EP1967799B1 - Elément de refroidissement et de sorption doté d'un organe de réglage et d'une source de chaleur supplémentaire - Google Patents

Elément de refroidissement et de sorption doté d'un organe de réglage et d'une source de chaleur supplémentaire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1967799B1
EP1967799B1 EP08001474A EP08001474A EP1967799B1 EP 1967799 B1 EP1967799 B1 EP 1967799B1 EP 08001474 A EP08001474 A EP 08001474A EP 08001474 A EP08001474 A EP 08001474A EP 1967799 B1 EP1967799 B1 EP 1967799B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling element
element according
evaporator
working agent
heat source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP08001474A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1967799A2 (fr
EP1967799A3 (fr
Inventor
Peter Dr. Maier-Laxhuber
Ralf Dr. Schmidt
Reiner Dipl.-Ing. Wörz
Andreas Becky
Gerd Richter
Norbert Weinzierl
Manfred Binnen
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Zeo Tech Zeolith Technologie GmbH
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Zeo Tech Zeolith Technologie GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE200710010981 external-priority patent/DE102007010981A1/de
Application filed by Zeo Tech Zeolith Technologie GmbH filed Critical Zeo Tech Zeolith Technologie GmbH
Publication of EP1967799A2 publication Critical patent/EP1967799A2/fr
Publication of EP1967799A3 publication Critical patent/EP1967799A3/fr
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Publication of EP1967799B1 publication Critical patent/EP1967799B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
    • F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D5/00—Devices using endothermic chemical reactions, e.g. using frigorific mixtures
    • F25D5/02—Devices using endothermic chemical reactions, e.g. using frigorific mixtures portable, i.e. adapted to be carried personally
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2331/00—Details or arrangements of other cooling or freezing apparatus not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2331/80—Type of cooled receptacles
    • F25D2331/804—Boxes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sorption cooling element with a control element and with a gas-tight multi-layer film for cooling in which by evaporation of a working fluid and subsequent sorption of the working medium vapor in a sorbent under vacuum cold is generated.
  • the evaporator is flexibly designed to be adapted to various cooling tasks.
  • Sorption cooling elements are devices in which a solid adsorbent sorbs a second, boiling at lower temperatures agent, the working medium, in vapor form with heat release (sorption).
  • the working fluid evaporates in an evaporator while absorbing heat. After the adsorbent is saturated, it can be desorbed by supplying heat at a higher temperature (desorption phase). During this process, working fluid evaporates from the adsorbent. The working fluid vapor can be reliquefied and then re-vaporized.
  • Adsorption apparatus for cooling with solid sorbents are from EP 0 368 111 and the DE-OS 34 25 419 known. Sorbent container, filled with sorbents, thereby absorb working agent vapor, which is produced in an evaporator, and sorb it under heat release. The heat of sorption must be removed from the sorbent.
  • the chillers can be used to cool and keep food warm in thermally insulated boxes.
  • the WO 01/10738 A1 describes a self-cooling beverage can with an evaporator inside and a sorber outside the can.
  • the cooling is started by opening a steam channel between evaporator and sorber.
  • the cold generated in the evaporator is discharged through the surfaces of the drink to be cooled within the can.
  • the heat generated in the sorbent is stored in a heat buffer.
  • the self-cooling beverage can is heavily modified over an ordinary can and expensive to manufacture.
  • the US Pat. No. 6,474,100 B1 finally describes a self-cooling cooling element on the outside of a bag for liquids or bulk materials.
  • the sorbent is enclosed in a flexible, multi-layered film.
  • the contact with the hot sorption filling is reduced to a minimum by insulation and flow materials as well as by intervening heat storage masses.
  • the temperature compensation between the hot sorber filling and the cold evaporator, which are opposed over a large area, must be reduced by an elaborate insulation.
  • the DE 10 2005 034297 A1 describes a sorption cooling element with gas-tight film in which a sorbent is filled in a gas-tight sorbent bag, which is cut to start the cooling function by means of cutting tool. A regulation of the cooling capacity is not possible.
  • the EP 1 150 077 discloses a sorbent container assembly with a gas tight envelope that is flexible enough to be pressed onto the solid sorbent by the pressure difference between the outside and the inside.
  • the sorbent also serves as a supporting structure for the shell.
  • Object of the invention are inexpensive sorption cooling elements for single use in which the cooling is adjustable.
  • the individual components of a cooling element are sealed in a gas-tight, flexible multi-layer film under vacuum so that the effluent from the liquid working fluid can flow only through the working medium vapor passage and the control element to the sorbent.
  • the deformation forces generated by the external air pressure must be sufficient to nestle the multilayer film around the individual components in such a way that no sidestream remains open for the working medium vapor to bypass the control element.
  • the individual components must therefore not be connected to each other gas-tight. They are only to be inserted into a bag made of the multilayer film and to be fixed until the bag settles firmly under vacuum around the components and only the working medium steam channel remains open.
  • the control element can be easily opened and closed by deforming the multilayer film. Elaborate vacuum feedthroughs are therefore not necessary.
  • the control element can be formed from a valve seat and a matched sealing surface.
  • the regulating member can be opened and closed by the multi-layer film and, if necessary, also be used for power control.
  • no further spring elements are necessary if the flexible film rests on the sealing surface in such a way that the external air pressure can act suitably on the valve.
  • the working medium steam ducts it is advantageous for the working medium steam ducts to use hoses that Although withstand the external pressure, but not an additional pressure, eg generated by a squeezing tool, which acts from the outside on the multi-layer film and squeezes the tube so strong that the flow path is blocked.
  • Another very inexpensive control organ is formed when the sorbent is sealed within a separate bag. If this bag is pierced at the point of contact with the working medium vapor channel by means of a sharp-edged cutting tool, the regulating member is likewise opened.
  • the cutting tool can also be inserted between the multilayer film and the separate bag. For the triggering then the outer film must be deformable at the point in question without even be leaking.
  • the control element may be extended by a thermostatic valve in addition to the actual closure element.
  • the temperature of the evaporator can be maintained at a control temperature.
  • the thermostatic valve releases the path of the working medium vapor to the sorbent, at too low temperatures, the thermostatic valve closes the way.
  • all known elements that pull a change in temperature with a change in temperature are suitable.
  • the most well-known here are stretchers and bi-metals.
  • Memory alloys can also be used to advantage. Bi-metal spirals can be used particularly cost-effectively for the control element. This temperature variations of less than 0.1 Kelvin can be achieved.
  • the cooling elements can be used particularly advantageous for temperature-controlled cooling of transport isolation containers.
  • Isolated transport containers serve e.g. for shipping temperature-sensitive food or pharmaceutical goods between +2 and +8 ° C.
  • insulated transport containers are storable over an arbitrarily long period of time.
  • the thermostatic valve then regulates the interior in a narrow temperature window, regardless of the prevailing outside temperature over several days. Since the insulating container can be made of inexpensive material (for example, polystyrene) can be dispensed with an often expensive return transport.
  • all inner walls of an insulating container can be covered with evaporator surfaces.
  • the interior temperature is then very homogeneous even with strongly fluctuating outside temperatures.
  • the evaporator is constructed flexibly according to the invention, at least one evaporator region can be made foldable. This area can be opened up if necessary and grant full access to the internal volume.
  • spacers are provided, which allow the working medium vapor flow freely from the liquid working fluid and at the same time contact the cold surfaces with good thermal conductivity of the film.
  • flexible plastic spacers are used, which are adapted to the respective cooling task.
  • the prerequisite is that the plastic spacers do not outgas during storage and worsen the vacuum.
  • polycarbonate, polyamide or polypropylene are used as the plastic, since these materials can be heated to higher temperatures and degassed before or during the production process.
  • Spacers made of plastic can be produced inexpensively by known manufacturing processes such as deep drawing, extrusion or thermal blasting.
  • the cargo is cooled by means of ice packs, which must be located within the container. Since these ice packs occupy a multiple of the volume of an evaporator according to the invention, on the one hand the internal volume is significantly reduced, or on the other hand, a larger insulating container necessary. Larger containers in turn have more outer surfaces over which more heat flows into the interior, which in turn must be buffered by larger ice packs.
  • each article can be equipped with cooling elements according to the invention. It is advantageous, for example, the cooling of tents, in which even entire tent walls can be replaced by cooling elements according to the invention.
  • the cooling of patients or injured in a hot environment or to reduce body temperature is just as possible as a use as a cooling vest, cooling suit or respirator. In principle, the place of use will be found everywhere where today cooling batteries or ice rechargeable batteries are used.
  • the cooling elements according to the invention can be stored for any length of time relative to the cooling and ice accumulators and can be adapted to the task to be cooled, since the evaporator is designed to be flexible.
  • Sorbents can reach temperatures of over 100 ° C during the sorption process. For such high temperatures, the multilayer films commonly used in the packaging sector are not always suitable. In particular, the polyethylene layers used for the sealing soften even at 80 ° C and leave the sheath to leak under vacuum. A sealant layer made of polypropylene, however, can withstand significantly higher temperatures. Its melting point is above 150 ° C.
  • multi-layer films having a polyamide layer thickness of 12 to 50 microns, an aluminum layer thickness of 6 to 12 microns and a polypropylene layer thickness of 50 to 100 microns are used. Use find such films z. As for the packaging of foods that are sterilized after packaging for preserving at temperatures above 120 ° C.
  • Inventive multilayer films are z. B. on the company Wipf AG in Volketswil, Switzerland or the company PAWAGmaschineen G.m.b.H., Wolfurt, Austria.
  • cooling elements with a leakage rate of less than 1x10 high -8 mbarl / sec are possible. The shelf life thus reaches several years, without the cooling readiness is impaired.
  • the sorbent used is advantageously zeolite. In its regular crystal structure, this can reversibly absorb up to 36% by mass of water. In the application according to the invention, the technically feasible water absorption is about 20 to 25%. Zeolites still have a considerable water vapor sorption capacity even at relatively high temperatures (above 100 ° C.) and are therefore particularly suitable for the use according to the invention.
  • Zeolite is a crystalline mineral that contains silicon and aluminum oxides in a framework structure.
  • the very regular framework structure contains cavities, in which water molecules can be sorbed with heat release. Within the framework structure, the water molecules are exposed to strong field forces whose strength depends on the amount of water already contained in the framework structure and the temperature of the zeolite. Naturally occurring natural zeolite types absorb significantly less water.
  • Natural zeolites have another advantage.
  • the non-active admixtures are typically 10 to 30%. Although they are not actively involved in the production of refrigeration, they are still heated by the neighboring zeolite crystals. They thus act as an additionally installed, inexpensive heat buffer. The result is that the zeolite filling is less hot and thus sorb additional water vapor at lower temperatures can.
  • Natural zeolite granules consist of broken or crushed fragments and therefore have sharp and pointed geometric shapes that can pierce or cut through the multi-layer films under vacuum and elevated temperatures.
  • Natural zeolites can after their use in cooling elements z. B. be used as soil conditioner, as a liquid binder or to improve the quality of water in stagnant water.
  • the types A, X and Y each in their inexpensive Na form are recommended.
  • the amount of sorbent is to be dimensioned and arranged so that only a minimal pressure drop within the sorbent must be overcome for the incoming water vapor.
  • the pressure drop should be less than 5 mbar, in particular for water as working fluid.
  • the sorbent must provide the inflowing agent vapor sufficient surface for attachment.
  • particularly sorbent granules have been proven. Granule diameters between 2 and 10 mm show the best results.
  • the sorbent is introduced into a plurality of regions connected only via steam flow channels.
  • the individual solid areas can then, if the steam channel is still flexible, move against each other, fold and stack to z. For example, cramped spaces to satisfy and still allow a good air flow around.
  • zeolite powder preformed, dimensionally stable zeolite blocks in which already the flow channels can be incorporated and whose shape is adapted to the desired cooling element geometry.
  • the stable zeolite blocks may have cavities in the region of the working medium vapor channel in order not to obstruct the flow.
  • the sorption heat releases heat of sorption that heats the sorbent.
  • the absorption capacity for water decreases sharply at higher sorbent temperatures. In order to maintain a high cooling capacity over a longer period, it makes sense to cool the sorbent.
  • In direct contact of the sorbent with the multi-layer film resulting heat of sorption can be dissipated unhindered through the film to the outside. As a rule, the heat will be dissipated to the surrounding air. It is also very efficient to cool the sorption container with water.
  • the heat transfer to an air flow from the outside of the sorbent bag is of the same order of magnitude as the heat transfer of a sorbent granulate to the inside of the bag, in principle large film surfaces without ribbing, such as cylinder, plate or tube geometries, are recommended.
  • the sorption containers are to be designed so that the average heat conduction within the sorbent does not exceed 5 cm.
  • a cooling element is stored for an indefinite period at any ambient temperatures.
  • the control element is opened. From this point on, working agent vapor can flow to the sorbent and be deposited by it.
  • the sorbent becomes hot because it liquefies and adsorbs the vapor within its crystal structure.
  • the evaporator cools down and can be used as a source of cold.
  • rapid cooling tasks eg cooling of a liquid
  • the working fluid vapor capacity will therefore be limited because of the hot sorbent temperatures unless admixtures act as heat buffers.
  • the sorbent will be able to give off heat through the multi-layer film and, depending on the application, this heat can also be transferred to a product to be kept warm at a higher temperature level.
  • the thermostat will first close and interrupt the active cooling of the cooling element. As soon as the temperature in the evaporator drops below 0 ° C, when pure water is used, it solidifies and releases the solidification heat at 0 ° C into the interior. If the water filling is sufficiently dimensioned, then the interior temperature will not fall below the freezing point.
  • an aqueous eutectic mixture may be used whose transformation point is set slightly below the control temperature of the thermostat (eg transformation point 3 to 4 ° C and a thermostat control temperature of 5 ° C).
  • a cooling element according to the invention can not only cool at a constant temperature but provide heat of transformation when it falls below this temperature and keep the transported goods at least at the transformation temperature.
  • a separate heat source can also be arranged between the evaporator and the container insulation.
  • this heat source does not need its own regulation, since its excess heat is dissipated by the evaporator through its thermostatic control before the higher temperatures reach the cargo.
  • the output of this heat source should be such that their heat dissipation is sufficient to keep the insulated container at the lowest expected ambient temperatures at least to the required indoor temperature.
  • the heat source also does not have to be arranged homogeneously within the insulated container.
  • the evaporator acts as a steam heater, which distributes the amount of heat absorbed by the heat source over the entire evaporator surface and controls. Water in the thermal contact with the heat source evaporates, condenses within the evaporator structure on cooler surfaces and heats them to the level of the evaporating site. The temperature of the entire evaporator thus remains homogeneous. As soon as the temperature at the thermostat exceeds its control temperature, the control element opens and allows working medium vapor to flow into the sorbent until the control temperature has been reached again.
  • this is excellent electrical heating elements that are powered by entrained batteries or rechargeable batteries.
  • the heating element can also be controlled via an additional, electrical thermostat.
  • the power of these heat sources can be regulated via the air supply (oxygen supply).
  • the air supply can be completely suppressed but be further increased below a limit temperature.
  • both the cooling capacity of the cooling element and the heat capacity of the heat source can be reduced. Without regulation, a once activated heat source would still heat even if the ambient temperature is already well above the desired interior temperature. In these cases, the cooling element would have to dissipate both the heat incident from the outside and the heat of reaction released by the heat source. Since the ambient temperatures can fall or rise several times above and below the required interior temperature during a transport lasting several days, regulation of the heat source makes sense.
  • the air supply to the oxidation process of the heat source can be regulated by means of its own air thermostat which, depending on the ambient temperature, more or less releases the air supply to the heat source.
  • the heat source is advantageously located within the insulating container, distributed on one or more surfaces between the inner Isolierboxwand and evaporator.
  • the air thermostat may include a bimetallic element that closes the outer end of an air duct above a threshold temperature.
  • the airtight bag may be provided with another opening over which is consumed Air can flow into the interior of the insulated container.
  • the air can get over the natural pores of the insulating material to the outside or it will be appropriate outlet openings created that allow the exchange of air and are selectively opened when starting the heating element.
  • the targeted opening of the openings can also be prevented that the heat source is automatically activated during storage time unintentionally at low storage temperatures.
  • the inlet opening and the outlet opening are at different heights.
  • a natural air movement is used and with open air thermostat, supported by thermal buoyancy of the heated air at the heat source, always new oxygen to the stored iron powder to transport.
  • the supply of fresh air through the air thermostat will begin when the ambient temperature falls below the average of the set control temperature. The lower the outside temperature drops, the further the air thermostat should open to increase the power of the heating source.
  • the heat source is therefore preferably arranged between Isolier matterserwand and evaporator surface.
  • the working fluid in the evaporator can be present in unbound form. Usually it is distributed in an absorbent fleece and fixed by hygroscopic forces. Particularly low-priced materials are absorbent papers, as they are used in a great variety for household and industry for the absorption of liquids.
  • the water-storing nonwovens, as well as the spacers made of plastic or natural zeolite, must not outgas under vacuum and higher temperatures.
  • Commercially available microfibers made of polypropylene are particularly suitable for this purpose. These fibers are prepared for water absorption and do not emit the vacuum disturbing gases.
  • the evaporator in the region of the heat source is assigned a slightly larger amount of fleece, so there is also more liquid working fluid for steam heating available.
  • the fleece geometry can be designed in this way; that a decreasing amount of working medium is refilled via the suction effect of the nonwoven material.
  • Another solution opens the fixation of the working fluid in organic binders such. B. Water Lock from Grain Processing Corp. USA. Also advantageous may be the combination of several measures mentioned above.
  • the steam channel can be formed and stabilized by several layers of a plastic net. There remains enough cross section for the flow between the network structure.
  • polypropylene nets higher temperatures can be allowed without gas release.
  • the flexible structure of the nets also optimally adapts to the respective geometries.
  • the evaporator can take on any shape and be made of different materials.
  • the sealing of the multi-layer films usually takes place thermally by pressing hot sealing bars onto the outer film surfaces until the superimposed sealing layers become liquid and fuse together.
  • the welding process can take place within a vacuum chamber under vacuum. In this case, in the vacuum chamber at the same time from the water mass and all other components sucked out all the later adsorption process obstructing gases.
  • a polypropylene spacer advantageously in analogy to the structural material that spans the flow channel in the interior of the cooling element, is inserted between the foil surfaces. Once the evacuation is complete, the foil surfaces, including the spacer, are heated by sealing bars until the sealing layer and the identical material of the spacer merge into one another and enter into a gastight connection upon cooling.
  • FIG. 1 shows cooling element still has its flat shape, as dictated by the manufacturing process.
  • Two suitably cut multi-layer films 7 are stacked with their opposite sealing layers and equipped with the individual components of the cooling element.
  • the upper multilayer film 7 is shown transparent to show the position of the components.
  • the two multilayer films 7 consist of four individual layers bonded together.
  • the films are hermetically sealed (welded) at the peripheral edges 23 via the innermost polypropylene layer.
  • a gas-tight aluminum layer is enveloped in each case by two polyamide layers, which in turn protect the aluminum layer against destruction and allow a graphic printing of the multi-layer film.
  • the evaporator 2 contains two superimposed integral spacers 11 on which six fleece plates 10 are placed.
  • the fleece 10 consists of several layers of a hydrophilic microfiber mat of polypropylene. It is soaked with the working fluid water. The maximum water absorption is limited because of the externally applied pressure on the capillary structure of the microfiber. The filled amount of water is slightly larger than can be absorbed by the amount of sorbent. At low ambient temperatures, the surplus water mass can freeze and keep the interior of the insulation box at 0 ° C during icing.
  • the six nonwoven sheets 10 are spaced at predetermined crease lines 24. Under a nonwoven a thermostatic valve 8 is inserted, from which a working medium vapor channel 4 leads to a control element 3 and from there into the sorbent 1.
  • the working medium steam channel 4 is clamped by a flexible tubing 24 made of plastic, which withstands the external overpressure and is not crushed even when kinking. Under vacuum, the multi-layer film 7 nestles around the internals, that the way to the sorbent 1 for the water vapor only by the thermostatic valve 8, the tubing 24 and the control element 3 is possible.
  • the cut multi-layer films 7 are pre-sealed segment-wise, equipped with the individual components and then welded to a small suction opening 40 in the region of a sealed seam 23.
  • a vacuum pump is docked, the air from the cooling element and possibly released Suction gases.
  • the suction opening 40 through which, in order to keep open the suction channel, a part of a spacer 11 protrudes, heated by means of suitable welding bar so far that the material of the spacer 11 merges with the sealing layer.
  • Fig. 1a shows against the disposable cooler Fig. 1 following variations:
  • the flexible hose 24 now leads from another point from the evaporator section 2 in the sorbent 1.
  • the sorbent 1 in this case zeolite, has been filled within a separate bag 47 and additionally enclosed by the multilayer films 7.
  • the control element 3 has sharp edges which pierce the envelope of the bag 47 by a strong, external impact on the covering multilayer film 7.
  • the flexible tubing 24 between the evaporator 2 and control element 3 is in this embodiment of a plastic corrugated hose, which holds thanks to its structure even with thin material thickness the external air pressure and still allows an extremely flexible working medium vapor connection.
  • the six nonwoven sheets 10 are contacted at the crease lines 24 by further nonwoven material 57 in order to redistribute the liquid working medium evenly by the suction effect of the material if it should evaporate through a partially acting heat source at the contact points and recondensate in other places.
  • the production of the disposable cooler after Fig. 1a differs from the production method of the disposable cooler Fig. 1 ,
  • the preparation of the bag 47 can be done separately. It does not have to be evacuated and sealed simultaneously with the sealing of the cooling element. Rather, it can be filled, evacuated and sealed in a separate manufacturing step with hot zeolite.
  • the cooling element of the cooled bag 47 is inserted together with the other components between the multi-layer films 7 and aligned with the control member 3 and the flexible hose 34.
  • the evacuation takes place in this example within a vacuum chamber in which all components are removed, including the working fluid water of adhering or contained, gassing residues. Even within the vacuum chamber, the cooling element is welded to the still open sealing seams and removed as a finished unit from the re-flooded vacuum chamber.
  • Fig. 2 shows the evaporator 2 according to Fig. 1 cut along the line AA and in perspective view.
  • the evaporator 2 has been folded into its cubic shape.
  • the spacer 11 and the water-impregnated nonwovens 10 are visible.
  • Everything together is wrapped by the multilayer film 7.
  • the thermostatic valve 8 is inserted between web 10 and spacer 11.
  • about the spacer 11 are all areas of the nonwovens 10 with the thermostatic valve 8 in conjunction.
  • Fig. 3 shows the cooling element according to Fig. 1 in the folded state before insertion into an insulated transport box 12 which can be covered with a cover 25.
  • the transport box 12 has at one edge a free space 26, in which the Häffendarripfkanal 4 can be used.
  • the control element 3 and the sorbent 1 thus come to lie in the outer region of the transport box 12 on a side wall.
  • the six surfaces of the evaporator 2 that are folded into a cuboid occupy the six inner surfaces of the transport box 12.
  • the resulting interior space serves to receive a transport item.
  • the upper evaporator plate 5 is hinged. About them the interior is accessible in full cross section.
  • On two inner walls of the transport box 12 are recesses 27, each of which can receive a heat source 18.
  • the heat sources 18 contain a mixture of iron powder, water, salt, cellulose and activated carbon in an air-permeable casing. When exposed to air, the iron powder oxidizes exothermically. The atmospheric oxygen passes through the porous styrofoam insulation of the transport box 12 to the iron powder and / or additional, thin air channels 28 in the recesses 27.
  • the heat sources 18 provide heating of the interior in the event that the transport box 12 in a respect to the control temperature of the thermostat 8 is too cold environment. The heat development of the heat sources 18 itself remains unregulated. If the heat sources 18 supply more heat than is needed for the interior, the thermostatic valve 8 opens and allows so much steam to flow into the sorbent 1 until the evaporator temperature is within the control range again.
  • the evaporator 2 contains only water and water vapor, the temperature throughout the evaporator 2 remains homogeneous. Of evaporator lots in the, z. B. of the heat sources 18, more heat is incident, water evaporates under heat absorption and in areas from which heat flows to the environment, steam will flow and condense exothermic. Due to the capillary suction effect of the nonwoven material, the water concentration can equalize again.
  • FIG. 5 shows a heat source 48 in a marginally sealed, gas tight foil wrap 49 containing an entrance port 50 and an exit port 51.
  • the heat source 48 contains two paper bag-filled reactive iron powder blends 58 that undergo an exothermic reaction when exposed to oxygen.
  • the flow paths are spanned by a flexible grid 52.
  • the inlet opening 50 is connected in a gas-tight manner to a hose line 53, which can be closed at its outer end by an air thermostat 54.
  • the outlet opening 51 is closed with an adhesive tape 51. It is only deducted to start the heat source 48.
  • the air thermostat 54 may also be closed until its use with an additional sheath (not shown).
  • the heat source is dimensioned so that it can be bent in the middle and thus cover two inner surfaces of an insulated box.
  • Fig. 3b shows the heat source 48 from Fig. 3a inserted in an insulated box 60 in a sectional view.
  • the air thermostat 54 is disposed at a lower corner outside the box 60. It contains a bi-metal spiral, which opens the inlet opening 50 below a temperature of 5 ° C.
  • the tubing 53 forms the gas-tight connection from the external air thermostat 54 through the insulation of the box 60 to the inlet opening 50.
  • the heat source 48 is centrally kinked and covers the bottom and a side wall of the box 60.
  • the flexible grid 52 and the two iron powder mixtures 58 are surrounded by the gas-tight film envelope 49.
  • At the upper end of the heat source 48 is the outlet opening 51. It is still closed with the adhesive tape 55.
  • the adhesive tape 55 To start the heat source 48, the adhesive tape 55 must be removed.
  • the air inlet starts the exothermic reaction and heats the air in the grid, which then rises heated, flows through the outlet opening 51 into the box and flows from there via a small ventilation duct 59 in the lid 61 of the box 60 to the outside and at the same time opened air thermostat 54 new oxygen-rich air via the hose 53 can flow.
  • cooling element On the presentation of a box 60 lining and applied to the heat source 48 cooling element has been omitted.
  • Fig. 4 shows a thermostatic valve 8 in cross section.
  • a rolled into a spiral bi-metal strip 9 is fixedly connected at its inner end 41 with a housing 29 open on one side, while the free end 42 includes a sealing disc 30 which closes the opening 31 of the working medium vapor channel 4 at the control temperature.
  • the opening 31 is formed by a gas-tightly integrated into the housing 29 pipe section 38, on the other end of a plastic hose 14 is pushed.
  • Around the tube 14 in turn nestles the multi-layer film 7, which is sealed gas-tight at the edges 23.
  • the multi-layer film 7 and the tube 14 can be pressed so far in the further course by engaging from outside squeezing (not shown) that the working medium vapor channel 4 can be blocked from the outside.
  • the control element according to the invention is formed in this embodiment by the thermostatic valve 8 and the squeezing. Under the housing 29 of the thermostatic valve 8 is a layer of a plastic network 43. Since the threads 39 of the network 43 overlap at the intersections, remain Häschdampflkanäle also within the network level. Good results are obtained with nets that have a thread thickness of about 2 mm with a thread spacing of about 3 mm. Although the microfiber of the nonwoven fabric is pressed onto the plastic net 43 from one side of the mesh and the flexible multilayer film from the other side, sufficient cross section remains for the working medium vapor. If the cross-section of individual areas is too short, z. B. in the inflow to the thermostatic valve 8, several layers of the plastic mesh 43 can be stacked. The flexibility of the evaporator 2 according to the invention thus remains intact.
  • Fig. 5 shows a control element 3 in a sectional view, which is kept closed by the fact that the external air pressure deforms the multilayer film 7 so far that a disk-shaped sealing surface 16 is pressed onto a sealing seat 17.
  • the sealing seat 17 is again formed by a piece of pipe 32 on the second end of a flexible plastic corrugated hose 13 is attached.
  • the continuation 44 begins in a plastic housing 33 in which the sealing surface 16 can be lifted or unfolded from the sealing seat 17 without hindrance by the multi-layer film 7.
  • the lever force required for folding is applied via a lever rod 34 connected to the sealing surface 16.
  • the lever rod 34 is embedded in a suitably cut side pocket 45 of the multilayer film 7. These side pocket 45 is sealed vacuum-tight at the edges 23. Under vacuum, the sealing surface 16 is pressed by means of the multi-layer film 7 and lever rod 34 to the sealing seat 17. A slight tilting movement on the lever rod 34 from the plane of the drawing deforms the multilayer film 7 so far that the path for the working medium vapor can be released completely or in metered form. With an optimal structure of the control element 3, the sealing surface 16 closes automatically as soon as the tilting force on the lever rod 34 falls away.
  • Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of a cut and perspective illustrated evaporator 2, which absorbs heat from an air stream to be cooled.
  • the flow channel 37 for the air flow is formed by the evaporator 2 itself and clamped.
  • the originally flat produced evaporator 2 was folded around a centrally applied Häschdampflcanal, which is formed in this embodiment of a perforated corrugated tube 13, after evacuation by 180 °.
  • the originally opposite seal seams 35 and 36 are now directly opposite.
  • the inner Film ends are cut shorter than the outer, the outer ends 22 of the multilayer film 7 can be re-welded and thus hermetically closed.
  • Form flow channel 37 for the air flow At the rear end 46 of the flow channel 37 of the flat air flow is converted into a round flow geometry.
  • the working medium vapor channel is formed by two layers of a net-shaped spacer 11. The webs 10 are in thermal contact with the flow channel 37.
  • Fig. 7 finally shows a sketch of the filled with sorbent area of a cooling element.
  • the multi-layer film 7 is divided into three pockets 19, which communicate with each other only through the working medium vapor channel 4.
  • the working medium steam channel 4 can be formed by a perforated corrugated hose (not shown), which is extremely pressure-stable and at the same time flexible due to its corrugation.
  • the three sorbent bags 19 contain a Zeolith thoroughlyung which is pressure-stable under vacuum but inflexible.
  • the overflow areas 39 where no zeolite is filled, the structure remains flexible thanks to the flexible corrugated hose.
  • the entire cooling element can be folded in order to optimally adapt to the task required in each case.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Claims (24)

  1. Elément de refroidissement, qui est enveloppé hermétiquement d'une feuille (7) étanche au gaz à plusieurs couches, qui est souple et enferme un évaporateur (2) souple, un organe (3) de réglage, et en dépression un agent (1) de sorption qui, sous-vide, peut sorber un fluide de travail sous forme de vapeur, qui est évaporé d'un agent de travail liquide dans l'évaporateur (2), et un canal (4) pour de la vapeur du fluide de travail,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'évaporateur (2) et le canal (4) pour de la vapeur du fluide de travail restent souples et la vapeur du fluide de travail ne peut s'écouler vers l'agent de sorption qu'en passant par l'organe (3) de réglage et en ce que l'évaporateur (2) souple recouvre plusieurs parois intérieures d'un récipient (12) isolé thermiquement.
  2. Elément de refroidissement suivant la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'organe (3) de réglage comporte une soupape (6), qui peut être actionnée par déformation de la feuille (7) à plusieurs couches.
  3. Elément de refroidissement suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'organe (3) de réglage comporte une soupape (8) thermostatique.
  4. Elément de refroidissement suivant la revendication 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la soupape (8) thermostatique est montée dans la zone de l'évaporateur (2).
  5. Elément de refroidissement suivant la revendication 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la soupape (8) thermostatique comporte un corps de réglage en bi-lame (9) et est en contact avec le fluide de travail liquide.
  6. Elément de refroidissement suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'agent (1) de sorption contient un zéolithe et le fluide de travail de l'eau.
  7. Elément de refroidissement suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'évaporateur (2) contient un non-tissé (10), dont le fluide de travail peut s'évaporer, et un intercalaire (11), qui forme des canaux (4) pour la vapeur du fluide de travail entre le non-tissé (10) et la feuille (7) à couches multiples.
  8. Elément de refroidissement suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'évaporateur (2) souple recouvre toutes les parois du récipient (12) isolé thermiquement.
  9. Elément de refroidissement suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    au moins une surface de l'évaporateur (2) est pliable.
  10. Elément de refroidissement suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le fluide de travail liquide contient des substances qui déplacent le point de solidification jusqu'à +2 à +4°C.
  11. Elément de refroidissement suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que'
    le canal (4) pour la vapeur du fluide de travail comporte un tube (13) souple ondulé.
  12. Elément de refroidissement suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le canal (4) pour la vapeur du fluide de travail comporte un tronçon (14) en conduit souple, qui peut être pincé par des éléments extérieurs de pincement, pour supprimer l'écoulement de la vapeur du fluide de travail.
  13. Elément de refroidissement suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'organe (3) de réglage comporte une surface (16) d'étanchéité, qui est pressée sur un siège (17) d'étanchéité par la feuille (7) à couches multiples.
  14. Elément de refroidissement suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le récipient (12, 60) isolé thermiquement dispose d'une source (18, 48) de chaleur, qui en chauffe l'intérieur à des températures ambiantes assez basses.
  15. Elément de refroidissement suivant la revendication 14,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la source (18, 48) de chaleur comporte de la poudre de fer, qui, à l'entrée d'oxygène de l'air, subit une réaction exothermique.
  16. Elément de refroidissement suivant la revendication 14,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la source (48) de chaleur est entourée d'une gaine (49) en feuille étanche au gaz et l'accès de l'oxygène de l'air est réglé par un thermostat (54) à air, qui dégage plus ou moins l'accès de l'air à la source (48) de chaleur en fonction de la température de l'air ambiant.
  17. Elément de refroidissement suivant la revendication 16,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le thermostat (54) à air est ouvert à des températures ambiantes en dessous de la température exigée de l'espace utilisable et laisse arriver de l'air frais à la poudre de fer et ne laisse pas passer de l'air frais à des températures ambiantes au-dessus de la température de l'espace utilisable.
  18. Elément de refroidissement suivant la revendication 16,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la gaine (49) en feuille étanche au gaz a, outre une ouverture (50) d'entrée, également une ouverture (51) de sortie pour de l'air pauvre en oxygène.
  19. Elément de refroidissement suivant la revendication 18,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'ouverture (51) de sortie est fermée pendant le temps d'emmagasinage et est ouverte au démarrage de la source (48) de chaleur.
  20. Elément de refroidissement suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le récipient (60) isolé thermiquement comporte un canal (59) d'aération pour la sortie d'air pauvre en oxygène.
  21. Elément de refroidissement, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'agent (1) de sorption est disposé en plusieurs parties (19) au sein de la feuille (7) à couches multiples et les parties (19) restent mobiles les unes par rapport aux autres et peuvent être atteintes par la vapeur du fluide de travail par l'intermédiaire de canaux (4) souples pour la vapeur du fluide de travail.
  22. Elément de refroidissement suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la canal (4) pour la vapeur du fluide de travail est formé de réseaux (20) souples en matière plastique, qui maintiennent ouverte une section transversale suffisante pour l'écoulement de la vapeur du fluide de travail.
  23. Elément de refroidissement suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    sur la feuille (7) à couches multiples est prévu, dans la zone extérieure de l'évaporateur (2), un canal (21) pour de l'air, par lequel de la chaleur peut être absorbée dans l'évaporateur (2).
  24. Procédé de mise sous-vide d'un élément de refroidissement suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la feuille (7) à couches multiples comporte dans la zone de couture de scellement un intercalaire (11) en polypropylène, par lequel une pompe à vide fait le vide à l'intérieur de l'élément de refroidissement, et en ce que, après que le vide a été fait, on chauffe l'intercalaire (11), jusqu' à ce qu'il fonde avec la couche de scellement de la feuille (7) à couches multiples et forme un élément de refroidissement mis sous-vide et étanche au gaz.
EP08001474A 2007-03-05 2008-01-26 Elément de refroidissement et de sorption doté d'un organe de réglage et d'une source de chaleur supplémentaire Not-in-force EP1967799B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200710010981 DE102007010981A1 (de) 2007-03-05 2007-03-05 Sorptions-Kühlelement mit Regelorgan
DE200710057748 DE102007057748A1 (de) 2007-03-05 2007-11-30 Sorptions-Kühlelement mit Regelorgan und zusätzlicher Wärmequelle

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1967799A2 EP1967799A2 (fr) 2008-09-10
EP1967799A3 EP1967799A3 (fr) 2011-05-18
EP1967799B1 true EP1967799B1 (fr) 2012-11-21

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Country Link
US (1) US8074470B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1967799B1 (fr)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8074470B2 (en) 2011-12-13
JP5294655B2 (ja) 2013-09-18
EP1967799A2 (fr) 2008-09-10
US20080216508A1 (en) 2008-09-11
JP2008215808A (ja) 2008-09-18
EP1967799A3 (fr) 2011-05-18
SG145659A1 (en) 2008-09-29

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