A1 (de) 1975-05-13 1976-11-25 Lucas Industries Ltd Verfahren zur ablagerung eines metalls und eines kunstharzmaterials auf einem substrat und verfahren zur herstellung einer lampe
DE2625448A1 (de) 1976-06-05 1977-12-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur herstellung einer schutzschicht auf der oberflaeche optischer reflektoren und nach diesem verfahren hergestellte reflektoren
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108838026A (zh) * 2018-09-19 2018-11-20 河北科技大学 一种环圈灌胶固化装置和灌胶工艺方法
CN108838026B (zh) * 2018-09-19 2023-08-15 河北科技大学 一种环圈灌胶固化装置和灌胶工艺方法

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