EP1948573A2 - Polymeres en peigne et utilisation en tant qu'additifs pour la preparation de liants mineraux - Google Patents

Polymeres en peigne et utilisation en tant qu'additifs pour la preparation de liants mineraux

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Publication number
EP1948573A2
EP1948573A2 EP06819275A EP06819275A EP1948573A2 EP 1948573 A2 EP1948573 A2 EP 1948573A2 EP 06819275 A EP06819275 A EP 06819275A EP 06819275 A EP06819275 A EP 06819275A EP 1948573 A2 EP1948573 A2 EP 1948573A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
group
alk
formula
groups
monomers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06819275A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stefan Becker
Markus Klumpe
Joachim Pakusch
Thomas GÖTZ
Christian Knoll
Rolf Gulden
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP1948573A2 publication Critical patent/EP1948573A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
    • C08F290/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated end groups
    • C08F290/06—Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
    • C08F283/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polyethers, polyoxymethylenes or polyacetals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/2641—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates
    • C04B24/2647—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates containing polyether side chains
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/2652—Nitrogen containing polymers, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles
    • C04B24/2658—Nitrogen containing polymers, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles containing polyether side chains
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
    • C08F290/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated side groups
    • C08F290/14—Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
    • C08F290/142—Polyethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L51/08—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/0045—Polymers chosen for their physico-chemical characteristics
    • C04B2103/0059—Graft (co-)polymers
    • C04B2103/006—Comb polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/30—Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers
    • C04B2103/32—Superplasticisers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel comb polymers which carry on a carbon backbone poly-C 2 -C 4 -alkylene ether side chains A and functional groups B, which are present at pH> 12 in the form of anionic groups, and the salts of such comb polymers ,
  • the invention also relates to the use of these comb polymers as additives in preparations of mineral binders.
  • Comb polymers having a carbon backbone bearing poly-C 2 -C 4 -alkylene ether side chains and anionic groups, in particular carboxylate groups, are found as additives for mineral binders and binders, in particular for cement and cementitious binders such as mortars, cementitious plasters and in particular for concrete, but also for gypsum and gypsum-based binding materials such as model, stucco or plaster, plaster, gypsum, etc. Use.
  • the comb polymers contain the mineral binder particles in the ready-to-use formulation of the binder, i. H. a water-based preparation, dispersing and that the dispersing effect of the comb polymers causes a liquefaction of the ready-to-use preparations.
  • a specific processing viscosity of the ready-to-use preparation during mixing less water, based on the mineral binder, is required than in the case of a non-additized preparation, which results in an increased final strength of the additized preparation in the set condition.
  • additiviere preparations for the same amount of water, based on the mineral binder a reduced viscosity than non-additive preparations, which is desirable for many applications such as cast concrete or screed.
  • the EP-A 331 308 describes comb polymers for the dispersion of cement, which sulfonic acid, a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, a monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic and an ester containing a poly-C 2 -C 3 alkylene glycol mono Ci-C 3 alkylether lymerêt Single-pole.
  • EP-A 560 602 in turn describes the use of comb polymers which comprise an alkenyl ether of a poly-C 2 -C 8 -alkylene glycol mono-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl ether and maleic acid or maleic anhydride in copolymerized form as additives for concrete.
  • EP-A 753 488 is the use of comb polymers which are monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and esters of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids of polyoxy-C 2 -C 4 -alkylenmono-Ci-C 4 -alkyl as copolymerized units and having a specific molecular weight distribution than Dispersants for cement known. Similar polymers are described for this purpose in EP-A 792 850.
  • EP-A 725 044 describes the use of comb polymers of monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and esters of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with polyoxyethylene mono-C 1 -C 5 -alkyl ethers in hydraulically setting compositions based on a mixture of cement and anhydrous gypsum.
  • EP-A 799 807 in turn describes the use of comb polymers based on monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and alkylpolyalkylene glycol mono (meth) acrylic acid esters, the latter being obtainable by a transesterification process, as dispersants for cement.
  • WO 98/28353 discloses comb polymers having a carbon backbone bearing alkyl polyalkylene ether groups and carboxylate groups.
  • the comb polymers can be prepared both by modifying polymers containing carboxylate groups with polyalkylene ethers and by copolymerizing suitable alkylpolyalkylene ether group-containing monomers with ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids.
  • WO 01/74736 in turn describes comb polymers of poly-C 2 -C 4 -alkylene glycol (meth) acrylates with (meth) acrylic acid, wherein the preparation of the poly-C 2 -C 4 - alkylene glycol (meth) acrylic esters by reacting Alkylpolyalkylenglykolen with (meth) acrylic anhydrides in the presence of amines.
  • EP-A 704 504 describes homo- and copolymers of esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with polyalkylene etherols which carry a nitrogen heterocycle at one end.
  • the polymers described there are used as temperature-dependent thickeners in ink-jet inks.
  • the dispersing effect of the comb polymers of the prior art is often insufficient, so that their liquefying action in preparations based on mineral binders such as gypsum or cement is not satisfactory.
  • Our own investigations by the inventors of the present application have also shown that the comb polymers prepared according to the prior art frequently contain even greater amounts of unreacted polyalkylene glycol monomethyl ethers which themselves do not have a liquefying effect, so that larger amounts of comb polymer are needed to achieve the desired effect , which on the one hand represents an additional cost factor and on the other hand is also undesirable in view of a thereby increased foaming.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide additives for preparations based on mineral binders, which show a good liquefying effect in such preparations.
  • the additives should also be preparable in a way that they contain little or no amounts of by-products.
  • the present invention relates to the use of comb polymers having a carbon backbone, the polyether groups of the formula A.
  • * indicates the binding site to the carbon backbone of the comb polymer
  • U represents a chemical bond or an alkylene group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms
  • X represents oxygen or a group NR
  • k is 0 or 1
  • n is an integer whose mean value, based on the comb polymer, is in the range from 5 to 300
  • Alk is C 2 -C 4 -alkylene, where Alk within the group (AIk-O) n may be identical or different,
  • Y is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 8 C atoms, which may carry a phenyl ring,
  • Z is a nitrogen-bonded 5- to 10-membered nitrogen heterocycle which, as ring members, besides the nitrogen atom and besides carbon atoms, 1, 2 or 3 can have additional heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, the nitrogen ring members having a Group R ', and where 1 or 2 carbon ring members may be present as the carbonyl group,
  • R is hydrogen, dC 4 alkyl or benzyl, and R 'is hydrogen, C r C 4 alkyl or benzyl;
  • the invention also relates to preparations of mineral binders containing such a comb polymer, in particular ready-to-use preparations and the articles produced therefrom.
  • Such comb polymers are new when the mean of n, based on the
  • Comb polymer is in the range of 11 to 300 and on average 90 mol% of units AIk-O in the group (AIk-O) n are CH 2 -CH 2 -O.
  • the present invention also relates to comb polymers having a carbon-fabric backbone carrying polyether groups of the general formula A and functional groups B which are present at pH> 12 in the form of anionic groups, wherein in the formula A the variables * , U, X , k, Alk, Y, Z, R and R 'have the abovementioned meanings and n is an integer whose mean value, based on the comb polymer, is in the range from 1 to 300 and in which at least 90 mol% of the units AIk-O in the group (AIk-O) n are CH 2 -CH 2 -O.
  • comb polymers are used to additize preparations containing mineral binders.
  • liquefaction of the preparations can be achieved in a particularly effective manner, ie, for the adjustment of the desired Processing viscosity required amount of mixing water, based on the mineral binder, compared to non-additive preparations or compared to additiverten preparations of mineral binders in which the additives have a lower liquefying effect can be reduced or, alternatively, for setting a
  • the application rate of comb polymer required for the specific viscosity of the preparation is lower in comparison with the comb polymers of the prior art.
  • Mineral binders for the purposes of the present invention are inorganic, usually mineral substances which, when mixed with water, harden to a solid.
  • Gypsum corrosive cement, magnesia binder and white lime, as well as hydraulic binders such as lime and especially cement, including latent hydraulic binders such as blast furnace slags.
  • the term "gypsum” as used herein includes both anhydrite and calcium sulfate hemihydrate.
  • the comb polymers of the invention are particularly suitable for the addition of formulations of hydraulic binders and especially for the addition of cementitious preparations, but also for the addition of preparations of latent hydraulic binder.
  • the comb polymers according to the invention are furthermore suitable for the addition of preparations of non-hydraulic binders, in particular for the addition of gypsum and gypsum-containing preparations, such as model stucco or plaster, gypsum plaster, gypsum plaster.
  • the comb polymers according to the invention are also particularly suitable for the addition of preparations which, as a mineral binder, a mixture of a hydraulic and a non-hydraulic binder, for. As a mixture of gypsum and cement.
  • the comb polymers can be used both to additize preparations that consist essentially of the mineral binder. However, they are particularly suitable for the addition of binders, ie preparations containing as main ingredient additives that are bound by the mineral binder, for example, for the addition of concrete and mortar.
  • the preparations of the mineral binder which are additively formulated according to the invention may be storage forms of the mineral binder, storage forms of the binding material, or ready-to-use preparations, ie preparations which, in contrast to the storage forms, already require the binding agent or building material to be set Amount of water (mixing water) included.
  • C 2 -C 4 -alkylene is a linear or branched alkanediyl group which has 2 to 4 C atoms, in particular for a 1, 2-ethanediyl group which carry one or two methyl groups or one ethyl group can, ie for 1, 2-ethanediyl, 1, 2-propanediyl, 1, 2-butanediyl, 1, 1-dimethylethane-1, 2-diyl or 1, 2-dimethylethane-1, 2-diyl.
  • C 1 -C 6 -alkylene represents a linear or branched alkanediyl group which has 1 to 8 and in particular 1 to 4 C atoms, eg. B. for CH 2 , 1, 1-ethanediyl, 1, 2-ethanediyl, 1, 1-propanediyl, 1, 3-propanediyl, 2,2-propanediyl, 1, 2-propanediyl, 1, 1-butanediyl,
  • C 1 -C 4 -alkyl represents a linear or branched alkyl group which has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, eg. For example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl,
  • C 1 -C 10 -alkyl is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, e.g. B. for dC 4 alkyl, as mentioned above, and for pentyl, hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, heptyl, octyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2-methylheptyl, 2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1-ethylhexyl, nonyl, isononyl, decyl, 1-methylnonyl, 2-propylheptyl and the like.
  • Ci-C 4 alkoxy represents a linear or branched alkyl group which is bonded via an oxygen atom and which has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for.
  • C 1 -C 10 alkoxy represents a linear or branched alkyl group which is bonded via an oxygen atom and which has 1 to 10 C atoms, eg. B.
  • C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy for C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, as mentioned above, and for pentyloxy, hexyloxy, 1-methylpentyloxy, 2-methylpentylxoy, heptyloxy, octyloxy, 1-methylheptyloxy, 2-methylheptylxoy, 2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2 yloxy, 2-ethylhexyloxy, 1-ethylhexyloxy, nonyloxy, isononyloxy, decyloxy, 1-methylnonyloxy, 2-propylheptyloxy and the like.
  • the average number of repeating units AIk-O in the groups (AIk-O) n ie the mean value of n in formula A, based on the comb polymer, at least 10, in particular is at least 20 and especially at least 50 and has a value of 250, in particular 200 and especially does not exceed 150.
  • the value is in the range of 10 to 250, in particular in the range of 20 to 200 and especially in the range of 50 to 150.
  • the mean value of n or the average number of repeating units AIk-O is the number average, based on the comb polymer.
  • the alkylene moieties of the individual repeat units AIk-O may be the same or different.
  • Particularly preferred AIk-O is 1, 2-ethanediyl or mixtures of 1, 2-ethanediyl with 1, 2-propanediyl. If the groups (AIk-O) have n different units AIk-O from one another, they may be arranged randomly or in blocks, wherein a block-wise arrangement is preferred. In particular, that group AIk-O attached to X is a group of the formula CH 2 CH 2 O.
  • At least 50 mol%, in particular at least 80 mol%, particularly preferably 90 mol% and in particular all groups AIk-O are CH 2 -CH 2 -O.
  • These% data are the number average, based on the total amount of comb polymer.
  • the group (AIk-O) n has different repeating units AIk-O, it has proved to be advantageous if on average at least 50 mol%, z. B. 50 to 99 ⁇ mol-%, in particular at least 80 ⁇ mol-%, z. B. 80 to 99 ⁇ mol-%, and especially at least 90 ⁇ mol-%, z. B. 90 to 98 mol% of the groups AIk-O are CH 2 -CH 2 -O. Of these, preference is given to those mixtures in which the remaining repeating units AIk-O are CH (CH 3 ) -CH 2 -O.
  • the group Z in formula A is preferably a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen heterocycle which, in addition to the nitrogen atom bonded to Y and the carbon ring members a selected from O, S, N, a group NR ring member and / or a carbonyl group as Ring member has.
  • R has the abovementioned meanings and is in particular hydrogen or methyl. Of these, preference is given to those heterocycles which have a ring member selected from O, N or a group NR and / or a carbonyl group as ring member.
  • Z radicals examples include pyrrolidon-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, piperazin-1-yl, piperidone-1-yl, morpholin-2-on-4-yl, morpholin-3-on-4-yl, Piperazin-1-yl, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl, imidazolin-2-one-1-yl, 3-methylimidazolin-2-one-1-yl and imidazol-1-yl. Of these, in particular morpholin-4-yl and pyrrolidone-1-yl are preferred.
  • Y in formula A is C 2 -C 4 -alkylene and in particular 1, 2-ethanediyl or 1, 3-propanediyl.
  • U is preferably a chemical bond, CH 2 or CH (CH 3 ). In a particularly preferred embodiment, U is a chemical bond.
  • k stands for 1.
  • X is preferably O or NH and in particular O.
  • the groups B present in the comb polymers used according to the invention are typically present at pH values above 12 in the form of anionic groups, ie in deprotonated form.
  • examples of such groups are carboxylate (COOH or COO " ), sulfonate (SO 3 H or SO 3 " ), phosphonate (PO 3 H 2 or PO 3 H “ or PO 3 2" ).
  • group B is substantially (i.e., at least 95 mole%, especially at least 99 mole%) or exclusively carboxylate groups.
  • the comb polymers have at least two different functional groups B, wherein in this embodiment preferably 50 to 99 mol%, in particular 80 to 99 mol% of the functional groups B carboxylate groups and the remaining 1 to 50 ⁇ mol-% , In particular 1 to 20 mol%, sulfonate groups.
  • the functional groups B can be bonded directly or via a spacer to the carbon backbone of the polymer chain.
  • Typical spacers are C 1 -C 4 -alkanediyl, phenylene and groups of the formula * -C (O) -X'-Alk ',
  • X ' is O, NH or N (C r C 4 alkyl)
  • Alk' is C 2 -C 4 alkylene, in particular 1, 2-ethanediyl, 1, 3-propanediyl, 1, 2-propanediyl or 1-methyl-1, 2-propanediyl and * represents the binding site of the spacer to the polymer backbone.
  • the group B is bonded directly, ie via a single bond, to the carbon backbone of the comb polymer.
  • the comb polymer can also be groups of the formula C * -U '- (C (O)) pX "- (Alk" -O) q -R a C
  • U ' has the meanings given for U
  • p is O or 1
  • X has the meanings given for X
  • Alk has the meanings given above for alk
  • q is an integer whose mean value, based on the Comb polymer in the range from 2 to 300, in particular in the range from 10 to 250, more preferably in the range from 20 to 200 and especially in the range from 50 to 150 (number average)
  • R a is selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, d- Cio-alkylcarbonyl, benzyl or benzoyl.
  • p is in particular 1.
  • U ' is in particular a chemical bond.
  • X stands in particular for oxygen in particular.
  • R a stands in particular for C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and especially for methyl.
  • the statements made above for alk apply analogously.
  • the polyether groups A and also the polyether groups C within the comb polymer may be identical or different with respect to the number of repeating units n or q in the groups (AIk-O) n or (Alk "-O) q , that the groups A and C or the groups (AIk-O) n or (Alk "-O) q have a molecular weight distribution and accordingly represent n and q means (number average) of these molecular weight distributions.
  • “equal” therefore means that the molecular weight distribution of the groups A and C each have a maximum. Accordingly, the term “different” means that the molecular weight distribution of the groups A and C corresponds to several superimposed distributions and accordingly have several maxima.
  • Comb polymers in which the molecular weight distributions of the groups A or, if present, the molecular weight distributions of the groups A are different from those of the groups C are preferred.
  • those comb polymers are preferred in which the number average molecular weight to be assigned in each case to one another deviates from one another by at least 130 daltons and in particular at least 440 daltons. Accordingly, comb polymers are preferred which contain at least two, e.g. B.
  • comb polymers having groups of the formula A and of the formula C are preferred in which the mean values of n and q differ by a value of at least 3 and in particular by at least 10.
  • the polyether groups of the formula A and the functional groups B are typically in one Molar ratio A: B in the range from 2: 1 to 1:20, often in the range of 1, 5: 1 to 1:15, in particular in the range of 1: 1 to 1:10 and especially in the range of 1: 1, 1 to 1: 8 before (averaged over the total amount of comb polymers).
  • the molar ratio of polyether groups of the formula A and C to the functional groups B is typically in the range from 2: 1 to 1:20, often in the range from 1, 5: 1 to 1:15, in particular in the range of 1: 1 to 1:10 and especially in the range of 1: 1, 1 to 1: 8 (averaged over the total amount of comb polymers)
  • the comb polymer may to a lesser extent also carry functional groups C on the carbon backbone.
  • functional groups C include in particular C-i-C ⁇ -alkoxycarbonyl groups in which the alkoxy radical can carry one or more hydroxyl groups, nitrile groups and groups of the formula Z as defined above.
  • the proportion of the functional groups C will, based on the total amount of the functional groups A, B, optionally C and C, preferably not exceed 30 .mu.m%, in particular 20 mol% and, if present, is typically in the range of 1 to 30 mol% and especially in the range of 2 to 20 mol%.
  • the comb polymer has no or less than 2 mol%, in particular less than 1 mol% of functional groups C.
  • the comb polymer has 5 to 80 mol%, in particular 10 to 60 mol%, in each case based on the total amount of the functional groups A, B, C and optionally C groups of the formula C.
  • the molar ratio of the side chains A to the groups C, d. H. the molar ratio A: C is preferably in the range from 1:10 to 20: 1, in particular in the range from 1: 2 to 10: 1.
  • the comb polymer has no or less than 5 .mu.mol%, in particular less than 1 mol%, of groups of the formula C, in each case based on the total amount of the groups A, B, C and C.
  • the comb polymer may also have hydrocarbon residues on the carbon backbone, eg. B. dC 4 alkyl groups or phenyl groups.
  • the carbon backbone has dC 4 -alkyl groups, in particular methyl groups, on at least every 4 C atom of the polymer chain.
  • the number-average molecular weights (M N ) of the comb polymers are generally in the range from 1000 to 200,000 daltons. With regard to the use of the comb polymers, those having a number average molecular weight of 5,000 to 100,000 daltons are preferred.
  • the number average molecular weight M N can be determined in the usual way by gel permeation chromatography, as explained in the examples.
  • the K values of the copolymers obtainable according to the invention, determined by the method indicated below, are generally in the range from 10 to 100, preferably in the range from 15 to 80 and in particular in the range from 20 to 60.
  • the comb polymers can be used in the form of the free acid or in the form of their salts, it being possible for the groups B to be partially or completely neutralized in the salt form. If the comb polymers are used in the form of the salts, they have cations as counterions for reasons of electroneutrality.
  • Suitable cations are alkali metal cations such as Na + and K + , alkaline earth metal cations such as Mg ++ and Ca ++ , and ammonium ions such as NH 4 + , [NR b R c R d R e ] + , where R b is C r C 4 -alkyl or hydroxy-C 2 -C 4 -alkyl and the radicals R c, R d and R e are independently selected from hydrogen, dC 4 -alkyl and hydroxy-C 2 -C 4 alkyl.
  • Preferred counterions are the alkali metal cations, especially Na + and K + .
  • the preparation of the comb polymers according to the invention can be carried out in analogy to known processes for the preparation of such comb polymers, for. B. in analogy to the methods described in the cited prior art and in analogy to the methods described in WO 01/40337, WO 01/40338, WO 01/72853 or WO 02/50160, the disclosure of which hereby Reference is made.
  • Suitable production processes are in particular:
  • the type and amount of side chains A or of functional groups B depends on the type and relative amounts of monomers M1 and M2 or M3 used and, if appropriate, M2 in in a known manner.
  • the molecular weight of the comb polymers in turn can be in the production methods i) and ii) by the reaction conditions selected in the polymerization, for. B.
  • the initiator used optionally used regulators, the temperature, the reaction medium, concentration of monomers, etc. in a conventional manner.
  • the structure and the molecular weight are naturally determined by the homo- or copolymers used and by the alcohols HO- (AIk-O) n -YZ used for the modification or amines of the formula HNR- (alkoxy) O) n -YZ largely determined.
  • Preferred according to the invention are the comb polymers obtainable by the method i), which thus form a particularly preferred subject of the invention.
  • the type and amount of the monomers M determine the type and number of side chains of the formula A.
  • Preferred monomers M1 are those in which k in formula A is 1.
  • Preferred monomers M1 are therefore selected from the esters of monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 -monocarboxylic acids and diesters of monoethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 6 -dicarboxylic acids with alcohols of the formula HO- (Al k-O) n -YZ, where n, Alk, Y and Z have the meanings given above, and the amides of monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 monocarboxylic acids with amines of the formula NHR- (AIk-O) n -YZ, wherein n, Alk, R, Y and Z have the meanings given above.
  • Preferred esters of monoethylenically unsaturated Cs-C ⁇ monocarboxylic acids are the esters of acrylic acid and of methacrylic acid.
  • diesters of monoethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C -dicarboxylic acids are the esters of fumaric acid, itaconic acid and maleic acid.
  • Preferred amides of monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 monocarboxylic acids are the amides of acrylic acid and of methacrylic acid.
  • Suitable monomers M1 are vinyl, allyl and methallyl ethers of alcohols of the formula HO- (Alk-O) n -YZ, in which n, Alk, Y and Z have the meanings mentioned above.
  • the monomers M1 preferably comprise at least 80 ⁇ mol, in particular at least 90 mol%, based on the total amount of the monomers M1, esters of monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 6 monocarboxylic acids, in particular esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
  • the monomers M1 are selected from the aforementioned esters of monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 monocarboxylic acids, and especially selected from the esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
  • the monomers M2 include:
  • M2a monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with 3 or 4 to 8
  • C atoms such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid.
  • M2b monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids having preferably 2 to 10 C atoms and salts thereof, in particular their alkali metal salts such as vinylsulfonic acid, allysulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, 2-acryloxyethanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, and M2c monoethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acids with preferably 2 until 10
  • C atoms such as vinylphosphonic acid, allylphosphonic acid, 2-acryloxyethanephosphonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanephosphonic acid, M2d monoesters of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 8 C atoms, in particular half esters of maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid with C 1 -C 10 -alkanols, in particular with C 1 -C 4 -alkanols, eg. B.
  • Preferred monomers M2 comprise at least 50 mol%, in particular at least 70 mol%, based on the total amount of the monomers M2, of monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids having 3 or 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and of these particularly preferably acrylic acid and methacrylic acid ,
  • the monomers M2 are selected from monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids having 3 or 4 to 8 C atoms, in particular from acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
  • the monomers M2 comprise from 50 to 99 ⁇ mol, in particular from 70 to 95 mol%, based on the total amount of the monomers M2, of monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids having 3 or 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and among these, particularly preferably acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, and 1 to 50 mol%, in particular 5 to 35 mol%, based on the total amount of the monomers M2, monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids having preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • Monomers M3 include, in particular, monoesters of monoethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 8 -dicarboxylic acids with alcohols of the formula HO- (Al k-O) n -YZ, in which n, Alk, Y and Z have the abovementioned meanings, especially the half esters of maleic acid , fumaric acid and itaconic acid.
  • the monomers M can comprise further monomers M4 and M5.
  • Monomeric M4 are monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which have one or two groups of the formula C and, if appropriate, a functional group B. These include vinyl, AlIIy- and methallyl ethers of alcohols of the formula HO (Alk "-O) q -R a , wherein q, Alk" and R a have the meanings mentioned above, further the esters of these alcohols of monoethylenically unsaturated mono-C3 -C ⁇ - carboxylic acids and the diesters and half of these alcohols with monoethylenically unsaturated di-C 4 -C 8 -carboxylic acids.
  • Preferred monomers M4 are esters of monoethylenically unsaturated mono-Cs-C ⁇ -carboxylic acids, in particular of acrylic acid and of methacrylic acid, with alcohols of the formula HO (Alk "-O) q -R a , where q, Alk" and R a have the meanings given above and diesters monoethylenically unsaturated ter di-C 4 -C 8 -carboxylic acids, in particular maleic acid, fumaric acid, citra-aconic acid and itaconic acid, with alcohols of the formula HO (Alk "-O) q -R a
  • Particularly preferred monomers M 4 are the esters monoethylenically unsaturated Mono-C 3 -C 8 - carboxylic acids, in particular of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
  • the monomers M4 not more than 80 mol%, in particular not more than 60 mol%, based on the total amount of the monomers M, from.
  • the proportion of the monomers M4 is 5 to 80 mol%, in particular 10 to 60 mol%, based on the total amount of the monomers M in the preparation process i) or ii).
  • their proportion of the monomers M is less than 5 mol%, in particular less than 1 mol%.
  • the monomers M5 include the monomers M5a, M5b, M5c, M5d and M5e:
  • M5a C 1 -C 10 -alkyl esters and C 5 -C 10 -cycloalkyl esters of monoethylenically unsaturated mono-C 3 -C 6 -carboxylic acids, in particular of acrylic acid and of methacrylic acid, with C 1 -C 10 -alkanols or C 3 -C 10 -cycloalkanols, such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate , n-propyl acrylate, iso-propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, iso-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate and the corresponding methacrylic acid esters, and corresponding di-d-Cio-alkyl esters and di-C 5 - C 1 -C 6 -cycloalkyl
  • Di-C3-Ce-carboxylic acids in particular of acrylic acid and of methacrylic acid such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl methacrylate and 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate,
  • M5c monoethylenically unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile, M5d vinylaromatic monomers such as styrene and vinyltoluenes, M5e olefins having preferably 2 to 12 C atoms such as ethylene, propene, 1-butene, isobutene, 1-hexene, diisobutene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene etc.
  • Preferred monomers M5 are the monomers M5b.
  • the monomers M5 not more than 30 mol%, in particular not more than 20 mol%, based on the total amount of the monomers M from. If desired, their proportion is generally 1 to 30 mol%, in particular 5 to 20 mol%. %, the monomer M in the preparation process i) or N). In particular, their proportion of the monomers M is less than 5 mol%, in particular less than 1 mol%.
  • the molar ratio of side chains A to functional groups B, optionally C and C usually results directly from the molar ratio of the monomers M1 to the monomers M2 or from the molar ratio of the monomers M1: M2: M4: M5.
  • the molar ratio M1: M2 or (M1 + M4): M2 is generally in the range from 2: 1 to 1:20, in particular in the range from 1: 1 to 1:10, especially in the range from 1: 1, 1 to 1: 8. If the monomers M in the preparation process i) comprise monomers M2 having more than one acid group or monomers M3, the molar ratio of the monomers results in a corresponding manner.
  • the amount of the monomers M1 in the preparation process i) is typically 5 to 65 mol%, in particular 10 to 50 mol%, and the amount of the monomers M2 35 to 95 mol%, in particular 50 to 90 mol%, wherein the Proportion of any further monomers M3 or M5, up to 30 mol%, in particular up to 20 mol% may be and the proportion of the monomers M4 up to 80 mol%, in particular up to 60 mol%, z. B. 5 to 80 mol%, in particular 10 to 60 mol%, in each case based on the total moles of monomers M, may be, of course, the molar numbers of all monomers M add up to 100 mol%, unless otherwise stated.
  • the molar ratio of side chains A to functional groups B in the method i) results analogously from the molar ratio of the monomers M3 to the optionally used monomers M2 or M1 or M4. The same applies to the relationship between the molar ratio of side chains A to side chains C or to functional groups B.
  • the amount of monomers M3 in preparation process ii) is typically 40 to 100 mol%, in particular 50 to 95 mol%, and the amount of monomers M2 0 to 60 mol%, in particular 5 to 50 mol%, wherein the Mol number of any further monomers M2 or M5, up to 30 mol%, in particular up to 20 mol%, and the proportion of the monomers M4 up to 80 mol%, in particular up to 60 mol%, z. B. 5 to 80 mol%, in particular 10 to 60 mol%, in each case based on the total moles of monomers M, may be, of course, the molar numbers of all monomers M add up to 100 mol%, unless otherwise stated.
  • polymers M it may also be useful to increase the molecular weight of the polymers, the polymerization of the monomers M in the presence of small amounts of polyethylenically unsaturated monomers with z. B. 2, 3 or 4 polymerizable Perform double bonds (crosslinker).
  • crosslinker examples thereof are diesters and triesters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, in particular the bis- and tris-acrylates of diols or polyols having 3 or more OH groups, eg.
  • bisacrylates and the bis methacrylates of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol or polyethylene glycols As the bisacrylates and the bis methacrylates of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol or polyethylene glycols.
  • crosslinkers are used in an amount of generally 0.01 to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of monomers M to be polymerized. Preferably, less than 0.01 wt .-% and in particular no Vernetzermonomere be used.
  • the polymerization of the monomers M is usually carried out in the presence of free-radical-forming compounds, so-called initiators.
  • initiators Such compounds are usually used in amounts of up to 30 wt .-%, preferably 0.05 to 15 wt .-%, in particular 0.2 to 8 wt .-%, based on the monomers to be polymerized.
  • the above weights refer to the sum of the components.
  • Suitable initiators are, for example, organic peroxides and hydroperoxides, furthermore peroxodisulfates, percarbonates, peroxide esters, hydrogen peroxide and azo compounds.
  • Examples of initiators are hydrogen peroxide, dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate, diacetyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, diamyl peroxide, dioctanoyl peroxide, dicanoanoyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, bis (o-toluyl) peroxide, succinyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, di-tert.
  • Redox initiator systems contain at least one peroxide-containing compound in combination with a redox coinitiator, e.g. B. a reducing sulfur compound, for. Bisulfites, sulfites, thiosulfates, dithionites and tetrathionates of alkali metals or of ammonium compounds. So you can use combinations of peroxodisulfates with alkali metal or ammonium hydrogen sulfites, z. B. ammonium peroxo disulfate and ammonium bisulfite.
  • the amount of the peroxide-containing compound to the redox coinitiator is 30: 1 to 0.05: 1.
  • the initiators can be used alone or mixed with each other, for. B. mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and sodium peroxodisulfate.
  • the initiators can be either water-soluble or not soluble in water or only slightly soluble.
  • water-soluble initiators are preferably used, i. H. Initiators which are soluble in the aqueous polymerization medium in the concentration usually used for the polymerization.
  • These include peroxodisulfates, azo initiators with ionic groups, organic hydroperoxides having up to 6 C atoms, acetone hydroperoxide, methyl ethyl ketone hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide, and the abovementioned redox initiators.
  • the initiator used comprises at least one peroxodisulfate, for. For example, sodium peroxodisulfate.
  • transition metal catalysts may additionally be used, for. Salts of iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, vanadium and manganese. Suitable salts are, for. As iron (II) sulfate, cobalt (II) chloride, nickel (II) sulfate, or copper (I) chloride. Based on the monomers, the reducing transition metal salt is used in a concentration of 0.1 ppm to 1000 ppm. So you can use combinations of hydrogen peroxide with iron (II) salts, such as 0.5 to 30% hydrogen peroxide and 0.1 to 500 ppm Mohr's salt.
  • redox coinitiators and / or transition metal catalysts can be used in combination with the initiators mentioned above, for.
  • the amounts of redox coinitiators or transition metal catalysts usually used are about 0.1 to 1000 ppm, based on the amounts of monomers used.
  • regulators may be used for this purpose, in particular compounds containing organic SH groups, in particular water-soluble compounds containing SH groups such as 2-mercaptoethanol, 2-mercaptopropanol, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, furthermore phosphorus (III) or phosphorus ( l) compounds such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hy- pop-phosphites, e.g. As sodium hypophosphite, and hydrogen sulfites such as sodium hydrogen sulfite.
  • the polymerization regulators are generally used in amounts of from 0.05 to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.1 to 2% by weight, based on the monomers M.
  • Preferred regulators are the abovementioned compounds bearing SH groups, in particular compounds which carry water-soluble SH groups, such as 2-mercaptoethanol, 2-mercaptopropanol, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, cysteine and N-acetylcysteine. In these compounds, it has proven particularly useful to use these in an amount of 0.05 to 2 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 1 wt .-%, based on the monomers.
  • the abovementioned phosphorus (III) compounds and phosphorus (I) compounds as well as the hydrogen sulfites are usually obtained in relatively large quantities, eg. B. 0.5 to 10 wt .-% and in particular 1 to 8 wt .-%, based on the monomers to be polymerized. Also by the choice of the appropriate solvent can be influenced on the average molecular weight. Thus, the polymerization in the presence of diluents with benzylic or allylic H atoms to a reduction in the average molecular weight by chain transfer.
  • the polymerization of the monomers can be carried out by the customary polymerization processes, including solution, precipitation, suspension or bulk polymerization.
  • the method of solution polymerization d. H. the polymerization in solvents or diluents.
  • Suitable solvents or diluents include both aprotic solvents, e.g. B. the aforementioned aromatics such as toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene, cumene, chlorobenzene, ethylbenzene, technical mixtures of alkylaromatics, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic compounds such as cyclohexane and technical Aliphatenmischept, ketones such as acetone, cyclohexanone and methyl ethyl ketone, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, Diethyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, and dC 4 alkyl esters of aliphatic Ci-C 4 -carboxylic acids such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate, further protic solvents such as glycols and glycol derivatives, polyalkylene glycols and their derivatives, CrC
  • the copolymerization process according to the invention is preferably carried out in water or a mixture of water with up to 60% by weight of C 1 -C 4 -alkanols or glycols as solvent or diluent. With particular preference, water is used as the sole solvent.
  • the polymerization of the monomers M is preferred with substantial or complete exclusion of oxygen, preferably in an inert gas stream, e.g. B. a nitrogen Ström, performed.
  • the polymerization process of the monomers M can be carried out in the apparatuses customary for polymerization methods. These include stirred tanks, stirred tank cascades, autoclaves, tube reactors and kneaders.
  • the polymerization of the monomers M is usually carried out at temperatures in the range of 0 to 300 ° C, preferably in the range of 40 to 120 ° C.
  • the polymerization time is usually in the range of 0.5 hours to 15 hours, and more preferably in the range of 2 to 6 hours.
  • the pressure prevailing in the polymerization is of minor importance for the success of the polymerization and is generally in the range from 800 mbar to 2 bar and often at ambient pressure. When using volatile solvents or volatile monomers, the pressure may be higher.
  • EP-A 560602 For further details on the polymerization process, reference is made to EP-A 560602, EP-A 734359, EP-A 799807, EP-A 994290, WO 01/40337, WO 01/40338 and PCT / EP 2005/009466.
  • the polymerization conditions described therein can be used in an analogous manner for the preparation of the comb polymers of the invention.
  • the monomers M2, M4 and M5 are known compounds which are predominantly commercially available.
  • the monomers M1 and M3 have already been described in the prior art, where the monomers M1 or M3, where n in group A is on average, have a number in the range from 11 to 300, in particular in the range from 20 to 200, especially in Range of 50 to 200 and especially in the range of 50 to 150 and in which at least 90 mol% of repeating units AIk-O in the group A are CH 2 CH 2 O, are new and form a further object of the present invention.
  • Their preparation can be carried out in analogy to known methods of the prior art. With regard to the statistical and blockwise arrangement of different units AIk-O, what has been said previously for group A applies.
  • Preferred monomers M1, in which k in formula A is 1, can be obtained by esterification of monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 -monocarboxylic acids or monoethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 8 -dicarboxylic acids with alcohols of the formula HO- (Alk-O) n - YZ, wherein n, Alk, Y and Z have the meanings mentioned above, or by amidation of monoethylenically unsaturated Cs-C ⁇ monocarboxylic acids with amines of the formula NHR- (Alk-O) n -YZ, wherein n, Alk, R, Y and Z have the meanings mentioned above, are produced.
  • esters of monoethylenically unsaturated Cs-C ⁇ monocarboxylic acids or C 4 -Ce dicarboxylic acids with alcohols of the formula HO- (Al k O) n -YZ by one of the following measures a), b) or c) take place:
  • amides of monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 -monocarboxylic acids with amines of the formula HNR- (Alk-O) n -YZ can in analogy to known amidation reactions by amidation of monoethylenically unsaturated Cs-C ⁇ monocarboxylic acids or of their amide-forming derivatives such as acid chlorides, acid anhydrides or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl esters, with amines.
  • the monomers M3 can be prepared in analogy to the methods described here for the monomers M1.
  • the preferred monomers M3 are prepared by reacting anhydrides with monoethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 8 dicarboxylic acids with alcohols of the formula HO- (AIk-O) n -YZ under conditions which lead to a monoester formation.
  • the preparation of the particularly preferred monomers M1 by reacting anhydrides monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 monocarboxylic acids, in particular of acrylic anhydride or methacrylic anhydride, with alcohols of the formula HO- (AIk-O) n -YZ ,
  • alcohols of the formula HO- (AIk-O) n -YZ This process, in contrast to the processes known from the prior art when using alcohols of the formula HO- (AIk-O) n -YZ to particularly good yields and therefore constitutes a further subject of the invention.
  • the amount of anhydride is typically not more than 1, 095 mol, preferably not more than 1, 09 mol, especially not more than 1, 085 mol and especially not more than 1, 08 mol per mole of alcohol. Preference is given to using at least 1.005 mol, in particular at least 1.01 mol and more preferably at least 1.02 mol of anhydride per mole of alcohol.
  • the reaction of the anhydride with the alcohol takes place in the absence of a base, in particular when the nitrogen heterocycle Z is a basic radical.
  • the reaction of the anhydride with the alcohol takes place in the presence of a base.
  • bases are preferred which are not or only slightly soluble in alcohol at 90 ° C, d. H. the solubility of the base in the alcohol at 90 ° C is not more than 10 g / l and especially not more than 5 g / l.
  • bases include hydroxides, oxides, carbonates and hydrogen carbonates of monovalent or divalent metal cations, in particular of elements of the first and second main group of the periodic system, ie of Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Cs + , Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ and Ba 2+ and of monovalent or divalent transition metal cations or cations of the fourth main group of the periodic table such as Ag + , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ , Ce 2+ .
  • the hydroxides, oxides, carbonates and bicarbonates are preferably cations of the alkali and alkaline earth metals and of Zn 2+ and in particular of Mg 2+ or Ca 2+ and particularly preferably of Na + or K + .
  • Preferred among these are the hydroxides and carbonates of these metal ions, in particular the alkali metal carbonates and alkali metal hydroxides and especially sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.
  • lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate are also suitable.
  • the base is preferably used in an amount of 0.05 to 0.5 base equivalents and in particular in an amount of 0.1 to 0.4 base equivalents, based on the alcohol, wherein larger amounts of base z. B. to 1 base equivalent usually not disadvantageous. It should be noted that in the case of hydroxides and bicarbonates, the base equivalents correspond to the molar equivalents used, whereas 1 molar equivalent of a carbonate or oxide corresponds in each case to 2 base equivalents.
  • the reaction of the anhydride with the alcohol is preferably carried out at temperatures in the range of 0 and 150 ° C, in particular in the range of 20 to 130 ° C and particularly preferably in the range of 50 and 100 ° C.
  • the pressure prevailing in the reaction is of minor importance for the success of the reaction and is generally in the range from 800 mbar to 2 bar and often at ambient pressure.
  • the reaction is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere.
  • the reaction of the anhydride with the compound P can be carried out in all the usual for such reactions Appaatura, z. B. in a stirred tank, in stirred tank cascades, autoclaves, tubular reactors or kneaders.
  • the reaction of the anhydride with the alcohol is preferably carried out until a conversion of the alcohol used of at least 80%, in particular at least 90% and particularly preferably at least 95% is achieved.
  • the reaction times required for this purpose will generally not exceed 5 hours and often times less than 4 hours.
  • the conversion can be monitored by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy of the reaction mixture, preferably in the presence of a strong acid such as trifluoroacetic acid.
  • the reaction of the anhydride with the alcohol may be carried out in bulk, i. H. without addition of solvents, or in inert solvents or diluents.
  • Inert solvents are usually aprotic compounds.
  • the inert solvents include optionally halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene, cumene, chlorobenzene, ethylbenzene, technical mixtures of alkylaromatics, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, octane, isooctane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, technical Aliphatenmi - Further, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, further ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether,
  • reaction medium refers to the mixture of the reactants with the base and with optionally used solvent and inhibitor.
  • reaction medium In the case of moisture-containing feedstocks, it has been proven to remove the water before the reaction, for. Example by distillation and particularly preferably by distillation with addition of an organic solvent that forms a low-boiling azeotrope with water.
  • solvents examples include the abovementioned aromatic solvents such as toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene, cumene, benzene, chlorobenzene, ethylbenzene and technical aromatic mixtures, furthermore aliphatic and cycloaliphatic see solvents such as hexane, heptane, cyclohexane and technical Aliphatenmi - Schungen and mixtures of the aforementioned solvents.
  • aromatic solvents such as toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene, cumene, benzene, chlorobenzene, ethylbenzene and technical aromatic mixtures
  • solvents such as hexane, heptane, cyclohexane and technical Aliphatenmi - Schungen and mixtures of the aforementioned solvents.
  • the reaction is usually carried out by reacting the reaction mixture containing the alcohol, the anhydride and the base and optionally the solvent and optionally inhibitor in a suitable reaction vessel at the temperatures indicated above.
  • the alcohol and the base and, if appropriate, the solvent are added and the anhydride is added for this purpose.
  • the addition of the anhydride is carried out at the reaction temperature.
  • the water is preferably removed before the addition of the anhydride.
  • the water is preferably removed before the addition of the anhydride. For example, one can proceed by initially introducing alcohol and optionally the base and optionally the solvent in a reaction vessel, then removing any moisture present in the manner described above and then adding the anhydride, preferably at reaction temperature.
  • Suitable polymerization inhibitors are known for such reactions, in particular phenols such as hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, especially sterically hindered phenols such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol or 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol , furthermore, thiazines such as phenothiazine or methylene blue, cerium (III) salts such as cerium (III) acetate and nitroxides, in particular sterically hindered nitroxides, ie nitroxides of secondary amines adjacent to the C atoms adjacent to the nitroxide group, respectively
  • phenols such as hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether
  • sterically hindered phenols such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol or 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
  • thiazines such as phenothiazine or methylene blue
  • inhibitors are the abovementioned sterically hindered nitroxides, cerium (III) compounds and sterically hindered phenols and mixtures thereof with one another and mixtures of such inhibitors with oxygen and mixtures of mixtures of these inhibitors with oxygen, eg. B. in the form of air.
  • Particularly preferred are inhibitor systems comprising at least one sterically hindered nitroxide and another component selected from a hindered phenol and a cerium (III) compound, and mixtures thereof with oxygen, e.g. B. in the form of air.
  • the amount of inhibitor may be up to 2% by weight, based on the total amount of anhydride + alcohol.
  • the inhibitors are advantageously used in amounts of from 10 ppm to 1000 ppm, based on the total amount of anhydride + alcohol. In the case of inhibitor mixtures, this information refers to the total amount of the components, with the exception of oxygen.
  • the excess anhydride usually constitutes not more than 10% by weight, and more preferably not more than 5% by weight, of the amount of anhydride originally used. It has been proven to destroy any anhydride by reaction with water.
  • the proportion of unreacted alcohol is preferably not more than 10 wt .-% and in particular not more than 5 wt .-% of the amount of alcohol used.
  • the latter can in principle be obtained by distillation or in any other way, for. B. by extraction of the acid remove. Also, one can isolate the ester, for. Example, by crystallization of the ester from an aqueous medium, wherein the acid and optionally present anhydride remains in the mother liquor. As a rule, however, no isolation or separation of the ester will be carried out.
  • the polymerization of the monomers M is carried out as a solution polymerization in water, removal of the water is not required for many applications.
  • an isolation of the polymer obtainable according to the invention can be carried out in a conventional manner, for. B. by spray drying of the polymerization mixture.
  • the solvent can be removed by passing in steam, thereby obtaining an aqueous solution or dispersion of the comb polymer.
  • the comb polymers are preferably obtained in the form of an aqueous dispersion or solution.
  • the solids content is preferably 10 to 80 wt .-%, in particular 30 to 65 wt .-%.
  • Another embodiment of the invention relates to comb polymers which are obtainable by the production process iii).
  • a homo- or copolymer having a carbon backbone having carbon-free carboxylic groups or ester-forming derivatives of carboxyl groups with alcohols of the formula HO- (AIk-O) n -YZ or amines of the formula HNR- (AIk-O) n - YZ implemented in the sense of a polymer-analogous reaction.
  • Carboxyl groups are known from the prior art, for example from US 5,840,114, US 5,728,207, WO 98/31643 and WO 01/72853.
  • the processes described there can be used in an analogous manner for the preparation of the comb polymers according to the invention.
  • polymers having free carboxyl groups or ester-forming derivatives of free carboxyl groups, in particular anhydride groups are homopolymers and copolymers of monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 -monocarboxylic acids and / or C 4 -C 8 -dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides, for example homo- and Copolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride into consideration.
  • These polymers may contain other monomers M2, e.g. B.
  • Suitable carboxyl-containing polymers are, in particular, copolymers which consist of
  • Particularly preferred polymers containing carboxyl groups are homopolymers of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid, copolymers of methacrylic acid and maleic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid and an ester of a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, copolymers from methacrylic acid and an ester of a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and the alkali metal or ammonium salts of said copolymers.
  • carboxyl group-containing polymers which are obtainable by radical polymerization of the abovementioned monomers in the presence of one of the abovementioned molecular weight regulators, in particular those obtained by free-radical polymerization in aqueous solution in the presence of at least 4% by weight, based on the polymerization used monomers, a water-soluble sulfur compound are available in which the sulfur has the oxidation number +4.
  • a water-soluble sulfur compound are, for.
  • potassium, ammonium or calcium sulfite, sodium, potassium, calcium or ammonium disulfite, sodium, potassium, calcium or ammonium hydrogen sulfite or mixtures thereof for further details on the polymerization, reference is made to WO 01/72853.
  • the molecular weight (number average) of these polymers is typically in the range of 500 to 100,000, preferably in the range of 1000 to 50,000. Particular preference is given to homopolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or copolymers of methacrylic acid and acrylic acid.
  • acid group-containing polymers are:
  • Copolymer of 70% acrylic acid and 30% maleic acid with molecular weight 70000 copolymer of 50% acrylic acid and 50% maleic acid with molecular weight 5000, copolymer of 70% methacrylic acid and 30% maleic acid with molecular weight 5000, copolymer of 70% acrylic acid and 30% methacrylic acid with molecular weight 10000, copolymer of 90% acrylic acid and 10% vinyl sulfonic acid with molecular weight 10,000, copolymer of 50% acrylic acid and 50% methacrylic acid with molecular weight 6000, copolymer of 20% acrylic acid and 80% methacrylic acid with molecular weight 5000, copolymer of 80% acrylic acid and 20% methacrylic acid with molecular weight 4000,
  • Terpolymer of 40% acrylic acid, 40% methacrylic acid and 20% maleic acid with molecular weight 5000.
  • the molecular weights given here are each the number average molecular weight.
  • the reaction of the carboxyl-containing polymers with the alcohols or amines can be carried out in the presence or in the absence of catalysts.
  • the catalysts used are, for example, strong oxo acids such as sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid or hydrohalic acids such as hydrochloric acid. If an acid which acts as a catalyst is used in the reaction, the amounts are up to 10% by weight, preferably up to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of polymers and alcohols or amines containing carboxyl groups.
  • Alcohols or amine can be implemented, can be between 99: 1 to 1: 99 and is preferably in the range of 1: 1 to 5:95 and more preferably in the range of 3: 7 to 1: 9 reacted.
  • the reaction is carried out, for example, by adding the aqueous solutions of the polymer optionally with an acid and the alcohol or amine which acts as catalyst and distilling off the water.
  • the distillation of the water from the mixture is usually carried out under atmospheric pressure, but can also be carried out in vacuum. It is often advantageous to pass a gas stream through the reaction mixture during distillation to more rapidly remove the water and other volatiles. As gas stream, air, nitrogen or water vapor can be used. However, it is also possible to remove the water under reduced pressure and additionally to pass a gas stream through the reaction mixture.
  • Suitable apparatus for this purpose are heatable stirred tank, stirred tank with external heat exchangers, stirred tank with internal heat exchangers, thin film evaporator, kneader or extruder.
  • the evaporating water is removed via a vapor line from the reaction medium and condensed in a heat exchanger. It contains only small amounts of organic ingredients and can be disposed of via a wastewater treatment plant.
  • a condensation reaction between the polymer and the alcohol or amine occurs.
  • the resulting water is also removed from the reaction medium.
  • the reaction is carried out for example at temperatures in the range of 100 to 250 0 C.
  • the temperature depends on the reactor and the residence time. For example, when condensed in a continuously operated extruder or thin film evaporator in which the residence time is only a few seconds or minutes, it is advantageous to temperatures between 150 ° C and apply 250 0 C. In discontinuously operated stirred tanks or kneaders, for example, one requires 1 to 15 hours and performs the condensation mostly in the temperature range of 100 to 200 0 C.
  • reaction mixture After condensation, the reaction mixture is cooled and optionally dissolved in water.
  • Aqueous solutions of the reaction mixture can be prepared, for example, by adding water to the still 50 to 150 0 C warm reaction mass with stirring or by stirring the liquid at temperatures of 50 to 150 0 C liquid reaction mass in water. Usually, enough water is used to obtain a 20 to 95% strength by weight, preferably 30 to 50% strength by weight, aqueous solution of the comb polymer.
  • a neutralization of the remaining acid groups can be carried out by dissolving the condensation product.
  • the neutralizing agent alkali metal, alkaline earth metal oxides or hydroxides in solid form or in the form of 10 to 50% by weight aqueous solutions or slurries in water are used.
  • aqueous solutions of the comb polymers may have pH values in the range from 1 to 12.
  • reaction mass After condensation, the reaction mass may also remain undiluted. Upon cooling, it usually solidifies to a waxy mass, which can be easily remelted. This results in variations for the transport. For example, you can fill the reaction mass in barrels from which the condensation product can be melted again. It can also be transported and stored in a molten state. But it is also possible to prepare and handle aqueous solution.
  • the anhydrous melt can also be mixed with inert powders to obtain free-flowing compacts.
  • inert powders for example, kieselguhr, silica gel, amorphous silica and / or amorphous silica can be used as the inert powder.
  • the comb polymers according to the invention are outstandingly suitable as additives (additives) for preparations of mineral binders, in particular for the addition of cementitious preparations, such as concrete or mortar, and are distinguished in particular by superior properties with respect to their liquefying effect.
  • cement is meant, for example, Portland cement, alumina cement or mixed cement, such as pozzolanic cement, slag cement or other types.
  • the comb polymers according to the invention are suitable for cement mixtures which comprise Portland cement predominantly and in particular at least 80% by weight, based on the cement constituent, of the cement constituents.
  • the comb polymers according to the invention are used for this purpose generally in an amount of 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.05 to 3 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the cement in the cement preparation.
  • the comb polymers of the invention are also particularly suitable for the addition of gypsum and gypsum-containing preparations.
  • the comb polymers according to the invention are used for this purpose generally in an amount of 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.05 to 3 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the gypsum in the gypsum preparation.
  • the comb polymers can be added in solid form or as an aqueous solution to the ready-to-use preparation of the mineral binder. It is also possible to formulate comb polymer present in solid form with the mineral binder and to prepare the ready-to-use cement-containing preparations therefrom.
  • the comb polymer is preferably used in liquid, ie dissolved, emulsified or suspended form, for example in the form of the polymerization solution, in the preparation of the preparation, ie during mixing.
  • the comb polymers according to the invention can also be used in combination with the known concrete flow improvers and / or concrete liquefiers based on naphthalene formaldehyde condensate sulfonate, melamine-formaldehyde condensate sulfonate, phenolsulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensate, lignosulfonates and gluconates.
  • celluloses e.g. As alkyl or Hydroxyalkylcellulo- sen, starches or starch derivatives are used.
  • they may be used in combination with high molecular weight polyethylene oxides (weight-average molecular weight M w in the range of 100,000 to 8,000,000 daltons).
  • customary additives such as air-entraining agents, expansion agents, water repellents, setting retarders, setting accelerators, antifreeze agents, sealants, pigments, corrosion inhibitors, flow agents, injection aids, stabilizers or hollow microspheres can be added to the preparation of the mineral binder.
  • additives are described for example in EN 934.
  • the comb polymers according to the invention can also be used together with film-forming polymers.
  • These are to be understood as meaning those polymers whose glass transition temperature is ⁇ 65 ° C., preferably ⁇ 50 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 25 ° C. and very particularly preferably ⁇ 0 ° C.
  • Fox TG Fox, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. (Ser.ll) 1, 1956, 123
  • suitable polymers See FIG. 1
  • Suitable polymers are the styrene-butadiene polymers and styrene-acrylates which are commercially available for this purpose (see, for example, BH Lutz in D. Distler (ed.), “Wiley Polymer Dispersions” Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 1999, Chapter 10.3 and 10.4, pp. 230-252).
  • Suitable antifoams include, in particular, polyalkylene oxide-based antifoam agents, trialkyl phosphates, such as tributyl phosphate, and silicone-based defoamers. Also suitable are the ethoxylation products and the propoxylation products of alcohols having 10 to 20 carbon atoms. Likewise suitable are the diesters of alkylene glycols or polyalkylene glycols and also other customary antifoams. Antifoams are usually used in amounts of from 0.05% to 10%, and preferably from 0.5% to 5% by weight, based on the comb polymers.
  • the antifoams can be combined with the polymer in a variety of ways.
  • the antifoam agent may be added solid or dissolved to the solution of the comb polymer. If the antifoam agent is not soluble in the aqueous polymer solution, then emulsifiers or protective colloids may be added for its stabilization.
  • the K values of the aqueous sodium salt solutions of the copolymers were determined according to H. Fikentscher, Cellulose-Chemie, Volume 13, 58-64 and 71-74 (1932) in aqueous solution at a pH of 7, a temperature of 25 ° C and a polymer concentration of the sodium salt of the copolymer of 1 wt .-% determined.
  • the determination is carried out by means of the MA30 analyzer from Satorius.
  • the GPC was performed with a device combination from Agilent (1100 series). This includes:
  • the separation took place in a separation column combination.
  • the columns No. 787 and 788 (each 8 x 30 mm) from PSS are used with GRAL BIO linear separator material.
  • the flow rate was 0.8 mL / min at a column temperature of 23 ° C.
  • the resulting solution had a solids content of 34.1% by weight and a pH of 6.8.
  • the K value of the polymer was 37.0.
  • Feed 1 224.7 g of the ester from Example 3 (toluene solution).
  • Feed 2 2.9 g of sodium peroxodisulfate dissolved in 39.1 g of water.
  • Feed 3 17.0 g of 40% strength by weight aqueous sodium bisulfite solution.
  • Example 4 The polymerization was carried out as in Example 4, 241, 9 g of water were presented and the feeds 1 and 2 had the following composition.
  • Feed 1 366 g of the reaction mixture from Example 2 (65% strength by weight), 5.8 g of methacrylic acid and 0.4 g of mercaptoethanol.
  • Feed 2 21, 0 g of a 7.5 wt .-% solution of sodium peroxodisulfate in water.
  • the polymerization was carried out as in Example 4, to give 224.6 g of water and the feeds 1 and 2 had the following composition.
  • Feed 1 341, 5 g of the reaction mixture from Example 2 (65 wt .-%), 12.9 g of methacrylic acid and 1, 0 g mercaptoethanol.
  • Feed 2 30.0 g of a 7.5% strength by weight solution of sodium peroxodisulfate in water.
  • Example 4 The polymerization was carried out as in Example 4, 388.3 g of water were submitted and the feeds 1 and 2 had the following composition.
  • Feed 1 248.7 g of the reaction mixture from Example 2 (65 wt .-%), 69.8 g of the reaction mixture from Comparative Example 2 (65 wt .-%), 22.7 g of methacrylic acid and 1, 7 g mercaptoethanol.
  • Feed 2 42.0 g of a 7.5% strength by weight solution of sodium peroxodisulfate in water.
  • the polymerization was carried out as in Example 4, to give 279.8 g of water and the feeds 1 and 2 had the following composition.
  • Feed 1 123.4 g of the reaction mixture from Example 2 (65 wt .-%), 89.1 g of the reaction mixture from Comparative Example 1 (65 wt .-%), 34.6 g of the reaction mixture from Comparative Example 2 (65 % by weight), 22.7 g of methacrylic acid and 0.7 g of mercaptoethanol.
  • Feed 2 25.7 g of a 7.5% strength by weight solution of sodium peroxodisulfate in water.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des polymères en peigne comportant une structure carbone, des chaînes latérales poly-C2-C4-alkylène-éther et des groupes fonctionnels B se présentant sous la forme de groupes anioniques pour pH > 12, ainsi que les sels de ces polymères. L'invention concerne également l'utilisation de ces polymères en peigne en tant qu'additifs dans des préparations contenant un liant minéral. Les chaînes latérales poly-C2-C4-alkylène-éther ont la formule suivante *-U-(C(O))k-X-(Alk-O)n-Y-Z A, * étant la zone de liaison à la structure carbone du polymère ; U étant une liaison chimique ou un groupe alkylène portant 1 à 8 atomes de carbone ; X étant oxygène ou un groupe NR ; k étant 0 ou 1 ; n étant un entier dont la valeur moyenne est comprise entre 5 et 300 par rapport au polymère ; Alk étant C2-C4-alkylène et pouvant avoir diverses significations dans le groupe (Alk-O)n ; Y étant un groupe alkylène linéaire ou ramifié portant 2 à 8 atomes de C et pouvant porter un cycle phényle ; Z étant un hétérocycle azote à 8 ou 10 éléments, liés par azote, comportant un atome d'azote, des atomes de carbone et 1, 2 ou 3 hétéroatomes supplémentaires choisis parmi oxygène, azote et soufre, les éléments du cycle azote pouvant présenter un groupe R', et 1 ou 2 éléments du cycle azote pouvant se présenter sous la forme de groupes carbonyle ; R étant hydrogène, C4-alkyle ou benzyle ; et, R' étant hydrogène, C1-C4-alkyle ou benzyle.
EP06819275A 2005-11-07 2006-11-06 Polymeres en peigne et utilisation en tant qu'additifs pour la preparation de liants mineraux Withdrawn EP1948573A2 (fr)

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DE102005053019A DE102005053019A1 (de) 2005-11-07 2005-11-07 Kammpolymere und deren Verwendung als Additive für Zubereitungen mineralischer Bindemittel
PCT/EP2006/068143 WO2007051858A2 (fr) 2005-11-07 2006-11-06 Polymeres en peigne et utilisation en tant qu'additifs pour la preparation de liants mineraux

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RU2448922C1 (ru) * 2008-01-31 2012-04-27 Итальчементи С.п.А. Твердая смесь и покрытие на основе сульфоалюминатного или сульфоферроалюминатного клинкера и покрытые таким образом трубы на цементной основе
EP2234934B1 (fr) * 2008-01-31 2019-06-26 ITALCEMENTI S.p.A. Mélange solide et revêtement à base d'un clinker sulfo-alumineux ou sulfo-ferroalumineux et conduits à base de ciment ainsi revêtus
CN101925630A (zh) * 2008-02-01 2010-12-22 陶氏环球技术公司 低二醇含量的单官能烷氧基聚亚烷基二醇及其制备方法
EP2090596A1 (fr) * 2008-02-13 2009-08-19 Construction Research and Technology GmbH Copolymère doté de chaînes latérales de polyéther et de composants d'acide et d'hydroalkyle
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EP2298711B1 (fr) * 2009-09-21 2017-03-15 Sika Technology AG Composition et procédé de fabrication de briques silico-calcaires
EP2468698A1 (fr) * 2010-12-24 2012-06-27 Sika Technology AG Ciment de magnésium
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JP6165756B2 (ja) 2011-11-11 2017-07-19 ローム アンド ハース カンパニーＲｏｈｍ Ａｎｄ Ｈａａｓ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ ポリメタクリル酸無水物テロマー
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