EP1956885A2 - Wirkstoffe zur steigerung der stressabwehr in pflanzen gegenüber abiotischem stress und methoden zu ihrer auffindung - Google Patents

Wirkstoffe zur steigerung der stressabwehr in pflanzen gegenüber abiotischem stress und methoden zu ihrer auffindung

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Publication number
EP1956885A2
EP1956885A2 EP06818467A EP06818467A EP1956885A2 EP 1956885 A2 EP1956885 A2 EP 1956885A2 EP 06818467 A EP06818467 A EP 06818467A EP 06818467 A EP06818467 A EP 06818467A EP 1956885 A2 EP1956885 A2 EP 1956885A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plants
compounds
alkyl
expression
stress
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06818467A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Arno Schulz
Klaus Bartsch
Hansjörg KRAEHMER
Martin Hills
Erwin Hacker
Chris Rosinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer CropScience AG
Original Assignee
Bayer CropScience AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer CropScience AG filed Critical Bayer CropScience AG
Priority to PL10175325T priority Critical patent/PL2289310T3/pl
Priority to EP10175325A priority patent/EP2289310B1/de
Publication of EP1956885A2 publication Critical patent/EP1956885A2/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H3/00—Processes for modifying phenotypes, e.g. symbiosis with bacteria
    • A01H3/04—Processes for modifying phenotypes, e.g. symbiosis with bacteria by treatment with chemicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C12Q1/6888—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms
    • C12Q1/6895—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms for plants, fungi or algae
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/32—Ingredients for reducing the noxious effect of the active substances to organisms other than pests, e.g. toxicity reducing compositions, self-destructing compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N37/28—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof containing the group; Thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
    • A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
    • A01N41/04—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A01N41/06—Sulfonic acid amides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/158—Expression markers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for finding compounds which control the tolerance of plants to abiotic stressors acting on this plant, such as temperature (such as cold, frost or heat), water (such as dryness, drought or anoxia), or the chemical stress (such as deficiency or excess of mineral salts, heavy metals, gaseous NOXES) by increasing the expression of plant endogenous proteins, as well as the use of these compounds to increase the plant tolerance to abiotic stressors.
  • abiotic stressors acting on this plant such as temperature (such as cold, frost or heat), water (such as dryness, drought or anoxia), or the chemical stress (such as deficiency or excess of mineral salts, heavy metals, gaseous NOXES)
  • abiotic stress eg cold, heat, drought, salt
  • signal transduction chains eg transcription factors, kinases, phosphatases
  • the signal chain genes of the abiotic stress reaction include transcription factors of classes DREB and CBF (Jaglo-Ottosen et al., 1998, Science 280: 104-106).
  • the response to salt stress involves phosphatases of the ATPK and MP2C types.
  • salt stress often the biosynthesis of Osmolytes such as proline or sucrose are activated.
  • sucrose synthase and proline transporters are involved here (Hasegawa et al., 2000, Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 51: 463-499).
  • the stress control of plants against cold and drought partly uses the same molecular mechanisms.
  • the accumulation of so-called late embryogenesis abundant protein (LEA) is known.
  • Proteins which include the dehydrins as an important class (Ingram and Bartels, 1996, Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 47: 277-403, Close, 1997, Physiol Plant 100: 291-296). These are chaperones that stabilize vesicles, proteins and membrane structures in stressed plants (Bray, 1993, Plant Physiol 103: 1035-1040). Moreover, induction of aldehyde dehydrogenases, which detoxify the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by oxidative stress, is often used (Kirch et al., 2005, Plant Mol Biol 57: 315-332).
  • ROS reactive oxygen species
  • HSF Heat Shock Factors
  • HSP Heat Shock Proteins
  • antioxidants such as naphtols and xanthines to increase the abiotic stress tolerance in plants has also been described (Bergmann et al., DD-277832, Bergmann et al., DD-277835).
  • the molecular causes of the anti-stress effects of these substances are largely unknown.
  • cDNA complementary DNA
  • RNA complementary DNA
  • the cDNA may correspond either to the total RNA length, or but represent only a partial sequence of serving as a matrix RNA.
  • cluster analysis means the aggregation of the determined individual data by means of a computer program developed therefor, wherein groups of genes which code for proteins with a similar function or genes with a similar expression pattern are summarized Achieving hierarchical minimization of the complex data pattern, which can be presented in the form of a dendrogram
  • the cluster analysis allows the classification of received data records to be classified, which goes far beyond the mere accumulation of unrelated data.
  • DNA chip and "DNA microarray”, which are used interchangeably herein, refers to a carrier whose base material consists, for example, of glass or nylon, on the base material of which DNA fragments are fixed, the application of the DNA, for example, by (a) a photolithographic process (DNA is synthesized directly on the array support), (b) a microspotting process (externally synthesized oligonucleotides or PCR products are added to the support applied and covalently bound), or (c) by a microspray method (externally synthesized oligonucleotides or PCR products are spray-coated with an inkjet printer without contact) can be carried out (R.
  • a photolithographic process DNA is synthesized directly on the array support
  • a microspotting process externally synthesized oligonucleotides or PCR products are added to the support applied and covalently bound
  • a microspray method externally synthesized oligonucleotides or PCR products are
  • a DNA chip representing genomic sequences of an organism is referred to as a "genomic DNA chip.”
  • the evaluation of the measurements obtained using these DNA chips is referred to as "DNA chip analysis.”
  • DNA-chip hybridization means the mating of two single-stranded complementary nucleic acid molecules, wherein one of the base-pairing molecule partners is localized as DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) on the DNA chip in preferably covalently bound form, while the other in The form of the RNA (ribonucleic acid) or the corresponding cDNA (complementary DNA) is present in solution
  • DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
  • RNA ribonucleic acid
  • corresponding cDNA complementary DNA
  • Buffer solution optionally under additional denaturing conditions, such as in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide, at temperatures of 30-60 0 C, preferably 40-50 0 C, particularly preferably at 45 0 C for 10-20 hours, preferably for 14-18 hours, especially preferred for 16 hours with constant movement.
  • the hybridization conditions can be constant, for example in one
  • Hybridization furnace can be realized. By default, movements of 60 rpm (rounds p.er minute, revolutions per minute) are realized in such a hybridization oven.
  • Nucleic acid sequence as used herein means a short sequence of 200-500 bases or base pairs.
  • expression pattern describes the time-differentiated and / or tissue-specific expression of the plant mRNA, the pattern directly by the generated intensity of the hybridization signal from the plant obtained RNA or its corresponding cDNA using the DNA chip technology is obtained.
  • the measured “induction values” are obtained by directly offsetting the corresponding signals obtained by using a synonymous chip hybridized with an untreated / stressed control plant.
  • expression state obtained by the "gene expression profiling” as used herein describes the total detected transcriptional activity of cellular genes measured by means of a DNA chip.
  • total RNA describes the possible representation of various plant endogenous RNA groups that may be present in a plant cell, such as, for example, cytoplasmic rRNA (ribosomal RNA), cytoplasmic tRNA (transfer RNA), due to the digestion method used, cytoplasmic mRNA (messenger RNA), as well as their respective nuclear precursors, ctRNA (chloroplastidäre RNA) and mtRNA (mitochondrial RNA), but also includes RNA molecules that may be derived from exogenous organisms, such as viruses, or parasitic bacteria and fungi ,
  • crops refers to crops used as plants for the production of food, feed or for technical purposes.
  • safener refers to a chemical compound which is not of plant-derived origin and which abolishes or reduces the phytotoxic properties of a pesticide to crops without the pesticides having an effect against harmful organisms such as weeds, bacteria, viruses and Mushrooms is significantly reduced. Safeners, which in addition to their actually known function also contribute to increasing the tolerance to abiotic stressors, are preferably selected from the group defined below, wherein the choice can be made differently depending on the abiotic stressor, the use of only a single safener or more safeners from the same or from different groups:
  • n ' is a natural number from 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 3;
  • T is a (Ci or C 2 ) alkanediyl chain which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two (Ci-C 4 ) alkyl radicals or by [(CrC 3 ) alkoxy] carbonyl;
  • W is an unsubstituted or substituted divalent heterocyclic radical from the group of unsaturated or unsaturated five-membered ring heterocycles having 1 to 3 hetero ring N or O atoms, at least one N atom and at most one O atom in the ring, preferably a radical from the group (W1) to (W4),
  • R 17 , R 19 are the same or different halogen
  • R 18 , R 20 are identical or different OR 24 , SR 24 or NR 24 R 25 or a saturated or unsaturated 3- to 7-membered heterocycle having at least one N atom and up to 3 heteroatoms, preferably from the group O and S. which is connected via the N atom to the carbonyl group in (II) or (III) and unsubstituted or by radicals from the group (C 1 -C 4 ) Al kVl,
  • R 24 is hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, preferably having a total of 1 to 18 C atoms;
  • R 25 is hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 ) alkoxy or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl;
  • R x is H, (C r C 8 ) alkyl, C r C 8 (haloalkyl), (C 1 -C 4 ) alkoxy (C 1 -C 8 ) alkyl, cyano or
  • R 26 is hydrogen, (C r C 8) alkyl, (d-CsiHaloalkyl, (C 1 -C 4 4) alkyl) AIkOXy- (C r C, (CrC 6) hydroxyalkyl, (C 3 -C 12 ) cycloalkyl or tri- (C r C4) alkyl silyl;
  • R 27, R 28, R 29 are identical or different hydrogen, (CrC 8) alkyl,
  • R 21 is (C r C4) alkyl, (CrC 4) haloalkyl, (C 2 -C 4) alkenyl, (C 2 -C 4) haloalkenyl,
  • R 30 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbon radical, a hydrocarbonoxy radical, a hydrocarbylthio radical or a heterocyclyl radical which is preferably bonded via a carbon atom, where each of the last-mentioned 4 radicals is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more identical or different radicals from the group halogen, cyano, nitro , Amino, hydroxy, carboxy, formyl, carbonamide, sulfonamide and radicals of the formula -Z a -R a is substituted, wherein each hydrocarbon moiety preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms and a C-containing radical R 30 including substituents preferably 1 to 30 Having C atoms; R 31 is hydrogen or (C 1 -C 4 ) -alkyl, preferably hydrogen, or R 30 and R 31 together with the group of the formula -CO-N- are the radical of a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring;
  • R 32 is identical or different and is halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxyl, carboxy, formyl, CONH 2 , SO 2 NH 2 or a radical of the formula -Z b -R b ;
  • R 33 is hydrogen or (C 1 -C 4 ) -alkyl, preferably H;
  • R 34 is identical or different and is halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxyl, carboxy, CHO, CONH 2 , SO 2 NH 2 or a radical of the formula -Z c -R c ;
  • R a is a hydrocarbon radical or a heterocyclyl radical, where each of the latter two radicals is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more identical or different radicals from the group of halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxyl, mono- and di- [(C 1 -C 4 ) -alkyl] -amino, or an alkyl radical in which several, preferably 2 or 3, non-adjacent CH 2 groups are each replaced by an oxygen atom;
  • R b , R c identically or differently, are a hydrocarbon radical or a
  • Heterocyclylrest wherein each of the last two radicals unsubstituted or by one or more identical or different radicals selected from the group halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxyl, phosphoryl, halogen Mono- and di- [(C 1 -C 4 ) -alkyl] -amino, or a
  • Z a is a divalent group of the formula -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CS-, -CO-O-, -CO-S-,
  • R * in the latter 5 radicals independently of one another are each H, (C 1 -C -O-alkyl or halo (C 1 -C 4 ) -alkyl;
  • Z b , Z c independently of one another a direct bond or a divalent group of the formula -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CS-, -CO-O-, -CO-S-, -O-CO-,
  • 1, and m is an integer of 0 to 5, preferably 0, 1, 2 or 3, in particular 0, 1 or 2; mean;
  • X 3 is CH or N
  • R 35 is hydrogen, heterocyclyl or a hydrocarbon radical, where the latter two radicals are optionally substituted by one or more, identical or different radicals from the group halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxyl,
  • R 36 is hydrogen, hydroxy, (C r C6) alkyl, (C 2 -C 6) alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6) -alkynyl, (CrC 6) - alkoxy, (C 2 -C 6) - alkenyloxy, wherein the five last-mentioned radicals optionally substituted by one or more identical or different radicals from the group halogen, hydroxy, (C r C4) alkyl, (C r C 4) alkoxy and (CrC 4) -
  • Alkylthio are substituted, or
  • R 35 and R 36 together with the nitrogen atom carrying them have a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring;
  • R 37 is halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, CHO, CONH 2 , SO 2 NH 2 or Z b -R b ;
  • R 38 is hydrogen, (C r C4) alkyl, (C 2 -C 4) -alkenyl or (C 2 -C 4) alkynyl;
  • R 39 is halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, phosphoryl, CHO, CONH 2 , SO 2 NH 2 or Z c -R c ;
  • R a is a (C 2 -C 2 0) -alkyl radical whose carbon chain is interrupted one or more times by oxygen atoms, heterocyclyl or a
  • Hydrocarbon radical wherein the latter two radicals are optionally substituted by one or more identical or different radicals from the group halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, mono- and di - [(Ci-C 4 ) alkyl] amino;
  • R b, R c are identical or different and are a (C 2 -C 2 o) -alkyl radical whose carbon chain one or more times interrupted by oxygen atoms, is heterocyclyl or a hydrocarbon radical, where the last two radicals, the same or optionally substituted by one or more different Radicals from the group halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, phosphoryl, (CrC 4 ) - haloalkoxy, mono- and di - [(Ci-C 4 ) alkyl] amino substituted;
  • Z a is a divalent unit selected from O, S, CO, CS, C (O) O, C (O) S, SO, SO 2 , NR d , C (O) NR d or SO 2 NR d ;
  • Z b , Z c identically or differently, denote a direct bond or a divalent unit from the group O, S, CO, CS, C (O) O, C (O) S, SO, SO 2 , NR d , SO 2 NR d or C (O) NR d ;
  • R d is hydrogen, (C r C 4 ) -alkyl or (C r C 4 ) -haloalkyl; n is an integer from 0 to 4, and in the case that X is CH, an integer from 0 to 5, and in the case where X is N, an integer from 0 to 4;
  • A is a radical from the group
  • R ⁇ and R ß independently hydrogen, CVC ⁇ alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 alkenyl, Cs-Ce-alkynyl,
  • R ⁇ and R ⁇ together represent a C 4 -C 6 -alkylene bridge or one by oxygen
  • R ⁇ is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl
  • R a and R b independently represent hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, Ci-C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, Ci-C 4 alkylthio, C 1 -C 4 -
  • Halogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl may be substituted, and
  • R 9 and R h independently of one another represent hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, methylthio or -COOR j , where
  • R c is hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or methoxy
  • R d is hydrogen, halogen, nitro, -C 4 alkyl, C r C 4 alkoxy, C r C 4 alkylthio,
  • R e is hydrogen, halogen, C 4 alkyl, -COOR j, trifluoromethyl or methoxy, or R d and R e together are a C 3 -C 4 -alkylene bridge, R f 4 alkyl, hydrogen, halogen or C stands,
  • R x and R ⁇ independently represent hydrogen, halogen, -C 4 alkyl, -C 4 - alkoxy, -C 4 alkylthio, -COOR j, trifluoromethyl, nitro or cyano, R j, R k and R m independently represents hydrogen or -C 4 -alkyl, R k and R m together are a C 4 -C 6 alkylene or by oxygen, NH or -N (C r C 4 alkyl) - interrupted C 4 -C 6 alkylene are, and
  • R n is C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, phenyl or by halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, methoxy, nitro or
  • R 1 is methyl, methoxy or trifluoromethoxy; represents hydrogen, chlorine or methyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, ethyl or propargyl
  • R 4 is ethyl, cyclopropyl, iso-propyl or propargyl, or R 3 and R 4 together form the group (CH 2 ) ⁇
  • the compounds of formula (I) are e.g. from EP-A-0 333 131 (ZA-89/1960), EP-A-0 269 806 (US Pat. No. 4,891,057), EP-A-0 346 620 (AU-A-89/34951), EP-A-0 174 562, EP-A-0 346 620 (WO-A-91/08 202), WO-A-91/07 874 or WO-A 95/07 897 (ZA 94/7120) and the literature cited therein, or can be prepared analogously to or analogously to US Pat produced there described methods.
  • EP-A-0 086 750 EP-A-0 94349 (US-A-4,902,340), EP-A-0,917,336 (US-A-4,881,966) and EP-A-0 492 366 and references cited therein known or can be prepared according to or analogously to the method described therein. Some compounds are further described in EP-A-0 582 198 and WO 2002/34048.
  • the compounds of group (c) are described in WO-A-97/45016, those of group (d) in WO-A-99/16744, those of group B (e) in EP-A-365484 and the group (g) in EP-A-1019368.
  • R 24 is hydrogen, (C r C 18 ) -alkyl, (C 3 -C 12 ) -cycloalkyl , (C 2 -C 8 ) -alkenyl and (C 2 -Ci ⁇ ) alkynyl, where the C-containing groups may be substituted by one or more, preferably up to three, radicals R 50 ; R 50 is the same or different halogen, hydroxy, (C 1 -C 8 ) -alkoxy,
  • R 52 radicals are substituted; SiR ' 3 , -O-SiR' 3) R ' 3 Si - (C 1 -C 8 ) -alkoxy, -CO-O-NR 2 , - -O-NR-2, -NR 2 , CH (OR 1 ) 2 , -O- (CH 2 ) m -CH (OR 1 ) 2 , - CR-'XOR 1 ⁇ , - ⁇ - (CHz ⁇ CR- XOR ⁇ z or by R "O-CHR '" CHCOR "- (CrC 6 ) alkoxy, R 51 is the same or different halogen, nitro, (C 1 -C 4 ) alkoxy and unsubstituted or with one or more, preferably up to three radicals R 52 is substituted phenyl; R 52 is identical or different halogen, (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 ) alkoxy
  • R ' is the same or different hydrogen, (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more, preferably up to three, radicals R 52 or two radicals R' together form a (C 2 -C 6 ) alkanediyl chain;
  • R " is identical or different (C r C 4 ) alkyl or two radicals R" together form a (C 2 -C 6 ) alkanediyl chain;
  • R '" is hydrogen or (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl;
  • m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
  • R 24 is hydrogen, (C 1 -C 8 ) -alkyl or (C 3 -C 7 ) -cycloalkyl , wherein the above
  • C-containing radicals are unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen or monosubstituted or disubstituted, preferably monosubstituted by radicals R 50 , R 50 is the same or different hydroxy, (C 1 -C 4 ) alkoxy, carboxy,
  • R 1 is identical or different hydrogen
  • (C r C4) alkyl or pairwise a (C 4 -C- 5) means alkanediyl chain
  • R 27, R 28, R 29 are identical or different hydrogen
  • R x is hydrogen or COOR 26 , wherein R 26 is hydrogen, (C r C 8 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 8 ) haloalkyl, (CrCrAlkoxyMd-OO-alkyl, (C r C 6 ) hydroxyalkyl, (C 3 -
  • R 17 , R 19 are identical or different halogen, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, (Ci or C 2 ) -haloalkyl, preferably hydrogen, halogen or (C 1 or C 2 ) - haloalkyl.
  • R 17 is halogen, nitro or (dC 4 ) haloalkyl; n 'is 0, 1, 2 or 3; R 18 is a radical of the formula OR 24 , R 24 is hydrogen, (C 1 -C 8 ) alkyl or (C 3 -C 7 ) cycloalkyl, where the above C-containing radicals are unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted, preferably up to three times, by identical or different halogen radicals or up to disubstituted, preferably monosubstituted, by identical or different radicals from the group hydroxy, (CrC 4) alkoxy, (CrC 4) alkoxycarbonyl, (C 2 - C 6) alkenyloxycarbonyl, (C 2 - 4) alkyl (Ci-C - C 6) alkynyloxycarbonyl,
  • R 27 , R 28 , R 29 are identical or different hydrogen, (C 1 -C 8 ) alkyl, (C 1 -
  • R x is hydrogen or COOR 26 wherein R 26 is hydrogen, (C r C 8) alkyl, (C 1 - C 8) haloalkyl, (C 1 -C 4) alkoxy - (C 1 -C 4 ) -alkyl, (C r C 6 ) hydroxyalkyl, (C 3 -C 7 ) cycloalkyl or tri (C 1 -C 4 ) -alkylsilyl.
  • R 19 is halogen or (C 1 -C 4 ) haloalkyl; n 'is 0, 1, 2 or 3, wherein (R 19 ) n - preferably 5-CI; R 20 is a group of formula OR 24 ;
  • T is CH 2 or CH (COO- (C r C 3 alkyl))
  • R 24 is hydrogen, (Ci-C 8) alkyl, (C r C 8) haloalkyl or (C 1 -C 4) AIkOXy- (C 1 -C 4) - alkyl, preferably hydrogen or (Ci-C ⁇ ) alkyl.
  • R 17 is halogen or (C r C 2 ) haloalkyl; n 'is 0, 1, 2 or 3, wherein (R 17 V is preferably 2,4-Cl 2 ; R 18 is a radical of the formula OR 24 ; R 24 is hydrogen, (C r C 8 ) alkyl, (C r C 4 ) haloalkyl, (C r C 4 ) hydroxyalkyl, (C 3 -
  • R 27 is hydrogen, (C r C 8 ) alkyl, (C r C 4 ) haloalkyl or (C 3 -C 7 ) cycloalkyl, preferably hydrogen or (dC 4 ) alkyl, and R x is COOR 26 , wherein R 26 is hydrogen , (dC 8 ) alkyl, (C r C 4 ) haloalkyl, (C 1 -
  • C 2 ) -alkylsilyl preferably hydrogen or (Ci-C 4 ) AIkVl.
  • R 17 is halogen or (C r C 2 ) haloalkyl; n 'is O, 1, 2 or 3, wherein (R 17 ) n - preferably 2,4-Cl 2 ; R 18 is a radical of the formula OR 24 ; R 24 is hydrogen, (C r C 8 ) alkyl, (C r C 4 ) haloalkyl, (C r C 4 ) hydroxyalkyl,
  • (C 3 -C 7) cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 4 alkoxy) C 1 -C 4 alkyl or tri (-C 2) -alkyl-silyl, preferably (Ci-C 4) alkyl
  • R 27 is hydrogen, (C r C 8 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 ) haloalkyl, (C 3 -C 7 ) cycloalkyl or unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, preferably hydrogen, (C 1 -)
  • C 4 alkyl or phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals from the group halogen, (CrC 4) alkyl, (C 1 -C 4) HaIOaIkVl, nitro, cyano or (CrC 4) -alkoxy substituted.
  • R 17 is halogen or (C r C 2 ) haloalkyl; n 'is 0, 1, 2 or 3, wherein (R 17 V is preferably 2,4-Cl 2 ; R 18 is a radical of the formula OR 24 ; R 24 is hydrogen, (C r C 8 ) alkyl, (Ci -C 4) haloalkyl, (Ci-C 4) hydroxyalkyl,
  • W is (W4)
  • R 17 is halogen, nitro, (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 2 ) haloalkyl, preferably CF 3 , or
  • R 18 is a radical of the formula OR 24 ;
  • R 24 is hydrogen, (C r C 4 ) alkyl, carboxy (Ci-C 4 ) alkyl, (CrC 4 ) alkoxycarbonyl
  • (dC 4) alkyl preferably (C 1 -C 4) -alkoxy-CO-CH 2 -, (C r C4) alkoxy-CO- C (CH 3) H-, HO-CO-CH 2 -, or HO -CO-C (CH 3 ) H-, and
  • R 29 is hydrogen, (C r C 4 ) alkyl, (Ci-C 4 ) haloalkyl, (C 3 -C 7 ) cycloalkyl or phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more of the group halogen, (C r C 4 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 ) haloalkyl, nitro, cyano and (C r C 4 ) alkoxy.
  • the following groups of compounds known as safeners are particularly suitable as active ingredients for increasing the tolerance of plants to abiotic stressors:
  • R 30 is hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 ) -alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 ) -cycloalkyl, furanyl or thienyl, where each of the last-mentioned 4 radicals is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents from the group halogen, (C 1 -C 4 ) - Alkoxy, halogen
  • R 32 is halogen, halo (C r C4) alkyl, halo (C r C 4) alkoxy, (C r C4) alkyl, (C r C4) alkoxy, (Ci-C 4) Alkylsulfonyl, (C r C 4 ) alkoxycarbonyl or (C 1 -C 4 ) -
  • Alkylcarbonyl preferably halogen, (CrC 4) -haloalkyl such as trifluoromethyl, (C 1 -C 4) - alkoxy, halo-alkoxy (dC 4) -alkoxycarbonyl or (CrC 4) (C 1 -C 4) - alkylsulfonyl , R 33 is hydrogen,
  • R 34 is halogen, (C r C4) alkyl, halo (C r C4) alkyl, halo (C r C 4) alkoxy,
  • R 35 is hydrogen, (C r C6) alkyl, (C 3 -C 6) -cycloalkyl, (C 2 -C 6) alkenyl, (C 5 -C 6) - cycloalkenyl, phenyl or 3- to 6 membered heterocyclyl of up to three
  • R 36 is hydrogen, (C r C 6 ) -alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 ) -alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 ) -alkynyl, where the last three radicals mentioned are optionally substituted by one or more, identical or different substituents from the group Group Halogen, Hydroxy, (CrC 4 ) -
  • R 37 is halogen, (C r C4) -haloalkyl, (CrC 4) -haloalkoxy, nitro, (C r C4) alkyl, (C 1 -C 4) - alkoxy, (CrC 4) alkylsulfonyl, (CrC 4 ) alkoxycarbonyl or (CrC 4 ) alkylcarbonyl; R 38 is hydrogen;
  • R 39 is halogen, nitro, (C r C4) alkyl, (C 1 -C 4) -haloalkyl, (C r C 4) -haloalkoxy, (C 3 -C 6) -
  • alkylcarbonyl n is 0, 1 or 2 and m is 1 or 2.
  • Preferred compounds known as safeners of the formula (VI) are (S3-1), (S3-2), (S3-3), (S3-4) and (S3-5).
  • VIII-3 VIII-4 of which, in turn, the compound VI 11-3 (4-cyclopropylaminocarbonyl-N- (2-methoxybenzoyl) benzenesulfonamides) is most preferred for use as a tolerance enhancer in plants to abiotic stressors.
  • Particularly preferred compounds for use as tolerance enhancer in plants to abiotic stressors are those selected from the group of compounds known as safeners consisting of the compounds of formulas 1-1 (mefenpyr-diethyl), I-9 (isoxadifen-ethyl ), 11-1 (chloquintocet-mexyl), b-11 (fenclorim), b-14 (dymron), and VIII-3 (4-cyclopropylaminocarbonyl-N- (2-methoxybenzoyl) benzenesulfonamides, most preferably the compounds are 1 -1 and VIII-3).
  • the genetically modified (also called transgenic) plants are usually characterized by particular advantageous properties, for example by resistance to certain pesticides, especially certain herbicides, resistance to plant diseases or pathogens of plant diseases such as certain insects or microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria or viruses , Other special properties relate to z.
  • transgenic plants with increased starch content or altered quality of the starch or those with other fatty acid composition of the crop are known.
  • cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, millet, rice and corn or cultures of sugar beet, cotton, soybeans, rape, potato, tomato, pea and other vegetables, particularly preferably in Cultures of corn, wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, oilseed rape, sugar beet and soybeans, most preferably in crops of corn, wheat, rice, oilseed rape, sugarbeet and soybeans.
  • transgenic plants with substances identified using DNA microarrays, as well as the molecules already known as safeners, whose tolerance to abiotic stressors has already been increased by genetic engineering, so that a synergistic effect of the endogenously encoded tolerance and the exogenous applied tolerance-enhancing effect is observed.
  • new plants which have modified properties in comparison to previously occurring plants consist, for example, in classical breeding methods and the production of mutants.
  • new plants with altered properties can be generated by means of genetic engineering methods (see, for example, EP-A-0221044, EP-A-0131624).
  • genetic modifications of cultivated plants have been described for the purpose of modifying the starch synthesized in the plants (eg WO 92/11376, WO 92/14827, WO 91/19806), transgenic crop plants which are resistant to certain glufosinate-type herbicides (US Pat.
  • Bacillus thuringiensis toxins which render the plants resistant to certain pests (EP-A-0142924, EP-A-0193259).
  • Transgenic crop plants with modified fatty acid composition WO 91/13972.
  • Numerous molecular biology techniques that can be used to produce novel transgenic plants with altered properties are known in principle; See, for example, Sambrook et al., 1989, Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed. CoId Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, ColD Spring Harbor, NY; or Winnacker “Genes and Clones", VCH Weinheim 2nd edition 1996 or Christou, "Trends in Plant Science” 1 (1996) 423-431).
  • nucleic acid molecules can be introduced into plasmids that allow mutagenesis or sequence alteration by recombination of DNA sequences.
  • z For example, base substitutions are made, partial sequences are removed, or natural or synthetic sequences are added.
  • adapters or linkers can be attached to the fragments.
  • the production of plant cells having a reduced activity of a gene product can be achieved, for example, by the expression of at least one corresponding antisense RNA, a sense RNA to obtain a cosuppression effect or the expression of at least one appropriately engineered ribozyme which specifically cleaves transcripts of the above gene product.
  • DNA molecules may be used which comprise the entire coding sequence of a gene product, including any flanking sequences that may be present, as well as DNA molecules which comprise only parts of the coding sequence, which parts must be long enough to be present in the cells to cause an antisense effect. It is also possible to use DNA sequences which have a high degree of homology to the coding sequences of a gene product, but are not completely identical.
  • the synthesized protein may be located in any compartment of the plant cell. Around but to achieve the localization in a particular compartment, z.
  • the coding region can be linked to DNA sequences that ensure localization in a particular compartment.
  • sequences are known to those skilled in the art (see, for example, Braun et al., EMBO J. 11 (1992), 3219-3227; Wolter et al., Proc. Natl. Acad., U.S.A. 85 (1988), 846-850; Sonnewald et al., Plant J. 1 (1991), 95-106).
  • the transgenic plant cells can be regenerated to whole plants by known techniques.
  • the transgenic plants may, in principle, be plants of any plant species, that is, both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.
  • the molecules identified with the aid of the DNA microarrays or known as safeners can be used in transgenic cultures which are resistant to herbicides from the group of sulfonylureas, glufosinate-ammonium or glyphosate-isopropylammonium and analogous active substances and / or based on genetic engineering Altered endogenous tolerance to abiotic stressors.
  • the invention therefore also relates to the use of the compounds identified by DNA microarrays or of compounds already known as safeners for increasing the tolerance to abiotic stressors in transgenic crop plants, preferably with the aim of increasing the yield.
  • the present invention is a method for finding a compound that increases tolerance to abiotic stressors in plants, wherein increasing the transcription or expression of single or multiple, plant endogenous genes such as genes encoding proteins from the group of cytochrome oxidases, such as Cytochrome oxidase P450, glycosyltransferases, uricases, such as uricase II (EC17.3.3), peptidases, various membrane proteins, amidohydrolases, as well as various general stress proteins, as an indication of induction is evaluated.
  • cytochrome oxidases such as Cytochrome oxidase P450, glycosyltransferases, uricases, such as uricase II (EC17.3.3)
  • uricases such as uricase II (EC17.3.3)
  • peptidases various membrane proteins, amidohydrolases, as well as various general stress proteins, as an indication of induction is evaluated.
  • the present invention relates to a method for finding compounds which induce the transcription of genes coding for plant-endogenous enzymes of stress tolerance, characterized in that: a) test plants are exposed to one or more abiotic stressors, b) control plants, all other things being equal Conditions such as test plants under a), in addition to be contacted with a compound to be tested, be it in the form of pickled seed material, or the spray at a specific development time or by root uptake, c) RNA is extracted from the test and control plants, d) The RNA is either directly radioactively or non-radioactively labeled, or the RNA is radiolabeled or non-radioactively labeled with simultaneous enzymatic transcription into the corresponding cDNA, or the obtained, unlabelled cDNA enzymatically into a corresponding radioactive or non-radioactive labeled cRNA is rewritten, e) a DNA microarray containing DNA sequences containing the DNA according to
  • Expression profiles are done by cluster analysis.
  • the enzymatic rewriting of the cDNA obtained into a cRNA is to be regarded as a preferred method step, since a further amplification of the hybridization probe can be achieved thereby.
  • the labeling by means of non-radioactive nucleotides, particularly preferably the labeling by means of biotinylated UTP and / or CTP, the detection being carried out following the hybridization reaction carried out by binding of streptavidin-phycoerythrin as fluorophore and the biotinylated cRNA. Detection of the specific phycoerythrin fluorescence, which serves as a basis for the quantification of the measured differences in expression, is carried out after the hybridization with the aid of a laser scanner.
  • Preferred subject of the present invention is a method in compliance with the above-mentioned procedures a) - h), wherein in the case of the intended increase in heat stress the genes for the expression of cytochrome oxidases, such as cytochrome oxidase P450, glycosyltransferases, uricases, such as uricase Il (EC17.3.3), peptidases, various membrane proteins, amidohydrolases in heat-stressed and non-heat-stressed plants is compared, preferably the genes for expression of the "N-carbamyl-L-amino acid amidohydrolase" (Zm.11840.1 A1_at), the "Serine carboxypeptidase (Zm.18994.2.A1_a_at), uricase II (EC1.7.3.3) and the Glycosyltransferase (Zm.12587.1.S1_s_at), very particularly preferably the genes for the expression of the "N-carbamyl
  • Also preferred subject matter of the present invention is a method which complies with the abovementioned processes a) -h), wherein in the case of the intended increase in drought stress, for example, the genes for the expression of the late embryogenesis abundant proteins, such as the dehydrins, of the universal stress protein ( Zm.818.1.A1_at), non-symbiotic hemoglobin (Zm.485.1.A1_at), the protein with the addressing "Zm.818.2.A1_a_at” (corn genome array from the company Affymetrix (Affymetrix Inc., 3380 Central Expressway, Santa Clara , CA, USA)) and the protein with the addressing "Zm.18682.1.A1_s_at”
  • the genes for the expression of the late embryogenesis abundant proteins such as the dehydrins, of the universal stress protein ( Zm.818.1.A1_at), non-symbiotic hemoglobin (Zm.485.1.A1_at), the protein with the addressing "Zm.
  • the present invention is further the use of certain DNA microarrays, based on genetic information from plants, preferably genetic information from crops, particularly preferably from useful plants such as corn, cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice and Soy, preferably from maize, wheat, barley, rye, rice and soy, more preferably from barley, maize, wheat, rice and soy, most preferably from maize, wheat and soybean are used to find altered gene expression patterns.
  • the relative changes in gene patterns for genes of different stress proteins in plants treated with the compounds to be tested are considered in comparison to untreated control plants under otherwise identical stress conditions.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the promoters of the described indicator genes in conjunction with specific reporter genes (e.g., GUS, GFP, luciferase, etc.) for finding substances having a positive effect on abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants.
  • specific reporter genes e.g., GUS, GFP, luciferase, etc.
  • Agents which increase the abiotic stress tolerance of plants by the mechanism described induce the expression of the reporter gene and can be identified by means of a colorimetric, fluorimetric or other suitable assay.
  • the invention furthermore relates to the use of the indicator genes described for increasing the abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic crop plants.
  • the genes are fused with a suitable promoter, which has the desired strength and specificity, and the constructs are transformed into monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous crops.
  • the generated transgenic plants are characterized by an increased tolerance to abiotic stress, eg cold, heat, drought etc.
  • Another object of the present invention is the use of the compounds by means of the DNA microarray, considering the
  • Expression profiles of the genes have been identified and / or already known as safeners of known compounds in the case of abiotic stress conditions, such as on this plant acting abiotic stressors, such as temperature (cold, freezing or heat), water (drought or drought), or the chemical load (deficiency or excess of mineral salts, heavy metals, gaseous Noxen) positive, ie enhance expression in terms of their inductive effect on single or multiple genes of the plant-endogenous defense mechanisms, such as in the case of heat stress on cytochrome oxidases, such as cytochrome oxidase P450 on glycosyltransferases on uricases, such as uricase II (EC17.3.3) on peptidases , on various membrane protein, on
  • the invention also relates to the use of substances identified using the DNA microarray as well as the already known as safener molecules to increase tolerance to abiotic stressors in various crops, such as corn, cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice and soybean , preferably corn, wheat, barley, rye, rice and soy, more preferably corn, wheat, rice and soy, most preferably corn, wheat and soy.
  • the present invention therefore also relates to the use of compounds which have been identified with the aid of the DNA microarray, considering the expression profiles of the genes, and / or already as safeners of known compounds which are present in plants, directly or indirectly, as for example by a signal transduction chain.
  • abiotic stressors such as temperature (such as cold, frost or heat), water (such as drought, drought or anoxia), or chemical stress (such as deficiency or excess of mineral salts, heavy metals, gaseous noxae) contribute to Increasing yield, extending the growing season, enabling earlier sowing, improving quality, or
  • the present invention is therefore also a method for increasing the yield in crops, to extend the
  • safeners Preference is given here to those compounds which are already known in plant protection in their use as so-called safeners, for example from the group of the compounds known as safeners consisting of the compounds of the formulas 1-1 (mefenpyr-diethyl), I-9 (isoxadifen).
  • the present invention therefore also provides a process for increasing the tolerance of crops in crops to abiotic stressors by single or combined administration of the compounds known with the aid of the DNA microarray, taking into account the expression profiles of the genes of the compounds identified and / or already known as safeners.
  • 10 g of seed with 20 mg of active ingredient dissolved in 2 ml of methylene chloride were incubated with gentle shaking until the solvent had evaporated (about 30 min.).
  • the seeds of the control group were only stained with solvent.
  • the treated seeds were placed in pots with soil (diameter: 10 cm, 10 seeds per pot) and the corn seedlings for 10 days in a climatic chamber under defined light, humidity and temperature conditions
  • the measured values were averaged over the 10 pots of the plant group.
  • the numerical values given in Table 1 are relative values in [%] based on the measurement results of control group 2 (without active ingredient dressing, normal irrigation scheme).
  • the average dry weight was the same for plants from unheated and pickled seeds without stress conditions (control group 2, test group 2).
  • the seedlings were grown for 10 days in the climatic chamber under defined conditions also as described in Example 1.
  • 2 x 10 pots of corn plants were used.
  • the control group consisted of unheated plants (solvents), the test group of drug-stained plants.
  • both plant groups were placed in a climate chamber at 45 ° C. for 2 days, white light, long day (16 h light, 8 h dark) and 70% air humidity.
  • the plants were watered 1 x per day by damming from below in a tub. After the heat stress it could be observed that - especially in the control group - the shoots of many plants had fallen over and the leaves lay flat on the ground.
  • the experiment was evaluated quantitatively according to the following criteria. After the heat treatment, the folded plants were counted and the result per pot rated: ⁇ 20% of accumulated plants has fallen over: slight damage O 20-50% of accumulated plants has fallen over: average damage ⁇
  • the plants were counted with lightening at the leaf tips.
  • the total number of plants per experimental group and cold stress treatment was 20 distributed on 2 pots each.
  • Control plot contained unheated seed. Approximately 8 days after emergence of the seed, the seedlings were in the single leaf stage and were exposed to the following temperature conditions for 5 days:
  • the plants were grown for 10 days in a climatic chamber (conditions: see Example 1). Subsequently, the plants were exposed to the following stress conditions:
  • control plants of the respective experimental group were kept under the standard conditions described in Example 1 (temperature, irrigation). After stress treatment the leaves of stressed plants as well as the unstressed control plants were harvested, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored until processing at -8O 0 C. All experiments were carried out in replicates with 2 pots each.
  • RNA microarray contains DNA sequences that in their entirety represent 13,339 genes.
  • the DNA microarrays were washed in the Affymetrix Fluidics Station, stained with streptavidin / phycoerythrin (Molecular Probes, P / N S-866) and scanned with the Agilent Gene Scanner (Agilent). The obtained fluorescence data were analyzed with the Microarray Suite 5 software from Affymetrix. After quality control, all DNA chip analyzes were stored in a database. To determine relative expression levels (induction, repression factors) the absolute
  • the respective sample set no. corresponds to:
  • Zm.11840.1.A1_at Putative N-carbamyl-L-amino acid amidohydrolase Zm.4274.1.S1_at: cytochrome P450 Zm.3040.1.S1_at uricase II (E.C.1.7.3.3); Nodule specific uricase Zm 12587.1.
  • Condition B 4-cyclopropylaminocarbonyl-N- (2-methoxybenzoyl) benzenesulfonamides (VIII-3) pickled seeds / NO heat stress
  • the induction patterns derived from Table 5, which are directly represented by the expression values obtained, show characteristic inductions by the action of the compound 4-cyclopropylaminocarbonyl-N- (2-methoxybenzoyl) benzenesulfonamides ( VIII-3), the effect on the putative N -Carbamyl-L-amino acid amidohydrolase [Zm.11840.1.A1_at] and is most pronounced on the putative serine carboxypeptidase [Zm18994.2.A1-at].
  • the respective sample set no. corresponds to: Zm.818.1.A1_at Universal Stress Protein
  • Condition B 4-cyclopropylaminocarbonyl-N- (2-methoxybenzoyl) benzenesulfonamides (VIII-3) pickled seeds / NO drought stress

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