EP1953326B1 - Flügelrahmen einer Schiebetür oder eines Schiebefensters, der einen verdeckten Pfosten umfasst - Google Patents

Flügelrahmen einer Schiebetür oder eines Schiebefensters, der einen verdeckten Pfosten umfasst Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1953326B1
EP1953326B1 EP20080352002 EP08352002A EP1953326B1 EP 1953326 B1 EP1953326 B1 EP 1953326B1 EP 20080352002 EP20080352002 EP 20080352002 EP 08352002 A EP08352002 A EP 08352002A EP 1953326 B1 EP1953326 B1 EP 1953326B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
section
frame
post
leaf
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20080352002
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1953326A1 (de
Inventor
Mathieu Portes
Manuel Rebollar
Jérôme Leroy
Robert Clauzet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Norsk Hydro ASA
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Norsk Hydro ASA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Norsk Hydro ASA filed Critical Norsk Hydro ASA
Publication of EP1953326A1 publication Critical patent/EP1953326A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1953326B1 publication Critical patent/EP1953326B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/32—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing
    • E06B3/34—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing with only one kind of movement
    • E06B3/42—Sliding wings; Details of frames with respect to guiding
    • E06B3/46—Horizontally-sliding wings
    • E06B3/4609—Horizontally-sliding wings for windows
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
    • E06B3/263—Frames with special provision for insulation
    • E06B2003/26349—Details of insulating strips
    • E06B2003/26387—Performing extra functions
    • E06B2003/26389—Holding sealing strips or forming sealing abutments
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
    • E06B3/263—Frames with special provision for insulation
    • E06B3/26347—Frames with special provision for insulation specially adapted for sliding doors or windows
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/30—Coverings, e.g. protecting against weather, for decorative purposes
    • E06B3/308—Wing frames covered on the outside by a rigidly-mounted outer frame

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to door or window frames comprising a frame and at least one sliding leaf, which find applications in the realization of closures in many areas such as private residential buildings, commercial and industrial.
  • the invention relates to a door or window frame comprising a frame and an opening slidably mounted in said frame, said frame comprising at least one frame upright defined in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the frame. opening and said opening comprising, on one of its sides facing the frame post, a sash amount defined in a direction perpendicular to the direction of sliding of said sash, said sash amount having a cross section defined in a perpendicular plane to its direction, of generally rectangular shape.
  • the sash amount penetrates into a cavity made in the frame amount and forms a sash amount hidden in whole or in part. Sealing, especially in wind and rain, is done through gaskets.
  • WO 93/12316 which relates to a sliding frame whose vertical amount of leaf has a longitudinal cavity in which a rib projecting from the bottom of a cavity of the frame is able to penetrate when the opening frame is in the closed position on the dormant frame, to improve the waterproofness.
  • the present invention aims to provide a door and / or window closure frame in which these two objectives are achieved even more satisfactorily than with prior art solutions such as for example exposed in the two documents referenced above.
  • said rib has a height less than the depth of said first cavity, and that the second cavity has a depth less than that of the first cavity.
  • said third profile is a profile with two parallel bars of thermally insulating material, these two bars being mounted in fixing cooperation respectively with said two first and second profiles.
  • said rib is formed of two longitudinal walls substantially perpendicular to the bottom of said first cavity and respectively integral with the third profile and the second section.
  • said sash amount consists of a fourth profile in which said second cavity is made, of a fifth profile made of a thermally insulating material to form a lateral heat shield, and means for securing between them the fourth and fifth sections, said fifth section being located towards said fluid buffer volume.
  • the second cavity has a cross section of a substantially "T” shape, the portion of this second cavity corresponding to the horizontal bar of the "T” forming the bottom of said second cavity, the portion corresponding to the bar vertical "T” opening on said second opening.
  • the frame according to the invention comprises at least two first seals arranged so that they are interposed between the two opposite outer side walls of the rib and the two opposite inner side walls of said second cavity when the rib has penetrated into the second cavity.
  • the frame according to the invention comprises at least two second seals respectively interposed between the two opposite inner side walls of the first cavity and the two opposite outer side walls of the sash jamb.
  • At least one of the two longitudinal walls is made of an insulating material.
  • the longitudinal wall integral with the third section is made of an insulating material.
  • the longitudinal wall of insulating material integral with the third section is located towards said fluid buffer volume.
  • the means for joining together the fourth and fifth sections are constituted by at least one of the means following: crimping, clipping.
  • the figure 3 represents, in horizontal section, a complete frame with two sliding openings according to the embodiment of the figure 2 .
  • the object of the invention comprises "at least one" element having a given function
  • the embodiment described may comprise several of these elements.
  • the embodiment of the object according to the invention as illustrated has several elements of identical function and if, in the description, it is not specified that the object according to this invention must obligatorily comprise a number particular of these elements, the object of the invention may be defined as comprising "at least one" of these elements.
  • the present invention relates to a door or window frame comprising a frame 1 generally of rectangular shape or analogous and at least one opening 2, sometimes two, slidably mounted in the frame, this frame 1 comprising at least one frame upright 10 defined in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the sliding 11 of the opening 2, generally vertical when the chassis is located in a building.
  • the opening 2 comprises, on one of its sides facing the frame upright 10, an amount of opening 12 defined in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the sliding 11 of the opening 2, that is, ie also in a generally vertical position in the case of the implantation mentioned above.
  • each opening 2 comprises at least one amount of sash as shown and referenced 12 in these two figures.
  • the sash amount 12 has a defined cross section in a plane perpendicular to its direction, of generally rectangular shape or the like.
  • the frame upright 10 comprises a first longitudinal cavity 22 opening through a first opening 23 on its face 21 facing the amount of opening 12, the width of this first opening 23 being at least equal to the width of the cross section of the sash amount 12, and a rib 24 projecting from the bottom 25 of the first cavity 22, this rib having a width smaller than that of this first cavity.
  • opening 12 As for the amount of opening 12 , it comprises a second longitudinal cavity 31 opening through a second opening 33 on its face 30 opposite the frame upright 10, the width of this second opening being at least equal to the width of the rib in projection 24.
  • the first and second cavities 22, 31 and rib 24 are arranged relative to each other so that, when the opening moves in the direction of sliding 11 in the direction of the approximation of the sash amount 12 to the amount of 10, the amount of opening 12 enters the first cavity 22 and the rib 24 enters the second cavity 31, to take a final configuration of closure as illustrated on both figures 1 and 2 .
  • the rib 24 has a height less than the depth of the first cavity 22, and the second cavity 31 has a depth less than that of the first cavity.
  • the frame upright 10 is formed of three longitudinal sections, a first outer section 41, a second inner section 42, and a third connecting section 43 for securing the first and second profiles 41, 42, this third profile. 43 being made of a thermally insulating material, for example polyamide or the like, in particular polyamide loaded with fiber, for example fiberglass.
  • this third profile 43 is formed by bar-shaped profiles, and advantageously comprises two bars 51, 52.
  • the two bars arranged substantially parallel to each other are made of a thermally insulating material and mounted in fixing cooperation respectively with the first and second sections 41, 42 to make them integral and form a rigid composite profile.
  • At least one of these two longitudinal walls 26, 27 is made of a thermally insulating material, preferably that located towards a buffer volume 55 of fluid, as will be described later, that is to say on the side of this buffer volume 55 and in contact therewith as shown in FIG. figure 2 .
  • the two longitudinal walls 26, 27 may of course be of insulating material and thus integral with the third section 43 which will provide better thermal insulation.
  • the first section 41 comprises a fluid buffer volume 55, generally air, which further opens on the first cavity 22.
  • the vertical upright frame 10 on one side of the frame is advantageously identical to the vertical upright frame 10 on the other side of the frame, in the case of a frame for opening sliding two opening like on the figure 3 , because of an advantageous reversibility of the amount 10, by simple rotation of the profile around a vertical axis.
  • the full vertical amount represented on the figure 2 is identical to the opposite vertical upright of the frame and rotated 180 ° relative to each other about a vertical axis.
  • the central amount 90 of the chassis represented on the figure 3 is illustrated only by way of example, any type of known central amount that can be used.
  • the second cavity 31 has a cross section of a substantially "T" shape, the portion 60 of this second cavity corresponding to the horizontal bar of the "T” constituting the bottom of the second cavity and the portion 61 corresponding to the vertical bar of the "T" opening on the second opening 33 to receive the rib 24 previously defined.
  • the structure described above is also interesting in that it allows, as illustrated on the figures 1 and 2 , to provide two first seals 71, 72 arranged so that they are interposed between the two opposite outer side walls of the rib 24 and the two opposite inner side walls of the second cavity 31 when the rib has penetrated into the second cavity. It allows to predict also, but as illustrated only on the figure 1 as they are more easily optional, at least two second seals 73, 74 respectively interposed between the two opposite inner side walls of the first cavity 22 and the two opposite outer side walls of the sash amount 12. It is necessary to note that on the figure 3 , grooves 91, 92 have been shown in the profiles 41 and 42 for fixing respectively the joints 73 and 74.
  • the amount of opening 12, figure 2 will consist of an assembly of a fourth section 35 in which is formed the second cavity 31, a fifth profile 36 of a thermally insulating material to form a side thermal shield and means 37 for interconnecting these fourth and fifth profiles.
  • the fifth profile 36 is advantageously located towards the fluid buffer volume 55.
  • This fifth profile 36 is advantageously made of a thermal insulating material, such as polyamide or the like, in particular polyamide loaded with fiber, for example fiberglass.
  • the means 37 for joining together the fourth and fifth sections may be of any type but advantageously constituted by at least one of the following means: crimping, clipping.
  • the amount of sash thus produced in a metal L-section and a complementary part in 1 of insulating material to form a U-shaped sash section profile also has a particular advantage of not bending under the effect of the temperature difference that can reign in the cavity 22 on either side of the walls 26 and 27 when the leaf is in the closed position. Indeed, this well-known disadvantage of the conventional amounts of sliding leaf with thermal break is advantageously absent from the solution illustrated in FIGS. figures 2 and 3 .
  • the thermal insulation of the vertical upright of the frame is obtained by the combination of the following elements: an amount 12 of the opening concealed at least in part; the presence of a buffer volume 55 of fluid in the cavity 22 of the frame; the insulating profile 36 of the opening is towards the buffer volume 55 and the entrance of the cavity 22 of the frame; the presence of at least one insulating wall 26 of the fixed frame; the profile 35 L of the opening can be metallic without the disadvantage of bending, and the profiles 41 and 43 of the frame can also be metallic.
  • the glazing 2 is mounted in the amount of the opening, for example by a U-shaped gasket placed in the U of the upright, as shown in FIG. figure 2 .
  • the vertical amount of opening can preferably be fully embedded in the vertical amount of the frame, in the closed position, that is to say recessed over its entire width or almost across its width, the joints 73 and 74 bearing then if necessary on the end of the outer opposite side walls of the amount of opening 12, one formed by the metal section 35, the other by the insulating section 36.
  • a penetration or partially embedding the width of the amount of the opening can also be achieved, according to the aesthetic sought.
  • the frame according to the invention has good thermal and sound insulation, while having a non-negligible aesthetic appearance since all the amounts can be completely or partially hidden behind the walls buildings.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Wing Frames And Configurations (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Tür- oder Fensterzarge, mit einem Rahmen (1) und einem Tür- oder Fensterflügel (2), der in dem Rahmen verschiebbar gelagert ist, wobei der Rahmen (1) zumindest einen Rahmenschenkel (10) aufweist, der in einer Richtung senkrecht zur Verschieberichtung (11) des Flügels (2) definiert ist, und der Flügel (2) an einer seiner dem Rahmenschenkel (10) gegenüberliegenden Seiten einen Flügelschenkel (12) aufweist, der in einer Richtung senkrecht zur Verschieberichtung (11) des Flügels (2) definiert ist, wobei der Flügelschenkel (12) einen Querschnitt aufweist, der in einer Ebene senkrecht zu seiner Richtung definiert ist und eine im wesentlichen rechteckförmige Gestalt aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    - der Rahmenschenkel (10) aufweist:
    * eine erste Längsausnehmung (22), die über eine erste Öffnung (23) an der Stirnseite (21) des Rahmenschenkels (10) dem Flügelschenkel (12) gegenüberliegend ausmündet, wobei die Breite der ersten Öffnung (23) zumindest gleich der Breite des Querschnitts des Flügelschenkels (12) ist, und
    * eine Rippe (24), die am Boden (25) der ersten Ausnehmung (22) vorspringend ausgebildet ist, wobei die Rippe eine kleinere Breite als die erste Ausnehmung (22) aufweist,
    - wobei der Rahmenschenkel (10) aus drei Längsprofilen gebildet ist, nämlich einem ersten Profil, Außenprofil (41) genannt, einem zweiten Profil, Innenprofil (42) genannt, und einem dritten Profil (43) zum festen Verbinden der beiden Profile, nämlich des ersten und des zweiten Profils (41, 42), wobei das dritte Profil (43) aus einem wärmeisolierenden Material besteht, und dass
    - der Flügelschenkel (12) eine zweite Längsausnehmung (31) aufweist, die über eine zweite Öffnung (33) an seiner Stirnseite (30) dem Rahmenschenkel (10) gegenüberliegend ausmündet, wobei die Breite der zweiten Öffnung zumindest gleich der Breite der vorstehenden Rippe (24) ist,
    - wobei die erste und die zweite Ausnehmung (22, 31) und die Rippe (24) so zueinander angeordnet sind, dass dann, wenn der Flügel sich in der Verschieberichtung (11) in Richtung der Annäherung des Flügelschenkels (12) zum Rahmenschenkel (10) hin verlagert, der Flügelschenkel (12) in die erste Ausnehmung (22) und die Rippe (24) in die zweite Ausnehmung (31) eingreift, und dass
    - das erste Profil (41) ein Fluidpuffervolumen (55) aufweist, dass sich zur ersten Ausnehmung (22) hin öffnet.
  2. Zarge nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die Rippe (24) eine Höhe kleiner als die Tiefe der ersten Ausnehmung (22) aufweist und dass die zweite Ausnehmung (31) eine Tiefe kleiner als die der ersten Ausnehmung aufweist.
  3. Zarge nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass das dritte Profil (43) ein Profil mit zwei parallelen Stegen (51, 52) aus wärmeisolierendem Material ist, wobei diese beiden Stege kraftschlüssig an den beiden Profilen, nämlich dem ersten und dem zweiten (41, 42), montiert sind.
  4. Zarge nach Anspruch 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die Rippe (24) aus zwei Längswandungen (26, 27) gebildet ist, die im Wesentlichen senkrecht zum Boden (25) der ersten Ausnehmung (22) verlaufen und mit dem dritten Profil (43) und mit dem zweiten Profil (42) fest verbunden sind.
  5. Zarge nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass der Flügelschenkel (12) aus einem vierten Profil (35) besteht, in welchem die zweite Ausnehmung (31) ausgebildet ist, sowie aus einem fünften Profil (36) aus wärmeisolierendem Material, um einen seitlichen Hitzeschild zu bilden, sowie aus Mitteln (37) zum festen Verbinden des vierten und des fünften Profils miteinander, wobei das fünfte Profil zum Fluidpuffervolumen (55) hin liegt.
  6. Zarge nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
    gekennzeichnet,
    dass die zweite Ausnehmung (31) einen im wesentlichen T-förmigen Querschnitt hat, wobei der dem horizontal verlaufenden Steg der T-Form entsprechende Abschnitt (60) dieser zweiten Ausnehmung den Boden der zweiten Ausnehmung bildet, und der dem vertikalen Steg der T-Form entsprechende Abschnitt (61) zur zweiten Öffnung (33) hin ausmündet.
  7. Zarge nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass sie zumindest zwei erste Dichtungen (71, 72) aufweist, die so angeordnet sind, dass sie zwischen die beiden entgegengesetzten äußeren Seitenwandungen der Rippe (24) und die beiden entgegengesetzten inneren Seitenwandungen der zweiten Ausnehmung (31) eingefügt werden, wenn die Rippe in die zweite Ausnehmung eingetreten ist.
  8. Zarge nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass sie zumindest zwei zweite Dichtungen (73, 74) aufweist, die zwischen die beiden entgegengesetzten inneren Seitenwandungen der ersten Ausnehmung (22) und zwischen die beiden entgegengesetzten äußeren Seitenwandungen des Flügelschenkels (12) eingefügt sind.
  9. Zarge nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche in Abhängigkeit von Anspruch 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass zumindest eine der beiden Längswandungen (26, 27) aus einem Isolier material besteht.
  10. Zarge nach Anspruch 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die fest mit dem dritten Profil (43) verbundene Längswand (26) aus einem Isoliermaterial besteht.
  11. Zarge nach Ansprüche 1 und 10,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die fest mit dem dritten Profil (43) verbundene Längswand (26) aus Isoliermaterial zum Fluidpuffervolumen (55) hin liegt.
  12. Zarge nach Anspruch 10,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die Mittel (37) zum festen Verbinden des vierten und des fünften Profils miteinander aus zumindest einem der nachfolgenden Mittel bestehen: Bördelung, Clipverbindung.
EP20080352002 2007-02-02 2008-01-30 Flügelrahmen einer Schiebetür oder eines Schiebefensters, der einen verdeckten Pfosten umfasst Active EP1953326B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0700739A FR2912180A1 (fr) 2007-02-02 2007-02-02 Chassis de porte ou fenetre a ouvrant coulissant comportant un montant vertical d'ouvrant cache.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1953326A1 EP1953326A1 (de) 2008-08-06
EP1953326B1 true EP1953326B1 (de) 2013-05-01

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20080352002 Active EP1953326B1 (de) 2007-02-02 2008-01-30 Flügelrahmen einer Schiebetür oder eines Schiebefensters, der einen verdeckten Pfosten umfasst

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Country Link
EP (1) EP1953326B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2423678T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2912180A1 (de)
PT (1) PT1953326E (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2951768B1 (fr) 2009-10-27 2011-12-23 Norsk Hydro As Montant pour cadre de baie de batiment
CN102031923B (zh) * 2010-12-01 2012-07-25 江苏锦绣铝业有限公司 一种隔热隔音门窗的结构
CN102220824B (zh) * 2011-04-21 2012-10-10 江苏锦绣铝业有限公司 一种密封铝合金平开窗
CN105201352B (zh) * 2015-09-15 2016-09-21 黄石市劲鑫塑胶科技有限公司 一种铝塑复合重型推拉门
FR3063511B1 (fr) * 2017-03-01 2022-06-03 Sapa As Dispositif d’isolation thermique d’une menuiserie et menuiserie le comprenant
CN110630157A (zh) * 2019-10-24 2019-12-31 北京金诺迪迈幕墙装饰工程有限公司 一种被动式内开门窗的单保温隔热增强结构
GR1010632B (el) * 2021-07-30 2024-02-12 Πλαστικα Νοτιοανατολικης Ευρωπης - Μονοπροσωπη Εταιρεια Περιορισμενης Ευθυνης, Σταθερο πλαισιο διαχωριστικου με θερμοδιακοπη
CN113585939B (zh) * 2021-08-25 2022-07-26 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 一种电力设施厂界声环境质量改善用隔声门系统

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1420069A (fr) * 1964-07-23 1965-12-03 Armstadt Mfg Ltd Châssis démontable pour portes et fenêtres
IT1252246B (it) * 1991-12-10 1995-06-05 Hydro Aluminium Systems Spa Complesso di profilati metallici per serramenti ad ante scorrevoli
IT1254553B (it) * 1992-03-24 1995-09-25 Struttura di profilati con taglio termico, per la realizzazione di infissi ad ante scorrevoli.
FR2801337B1 (fr) 1999-11-22 2002-01-18 Technal Nouveau chassis de porte ou fenetre coulissante
US7520093B2 (en) 2004-01-13 2009-04-21 Beat Guhl Frame construction of a sliding door

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Publication number Publication date
EP1953326A1 (de) 2008-08-06
PT1953326E (pt) 2013-08-23
ES2423678T3 (es) 2013-09-23
FR2912180A1 (fr) 2008-08-08

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