EP1951934A1 - Elektrochemische abscheidung von selen in ionischen flüssigkeiten - Google Patents
Elektrochemische abscheidung von selen in ionischen flüssigkeitenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1951934A1 EP1951934A1 EP06791833A EP06791833A EP1951934A1 EP 1951934 A1 EP1951934 A1 EP 1951934A1 EP 06791833 A EP06791833 A EP 06791833A EP 06791833 A EP06791833 A EP 06791833A EP 1951934 A1 EP1951934 A1 EP 1951934A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pyrrolidinium
- imidazolium
- methyl
- hydroxyethyl
- hydroxybutyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 125000003748 selenium group Chemical group *[Se]* 0.000 title description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical group [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- -1 tetraalkylphosphonium cation Chemical class 0.000 claims description 88
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- JFZKOODUSFUFIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro phosphate Chemical compound FOP(=O)(OF)OF JFZKOODUSFUFIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- SVONMDAUOJGXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 SVONMDAUOJGXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910004013 NO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- PXELHGDYRQLRQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 PXELHGDYRQLRQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JWPBORWCDZAHAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1-octylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 JWPBORWCDZAHAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZGZLRWJZGFRHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-methylimidazol-3-ium-1-yl)ethanol Chemical compound CN1C=C[N+](CCO)=C1 ZGZLRWJZGFRHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- JKOADRMSALOJAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dihexylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+]1(CCCCCC)CCCC1 JKOADRMSALOJAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WQDKVNGDAHQCDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decyl-1-hexylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[N+]1(CCCCCC)CCCC1 WQDKVNGDAHQCDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XIPZVAFVVCJUQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptyl-1-hexylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCC[N+]1(CCCCCC)CCCC1 XIPZVAFVVCJUQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XGWCAUNVXQXUIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyl-1-nonylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[N+]1(CCCCCC)CCCC1 XGWCAUNVXQXUIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AROZXIPMFUNQLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyl-1-octylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+]1(CCCCCC)CCCC1 AROZXIPMFUNQLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HBDRSCGXYGFKFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazol-1-ium-1-yl]propan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCC[N+]=1C=CN(CCO)C=1 HBDRSCGXYGFKFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CROSHWMSKMXXDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[3-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazol-1-ium-1-yl]butan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCC[N+]=1C=CN(CCO)C=1 CROSHWMSKMXXDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MYYZRUIUROBMBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[3-(3-hydroxypropyl)imidazol-3-ium-1-yl]butan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCCN1C=C[N+](CCCO)=C1 MYYZRUIUROBMBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanide Chemical compound [CH3-] LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003342 selenium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- YXJSMCZTRWECJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-1-ethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1(CC)CCCC1 YXJSMCZTRWECJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BIUUTLHYFPFWRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-tris(2-methylpropyl)phosphanium Chemical compound CC(C)C[P+](C)(CC(C)C)CC(C)C BIUUTLHYFPFWRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-fluorosulfonylsulfamoyl fluoride Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)NS(F)(=O)=O KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HOMONHWYLOPSLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl(ethyl)phosphanium Chemical compound CCCC[P+](CC)(CCCC)CCCC HOMONHWYLOPSLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XKFPGUWSSPXXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl(methyl)phosphanium Chemical compound CCCC[P+](C)(CCCC)CCCC XKFPGUWSSPXXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PYVOHVLEZJMINC-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[P+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC PYVOHVLEZJMINC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZKUWNFAAKJBRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-butylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)methanol Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1(CO)CCCC1 ZKUWNFAAKJBRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KBRPUSYDCBZSJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-ethylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)methanol Chemical compound CC[N+]1(CO)CCCC1 KBRPUSYDCBZSJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OOEBATDQOMBMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)methanol Chemical compound OC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 OOEBATDQOMBMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YVQWDMIFHBOEJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)methanol Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(CO)CCCC1 YVQWDMIFHBOEJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KXJPFYHAMWXPCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-butylimidazol-1-ium-1-yl)methanol Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](CO)=C1 KXJPFYHAMWXPCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VEVZQYCSTFYXOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-ethylimidazol-1-ium-1-yl)methanol Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](CO)=C1 VEVZQYCSTFYXOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BBERJYHBIYXBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-propylimidazol-1-ium-1-yl)methanol Chemical compound CCCN1C=C[N+](CO)=C1 BBERJYHBIYXBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QIAZNDAYSCULMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dibutylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1(CCCC)CCCC1 QIAZNDAYSCULMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MVHJNCLVABFYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-didecylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[N+]1(CCCCCCCCCC)CCCC1 MVHJNCLVABFYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PWZSCBSKFVJMJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-diethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]1(CC)CCCC1 PWZSCBSKFVJMJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MOUSJWBVFFBHRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-diheptylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCC[N+]1(CCCCCCC)CCCC1 MOUSJWBVFFBHRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GARJMFRQLMUUDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1(C)CCCC1 GARJMFRQLMUUDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LXOSCSSPCCNKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dioctylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+]1(CCCCCCCC)CCCC1 LXOSCSSPCCNKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PUNOSRMSQRHNLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dipentylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCC[N+]1(CCCCC)CCCC1 PUNOSRMSQRHNLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WBHKHVSKPJNNQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dipropylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(CCC)CCCC1 WBHKHVSKPJNNQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PLBBYYNJEHFECS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-1-decylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[N+]1(CCCC)CCCC1 PLBBYYNJEHFECS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FMSXPWVTZLNVHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-1-heptylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCC[N+]1(CCCC)CCCC1 FMSXPWVTZLNVHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ISRFWLYSLBASFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-1-hexylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+]1(CCCC)CCCC1 ISRFWLYSLBASFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ILEUMJQBHUIAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-1-nonylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[N+]1(CCCC)CCCC1 ILEUMJQBHUIAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WNUMOMQLEHPHJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-1-octylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+]1(CCCC)CCCC1 WNUMOMQLEHPHJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YBKRPLNRDHUION-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-1-pentylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCC[N+]1(CCCC)CCCC1 YBKRPLNRDHUION-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HODMCOIBCPNLAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1(CCC)CCCC1 HODMCOIBCPNLAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WCDJCIZOGUUMJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decyl-1-ethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[N+]1(CC)CCCC1 WCDJCIZOGUUMJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RUKAFAVBJNZIMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decyl-1-heptylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[N+]1(CCCCCCC)CCCC1 RUKAFAVBJNZIMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YPKUOQRBNZPMAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 YPKUOQRBNZPMAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YKESTDZOVLJXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decyl-1-pentylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[N+]1(CCCCC)CCCC1 YKESTDZOVLJXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PVHVCSARNZGEAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decyl-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[N+]1(CCC)CCCC1 PVHVCSARNZGEAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PAYARTBUZGCOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-1-heptylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCC[N+]1(CC)CCCC1 PAYARTBUZGCOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VNVSNJDXLYCKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-1-hexylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+]1(CC)CCCC1 VNVSNJDXLYCKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NIHOUJYFWMURBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 NIHOUJYFWMURBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GJGKIAQBXIXHST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-1-nonylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[N+]1(CC)CCCC1 GJGKIAQBXIXHST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KIJDSYJKWLPZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-1-octylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+]1(CC)CCCC1 KIJDSYJKWLPZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BUPNNPKTBYFKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-1-pentylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCC[N+]1(CC)CCCC1 BUPNNPKTBYFKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QNXMTMCQDZQADU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(CC)CCCC1 QNXMTMCQDZQADU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XZDPRAGZNFQVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 XZDPRAGZNFQVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OHLOVGBCBDFCNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptyl-1-nonylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[N+]1(CCCCCCC)CCCC1 OHLOVGBCBDFCNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XTGOIQCVRRNXNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptyl-1-octylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+]1(CCCCCCC)CCCC1 XTGOIQCVRRNXNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WDOMGVJEVDMYAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptyl-1-pentylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCC[N+]1(CCCCC)CCCC1 WDOMGVJEVDMYAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BRBIHAQFQIFSDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptyl-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCC[N+]1(CCC)CCCC1 BRBIHAQFQIFSDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FKBYITRYIIAMSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyl-1-pentylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+]1(CCCCC)CCCC1 FKBYITRYIIAMSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QUCGEEIXOHYZCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyl-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+]1(CCC)CCCC1 QUCGEEIXOHYZCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LMSPMULSARFKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1-nonylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 LMSPMULSARFKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RRYKUXCBJXYIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1-pentylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 RRYKUXCBJXYIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YQFWGCSKGJMGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 YQFWGCSKGJMGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DQFPYJGJBDHTAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonyl-1-octylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[N+]1(CCCCCCCC)CCCC1 DQFPYJGJBDHTAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SQNQYKHBPGSNRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonyl-1-pentylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[N+]1(CCCCC)CCCC1 SQNQYKHBPGSNRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OPMLTMOJVRKEFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonyl-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[N+]1(CCC)CCCC1 OPMLTMOJVRKEFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YWVAERUMTYYRBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octyl-1-pentylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+]1(CCCCC)CCCC1 YWVAERUMTYYRBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OOEBEUFXBPCKMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octyl-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+]1(CCC)CCCC1 OOEBEUFXBPCKMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NDPHLMDQAUCGNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1-butylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)ethanol Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1(CCO)CCCC1 NDPHLMDQAUCGNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GGNFSHMDTJHQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)ethanol Chemical compound OCC[N+]1(CC)CCCC1 GGNFSHMDTJHQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LDJQSBUDLXCWRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)ethanol Chemical compound OCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 LDJQSBUDLXCWRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GBUDBMKIXILJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)ethanol Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(CCO)CCCC1 GBUDBMKIXILJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LDPLFDDQVOYUFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-butylimidazol-3-ium-1-yl)ethanol Chemical compound CCCC[N+]=1C=CN(CCO)C=1 LDPLFDDQVOYUFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GFNBXRZHUSGVDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-ethylimidazol-1-ium-1-yl)ethanol Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](CCO)=C1 GFNBXRZHUSGVDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GZGCSDDVMNLPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-propylimidazol-3-ium-1-yl)ethanol Chemical compound CCC[N+]=1C=CN(CCO)C=1 GZGCSDDVMNLPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DGGABWSTMPGDPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazol-3-ium-1-yl]ethanol Chemical compound OCCN1C=C[N+](CCO)=C1 DGGABWSTMPGDPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UNLQIRXDGQFNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1-butylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1(CCCO)CCCC1 UNLQIRXDGQFNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCXNIZVQQSKHEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)propan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCC[N+]1(CC)CCCC1 HCXNIZVQQSKHEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GVECPPQYIUUGEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)propan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 GVECPPQYIUUGEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HIPFJLVAAYVWTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)propan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCC[N+]1(CCC)CCCC1 HIPFJLVAAYVWTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FOWQARDLXGAQRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-butylimidazol-1-ium-1-yl)propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](CCCO)=C1 FOWQARDLXGAQRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LHCYGBJTVGBXMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-ethylimidazol-1-ium-1-yl)propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](CCCO)=C1 LHCYGBJTVGBXMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZFXCYNGTSCSHND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-methylimidazol-3-ium-1-yl)propan-1-ol Chemical compound CN1C=C[N+](CCCO)=C1 ZFXCYNGTSCSHND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GZBDPALRWLLVBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-propylimidazol-3-ium-1-yl)propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC[N+]=1C=CN(CCCO)C=1 GZBDPALRWLLVBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PUBXWGIBQLCGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-(3-hydroxypropyl)imidazol-3-ium-1-yl]propan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCN1C=C[N+](CCCO)=C1 PUBXWGIBQLCGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YLZOIGIGIUGUSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-(hydroxymethyl)imidazol-3-ium-1-yl]propan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCN1C=C[N+](CO)=C1 YLZOIGIGIUGUSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ICVJRSZVDGARPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1-butylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)butan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCC[N+]1(CCCC)CCCC1 ICVJRSZVDGARPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OWQCSRQHMPMJOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)butan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCC[N+]1(CC)CCCC1 OWQCSRQHMPMJOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VEQDOHACAIHPFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)butan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 VEQDOHACAIHPFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WHTFCBOOYUIFFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)butan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCC[N+]1(CCC)CCCC1 WHTFCBOOYUIFFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000006276 2-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Br)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004182 2-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Cl)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004198 2-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(F)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002941 2-furyl group Chemical group O1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006304 2-iodophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(I)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004485 2-pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000389 2-pyrrolyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000175 2-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005809 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(OC([H])([H])[H])C(OC([H])([H])[H])=C(OC([H])([H])[H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004211 3,5-difluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(F)C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1F 0.000 description 1
- 125000006275 3-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Br)=C([H])C(*)=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004179 3-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(Cl)=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003682 3-furyl group Chemical group O1C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl Chemical group [CH2]CCO QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006305 3-iodophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(I)=C([H])C(*)=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004575 3-pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001397 3-pyrrolyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001541 3-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004800 4-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Br 0.000 description 1
- SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-butyl Chemical group [CH2]CCCO SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006306 4-iodophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1I 0.000 description 1
- 125000004172 4-methoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(OC([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000590 4-methylphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000339 4-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- KDDQRKBRJSGMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-thiazolyl Chemical compound [C]1=CSC=N1 KDDQRKBRJSGMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004539 5-benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=CNC2=C1C=CC(=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- CWDWFSXUQODZGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-thiazolyl Chemical group [C]1=CN=CS1 CWDWFSXUQODZGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- JWGDZBCGDTXZLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1N(C=CN1CO)CCO Chemical compound C1N(C=CN1CO)CCO JWGDZBCGDTXZLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZSJXAHBNZXKSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-methyl-1-octylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F IZSJXAHBNZXKSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQWLFOMXECTXNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methylsulfonyl-trifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[C-](S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F UQWLFOMXECTXNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HVMJUDPAXRRVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper indium Chemical group [Cu].[In] HVMJUDPAXRRVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001162 cycloheptenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002100 cyclohexa-1,3-dienyl group Chemical group [H]C1([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002150 cyclohexa-1,4-dienyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])(*)C([H])=C([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002433 cyclopentenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- INOMZHMKUGNJGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoro(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)borane Chemical compound B(OC(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F INOMZHMKUGNJGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZMSCISMJPBPSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)borane Chemical compound FB(F)OC(F)(F)F LZMSCISMJPBPSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZEMEJKDTZOXOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Ga+3].[Ga+3].[Se-2].[Se-2].[Se-2] ZZEMEJKDTZOXOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006501 nitrophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004365 octenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005069 octynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 1
- 125000005981 pentynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000286 phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004346 phenylpentyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)CCCCC* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004344 phenylpropyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- IWZKICVEHNUQTL-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogen phthalate Chemical compound [K+].OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O IWZKICVEHNUQTL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002206 pyridazin-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)N=N1 0.000 description 1
- 125000004940 pyridazin-4-yl group Chemical group N1=NC=C(C=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006513 pyridinyl methyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000246 pyrimidin-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=NC(*)=NC([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004527 pyrimidin-4-yl group Chemical group N1=CN=C(C=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004528 pyrimidin-5-yl group Chemical group N1=CN=CC(=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004943 pyrimidin-6-yl group Chemical group N1=CN=CC=C1* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCZXMDQFIVMWMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethoxyboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)OC(F)(F)F CCZXMDQFIVMWMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/66—Electroplating: Baths therefor from melts
- C25D3/665—Electroplating: Baths therefor from melts from ionic liquids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/54—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of metals not provided for in groups C25D3/04 - C25D3/50
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the electrochemical deposition of selenium on a substrate in an ionic liquid.
- Selenium has a number of properties that make it suitable for many applications in photovoltaics and electronics.
- Selenium is a photosemiconductor that changes its conductivity by several orders of magnitude when exposed to visible light (magnified).
- selenium is transparent to wavelengths greater than 650 nm.
- selenium is used as a constituent in thin-film solar cells in combination with Cu and indium, as described, for example, in DE 44 47 866 or in DE 199 177 58.
- all layer components are deposited by evaporation or only copper or indium are applied by electroplating.
- the selenium is preferably applied in both cases via the gas phase in an evaporator.
- Electrolysis of selenium describes US 2,414,438.
- the deposition takes place in aqueous alkaline solutions of ammonium, alkali metal or Erdalkalimetallseleniden.
- the deposition is difficult, however, since in the room temperature range usually amorphous or glassy red selenium is deposited, which has a poor electron conductivity. Only at higher temperatures is a gray, metallic phase separated, but the deposits do not exist even at temperatures around 100 0 C singular gray selenium. Higher temperatures, which would promote the deposition of gray selenium, are excluded in open galvanic baths. However, the electrochemical deposition would allow continuous operation in the form of a Badgalvanik without closed evaporator or sputtering facilities.
- the object is achieved by the method according to the invention.
- the invention relates to a process for the electrochemical deposition of gray selenium on a substrate in at least one ionic liquid.
- the deposition of gray selenium takes place on a wide variety of substrates in a wide variety of applications.
- the deposition may serve solely for the deposition of selenium, but it may also be used in connection with the deposition of other materials, e.g. Copper or indium can be used.
- ionic liquids which are suitable for the process according to the invention are highly conductive and as a rule thermally stable up to 400 ° C.
- ionic liquids are used which are electrochemically stable under the deposition conditions described below.
- you have an electrochemical window in the cathodic branch which ranges from 0 mV to -3500 mV against ferrocene / ferrocinium, preferably from -2000 mV to -3000 mV against ferrocene / ferrocinium.
- suitable ionic liquids have an electrochemical window ranging from 0 mV to +3500 mv against ferrocene / ferrocinium, preferably from +2000 to +3000 mV against ferrocene / ferrocinium.
- the information refers to the measuring arrangements and conditions given below.
- Suitable ionic liquids contain in particular at least one tetraalkylammonium, tetraalkylphosphonium cation, wherein the
- Alkyl groups each independently of one another may have 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a heterocyclic cation selected from
- R 1 'to R 4 ' are each independently hydrogen, -CN, -OR ', -NR' 2> -P (O) R ' 2 , -P (O) (NR ⁇ ) 2 , -C (O) R 1 , straight-chain or branched alkyl having 1-20 C atoms, straight-chain or branched alkenyl having 2-20 C atoms and one or more double bonds, straight-chain or branched alkynyl having 2-20 C atoms and one or more triple bonds, saturated, partially or fully unsaturated cycloalkyl having 3-7 C atoms, which may be substituted by alkyl groups having 1-6 C atoms, saturated, partially or fully unsaturated heteroaryl, heteroaryl-C r C 6 alkyl or aryl-CrC ⁇ -alkyl where the substituents R 1 ', R 2 ', R 3 'and / or R 4 ' together can also form a ring system, wherein one or more
- R 2 'or R 3 ' is, in each case independently of one another, in particular hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl or benzyl.
- R 2 ' is particularly preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, butyl or sec-butyl.
- R 2 'and R 3 ' are hydrogen.
- the C 1 -C 12 -alkyl group is, for example, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, butyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl, and also pentyl, 1-, 2- or 3-methylbutyl, 1, 1, 1, 2- or 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl propyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl or dodecyl.
- a straight-chain or branched alkenyl having 2 to 20 C atoms, wherein several double bonds may also be present, is, for example, allyl, 2- or 3-butenyl, isobutenyl, sec-butenyl, furthermore 4-pentenyl, isopentenyl, hexenyl, Heptenyl, octenyl, -CgHi 7 , -Ci 0 Hi 9 to -C 2 oH 39 ; preferably allyl, 2- or 3-butenyl, isobutenyl, sec-butenyl, furthermore preferred is 4-pentenyl, iso-pentenyl or hexenyl.
- a straight-chain or branched alkynyl having 2 to 20 C atoms, wherein a plurality of triple bonds may also be present, is, for example, ethynyl, 1- or 2-propynyl, 2- or 3-butynyl, furthermore 4-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, hexynyl, Heptynyl, octynyl, -C 9 Hi 5 , -C 10 H 17 to -C 20 H 37 , preferably ethynyl, 1- or 2-propynyl, 2- or 3-butynyl, 4-pentynyl, 3
- Pentynyl or hexynyl Pentynyl or hexynyl.
- Aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl is, for example, benzyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl, phenylbutyl, phenylpentyl or phenylhexyl, where both the phenyl ring and the alkylene chain, as described above, partially or completely with halogens, in particular -F and / or -Cl, or partially with -OR ', -CN, -C (O) OH, -C (O) NR' 2 , -SO 2 NR 1 S , -C (O) X, -SO 2 OH, -SO 2 X, -NO 2 may be substituted.
- Cycloalkyl groups having 3-7 C atoms are therefore cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopenta-1, 3-dienyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexa-1,3-dienyl, cyclohexa-1,4-dienyl, phenyl, Cycloheptenyl, cyclohepta-1, 3-dienyl, cyclohepta-1, 4-dienyl or cyclohepta-1, 5-dienyl, which may be substituted with Cr to C 6 alkyl groups, in turn, the cycloalkyl group or with Cr to Ce- alkyl groups substituted cycloalkyl group with halogen atoms such as F, Cl, Br or I, in particular F or Cl or with -OR ', -CN, -C (O) OH,
- examples are so modified
- R ' C 3 - to C 7 -cycloalkyl, for example cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,
- substituted phenyl by Cr to C 6 alkyl, is C to C 6 alkenyl, NO 2 , F, Cl, Br, I, C r C 6 alkoxy, SCF 3 , SO 2 CF 3 , COOH , SO 2 X 1 , SO 2 NR " 2 or SO 3 H-substituted phenyl, where X 'is F, Cl or Br and R" is a non, partially or perfluorinated C r to C 6 -alkyl or C 3 - to C 7 - Cycloalkyl as defined for R 1 , for example, o-, m- or p-methylphenyl, o-, m- or p-ethylphenyl, o-, m- or p-propylphenyl, o-, m- or p-isopropylphenyl, o-, m- or p-tert-butylphenyl, o-
- R 1 'to R 4 ' is understood as a heteroaryl saturated or unsaturated mono- or bicyclic heterocyclic radical having 5 to 13 ring members, where 1, 2 or 3 N and / or 1 or 2 S or O atoms may be present and the heterocyclic radical is mono- or polysubstituted by Cr to Ce-alkyl, C 1 to C 6 -alkenyl, NO 2 , F, Cl, Br, I, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, 1 SCF 3 ,
- SO 2 CF 3 COOH, SO 2 X ', SO 2 NR " 2 or SO 3 H may be substituted, wherein X' and R" have the meaning given above.
- the heterocyclic radical is preferably substituted or unsubstituted 2- or 3-furyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 1-, 2- or 3-pyrrolyl, 1-, 2-, 4- or 5-imidazolyl, 3-, 4- or 5-pyrazolyl, 2-, 4- or 5-oxazolyl, 3-, 4- or 5-isoxazolyl, 2-, 4- or 5-thiazolyl, 3-, 4- or 5-isothiazolyl, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl, 2-, 4-, 5- or 6-pyrimidinyl, furthermore preferably 1, 2,3-triazole-1, -4- or -5-yl, 1, 2,4-triazole-1 , -4- or -5-yl, 1- or 5-tetrazolyl, 1, 2,3-oxadiazol-4 or -5-yl 1, 2,4-ox
- heteroaryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl by analogy with aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, pyridinyl-methyl, pyridinyl-ethyl, pyridinyl-propyl, pyridinyl-butyl, pyridinyl-pentyl, pyridinyl-hexyl is now understood, in which case the previously described heterocycles can be linked in this way with the alkylene chain.
- R 1 'to R 4 ' are in particular alkyl groups having 1 to 10 C atoms or hydroxyalkyl groups having 1 to 10 C atoms.
- Particularly suitable ionic liquids include
- alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is meant, for example, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, butyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl, and also pentyl, 1-, 2- or 3-methylbutyl, 1, 1 -, 1, 2- or 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl or decyl.
- the alkyl groups may also be partially or completely substituted by fluorine.
- Fluorinated alkyl groups are, for example, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, pentafluoropropyl, heptafluoropropyl, heptafluorobutyl or nonafluorobutyl.
- a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is meant, for example, 1-hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, and also 5-hydroxypentyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl, 7-hydroxyheptyl, 8-hydroxyoctyl, 9-hydroxynonyl or 10-hydroxydecyl.
- the alkylene chain of the hydroxy group can also be partially or completely substituted by fluorine.
- Fluorinated hydroxyalkyl groups can be described, for example, by the subformula - (CHF) n -OH or - (CF 2 ) n -OH, where n can denote 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.
- Suitable anions which, in combination with the cations according to the invention, fulfill the aforementioned condition with regard to stability, may be selected from the group PF 6 , BF 4 , alkylsulfate, perfluoroalkylsulfonate, perfluoroacetate, bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, bis (perfluoroalkylsulfonyl) imide, tris (perfluoroalkyl) trifluorophosphate, bis (perfluoroalkyl) tetrafluorophosphate, tris (perfluoroalkylsulfonyl) methide or perfluoroalkylborate.
- perfluoroalkyl group means that all H atoms of the corresponding alkyl group are replaced by F atoms.
- the alkyl or perfluoroalkyl groups in the indicated anions in each case independently of one another have 1 to 10 C atoms, more preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4 C atoms.
- Anions which are suitable according to the invention can be selected, for example, from the group trifluoromethylsulfonate, pentafluoroethylsulfonate, heptafluoropropylsulfonate, nonafluorobutylsulfonate, bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, perfluoroacetate, bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, bis (pentafluoroethylsulfonyl) imide, bis (heptafluoropropylsulfonyl) imide, bis ( nonafluorobutylsulfonyl) imide, tris (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) methide, tris (pentafluoroethylsulfonyl) methide ) tris (heptafluoropropylsulfonyl) methide, tris (nonafluorobut
- perfluoroalkyl groups may independently of one another denote different perfluoroalkyl groups.
- the above definition therefore also includes, for example, mixed anions such as trifluoromethylsulfonyl pentafluoroethylsulfonylimide, bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfonylpentafluoroethylsulfonylmethide.
- the anions of the group trifluoromethanesulfonate, bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide or tris (pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate are particularly preferably selected.
- Suitable cations are, in particular, optionally linear or branched, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, tetrapropylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, tetrapentylammonium, tetrahexylammonium, tetraheptylammonium, tetraoctylammonium, tetranonylammonium, tetradecylammonium, trimethylalkylammonium, trimethyl (ethyl) ammonium, triethyl (methyl) ammonium, trihexylammonium, methyl (trioctyl) ammonium, tetramethylphosphonium, tetraethylphosphonium, tetrapropylphosphonium, tetrabutylphosphonium, tetrapentylphosphonium, tetrahexylphosphonium,
- Particularly suitable cations are tetramethylammonium, trimethylalkylammonium, it being possible for the alkyl group to have 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular trihexyltetradecylphosphonium, triisobutyl (methyl) phosphonium, tributyl (ethyl) phosphonium, tributyl (methyl) phosphonium, moreover preferably 1 Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-butyl-1-ethylpyrrolidinium, 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-methyl-1-octylpyrrolidinium or 1- (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-methyl-imidazolium, are particularly suitable cations 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-methyl-1-octylpyrrolidinium or 1- (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-methyl-imidazolium.
- Particularly suitable ionic liquids for use in the process according to the invention are 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tris (pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate, 1-hexyl -1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate,
- selenium ions are dissolved in a suitable ionic liquid as described above.
- Suitable selenium salts are, for example, selenetetrahalides, e.g. Selenium tetrachloride or selenetetrabromide, but also selenium dioxide. In principle, any selenium salt is suitable that allows a selenium deposition under the conditions mentioned.
- the ion concentration in the ionic liquid to the metal deposition is preferably from 10 "5 to 10 mol / l. Preferably, with an ionic concentration of 10" worked 3 to 10 "1 mole / l.
- the deposition according to the invention takes place in a protective gas atmosphere, for example under argon, the oxygen and water content and in particular the water content should be below 1 ppm.
- the deposition is carried out in a 3-electrode cell as known to those skilled in the art (for example, AJ Bard, LR Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods, Wiley).
- a 3-electrode cell as known to those skilled in the art (for example, AJ Bard, LR Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods, Wiley).
- platinum or selenium electrodes as counter and reference electrodes.
- all metals or carbon can be used as electrode materials, as long as the products formed at the counter electrode, the processes at the Do not disturb the working electrode, ie as long as the electrode materials are not deposited together with selenium under the experimental conditions.
- the selection of suitable materials is carried out within the scope of the skilled person.
- the inventive method is preferably carried out potentiostatically, at electrode potentials between 0 and -2000 mV and at temperatures between 1O 0 C and 23O 0 C, preferably between 100 0 C to 150 ° C. 0
- the method according to the invention can also be carried out by means of pulsed techniques, as known to the person skilled in the art, for example as described in J.-C. Puippe, F. Leaman, Pulse-Plating: Electrolytic Metal Deposition with Pulsed Current, Eugen G. Leuze Verlag,
- gray selenium can be used in any layer thicknesses, e.g. be deposited between 200 .mu.m and 300 .mu.m in micro- or nanocrystalline opaque layers.
- the desired layer thickness is controlled via the electrode potential and the flowed charge as well as the electrochemical parameters.
- F Faraday constant
- A area
- p density of the metal
- I current
- Figure 1 shows a cyclic voltammogram of an approximately 0.1 molar solution of SeCl 4 in 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (BMP Tf 2 N) at room temperature on Au (111).
- BMP Tf 2 N 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide
- +0.5 volt shows an oxidation process, wherein the ratio of the flowed anodic to the cathodic currents is significantly less than 1.
- Figure 3 shows the morphology of selenium deposits deposited at 15O 0 C from SeCU in BMP Tf2N.
- XRD X-ray diffraction, cobalt K alpha as X-ray
- Suitable substrates are for example selectable from all categories, for example non-metals, semi-metals, metals, metal alloys, conductive or metallized ceramics or conductive or metallized plastics are possible.
- a preferred nonmetal is, for example, graphite.
- a preferred semi-metal is, for example, silicon.
- Preferred metals are, for example, gold, platinum, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel or molybdenum.
- Preferred metal alloys are, for example, a wide variety of steels or nickel alloys.
- suitable substrates may already already consist of several layers onto which a further layer as an intermediate layer or final layer of selenium is applied by the process according to the invention. The enumeration of the substrates is therefore in no way to be construed as limiting. The person skilled in the respective field of application can make the selection of the suitable substrate without further information.
- the ionic liquid can be washed out with organic solvents.
- organic solvents are, for example, toluene, benzene, methylene chloride,
- Acetonitrile, acetone, methanol, ethanol or isopropanol When using selenium tetrachloride, this can be removed, for example, by heating in vacuo by distillation from the ionic liquid.
- substrates which are coated by the method according to the invention.
- ionic liquids for deposition, preferably for electrochemical deposition, of gray selenium on a substrate is another object of the present invention.
- Example 1 Deposition of Selenium from SeCl4_to Gold
- a solution of SeCU in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide is prepared and transferred under protective gas atmosphere at room temperature in the 3-Elektrodenmeßzelle.
- a typical 3-electrode measuring cell was used, as described, for example, in AJ. Bard and L.R. Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods, Wiley.
- the 3-electrode measuring cell has a gold electrode as the working electrode (cathode) and platinum wires serve as quasi-reference and counter-electrode.
- the electrode potential is at -1500 mV vs. Platinum quasi-reference set.
- the deposition of selenium begins at -1000 mV.
- Example 2 Separation of Selenium from Seq / j on Platinum Analogously to Example 1, a 0.25 molar solution of SeBr 4 in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide is prepared and under protective gas atmosphere transferred at room temperature in the 3-Elektrodenmeßzelle.
- a typical 3-electrode measuring cell was used, as described, for example, in AJ. Bard and LR Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods, Wiley.
- the 3-electrode measuring cell has as a working electrode (cathode) a platinum electrode and platinum wires serve as quasi-reference and
- the electrode potential is at -1500 mV vs. Platinum quasi-reference set.
- the deposition of selenium begins at -1000 mV.
- Example 3 Separation of Selenium from SeBu on Indium Analogously to Example 1, a 0.25 molar solution of SeBr 4 in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide is prepared and incubated in a protective gas atmosphere at room temperature in the Transferred electrode measuring cell.
- a typical 3-electrode measuring cell was used, as described, for example, in AJ. Bard and LR Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods, Wiley.
- the 3-electrode measuring cell has an indium electrode as the working electrode (cathode) and platinum wires serve as a quasi-reference and counterelectrode.
- the electrode potential is at -1500 mV vs. Platinum quasi-reference set.
- the deposition of selenium begins at -1000 mV.
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- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
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Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005046908A DE102005046908A1 (de) | 2005-09-30 | 2005-09-30 | Elektrochemische Abscheidung von Selen in ionischen Flüssigkeiten |
| PCT/EP2006/008631 WO2007039035A1 (de) | 2005-09-30 | 2006-09-05 | Elektrochemische abscheidung von selen in ionischen flüssigkeiten |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1951934A1 true EP1951934A1 (de) | 2008-08-06 |
| EP1951934B1 EP1951934B1 (de) | 2009-08-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06791833A Not-in-force EP1951934B1 (de) | 2005-09-30 | 2006-09-05 | Elektrochemische abscheidung von selen in ionischen flüssigkeiten |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080210566A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1951934B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2009510261A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE440157T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102005046908A1 (de) |
| TW (1) | TW200728516A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2007039035A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013017588A1 (de) | 2011-08-01 | 2013-02-07 | Technische Universität Dresden | Extraktion von edelmetall(ionen) mittels ionischer flüssigkeiten |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009055828A1 (de) | 2008-12-19 | 2010-07-01 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung metallbeschichteter Partikel |
| GB2473285A (en) * | 2009-09-08 | 2011-03-09 | Astron Advanced Materials Ltd | Low temperature joining process |
| CN102044697A (zh) * | 2009-10-13 | 2011-05-04 | 法拉赛斯能源公司 | 锂离子电池及其制备方法 |
| US20130299453A1 (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2013-11-14 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for making metal plated gas turbine engine components |
| CN103122471B (zh) * | 2013-03-01 | 2015-10-28 | 沈阳师范大学 | 一种无氰镀铟的电镀液 |
| WO2017099189A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-09 | 2017-06-15 | 学校法人 慶應義塾 | イオン液体を用いた放射性廃棄物からの長寿命核分裂生成物の分離および回収方法 |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2414438A (en) * | 1942-12-01 | 1947-01-21 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Electrodeposition of selenium |
| BE476039A (de) * | 1943-07-30 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| GB1409977A (en) * | 1973-02-06 | 1975-10-15 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Electrophoretic deposition of colloidal materials particularly selenium |
| US4121981A (en) * | 1977-09-23 | 1978-10-24 | Xerox Corporation | Electrochemical method for forming a selenium-tellurium layer in a photoreceptor |
| US4253919A (en) * | 1980-01-21 | 1981-03-03 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Electrodeposition of cadmium-selenium semiconducting photoelectrodes from an acid citrate bath |
| US4548800A (en) * | 1982-08-02 | 1985-10-22 | Xerox Corporation | Process for selenium purification |
| US4452675A (en) * | 1982-10-18 | 1984-06-05 | Allied Corporation | Process for the activation of nickel electrodes via the electrochemical deposition of selenium and/or tellurium |
| JPH11158681A (ja) * | 1997-11-20 | 1999-06-15 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | セレン含有被処理水の処理方法 |
| US6323417B1 (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2001-11-27 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Method of making I-III-VI semiconductor materials for use in photovoltaic cells |
| JP3089407B2 (ja) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-09-18 | 工業技術院長 | 太陽電池薄膜の作製方法 |
| US6259016B1 (en) * | 1999-03-05 | 2001-07-10 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Solar cell |
| DE19958878B4 (de) * | 1999-12-07 | 2012-01-19 | Saint-Gobain Glass Deutschland Gmbh | Dünnschicht-Solarzelle |
| WO2001078154A2 (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2001-10-18 | Davis, Joseph & Negley | Preparation of cigs-based solar cells using a buffered electrodeposition bath |
| US6534707B1 (en) * | 2000-10-11 | 2003-03-18 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Method for absorbing active, external and dynamic magnetic fields using a ferrite encapsulated coating |
| US6548751B2 (en) * | 2000-12-12 | 2003-04-15 | Solarflex Technologies, Inc. | Thin film flexible solar cell |
| GB0104253D0 (en) * | 2001-02-21 | 2001-04-11 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Process for separating metals |
| US6429368B1 (en) * | 2001-03-20 | 2002-08-06 | Trw Inc. | Shortened solar cell array |
| US6537845B1 (en) * | 2001-08-30 | 2003-03-25 | Mccandless Brian E. | Chemical surface deposition of ultra-thin semiconductors |
| US6862125B2 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2005-03-01 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Reversible electro-optic device employing aprotic molten salts and method |
-
2005
- 2005-09-30 DE DE102005046908A patent/DE102005046908A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-09-05 DE DE502006004616T patent/DE502006004616D1/de active Active
- 2006-09-05 WO PCT/EP2006/008631 patent/WO2007039035A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2006-09-05 JP JP2008532621A patent/JP2009510261A/ja active Pending
- 2006-09-05 EP EP06791833A patent/EP1951934B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-09-05 US US12/088,130 patent/US20080210566A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-09-05 AT AT06791833T patent/ATE440157T1/de active
- 2006-09-29 TW TW095136252A patent/TW200728516A/zh unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| See references of WO2007039035A1 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013017588A1 (de) | 2011-08-01 | 2013-02-07 | Technische Universität Dresden | Extraktion von edelmetall(ionen) mittels ionischer flüssigkeiten |
| DE102011080230A1 (de) | 2011-08-01 | 2013-02-07 | Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf E.V. | Extraktion von Edelmetall(ionen) mittels ionischer Flüssigkeiten |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1951934B1 (de) | 2009-08-19 |
| DE502006004616D1 (de) | 2009-10-01 |
| DE102005046908A1 (de) | 2007-04-05 |
| ATE440157T1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
| US20080210566A1 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
| TW200728516A (en) | 2007-08-01 |
| JP2009510261A (ja) | 2009-03-12 |
| WO2007039035A1 (de) | 2007-04-12 |
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