EP1948263B1 - Tuyaux de guidage pour les nerfs - Google Patents

Tuyaux de guidage pour les nerfs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1948263B1
EP1948263B1 EP06818569.3A EP06818569A EP1948263B1 EP 1948263 B1 EP1948263 B1 EP 1948263B1 EP 06818569 A EP06818569 A EP 06818569A EP 1948263 B1 EP1948263 B1 EP 1948263B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nerve guide
nerve
guide according
gelatin
shaped body
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EP06818569.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1948263A2 (fr
Inventor
Michael Ahlers
Burkhard Schlosshauer
Lars Dreesmann
Martin Lietz
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Gelita AG
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Gelita AG
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Priority to PL06818569T priority Critical patent/PL1948263T3/pl
Publication of EP1948263A2 publication Critical patent/EP1948263A2/fr
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
    • A61L29/04—Macromolecular materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • A61B17/1128—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis of nerves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/14—Macromolecular materials
    • A61L27/22—Polypeptides or derivatives thereof, e.g. degradation products
    • A61L27/222—Gelatin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L27/56—Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/04—Macromolecular materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
    • A61L2430/32—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for nerve reconstruction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a nerve guide, comprising a molding of a resorbable material.
  • Nerve guide rails of the type described above are used in lesions of the nervous system to attach to the ends of injured nerves and to bridge the gap between the two ends.
  • the nerve guide provides the nerve fibers (axons) with a space to grow and, ideally, on the other hand, provides protection against the penetration of scar-forming connective tissue cells (fibroblasts).
  • the two ends of the nerve guide absorb the two nerve stumps created during the lesion and bridge the gap between them.
  • the lumen of the nerveguide remaining between the stumps of nerves gives direction to the regenerating axons and avoids misdirected growth thereof, promoting targeted regeneration.
  • Biodegradable or resorbable Nervenleitschienen are preferred over non-absorbable, since after a restoration of the nerve fibers or in the course of the Nervenleitschiene is degraded and thus, in contrast to the non-absorbable Nervenleitschienen a possibly further surgery to remove the same is avoided, which itself in turn involves a risk of damaging the nerve fibers.
  • the stability against absorption mechanisms must be adjustable, which is a challenge.
  • the aim of nerve regeneration by means of nerve guide is the restoration of motor and sensory functions as well as the suppression of misdirected nerve growth and painful neuroma formation.
  • Regenerative medicine can offer only insufficient therapies for nerve fiber damage to the nervous system. Although most adult neurons retain the ability to regenerate axons in principle, only limited functional regeneration occurs in the peripheral nervous system and virtually none in the central nervous system.
  • An operative bridging of lesioned / inhibitory areas is, in principle, a successful therapeutic strategy, for which, in practice, almost exclusively autologous nerve grafts have been used so far (usually the calf sub-leg nerve).
  • Nerve fibers as hollow tubes have recently been developed from various inert and absorbable, purely synthetic polymers and biological components such as polysaccharides, collagen or specifically crosslinked gelatin materials.
  • Nervenleitschienen which comprise a shaped body based on crosslinked gelatin.
  • the EP 1 254 671 A1 discloses an instrument for regenerating a tissue or organ, in particular nerves, comprising a carrier and a sponge-like fine matrix inside the carrier, both formed from a biodegradable or bioabsorbable material, and a linear channel for guiding a tissue or organ of a living organism, wherein the linear channel comprises at least one fiber in the interior of the carrier in the longitudinal direction thereof.
  • the EP 0 945 145 A1 discloses an artificial tube for nerves, comprising a tube with coatings of gelatin or collagen on the inner and outer surface of the tube, and a collagen body with cavities in its lumen, which pass through the tube substantially parallel to its axis, the cavities with filled with a matrix gel containing collagen, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, entactin and growth factor.
  • the object of the present invention is to further improve the nerve guide described above, in order to allow the most unimpeded development of the axons in the regeneration.
  • Nervenleitschienen can still be adjusted in the operating room in length and other concerns.
  • Gelatin-based materials can also be defined and reproducibly produced in the composition and the absorption properties. In addition, such materials are calculable with respect to their (patho) physiological responses. Furthermore, the materials generally have the required biocompatibility and are neither toxic, infectious nor proinflammatory.
  • the gelatin-based materials are also suitable for producing nerve guide rails that meet the mechanical requirements of an implant.
  • the materials can be formulated to have sufficient flexibility during surgery by the surgeon at surgery as well as postoperatively as an implant inserted, thus avoiding compression of the nerves and allowing adaptation to movements of body parts of the treated patient.
  • sufficiently tear-resistant nerve guide rails can be produced, which allow the implant to be sutured to the nerve stumps which have arisen during the lesion.
  • a layer of the nerve guide rail which may be part of the molding, is semi-permeable. This means that a nutrient and gas diffusion between the lumen and the surroundings of the nerve guide in the radial direction is possible as freely as possible, while on the other hand a diffusion of undesired substances, in particular the penetration of cells such. Fibroblasts from which surrounding tissue is prevented.
  • the semi-permeable layer of the nerve guide e.g. Have pores which are smaller than about 0.5 microns on average.
  • nanopores cells can not pass, while on the other hand, a nutrient and gas diffusion through such pores can happen almost unhindered.
  • a gel structure can be used which, on the one hand, still allows nutrient and gas diffusion, on the other hand acts as a cell barrier.
  • the nerve guide as semipermeable layer has a barrier layer, which is substantially impermeable to positively charged species, especially cells, especially fibroblasts, since cells often carry positive charges on their surface and therefore poorly adherent to positively charged surfaces.
  • Another embodiment has a semipermeable layer which has an extremely high hydrophilicity and also here it is observed that cell diffusion through such a layer is severely hindered.
  • a similar effect can also be achieved with a layer which is hydrophobic. Again, cell migration is significantly reduced.
  • hydrophobic layers may be formed of a material comprising a fatty acid residue modified gelatin.
  • a material comprising a fatty acid residue modified gelatin is the dodecenyl-succinated gelatin.
  • the gelatin at the amino groups of the lysine groups in particular at 10 to 80% of the lysine groups, will preferably be modified with fatty acid residues.
  • the nerve guide rail or its moldings have immobilized repulsion proteins on the outer surface as a semipermeable layer, e.g. Semaphorins that impede cell migration.
  • the mechanical strength of the nerve guide rails according to the invention already mentioned above must be determined during application, ie during use as an implant, allow suturing.
  • the strength required for this, in particular also tear propagation resistance against the sewing materials used can be achieved in particular by the use of reinforcing materials, which are embedded in particular in the gelatin-based material.
  • the reinforcing substances should be physiologically compatible and best also absorbable.
  • the stability against absorption mechanisms can also be influenced to some extent.
  • the resorption stability of the reinforcing agents can be determined independently of the other components, e.g. the gelatin based material, choose the nerve guide.
  • the reinforcing materials show a marked improvement in the mechanical properties of the nerve guide rails.
  • the reinforcing materials can be selected from particulate and molecular reinforcing materials as well as mixtures thereof.
  • reinforcing fibers are recommended for the particulate reinforcing materials.
  • polysaccharide and protein fibers such as collagen fibers, silk and cotton fibers, as well as polylactide fibers or mixtures thereof, are recommended.
  • molecular enhancers are also suitable for improving the mechanical properties and, if desired, the resorption stability of the nerve guide.
  • Preferred molecular reinforcing agents are in particular polylactide polymers and their derivatives, cellulose derivatives and chitosan and its derivatives.
  • the molecular reinforcing substances can also be used as mixtures.
  • the shaped body of the nerve guide will comprise at least a portion of the reinforcing material or substances.
  • the reinforcing materials are embedded in a matrix of the gelatin-based material or are present in a molecular mixture with the gelatin-based material.
  • Preferred embodiments of the nerve guide rails have a multilayer molding, which makes it possible to provide the individual layers with specific functions, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • one of the layers may function as the semipermeable layer.
  • gelatin-based material in particular high molecular gelatin, has an angiogenesis-promoting effect, so that the formation of blood vessel capillaries is promoted simultaneously with the implantation of the nerve guide according to the invention in addition to the actual basic function of providing a guide rail for nerve growth, so that the environment the nerve guide, ie the newly developing axon, is increasingly supplied with nutrients.
  • the gelatin-based material will comprise gelatin as the main component, which means that it will have to be compared to other possible other components, e.g. other resorbable biopolymers such as e.g. Polysaccharides or hyaluronic acid gelatin represents the largest proportion of the material.
  • other resorbable biopolymers such as e.g. Polysaccharides or hyaluronic acid gelatin represents the largest proportion of the material.
  • the gelatin provides the majority of the gelatin-based material.
  • the gelatin provides substantially all of the gelatin-based material.
  • the preferred high molecular weight gelatin in the gelatin-based material preferably has a bloom value in the range of about 160 g to 300 g.
  • the high molecular gelatin in the gelatin-based material offers further advantages, which will be discussed in more detail below on the question of the degree of crosslinking.
  • a gelatin which is low in endotoxins with pigskin gelatin in particular being suitable here.
  • a gelatin preferably has an endotoxin content, measured according to the LAL test (see fourth edition of the European Pharmacopoeia Ph. Eur. 4) of 1,200 IU / g or less, in particular also 200 IU / g or less.
  • Particularly careful work can even achieve endotoxin levels of eg 140 IU / g or even up to 50 IU / g.
  • Gelatine of other origin or produced by other methods may have endotoxic levels of more than 20,000 I.U./g.
  • a careful selection of the permitted raw materials especially only freshly isolated and delivered pork rind and the exclusion of the use of chilled goods, the immediate use of the raw material without longer transport or storage periods, a separate cleaning of the entire process plant before production of special batches, possibly including the use of ion exchangers and filter systems, to a very drastic reduction in endotoxin levels.
  • the nerve guide bars according to the invention typically have lengths in the range of 0.5 to 50 cm. In the case that the nerve guide has a single hollow tube as a shaped body, this has an outer diameter of about 1 to 30 mm.
  • the wall thickness, depending on whether the molded body is formed in one or more layers, is for example 0.02 to 5 mm.
  • the outer diameter is in each case preferably in the range from 100 to 800 ⁇ m.
  • fascicles In the normal nerve, smaller groups of axons are present in so-called fascicles.
  • a nerve guide with several moldings with the preferred diameters given above simulates this structure.
  • tubular hollow bodies from gelatin-based materials poses a particular challenge.
  • the production of nerve guide rails for nerve regeneration in the peripheral nervous system requires relatively small dimensions.
  • the dimensions should be reproducible and the manufacturing process should not be too complicated.
  • a preferred method is the dipping method in which a mandrel is dipped one or more times in a solution of the gelatin-based material and allowed to dry at least partially therebetween.
  • a hollow body with a larger diameter and wall thickness is produced in a first step and this hollow body then stretched into a hollow tube having the desired outer diameter and the desired wall thickness in its longitudinal direction.
  • the gelatin-based material is therefore preferably used with a proportion of plasticizer which is in the range from 12 to 40% by weight, in particular in the range from 16 to 25% by weight.
  • the use of the plasticizers leads, as expected, to greater flexibility of the nerve guide rail, which simplifies their handling when inserted as an implant.
  • gelatin containing such levels of plasticizers can be stretched in a relatively large draw ratio, which in practice is from 1.4 to 8.
  • the preferred plasticizers for the gelatin-based material according to the invention are selected in particular from glycerol, oligoglycerols, oligoglycols and sorbitol. Such plasticizers may remain in the gelatin-based material and be resorbed in the patient's body as well as the gelatin-based material of the nerve guide itself.
  • the nerve guide according to the invention offers special advantages for the surgeon since he has a relatively insensitive implant. Also can be achieved by stretching the crosslinked material, a tensile strength in the longitudinal direction of 40 N / mm 2 or more, especially 60 N / mm 2 or more.
  • the gelatin-based material is used in at least partially crosslinked state. Via the degree of crosslinking, the absorption stability of the nerve guide rail or of the molding can be adjusted.
  • the crosslinking will preferably involve the gelatin contained in the gelatin-based material.
  • the gelatin-based material is already pre-crosslinked in the solution. This results in a uniform degree of crosslinking throughout the gelatin-based material.
  • the finished, usually stretched molded body is further crosslinked in a second stage so as to ensure the desired absorption stability.
  • This two-stage crosslinking allows higher levels of crosslinking than single-stage crosslinking.
  • the degree of crosslinking of the gelatin-based material in the wall of the molded body adjacent to the outer surface may be higher than in areas of the wall adjacent to the lumen.
  • the at least partial crosslinking in the solution as well as the second crosslinking step can be carried out both chemically and enzymatically.
  • crosslinking agents in particular aldehydes, dialdehydes, isocyanates, carbodiimides and alkyl halides are used as crosslinking agents.
  • Crosslinking with formaldehyde is particularly preferred since sterilization of the gelatin-based material or of the molding is simultaneously achieved in the respective crosslinking step.
  • transglutaminase is used.
  • the degree of cross-linking is selected so that the nerve guide, in particular its shaped body, under physiological standard conditions (PBS buffer pH 7.2, 37 ° C.) during 4 weeks, a decrease in dry weight of at most about 20 wt.%. shows.
  • the lumen of the molded article is extremely large compared with the dimensions of naturally occurring single nerve fibers.
  • the axons are only about 1 micron thick, while the provided by the nerve guide lumen can have a diameter of up to 10 mm. Even with the use of multiple hollow tubes in a nerve guide, their respective lumens provide a clear width that exceeds the thickness of the axons by about 2 orders of magnitude or more.
  • one or more guide elements are preferably arranged in the lumen of the shaped body parallel to its longitudinal direction.
  • the guide element (s) preferably extend substantially over the entire length of the lumen.
  • the guiding elements can already be colonized with auxiliary cells, in particular the Schwann cells, which promote axon growth.
  • the natural nerve contains Schwann cells, which release growth factors via regulated feedback loops and promote both blood vessel formation and axonal regeneration. These cells can for example be isolated from the injured nerve of a patient and reimplanted via the nerve guide according to the invention after in vitro cultivation.
  • the Schwann cells are preferably arranged in a gelatin gel matrix, which liquefied at elevated temperature (eg 40 ° C) and gelled again on cooling to body temperature and at immobilized to higher temperature mixed cells. In this way, the Schwann cells can be applied evenly distributed on the guide elements are kept in this state after cooling to room temperature until the implant is placed on the patient.
  • the guide elements should preferably occupy at most about 30% by volume of the lumen.
  • Particularly suitable as guiding elements are microfilaments with average thicknesses of about 10 to 100 ⁇ m, depending on the available clearance in the lumen.
  • microfilaments distributed evenly in the lumen, they are preferably stabilized in a matrix or by means of spacers at a distance from one another.
  • a particularly pronounced guidance function is observed with guide elements having guide grooves. This results in a stereotropic effect and it can already be used to settle the optional auxiliary cells as in the so-called Büngner bands with a very good longitudinal alignment. This results in a likewise longitudinally oriented growth of the axons.
  • the geometric dimensions are not particularly critical and may be e.g. have a depth of 0.5 to 50 microns. More important is the presence of edges that limit the guide grooves.
  • the matrix material should preferably be formed from a material which inhibits axon growth, so that its growth aligns alone with the microfilaments.
  • Axon growth inhibiting materials include hyaluronic acid or hydrophobized gelatin gels.
  • a baffle may be made from a coiled sheet material which provides microchannels between its wraps, similar to the guide grooves of the previously described microfilaments.
  • the necessary structure can be given to the sheet material when casting it in a mold or by subsequent embossing, stamping or the like.
  • the winding axis for the surface material is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the Nervenleitschiene.
  • this can simultaneously form the shaped body of Nervenleitschiene.
  • the nerve guide rail can contain a plurality of shaped bodies, which are preferably connected to one another by means of a matrix material.
  • This matrix material preferably contains angiogenesis-promoting components to allow the sprouting of blood vessels between the axons, similar to that found in the natural fascicles in a non-neuronal matrix.
  • This matrix material is preferably gelatin-based material and most preferably has an open-pored structure.
  • this matrix material occupies a volume fraction of 30 to 60% by volume of the volume of the nerve guide rail.
  • the matrix material is more preferably resorbable.
  • the nerve guide on an outer shell or shell matrix surrounding the molding or body, which is also formed from a resorbable material.
  • a porous in particular, is recommended for the jacket matrix open-pored structure.
  • the mean pore size is preferably in the range of 100 to 300 microns.
  • the shell matrix can be produced, for example, by foaming the molded article or bodies.
  • the jacket matrix can be punched out of a prefabricated solid block of material, in particular a sponge, or obtained by means of a core sleeve drill.
  • the passage opening for the introduction of the shaped body, which was optionally previously provided with the semipermeable layer can be easily formed by a drilling tool (when working with the core-core drill this is preferably done simultaneously with the generation of the shell matrix).
  • the shaped body can be inserted into the jacket matrix formed in this way.
  • a slight press fit between the shell matrix and the molded body are generally sufficient to safely handle the nerve guide rail.
  • the sheath matrix material comprises an angiogenesis promoting component to also promote blood vessel formation around the nerve guide rail and, in particular, to the body thereof.
  • This promoting effect is preferably realized so that the seeding of blood vessels prior to training or at least during the formation of the axons in the lumen of the moldings can take place.
  • Suitable materials for this are again gelatin-based materials, in particular based on high molecular weight gelatin, as has already been described in detail above.
  • the thickness of the outer shell or shell matrix is preferably 1 to 2 mm.
  • the sheath matrix can merge into the matrix interconnecting the shaped bodies.
  • Both matrices can be formed from the same, in particular angiogenesis-promoting material.
  • the semipermeable layer is part of each shaped body to ensure that in the lumen reserved for axon growth no migration of cells can take place, which inhibit or even prevent axon growth.
  • the shell matrix can have a higher rate of absorption than the molding or bodies.
  • the absorption characteristic of the nerve guide rail is selected so that absorption begins at one end of the implant and progresses to the other end, appropriately and preferably attuned to axon growth. From the end of the implant, where the axon development begins, the myelination and thus thickening of the nerve fiber begins. Due to the timely absorption of the implant, the necessary space is created, so that a crushing of the nerve fibers can be avoided.
  • the implant is used in the central nervous system, it is taken into account that the axon growth takes place from both nerve stumps.
  • a graded resorption behavior is recommended, in which the absorption at both ends of the implant begins approximately simultaneously and the middle region between the ends of the implant is absorbed only with a time delay.
  • a step-shaped variation of the degree of crosslinking can be selected or a substantially continuous.
  • the clear width of the lumen at the two ends of the nerve guide rail is greater than in the remaining area, whereby the nerve stumps of the lesion can be more easily inserted into the nerve guide.
  • FIG. 1 shows a generally designated by the reference numeral 10 nerve guide with a molded body 12 made of a crosslinked, gelatin-based Material.
  • the molded body 12 has a tubular hollow body with a wall 14 which has an outer surface 16 and defines with an inner surface 18 a cavity 20 called lumen.
  • the nerve guide also has a semipermeable layer which (in the FIG. 1 not shown in detail) integral with the molded body 12 is formed.
  • the position of semipermeable layer is within the wall 14, preferably adjacent to the outer surface 16.
  • the outer surface of the molded body 12 is surrounded by an outer shell 22 which is open-pored and comprises an angiogenesis-promoting component, in particular a high molecular weight crosslinked gelatin having a sponge structure.
  • the outer sheath 22 may be made from a cross-linked gelatin sponge material, as described in detail in Example 3 below.
  • a block of such sponge material is made in sufficient thickness (corresponding to the length of the finished nerve guide rail). From this block is z. B. by punching or by means of a core-core drill, the outer shell 22 made as a hollow cylinder. In the through hole of this hollow cylinder then the molded body 12 can be inserted, which is preferably held in the outer shell 22 in a slight clamping fit.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further nerve guide according to the invention 40 with a tubular hollow body as a shaped body 42.
  • the shaped body 42 has a wall 44 of a gelatin-based material with an outer surface 46 and a lumen 50 defining inner surface 48th
  • Adjacent to the outer surface 46 of the molding 42 is a separate semipermeable layer 52 which passes nutrients and gases therethrough diffuses, but blocks the entry of cells, especially fibroblasts.
  • the molded body 42 is surrounded by the semipermeable layer 52 of an outer shell 54, which is similar to in the embodiment of the FIG. 1 is trained.
  • the outer shell 54 may, as in connection with the embodiment of FIG. 1 manufactured described and pushed onto the mold body 42.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the already occurred sprouting of blood vessels 56 in the outer shell, promoted by the angiogenesis-promoting component of the outer shell 54th
  • Example 1 Production of a nerve guide according to the invention
  • tubular hollow body which is the basic component of a nerve guide rail according to the invention will first be described below.
  • the various types produced have inner diameters of about 2,000 .mu.m, 1,100 .mu.m and 150 .mu.m and are prepared by means of the dipping process preferred according to the invention and subsequently drawn.
  • the hollow tube formed could be removed from the mandrel.
  • the hollow tube produced in this way had an inner diameter corresponding to the mandrel diameter of 2 mm and an average wall thickness of 300 ⁇ m, which was determined by light microscopy.
  • the tube was clamped at both ends and softened under the action of hot steam.
  • this thermoplastic state it was elongated at a draw ratio of about 1.4, fixed in this state and dried for 16 hours at 23 ° C and a relative humidity of 45%.
  • the resulting hollow tube had an inner diameter of about 1100 microns and a wall thickness of about 200 microns.
  • a light microscopic examination shows an extremely regularly formed cross-sectional shape as well as a very uniform wall thickness of the tube seen over its circumference and length.
  • the gelatin contained therein was subjected to a further crosslinking step.
  • the tubes were exposed to the equilibrium vapor pressure of a 17% by weight aqueous formaldehyde solution at room temperature in a desiccator for 17 hours.
  • the ends of the tubes can be closed so that the crosslinking takes place only from the outer surface.
  • a hollow tube having a higher degree of crosslinking in the wall area adjacent to lumens may e.g. be obtained in that the formaldehyde vapor is passed exclusively through the lumen of the hollow tube.
  • different degrees of crosslinking can also be realized so that the mandrel is successively immersed in solutions with different concentrations of crosslinking agent. This results a corresponding degree of degree of crosslinking over the wall thickness of the hollow tube.
  • the properties of the hollow tube described herein may be modified in a variety of ways, including in particular the size and shape of the spike, the proportions of gelatin, plasticizer and crosslinking agent in the solution, the number of dives, and the intensity of post crosslinking the respective requirements are adapted.
  • the outer surface of the hollow tubes described above may be e.g. be chemically modified to produce a semipermeable layer surrounding the lumen integrally with the hollow tube.
  • the amino groups of the lysine residues can be converted into a succinated form by means of succinic anhydride, whereby the pK s value of the gelatine material of 8 to 9, as found for the unmodified gelatin, is lowered to about 4.
  • Another way to modify the gelatin is to convert the amino groups of the lysine residues in dodecenyl-succinyl groups.
  • the pK s value is lowered to about 5 and at the same time a slight hydrophobing of the gelatin takes place.
  • this layer can be made by applying a succinated or dodecenyl-succinated gelatin or blending thereof with other biopolymers, especially unmodified gelatin in aqueous solution.
  • the procedure may here be based on the dipping method as described above for the production of hollow tubes.
  • the degree of conversion of the lysine groups of the modified gelatin is preferably 30% or more.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show cell adhesion results for test surfaces on glass surfaces applied to gelatine materials starting from pork rind gelatin (MW 119 kDa) and to about 95% of the lysine groups succinated gelatin ( FIG. 3 ) or about 45% dodecenyl-succinated gelatin ( FIG. 4 ) of the same type were produced. Blends of unmodified gelatin with modified gelatin were tested in ratios of 100: 0, 80:20, 50:50 and 0: 100, respectively.
  • the percentages in the graphs represent the proportion of cells found on the film test panels versus the number used for incubation after the above procedure was performed.
  • Example 2 Semipermeable property / barrier function of the gelatin film by means of surface material tests
  • test foils In order to test the diffusion properties of the test foils described above, they were tested in a two-chamber test apparatus 60 as shown in FIG. 5 is clamped between two blocks 62 and 64, 66 cavities 68, 70 were created in blocks 62 and 64 on both sides of the test film, which were rinsed during the experimental phase with different media.
  • the upper chamber 68 was filled with a phenol red solution as nutrient solution substitute, in the lower chamber 70, a pure PBS solution was used. Every two hours the absorbance of the phenol red and PBS solutions was measured. The measured values are in the curves of the FIG. 6 for a sheet of unmodified gelatin.
  • the experiment was repeated with a film initially populated with 10,000 cells / cm 2 allowed to adhere for 2 hours.
  • the adherent cells were grown in culture on the slide for one week, after which the same measurement was performed as described above.
  • the measured values are in the FIG. 7 shown.
  • the homogenized mixtures were heated to 45 ° C and mechanically foamed after a reaction time of 10 min with air.
  • the approximately 30-minute AufMumvorgang was carried out for the six approaches with a different ratio of air to gelatin solution, whereby cell structures with different wet densities and pore sizes were obtained in Table 1.
  • the foamed gelatin solutions which had a temperature of 26.5 ° C, were poured into molds having a dimension of 40 x 20 x 6 cm and dried for about four days at 26 ° C and a relative humidity of 10%.
  • the dried moldings of all six batches have a sponge-like cell structure (hereinafter referred to as sponges). They were cut into 2 mm thick layers and exposed to the equilibrium vapor pressure of a 17% by weight aqueous formaldehyde solution at room temperature for 17 hours in a desiccator for the second crosslinking step. For the sixth approach, this was the first (and only) cross-linking step. In order to achieve a uniform gassing of the entire volume of the moldings, the desiccator was evacuated two to three times and then re-aerated.
  • the pore structure of the sponges was determined by light microscopy and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Table 1 approach Wet density (mg / cm 3 ) Dry density (mg / cm 3 ) average pore size ( ⁇ m) 1-1 100 20 250 1-2 175 27 200 1-3 300 50 125 1-4 530 70 100 1-5 600 100 75 1-6 78 12 300
  • sponge 1-6 While sponge 1-6 is already completely dissolved after three days, all two-stage cross-linked sponges are still over 80% preserved even after 14 days. However, there are significant differences in the further degradation behavior, which are due to the different foaming densities of the materials. Thus sponge 1-1 is completely dissolved after 21 days and sponge 1-2 after 28, while sponges 1-4 and 1-5 are still largely preserved even after 35 days. This results in a further possibility to specifically influence the degradation behavior of these sponges or cell structure materials independently of other parameters.
  • the properties of the cell structure materials can also be significantly modified by changing the gelatin concentration in the starting solution.
  • two-crosslinked moldings dry matter 22 mg / ml, average pore size about 250 microns
  • implants 15 x 15 x 2 mm
  • the angiogenesis-promoting properties of these implants were determined by means of an experiment on fertilized chicken eggs, which is shown schematically in FIGS. 8a and 8b is shown examined.
  • FIG. 8a schematically shows the structure of a chicken egg in cross section.
  • CAM choriallantoic membrane
  • FIG. 8b shows the structure of a chicken egg in cross section.
  • CAM choriallantoic membrane
  • the CAM is a tissue that represents the interface between air and egg fluid. It is possible that activation of receptors occurs solely by the mechanical stimulus due to the application of the substrate to the CAM, resulting in a release of pro-angiogenic factors such as e.g. VEGF could lead to the cells. In this way, endothelial cells could be attracted and then it would come to a directed to the implant blood vessel formation.
  • pro-angiogenic factors such as e.g. VEGF
  • the area of the blood vessels (in ⁇ m 2 ) within the substrates or implants of the comparison materials and the angiogenesis promoting substrate of the present invention is applied after 3, 5 and 7 days.
  • the sequence gelatin sample, collagen sample, poly-DL-lactide sample applies.
  • FIG. 9 As can be seen, after 3 days only in the angiogenesis-promoting substrate according to the invention shows a measurable proportion of blood vessels in the implant itself, while in the collagen sponge and the poly-DL-lactide sponge no measurable levels of blood vessels are present.
  • the measurable blood vessels after 5 days show an extreme increase in the angiogenesis-promoting substrates according to the invention, while no effect is observed for the poly-DL-lactide sample and for the collagen sponge.
  • the regression of the blood vessels in the implant according to the invention after 7 days expresses a reduction in the measured area. This could be due to the fact that the blood vessel network is again reduced as much as is actually needed for the implant areas because e.g. relatively few other cell types have migrated, which must be supplied. This corresponds to a process that is also found in infections, where a blood vessel network regresses as soon as the inflammation goes down.
  • Example 4 Semipermeable property of a gelatin tube allows survival of encapsulated cells
  • Schwann cells (25,000 cells / cm 2 ) isolated from the sciatic nerve of the rat were first sown on the foil and kept in culture for 24 h. Thereafter, single neurons were prepared from Schuwurzelganglien the peripheral nervous system and seeded at a density of 10,000 cells / cm 2 on the plastic strip with the Schwann cells. The neurons were able to adhere for 4 hours, followed by the plastic strip with the cells are then introduced into the gelatin shaped body. Introducing the cells not directly, but on the transparent plastic strip in the molding, had the great advantage that you could remove the plastic strip later again easily to microscopically determine the cell vitality.
  • the tubular body was then sealed with dental wax stoppers (Rosa Dura, Kem-Dent, UK) at the ends and cultured for 5 days. Under these conditions, nutrients and oxygen could only reach the cells through the wall of the molding. After 5 days culture time, the plastic strips were removed from the tube and labeled with the antibody SMI31 (Sternberger Monoclonals, USA) for detection of axons and DAPI for detection of cell nuclei. Cell-populated strips of plastic were used as controls, which were treated exactly the same but were not encapsulated but cultured open for 5 days in the same medium (DMEM, 10% FCS, glutamine, gentamycin). As on the light micro-copic pictures of the FIG.
  • DMEM 10% FCS, glutamine, gentamycin
  • FIG. 10 The cells / neurons inside and outside the shaped body survive equally well (Figs. A and C). This can be recognized by the bright spots. Likewise, axons are similarly well formed in both cases (bright fibers in Figs. B and D).
  • Figures A and B depict Schwann cells and dorsal root ganglia of the same culture that was encapsulated.
  • Figures C and D concern the non-encapsulated culture. This showed that the permeability of the gelatin tube is sufficient to allow survival of encapsulated cells.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
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  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Claims (24)

  1. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs, comprenant un corps moulé constitué d'un matériau réticulé, résorbable et à base de gélatines, le corps moulé étant un corps creux tubulaire avec une paroi ayant une surface externe et une surface interne définissant un lumen, le canal de guidage pour les nerfs comprenant une couche semi-perméable entourant le lumen, et
    (i) le degré de réticulation du canal de guidage pour les nerfs ou de ses parties, en particulier de son corps moulé, étant supérieur au niveau d'une extrémité du canal de guidage pour les nerfs à l'autre extrémité et diminuant dans la direction de cette autre extrémité par paliers ou sensiblement en continu ; ou
    (ii) le degré de réticulation du canal de guidage pour les nerfs ou de ses parties, en particulier de son corps moulé, étant inférieur au niveau de ses extrémités à la zone située entre les deux extrémités.
  2. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche semi-perméable comprend une structure gélifiée à titre de barrière cellulaire.
  3. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche semi-perméable du canal de guidage pour les nerfs présente des pores qui sont en moyenne inférieurs à 0,5 µm.
  4. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche semi-perméable est conçue sous forme de couche de blocage, de manière à être essentiellement imperméable pour les espèces chargées positivement, en particulier les cellules.
  5. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche semi-perméable présente une hydrophilie extrêmement élevée.
  6. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche semi-perméable est conçue de manière à être légèrement hydrophobe.
  7. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la couche semi-perméable légèrement hydrophobe comprend des gélatines modifiées par des esters d'acides gras.
  8. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le canal de guidage pour les nerfs ou son corps moulé présente des protéines de répulsion immobilisées sur la surface externe.
  9. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le canal de guidage pour les nerfs comprend un matériau renforçateur.
  10. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le matériau renforçateur est choisi parmi les matériaux renforçateurs particulaires et/ou moléculaires.
  11. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le corps moulé est conçu de manière à être multicouche.
  12. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le corps moulé comprend la couche semi-perméable.
  13. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le corps moulé est allongé dans la direction de son axe longitudinal.
  14. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le rapport d'allongement va de 1,4 à 8.
  15. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que le lumen du corps moulé contient un ou plusieurs éléments de guidage orientés dans la direction longitudinale du corps moulé.
  16. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de guidage sont colonisés par des cellules de soutien, notamment des cellules de Schwann.
  17. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon la revendication 15 ou 16, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de guidage comprennent des microfilaments.
  18. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que les microfilaments présentent des sillons longitudinaux sur leur surface externe.
  19. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon l'une des revendications 16 à 18, caractérisé en ce qu'un élément de guidage ayant la forme d'une bobine de matière plate est disposé dans le lumen avec un axe d'enroulement parallèle à la direction longitudinale du corps moulé, une majorité de microcanaux étant formée dans la bobine parallèlement à l'axe d'enroulement.
  20. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon l'une des revendications 1 à 19, caractérisé en ce que le canal de guidage pour les nerfs comprend plusieurs corps moulés en disposition parallèle.
  21. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que les multiples corps moulés sont reliés les uns aux autres au moyen d'un matériau de matrice résorbable.
  22. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon l'une des revendications 1 à 21, caractérisé en ce que le canal de guidage pour les nerfs comprend une enveloppe extérieure résorbable, entourant le ou les corps moulés, notamment avec une structure poreuse.
  23. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon l'une des revendications 1 à 22, caractérisé en ce qu'il est utilisable pour ponter les distances défectueuses des nerfs, en particulier après des prostatectomies, des lésions des nerfs de la face à la suite d'extractions dentaires et des lésions de la moelle épinière.
  24. Canal de guidage pour les nerfs selon l'une des revendications 1 à 22, caractérisé en ce qu'il est utilisable pour l'induction de nouvelles voies nerveuses, notamment pour dévier des nerfs dans les muscles afin d'éviter la formation douloureuse de neuromes.
EP06818569.3A 2005-11-17 2006-11-16 Tuyaux de guidage pour les nerfs Active EP1948263B1 (fr)

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DE102005054941A DE102005054941A1 (de) 2005-11-17 2005-11-17 Nervenleitschiene
PCT/EP2006/010976 WO2007057177A2 (fr) 2005-11-17 2006-11-16 Tuyaux de guidage pour les nerfs

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EP (1) EP1948263B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2009515620A (fr)
KR (1) KR20080072656A (fr)
CN (1) CN101312756B (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0618700A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2628720A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102005054941A1 (fr)
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CN101312756B (zh) 2013-03-27
EP1948263A2 (fr) 2008-07-30
BRPI0618700A2 (pt) 2011-09-06
JP2009515620A (ja) 2009-04-16
MX2008006463A (es) 2009-03-03
PL1948263T3 (pl) 2013-12-31
US20090024150A1 (en) 2009-01-22
CN101312756A (zh) 2008-11-26
KR20080072656A (ko) 2008-08-06
ES2424146T3 (es) 2013-09-27
WO2007057177A2 (fr) 2007-05-24
WO2007057177A3 (fr) 2007-07-05
CA2628720A1 (fr) 2007-05-24
DE102005054941A1 (de) 2007-05-31
US8216602B2 (en) 2012-07-10

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