EP3802647A1 - Procédé de production de polymères ramifiés bien définis - Google Patents

Procédé de production de polymères ramifiés bien définis

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Publication number
EP3802647A1
EP3802647A1 EP19724855.2A EP19724855A EP3802647A1 EP 3802647 A1 EP3802647 A1 EP 3802647A1 EP 19724855 A EP19724855 A EP 19724855A EP 3802647 A1 EP3802647 A1 EP 3802647A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
meth
acrylate
mol
polyalkylene glycol
alkyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19724855.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürg WEIDMANN
Markus FRIEDERICH
Christina Hampel
Jörg ZIMMERMANN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sika Technology AG
Original Assignee
Sika Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sika Technology AG filed Critical Sika Technology AG
Priority to EP21187001.9A priority Critical patent/EP3940010A1/fr
Priority to EP21187002.7A priority patent/EP3940011A1/fr
Publication of EP3802647A1 publication Critical patent/EP3802647A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
    • C08F293/005—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule using free radical "living" or "controlled" polymerisation, e.g. using a complexing agent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/2641—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates
    • C04B24/2647—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates containing polyether side chains
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/16—Sulfur-containing compounds
    • C04B24/161—Macromolecular compounds comprising sulfonate or sulfate groups
    • C04B24/163—Macromolecular compounds comprising sulfonate or sulfate groups obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/165—Macromolecular compounds comprising sulfonate or sulfate groups obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing polyether side chains
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/243—Phosphorus-containing polymers
    • C04B24/246—Phosphorus-containing polymers containing polyether side chains
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
    • C08F220/14—Methyl esters, e.g. methyl (meth)acrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
    • C08F290/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated end groups
    • C08F290/06—Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
    • C08F290/062—Polyethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/40—Surface-active agents, dispersants
    • C04B2103/408—Dispersants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2438/00—Living radical polymerisation
    • C08F2438/03—Use of a di- or tri-thiocarbonylthio compound, e.g. di- or tri-thioester, di- or tri-thiocarbamate, or a xanthate as chain transfer agent, e.g . Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer [RAFT] or Macromolecular Design via Interchange of Xanthates [MADIX]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/54—Aqueous solutions or dispersions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the preparation of well-defined
  • Comb polymers with block or gradient structure and their use as dispersants are Comb polymers with block or gradient structure and their use as dispersants.
  • Comb polymers have been used for many years as superplasticizers in concrete processing. This allows the concrete properties such as
  • Such comb polymers typically have a polymer backbone with attached acid groups and polyether side chains.
  • the comb polymers are usually by free radical copolymerization of
  • Comb polymers can also be prepared by polymer-analogous esterification of carboxyl groups in polycarboxylates, for example
  • Polymethacrylic acid be obtained with unilaterally closed polyethers.
  • comb polymers with random distribution of the monomer units there are also comb polymers with non-random distribution of the acid groups and the side chains along the polymer backbone, for example comb polymers with block or gradient structure.
  • WO 2015/144886 describes a block copolymer of monomers comprising acid groups and monomers comprising polyether chains as dispersants for mineral binder compositions.
  • the block copolymer contains one block of monomers containing acid groups and less than 25 mole% of polyether chain-containing monomers, and one block of the Comprising polyether chains and less than 25 mole percent of acid group-containing monomers.
  • WO 2017/050907 describes a copolymer with gradient structure as a dispersing agent for mineral binder compositions.
  • the copolymer comprises ionizable monomer units and side chain-carrying monomer units.
  • polyalkylene glycol (meth) acrylates are particularly well suited.
  • WO 2006 024538 describes a process for the preparation of polyalkylene glycol (meth) acrylates by reacting (meth) acrylic anhydride with a polyalkylene glycol compound having at least one OH group
  • EP 0 884 290 describes a process for the preparation of polycarboxylic acids by esterifying a polyalkylene glycol with an excess of methacrylic acid and subsequently polymerizing the reaction mixture comprising the polyalkylene glycol (meth) acrylate and methacrylic acid.
  • polyalkylene glycol (meth) acrylates contain 5% by weight or more of methacrylic acid.
  • Dimethacrylates which worsen the properties of the polymers produced therewith, in particular their effect as a dispersant. There therefore remains a need for block or gradient comb polymers having improved properties and improved,
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a process with which comb polymers having a block or gradient structure are improved
  • the comb polymers are intended as
  • Dispersants for fine powders in particular inorganic binder compositions, can be used.
  • the process should continue to be cost-effective.
  • the comb polymers with block or gradient structure which have at least one portion of polyalkylene glycol side chains and in this section contain no or very few acid groups, a better dispersing effect for inorganic powder, especially for hydraulically setting building materials, as comb polymers with block or
  • the invention relates to a process for the preparation of comb polymers with block or gradient structure, wherein at least a portion A of the
  • a comb polymer is formed by polymerizing a monomer mixture M comprising a polyalkylene glycol (meth) acrylate, wherein the monomer mixture M comprises less than 2% by weight of (meth) acrylic acid, based on the weight of the polyalkylene glycol (meth) acrylate present in the monomer mixture M.
  • the monomer mixture M preferably has less than 1.8% by weight, more preferably less than 1.6% by weight, especially preferably less than 1.4
  • Such a monomer mixture M is especially well suited for producing well-defined block and gradient polymers.
  • comb polymers having at least one polymer section A can be obtained which has only a few or no acid groups, which significantly improves the properties of the comb polymers, in particular as dispersants for inorganic powders.
  • (meth) acrylate in the present document is both an ester of
  • Methacrylic acid as well as an ester of acrylic acid understood.
  • (meth) acrylic acid means both methacrylic acid and acrylic acid.
  • unilaterally closed polyalkylene glycol is meant in the present document a polyalkylene glycol having at one end a hydroxyl group and at the other end has a non-reactive group such as an alkoxy, cycloalkoxy or alkylaryloxy group.
  • comb polymer in the present document a polymer comprising a substantially linear polymer backbone and side chains.
  • substantially linear in the present document is meant a polymer chain which contains no deliberately introduced branches.
  • comb polymer having a block or gradient structure is meant in the present document a comb polymer in which the monomer units are present in non-random sequence, that is to say the sequence is not obtained by chance. Such a sequence is not obtained under the usual conditions of free radical copolymerization or polymer-analogous reaction. At least one monomer unit is enriched in the non-random sequence in at least a portion of the polymer backbone.
  • monomer mixture in the present document is meant a solution, a liquid or a solid comprising at least one free-radically polymerizable monomer.
  • the polyalkylene glycol (meth) acrylate of the monomer mixture M preferably has a structure of the formula I
  • R 1 each independently of one another, is H or -CH 3,
  • Each R 2 is independently H, a C 1 to C 20 alkyl group,
  • A is C2-C4-alkylene
  • n 2 to 250.
  • [A-O] n is polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or a polyether consisting of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol units, the ethylene glycol and propylene glycol units being blockwise or random
  • the polyether consists of at least 50 mol%, preferably at least 70 mol%, in particular at least 90 mol%, of ethylene glycol units.
  • ethylene glycol units preferably at least 70 mol%, in particular at least 90 mol%, of ethylene glycol units.
  • [A-Ojn for polyethylene glycol is especially preferred.
  • n 5 to 200, more preferably 8 to 160, in particular 9 to 130, in particular 10 to 120 or 12 to 70.
  • the polyalkylene glycol (meth) acrylate is preferably obtained by transesterification of an alkyl (meth) acrylate with a polyalkylene glycol sealed on one side or by alkoxylation of a hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate.
  • the polyalkylene glycol (meth) acrylate is obtained by alkoxylation of a hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate, preferably hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate or hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate.
  • R 2 of formula I is Fl.
  • the monomer mixture M is preferred by the following steps:
  • the polyalkylene glycol (meth) acrylate is obtained by transesterification of an alkyl (meth) acrylate with a polyalkylene glycol sealed on one side.
  • R 2 of the formula I is a C 1 to C 20 alkyl group
  • the monomer mixture M is preferred by the following steps:
  • R 1 , R 2 , A, [A-O] n and n are as previously described, wherein R 2 is not H + here, and
  • R 3 in each case independently of one another, is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl or ethyl group, in particular a methyl group.
  • n is preferably a number from 10 to 120, in particular from 12 to 70.
  • the alkyl (meth) acrylate of the formula II is preferably methyl methacrylate.
  • the polyalkylene glycol of the formula III which is closed on one side is preferably polyethylene glycol mono-methyl ether.
  • the transesterification is advantageously carried out with an excess of alkyl (meth) acrylate.
  • the molar ratio of alkyl (meth) acrylate to unilaterally closed polyalkylene glycol is 1: 1 to 50: 1, in particular 1: 5: 1 to 20: 1, in particular 2: 1 to 10: 1.
  • the reaction rate can be increased and the reaction conversion can be improved.
  • an esterification catalyst is used for the transesterification. All common catalysts are suitable in principle. Suitable catalysts are, for example, alkaline or acidic catalysts.
  • catalysts are alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal alkoxides, sulfuric acid, sulfonic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, strongly basic or acid ion exchangers, phosphorus compounds such as phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid or hypophosphorous acid or its salts, or titanium or
  • a catalyst which disturbs a living radical polymerization, in particular by means of the RAFT mechanism, it is advantageously removed from the reaction mixture before it is used to prepare the comb polymer.
  • a polymerization inhibitor is advantageously used.
  • Polymerization inhibitors are the
  • Dosing of the polymerization is not excessive. Preference is given to excess during and / or after transesterification
  • Alkyl (meth) acrylate partially or completely removed from the reaction mixture, in particular distilled off.
  • the reaction mixture obtained after the transesterification is preferably used without further work-up steps for the polymerization for the preparation of the comb polymer.
  • the monomer mixture M advantageously comprises the reaction mixture obtained by transesterification of the alkyl (meth) acrylate with the one-sided closed
  • Polyalkylene glycol is obtained and in addition to the polyalkylene glycol (meth) - acrylate still at least one compound selected from the group comprising alkyl (meth) acrylate, one-sided closed polyalkylene glycol,
  • the monomer mixture especially if it was obtained by transesterification of an alkyl (meth) acrylate with a polyalkylene glycol sealed on one side, without special purification steps very well for the production of comb polymers with block or gradient structure, in particular by means of RAFT polymerization.
  • the monomer mixture M preferably comprises polyalkylene glycol (meth) acrylate and alkyl (meth) acrylate in a molar ratio of 1: 0 to 1:10, preferably 1: 0.01 to 1: 8, in particular 1: 0.1 to 1: 6, in particular 1 : 0.2 to 1: 4.
  • the monomer mixture M advantageously also comprises at least one further, nonionic monomer which is copolymerizable with the polyalkylene glycol (meth) acrylate, in particular
  • Alkyl (meth) acrylate, vinyl acetate, styrene and / or hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate can be added to the monomer mixture M at any time between the end of the transesterification reaction or the alkoxylation and the beginning of the polymerization.
  • the monomer mixture M is 10 to 90% by weight
  • Transesterification or alkoxylation of the reaction mixture solvent can be added.
  • Preferred solvents are water or water-miscible organic liquids, preferably water.
  • Monomer M contains no solvent.
  • the aqueous monomer mixture M advantageously has a pH of 1.5 to 10, in particular 2 to 8, on.
  • the comb polymer with block or gradient structure is advantageously prepared by means of living radical polymerization.
  • NMP nitroxide mediated polymerization
  • ATRP atom transfer radical polymerization
  • RAFT reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization
  • Living free radical polymerization occurs essentially in the absence of irreversible transfer or termination reactions.
  • the number of active chain ends is low and remains substantially constant during the polymerization. This is achieved, for example, in RAFT polymerization by the use of a RAFT agent and a small amount of initiator. This allows substantially simultaneous growth of the chains throughout the polymerization process. This gives rise to the possibility of preparing block or gradient polymers with this process, and correspondingly results in a narrow molecular weight distribution or polydispersity of the polymer. This is not possible in the conventional "free radical polymerization" or the non-living carried out free radical polymerization.
  • the comb polymer with block or gradient structure is prepared by means of RAFT polymerization.
  • RAFT agents are dithioester, dithiocarbamate, trithiocarbonate or xanthate.
  • Advantageous initiators are azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), he, cr'-azodiisobutyramidines dihydrochloride (AAPFI) or azo-bis-isobutyramidine (AIBA).
  • AIBN azobisisobutyronitrile
  • AAPFI cr'-azodiisobutyramidines dihydrochloride
  • AIBA azo-bis-isobutyramidine
  • the polymerization of the monomer mixture M to form the at least one section A and the further steps for Fier ein the comb polymer by living free radical polymerization, preferably RAFT polymerization, in particular directly after the transesterification, preferably in the same reactor.
  • the polymerization of the monomer mixture M to form the portion A by the following steps:
  • Alkyl (meth) acrylate was obtained with a unilaterally closed polyalkylene glycol or by alkoxylating a hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate with at least one alkylene oxide, preferably with water, to 10 to 90% by weight,
  • the comb polymer with block or gradient structure preferably has the following structural units:
  • R 1 each independently of one another, is H or -CH 3,
  • R 2 each independently, is H, a C 1 to C 20 alkyl group
  • R 3 each independently, is an alkyl group of 1 to 5
  • R 4 each independently, is -COOM, -SO 2 -OM,
  • R 5 each independently of one another, is H, -CH 2 COOM or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms,
  • R 6 each independently, is H or an alkyl group of 1 to 5 Carbon atoms
  • R 7 each independently of one another, is H, -COOM or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms,
  • M independently of one another, is H + , alkali metal ion, alkaline earth metal ion, divalent or trivalent metal ion, ammonium ion or an organic ammonium group;
  • A C2-C4 alkylene
  • n 2 to 250
  • Structural unit S4 is derived from an unsaturated monomer which is einpolymerisierbar in the comb polymer, in particular vinyl acetate, styrene and / or hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate.
  • the structural unit S1 exists predominantly in the section A and the structural unit S2 predominantly in a section other than the section A of the comb polymer.
  • the structural units S3 and S4 may, independently of each other, be present in all sections of the comb polymer having a block or gradient structure.
  • comb polymers with a block or gradient structure comprising the structural units S1, S2 and optionally S3 and / or S4, in which R 1 and R 5 , in each case independently of one another, are H or -CH 3,
  • R 2 and R 3 are -CH 3 ,
  • R 4 is -COOM
  • R 6 and R 7 are H
  • each independently of one another is ethenyl or propenyl, preferably ethenyl,
  • n 5 to 200, in particular 10 to 120, and
  • M independently of one another, represents H + , alkali metal ion or alkaline earth metal ion.
  • the comb polymer having a block or gradient structure consists of structural units S1 and S2.
  • the comb polymer contains the structural units S1, S2 and S3.
  • the structural unit S4 in 0 to 50 mol%, in particular 2 to 35 mol%, in particular 3 to 30 mol%, or 5 to 20 mol%, based on the sum of all structural units S1, S2, S3 and S4, available in comb polymer.
  • the at least one section A of the comb polymer with block or gradient structure advantageously has an average of at least 90 mol%, preferably at least 95 mol%, in particular at least 98 mol%, based on all the structural units in section A, of structural units S1, S3 and / or S4 formed, wherein
  • Structural unit S1 to at least 10 mol%, preferably at least 20 mol%, more preferably at least 50 mol%, in the section A is present.
  • the at least one section A preferably comprises at least 90 mol% of structural units S1 and S3, with structural unit S1 being present in section A to at least 10 mol%, preferably at least 20 mol%, more preferably at least 50 mol% ,
  • the at least one section A of the polymer chain preferably exists
  • Comb polymers of such structure are particularly well suited as dispersants for fine powders.
  • the comb polymer having a block or gradient structure preferably comprises at least one section B in addition to the at least one section A.
  • the at least one section A is preferably at the beginning of the polymer chain, "beginning of the polymer chain” meaning the region of the polymer backbone which is in the living radical polymerization is formed first.
  • the at least one section B is at the end of the polymer chain, by "end of the polymer chain” is meant the area of the polymer backbone that is last formed in the living radical polymerization. Section B is therefore preferably at the other end of the polymer chain compared to
  • the at least one section B preferably has an average of at least 40 mol%, in particular at least 60 mol%, in particular at least 80 mol%, based on all structural units in section B, of structural units S2.
  • the at least one section B preferably has a maximum of 60 mol%
  • the at least one portion B is directly obtained by continuing the living free radical polymerization in which the monomer mixture M has been polymerized to the portion A, by the steps:
  • a section of the polymer chain independently of one another, has at least 5, in particular at least 7, in particular at least 10,
  • a section A preferably has 5-70, in particular 7-60, preferably 20-50, structural units.
  • a section B preferably has 5-70, in particular 7-60, preferably 20-50, structural units.
  • the comb polymer still has a section C.
  • Section C advantageously lies between sections A and B.
  • Section C in this case preferably forms an intermediate region between the structures of section A and those of section B.
  • Section C comprises as intermediate region preferably structural units which are also present in sections A and B.
  • Section C can also have a self-contained area with predominantly
  • Structural units S3 and / or S4 include.
  • Section C may also be present subsequently to sections A and B and comprise predominantly structural units S3 and / or S4.
  • the comb polymer has a polydispersity of less than 1.5, preferably in the range of 1.0 to 1.4, in particular in the range of 1.1 to 1.3, on.
  • polydispersity is meant the ratio of weight average molecular weight Mw to number average molecular weight Mn, both in g / mol.
  • the weight-average molecular weight Mw of the entire comb polymer is in particular in the range from 8 ⁇ 00 to 100 ⁇ 00 g / mol, advantageously 10 ⁇ 00 to 80 ⁇ 00 g / mol, in particular 12 ⁇ 00 to 50 ⁇ 00 g / mol.
  • molecular weights such as weight average molecular weight Mw and number average molecular weight Mn are determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a standard.
  • a preferred method of making comb polymers having improved block or gradient structure comprises the following steps:
  • reaction mixture obtained preferably with water, to from 10 to 90, in particular from 20 to 60,% by weight,
  • alkyl (meth) acrylate selected from the group comprising alkyl (meth) acrylate, vinyl acetate, styrene and hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate,
  • alkyl (meth) acrylate in particular selected from the group comprising alkyl (meth) acrylate, vinyl acetate, styrene and hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate, preferably hydroxyethyl acrylate, to the reaction mixture and
  • Another preferred method of making comb polymers having improved block or gradient structure comprises the following steps:
  • Hydroxyethyl methacrylate or hydroxypropyl methacrylate with at least one alkylene oxide, in particular ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, using a suitable catalyst, in particular up to a degree of alkoxylation of 2 to 250, preferably 5 to 200, more preferably 8 to 160, especially preferably 9 to 130, im Special 10 to 120, or 12 to 70,
  • reaction mixture obtained preferably with water, to from 10 to 90, in particular from 20 to 60,% by weight,
  • alkyl (meth) acrylate selected from the group comprising alkyl (meth) acrylate, vinyl acetate, styrene and hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate,
  • alkyl (meth) acrylate in particular selected from the group comprising alkyl (meth) acrylate, vinyl acetate, styrene and hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate, preferably hydroxyethyl acrylate, to the reaction mixture and
  • the acid group-comprising monomer is preferably a monomer which is represented in polymerized form by the structural unit S2 of the formula V.
  • the acid group-comprising monomer is preferably acrylic acid and / or
  • Methacrylic acid more preferably methacrylic acid.
  • steps i and ii can be carried out separately from the polymerization, that is, steps v to viii, in particular spatially separated into different ones
  • Steps iii and iv can be carried out here, each independently of one another, either directly after step ii, in particular in the same reactor, or separated in time and / or space until shortly before step v.
  • Another object of the invention is the use of the comb polymer, prepared by a process according to the invention, as a dispersant for fine powders, in particular for inorganic binders.
  • a suitable inorganic binder is in particular a binder which reacts in the presence of water in a hydration reaction to solid hydrates or hydrate phases.
  • the comb polymer as a dispersant for a hydraulic binder, which can be hardened with water under water, in particular cement or a latent hydraulic binder, which sets under the action of additives with water, such as blast furnace slag, or a pozzolanic Binders, such as in particular fly ash or silica dust, or gypsum hemihydrate or anhydrite.
  • cementitious applications in particular cement pastes, mortar or concrete.
  • the comb polymers produced by a process according to the invention exhibit excellent liquefaction action in these applications and no or only a slight delay in the setting.
  • Another object of the invention is a molding, in particular a component of a building, obtainable by curing an aqueous inorganic binder composition comprising at least one inorganic binder and a comb polymer, prepared according to a
  • a building can be eg a bridge, a building, a tunnel, a roadway, or a runway.
  • the described comb polymers are also outstandingly suitable for dispersing non-hydraulically setting powders.
  • powders are calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) particles, carbon dusts, pigments, ground cement, gypsum dihydrate or titanium dioxide.
  • Molecular weight M n of the polymers were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the standard.
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • RI detector 2414 from Waters, USA
  • the polydispersity was calculated as the ratio M w / M n .
  • the solids content of the solutions was determined using a halogen dryer type HG 63 from Mettler Toledo, Switzerland.
  • Methyl methacrylate and 150 g (0.3 mol) of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (M w 500) were mixed and then added with stirring 2.94 g of concentrated sulfuric acid and 2.1 g of phenothiazine.
  • the reaction mixture was added Stirring heated to 120 ° C.
  • the methanol formed during the reaction was distilled off continuously. After 8 hours, the temperature was raised to 135 ° C and the methanol and remaining methyl methacrylate distilled off.
  • the monomer mixture M1 was diluted after the preparation in the same reaction vessel with 600 ml of water and heated to 80 ° C. A slight stream of inert gas (N2) was passed through the stirred solution during the warm-up and the entire remaining reaction time. 7.7 g of 4-cyano-4- (thiobenzoylthio) pentanoic acid (0.027 mol, RAFT reagent) were added. After the substance had completely dissolved, 1.34 g of azobisisobutyronitrile (0.008 mol) was added. From now on, the turnover was determined regularly by HPLC. As soon as the reaction, based on methoxy-polyethylene glycol methacrylate, was more than 85%, the reaction mixture was 95.3 g
  • a reddish polymer solution was obtained.
  • the molecular weight Mw of the polymer was 36,200 g / mol and the polydispersity 1.21.
  • Reaction mixture diluted in the same reaction vessel with 600 ml of water and heated to 80 ° C. A slight stream of inert gas (N2) was passed through the stirred solution during the warm-up and the entire remaining reaction time. 7.7 g of 4-cyano-4- (thiobenzoylthio) pentanoic acid (0.027 mol, RAFT reagent) were added. After the substance had completely dissolved, 1.34 g of azobisisobutyronitrile (0.008 mol) was added. From now on, the turnover was determined regularly by HPLC. Once the implementation, based on
  • Methoxy-polyethylene glycol methacrylate over 50%, was 95.3 g
  • Methacrylic acid (1.1 mol) added dropwise within 20 minutes the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was then stirred for a further 2 hours at 80.degree. A reddish polymer solution was obtained. The molecular weight Mw of the polymer was 35 ⁇ 00 g / mol and the polydispersity was 1.20.
  • the monomer mixtures M2 to M9 used for the preparation of comb polymers had the composition shown in Table 1.
  • Table 1 shows the composition of the monomer mixtures M2 to M9 in mol%, the water content of the mixtures in% by weight, and the weight% of methacrylic acid based on methoxy-polyethylene glycol M OOO methacrylate.
  • Methacrylic acid (1.1 mol) was added. It was allowed to react for an additional 2 hours. After cooling, a reddish polymer solution was obtained, which was adjusted to a solids content of about 40% by weight by addition of water.
  • the comb polymers P4 to P10 were prepared similarly to comb polymer P3, but instead of the monomer mixture M2, the monomer mixtures M3 to M9 were used for the comb polymers P4 to P10, as shown in Table 1. In each case, such an amount of monomer mixture was used which contained 0.3 moles of total monomer.
  • the mortar mixture used for test purposes has the in Table 2
  • Table 3 gives an overview of the mortar tests carried out (T1 to T8).
  • the dosage of the respective comb polymer was 0.5% by weight of a

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
  • Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production de polymères ramifiés améliorés présentant une structure en bloc ou à gradient. Les polymères ramifiés conviennent très bien à la dispersion de poudres fines.
EP19724855.2A 2018-05-31 2019-05-22 Procédé de production de polymères ramifiés bien définis Withdrawn EP3802647A1 (fr)

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DE19602035C2 (de) * 1996-01-20 1998-04-02 Roehm Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Alkoxypolyglycol(meth)acrylaten
JP3327809B2 (ja) * 1996-04-03 2002-09-24 株式会社日本触媒 セメント分散剤、セメントの分散方法およびセメント組成物
US6166112A (en) 1997-03-10 2000-12-26 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Cement admixture and cement composition
DE69825168T2 (de) * 1997-08-25 2005-07-28 Arco Chemical Technology, L.P., Greenville Herstellung von funktionalisierten polyethern
PL203954B1 (pl) 2000-04-20 2009-11-30 Bayer Ag Sposób wytwarzania katalizatorów DMC
US7745553B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2010-06-29 University Of Sydney Aqueous dispersions of polymer particles
GB0228537D0 (en) * 2002-12-06 2003-01-15 Syngenta Ltd Particulate suspensions
DE102004042799A1 (de) 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Poly-(C2-C4-alkylenglykol)-mono(meth)acrylsäureestern
WO2007026842A1 (fr) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-08 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Polyalkylène glycol
CN101289533B (zh) * 2008-06-13 2011-06-01 中山大学 一种聚乙二醇单甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯的合成方法
CN102633959B (zh) * 2012-03-27 2013-09-25 华南理工大学 一种具有pH响应性的梳状共聚物及其制法和应用
CN106133015B (zh) * 2014-03-27 2019-12-17 Sika技术股份公司 嵌段共聚物
US20180265615A1 (en) * 2015-09-24 2018-09-20 Sika Technology Ag Production of dispersants by living radical polymerization
EP3353129A1 (fr) 2015-09-24 2018-08-01 Sika Technology AG Copolymères présentant une structure à gradients
US10745322B2 (en) * 2015-09-24 2020-08-18 Sika Technology Ag Copolymers having a gradient structure as dispersant for alkalinically activated binding agents

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EP3940010A1 (fr) 2022-01-19
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CN112004849A (zh) 2020-11-27
US20210024415A1 (en) 2021-01-28
EP3940011A1 (fr) 2022-01-19
JP2021525288A (ja) 2021-09-24
WO2019228883A1 (fr) 2019-12-05

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