EP1945888B1 - Absperrung - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP1945888B1
EP1945888B1 EP06805842A EP06805842A EP1945888B1 EP 1945888 B1 EP1945888 B1 EP 1945888B1 EP 06805842 A EP06805842 A EP 06805842A EP 06805842 A EP06805842 A EP 06805842A EP 1945888 B1 EP1945888 B1 EP 1945888B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base
fence
barrier
cable
crossing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06805842A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1945888A1 (de
Inventor
Emmanuel Raoult
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dirickx Groupe SAS
Original Assignee
Dirickx Groupe SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dirickx Groupe SAS filed Critical Dirickx Groupe SAS
Publication of EP1945888A1 publication Critical patent/EP1945888A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1945888B1 publication Critical patent/EP1945888B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H17/00—Fencing, e.g. fences, enclosures, corrals
    • E04H17/14—Fences constructed of rigid elements, e.g. with additional wire fillings or with posts
    • E04H17/24—Connections for attaching additional wire to frames, posts or railings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H17/00—Fencing, e.g. fences, enclosures, corrals
    • E04H17/003—Anti-climbing devices, e.g. fixed spikes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F13/00—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions
    • E01F13/02—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions free-standing; portable, e.g. for guarding open manholes ; Portable signs or signals specially adapted for fitting to portable barriers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F13/00—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions
    • E01F13/12—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions for forcibly arresting or disabling vehicles, e.g. spiked mats

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a barrier for the manufacture of a fence or a portion of fence designed to prohibit the passage of vehicles, the barrier comprising a base supporting an anti-crossing screen.
  • the invention also covers a fence or fence portion comprising a plurality of barriers and a method of manufacturing such a fence.
  • a reinforced fence can be used to resist the impact caused by the vehicle.
  • a fence is, for example, consists of an assembly of juxtaposed barriers.
  • Each barrier comprises a concrete block supporting a frame closed by a fence or bar.
  • the installation of the fence requires the digging of a trench around the place to be protected, then one successively deposits the blocks of concrete which one seals mutually.
  • a barrier having the features of the preamble of claim 1 is described in the document US 2004/146347 .
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose, in particular, a fence for a fence or a fence portion that does not have the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • a barrier for the manufacture of a fence or a portion of fence intended to prohibit its crossing by land vehicles, the barrier comprising a base supporting an anti-crossing screen, the barrier being remarkable in that that the base is provided on its side intended to be turned towards the inside of the place to be protected by a cable able to join it with other bases, the cable being held by a pin fixed on each base.
  • the pin is mounted in a through-hole from one end of said base in its thickness, the pin being constituted by a rod terminated at one end by an eyelet through which is threaded the cable and the other by a stop forming a stop.
  • the anti-crossing screen comprises a frame whose lower edge is housed in a groove formed on the upper wall of the base.
  • the frame is closed by a filling having interstices and the pin passes through the filling at one of these interstices.
  • the base is provided with recesses made transversely in its bottom wall to allow its handling by a hoist.
  • the base is provided with at least one housing which passes longitudinally through it, a sleeve being housed in said housing to allow the passage of power supply cables.
  • wedges are arranged in the groove to hold the lower edge of the frame.
  • each clamping means comprising a peg housed in a hole opening into the groove, a screw intended to be screwed into said peg so as to that its free end can lead into said groove.
  • a fence or a portion of fence intended to prohibit its crossing by land vehicles is also proposed, the fence or the fence portion comprising a plurality of barriers, each barrier comprising a base surmounted by an anti-crossing screen.
  • the fence or the fence portion is provided on its side intended to be turned towards the inside of the place to be protected, with a cable capable of joining the bases, the cable being held by a pin fixed on each basement.
  • the bases are thus interconnected so that the attempt to move one of them, for example using a vehicle launched at high speed, involves moving at least the neighboring pedestals which makes it very difficult to intrude this vehicle into the area protected by the fence.
  • the cable is likely to constitute a second barrier for the vehicle.
  • the end of at least one of the pedestals has a truncated shape so as to allow the approximation of the anti-crossing screen carried by said base with the anti-crossing screen carried by the neighboring base, thus allowing the construction of a fence or a portion of fence following a determined route while ensuring the continuity of the anti-crossing screens.
  • a method of manufacturing a fence or a portion of fence intended to prohibit its crossing by land vehicles is also proposed, the method of making bases, placing them around a place to protect, to fix on each base an anti-crossing screen.
  • the method is fixed on the wall to be turned towards the place to be protected from each base, and via a pin, a cable capable of joining the bases.
  • the fence 100 represented partially at the Fig. 1 is intended to gird a place to protect it from the intrusion of land vehicles.
  • the fence 100 can be replaced locally by any type of existing constructions, for example a wall or a building.
  • the fence portion represented on Fig. 1 comprises three barriers 200 which are arranged contiguously and one in the extension of the other.
  • each barrier 200 generally comprises a base 300 on which are fixed, on the one hand, an anti-crossing screen 400 consisting of a frame 410 closed by a filling, for example of the grid type 420 and, on the other hand, a 500 connecting cable pedestals 300 when the barriers 200 form a fence or a portion of fence.
  • the cable 500 also forms an impact-absorbing rope vis-à-vis a vehicle that would attempt to cross it.
  • the base 300 is intended to rest on the ground without the need to bury it or seal it in a trench.
  • a substrate such as a Bidim ® type felt, can be interposed between each base and the ground to protect the latter.
  • the base 300 is preferably made of a block made of concrete. He presents to the Fig. 2 , the appearance of a parallelepiped block.
  • the base 300 is provided in its upper wall 320 with a groove 330 made longitudinally to receive the lower edge 412 of the frame 410 in order to associate it with said base 300.
  • wedges 430 frame, in the groove 330, the lower edge 412 of the frame 410 to increase its retention in the base 300.
  • the wedges 430 are placed in the groove 330, preferably at the ends thereof, that is, that is, at the junction of one barrier 200 with another.
  • the fence comprises two bases 300 which are arranged to achieve a non-zero angle between them to allow the construction of a fence following a determined path.
  • the fence comprises two bases 300 which are arranged so as to make a right angle between them to allow the construction of a fence following a determined path.
  • the bases 300 forming a non-zero angle ( Fig. 4a, Fig. 4b ) have a shape adapted to allow the contacting of the anti-crossing screens 400 arranged on them.
  • the corners of the bases 300 which are arranged inside the corner have been truncated and replaced by chamfers 302.
  • the chamfers 302 are at 45 ° to facilitate the realization of right angle.
  • This installation of chamfers 302 makes it possible to follow a nonlinear pattern while guaranteeing the continuity of the anti-crossing screens and a better juxtaposition of the bases 300 forming the angle.
  • the two pedestals 300 forming the angle have chamfers, it is possible to limit the introduction of this chamfer to one of the two pedestals 300 according to the opening of the desired angle.
  • the frames 410 respectively closed by fences 420, and which constitute anti-crossing screens 400, are intended to limit the crossing of the bases 300 by a natural person.
  • the frames 410 of two neighboring barriers 200 are joined by fixing means.
  • these fastening means consist, on the one hand, of caps 414 of U section joining the ends of two upper uprights, and secondly, strips 416 wound and fixed around two vertical uprights adjoining.
  • each flank is a flat surface, but in another embodiment, one of the flanks may comprise one or more studs projecting from the flank and the flank facing it then comprises recesses complementary to the flank or sidewall. each stud so that the or each pad is imbedded in the or each corresponding recess.
  • one of the flanks is constituted by a concave surface and the flank which faces it then consists of a complementary convex surface so as to fit into the corresponding concave surface.
  • the cable 500 which is associated with the bases 300 is provided, on the one hand, to bind together the bases 300 so that their masses are cumulative when one attempts to move one, for example using of a vehicle launched at high speed and, secondly, to brake and stop such a vehicle that could cross despite any one of the bases 300 after moving or fractured.
  • the cable 500 is disposed on the side of the bases 300 which are intended to be turned towards the place to be protected, that is to say on the inside. It is attached to each base 300 via the pin 550. It is mounted, preferably in a hole 340 passing through said base in its thickness as it appears at this point. Fig. 3 .
  • the pin 550 consists of a rod terminated at one end by an eyelet 560 through which is threaded the cable 500 and the other by a stop 570 forming a stop, consisting, for example, of a plate fixed perpendicular to said end.
  • the pin 550 can pass through the anti-crossing screen 400 at an orifice made in the frame 410.
  • the filling of the frame 410 made in the form of mesh 420 has gaps between the mesh of the mesh 420 and the pin 550 is arranged so as to pass through one of these interstices to secure the frame 410 to the base 300 so that it can not be intentionally removed by an unauthorized person.
  • the ends of the cable 500 are attached together when the barriers 200 form a fence or are attached to the end bases when the barriers 200 form a fence portion.
  • FIG. 5 represents another embodiment of the invention in which the elements identical to FIGS. previous ones have the same references.
  • the Fig. 5 represents the fence 100 which comprises three barriers 200 which are arranged contiguously and one in the extension of the other.
  • Each barrier 200 comprises a base 300 on which are fixed, on the one hand, the anti-crossing screen 400 consisting of the frame 410 closed by a filling, for example of the mesh type 420 and, on the other hand, the cable 500 of connection of pedestals 300.
  • the fence 100 also includes a series of flaps 502.
  • Each flap 502 is fixed on the upper part of the frame 410 and consists of rods oriented outwardly of the enclosure to be protected. These flaps 502 avoid the intrusion of a person by climbing fence 100.
  • the Fig. 6 represents an enlargement of the zone of attachment of one of the flaps 502 on the frame 410.
  • the bolster 502 comprises a fastening foot 602 whose end which is fixed on the frame 410 is provided with a U of 606 boot which is slipped on the frame 410.
  • fastening elements 604 are secured to the boot U 606 with the frame 410.
  • These fasteners 604 may take the form of welding, rivets, self-breaking screws or not, etc.
  • FIG. 7 represents another embodiment of the invention in which the elements identical to FIGS. previous ones have the same references.
  • the Fig. 7 represents the fence 100 which comprises a barrier 200 which comprises a base 300 on which are fixed, on the one hand, the anti-crossing screen 400 consisting of the frame 410 closed by a filling and, on the other hand, the cable 500 of connection of pedestals 300.
  • filling the frame 410 consists of bars 720 which extend over the entire height of the frame 410. The bars 720 are spaced from each other, forming, thus, interstices through which one passes the pin 550 to secure the frame 410 to the base 300.
  • a gate 704 is placed between two barriers 200.
  • the gate 704 comprises wings 710 and support posts 708.
  • Each retaining pole 708 is fixed to the base 300 and to the frame 410 who are arranged next to him.
  • Each flap 710 is attached to one of the retaining posts 708 via hinges 706.
  • the base 300 is provided with at least one housing 350 which passes through it longitudinally from one side.
  • Basement 300 is provided with four dwellings at this Fig. 8 .
  • These housings are intended to receive respectively ducts and in particular sleeves 352 for the passage of power supply cables for a lighting device or for security equipment of the fence or the fence portion.
  • Two housings 350 longitudinally cross the base 300 at its end walls and two other housing pass longitudinally at the chamfers 302. For the sake of clarity of the drawing, a single sleeve 352 is shown being partially engaged in a accommodation 350.
  • each clamping means 360 comprises a pin 362 housed in a hole 364 opening into the groove 330, a screw 366 which is screwed into said pin and whose free end opens into the groove 330 in order to be applied against a side wall of a shim.
  • the screw head of the screw 336 is housed in a recess 368 provided in the base 300 on its side intended to be turned towards the place to be protected.
  • sealing resin can be used.
  • two clamping means 360 are arranged near the lateral ends of the base 300, at the level of the birth of the chamfers 302.
  • Bases 300 are manufactured by concrete casting. Such bases 300 are preferably manufactured in the country where said fences are installed.
  • the barriers are set up around the place to be protected. For this purpose, they are placed on the floor and juxtaposed so as to form a belt around the place to be protected.
  • the frames 410 are then mounted in the grooves 330 of the pedestals 300 respectively and then locked by threading pins 550 into the holes 340 so that they also pass through the orifices or interstices of the frame 410.
  • the frames are assembled. 410 with the caps 414 and the strips 416.
  • the end of a cable 500 is then threaded through the eyelets 560 of the pins 550, and the ends of the cable 500 are attached to each other when a fence is constructed or on the end bases when a cable is constructed. fence portion.
  • the dismantling of the fence is carried out in the reverse order of the assembly.
  • the fence 100 is effective against the risks of attacks by vehicles. It can stop such a vehicle launched at high speed.
  • the cable 500 behaves like an additional belt that connects the bases together to make it more difficult to move and can also slow down by absorbing the kinetic energy of a vehicle that could still cross the belt formed by the bases 300, in fracturing one or two.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
  • Fencing (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Barriere (200) zur Herstellung einer Umzäunung (100) oder eines Teiles einer Umzäunung (100), die deren Überquerung durch Landfahrzeuge verhindern soll, wobei die Barriere (200) einen Sockel (300) aufweist, der einen Überquerungsschutz (400) trägt, wobei der Sockel (300) auf der zum Inneren der zu schützenden Fläche hin gewandten Seite ein Kabel (500) aufweist, das ihn mit anderen Sockeln (300) verbinden kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kabel (500) durch einen an jedem Sockel (300) befestigten Stift (550) gehalten wird.
  2. Barriere (200) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stift (550) in einem Loch (340) angebracht ist, das den besagten Sockel der Stärke nach vollständig durchquert, wobei der Stift (550) aus einem Stiel gebildet ist, der an einem Ende eine Öse (560), durch welche das Kabel (500) verläuft und am anderen Ende einen Sicherungsstift (570) aufweist, der einen Anschlag bildet.
  3. Barriere (200) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Überquerungsschutz (400) einen Rahmen (410) aufweist, dessen unterer Rand (412) sich in einer Nut (330) befindet, die in der obereren Seite (320) des Sockels (300) eingelassen ist.
  4. Barriere (200) nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rahmen (410) durch eine Füllung (420, 720), die Gitterlücken aufweist, verschlossen ist und dadurch, dass der Stift (550) diese Füllung auf der Höhe einer dieser Gitterlücken durchquert.
  5. Barriere (200) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sockel (300) über Einbuchtungen (312) verfügt, die quer im unteren Teil (310) des Sockels angebracht sind, um die Handhabung mittels eines Hebezeuges zu ermöglichen.
  6. Barriere nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sockel (300) mindestens eine Aufnahmeöffnung (350) aufweist, die ihn der Länge nach vollkommen durchquert, wobei eine Manschette (352) in dieser Aufnahmeöffnung (350) angebracht ist, um den Durchgang von elektrischen Leitungen zu ermöglichen.
  7. Barriere nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Füllstücke (430) in der Nut (330) angebracht sind, um den unteren Teil (412) des Rahmens (410) zu halten.
  8. Barriere nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel zum Festziehen (360) der Füllstücke (430) im Sockel (300) vorgesehen sind, wobei jedes Mittel zum Festziehen einen Zapfen (362) aufweist, der in einem Loch (364) untergebracht ist, das in der Nut (330) mündet, wobei eine Schraube (366) in den besagten Zapfen derart eingeschraubt werden soll, dass sein freies Ende in der besagten Nut (330) münden kann.
  9. Umzäunung (100) oder Teil einer Umzäunung (100), die ihre Überquerung durch Landfahrzeuge verhindern soll, die eine Vielzahl von Barrieren (200) umfasst, wobei jede Barriere (200) einen Sockel (300) aufweist, auf dem ein Überquerungsschutz (400) angebracht ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie an der Seite, die zum Inneren der zu schützenden Fläche weist, ein Kabel (500) aufweist, das die Sockel (300) zusammenfügen soll, wobei das Kabel durch einen an jedem der Sockel (300) befestigten Stift (550) gehalten wird.
  10. Umzäunung (100) oder Teil einer Umzäunung (100) nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ende von mindestens einem der Sockel (300) eine schräg abgeschnittene Form aufweist, um das Aneinanderrücken des von dem besagten Sockel (300) getragenen Überquerungsschutzes (400) mit dem vom benachbarten Sockel (300) getragenen Überquerungsschutzes (400) zu ermöglichen.
  11. Herstellungsverfahren einer Umzäunung (100) oder eines Teiles einer Umzäunung (100), die eine Überquerung durch Landfahrzeuge verhindern soll, wobei das Verfahren die Herstellung von Sockeln (300), das Anbringen dieser Sockel um eine zu schützende Fläche und das Anbringen eines Überquerungsschutzes (400) auf einem jeden Sockel (300) vorsieht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf der die zum Inneren der zu schützenden Fläche hin weisenden Seite eines jeden Sockels (300) ein Kabel (500) mithilfe eines Stiftes (550) gehalten werden soll, wobei dieses Kabel in der Lage ist, die Sockel (300) zusammenzufügen.
EP06805842A 2005-09-30 2006-09-25 Absperrung Not-in-force EP1945888B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0510046A FR2891567B1 (fr) 2005-09-30 2005-09-30 Barriere
PCT/EP2006/009283 WO2007039165A1 (fr) 2005-09-30 2006-09-25 Barriere

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1945888A1 EP1945888A1 (de) 2008-07-23
EP1945888B1 true EP1945888B1 (de) 2009-04-01

Family

ID=36376828

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06805842A Not-in-force EP1945888B1 (de) 2005-09-30 2006-09-25 Absperrung

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1945888B1 (de)
CN (1) CN100535369C (de)
AT (1) ATE427397T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602006006087D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2891567B1 (de)
HK (1) HK1105674A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2007039165A1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202015102382U1 (de) 2015-05-11 2015-06-18 Thomas Bockmeyer Zaunanlage
DE102015107273B3 (de) * 2015-05-11 2016-10-27 Thomas Bockmeyer Zaunanlage
EP4339399A1 (de) 2022-09-16 2024-03-20 Capra GmbH Mobiles zaunelement und modular aufgebauter absperrzaun, gebildet aus mehreren derartigen zaunelementen

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB201221264D0 (en) * 2012-11-27 2013-01-09 Highway Care Ltd Barrier system
GB201319030D0 (en) * 2013-10-28 2013-12-11 Hales Mark A Slot block barrier
CN105332548A (zh) * 2015-10-15 2016-02-17 广西南宁桂变电气有限公司 一种电力用变电基站防护装置
CN105350452A (zh) * 2015-11-23 2016-02-24 马玉荣 一种简易式湖泊桥栏
PL3693510T3 (pl) * 2019-02-06 2022-04-04 Safety Solutions Jonsereds Ab System bariery miejsca pracy

Family Cites Families (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3604686A (en) * 1969-04-15 1971-09-14 Rudolph E Parisien Fence
GB2248860B (en) * 1990-05-14 1994-08-03 Crownlea Plant Temporary fencing
FR2704880B1 (fr) * 1993-05-07 1998-07-17 Colas Sa Dispositif de protection routière polyvalent.
US5453916A (en) * 1993-12-17 1995-09-26 Tennis; Bonnie S. Modular safety light system
US6206347B1 (en) * 1999-09-21 2001-03-27 Rickey D. Kelley Juvenile security fence
US6669402B1 (en) * 2003-01-09 2003-12-30 Safety Barriers, Inc. Protection barrier system

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202015102382U1 (de) 2015-05-11 2015-06-18 Thomas Bockmeyer Zaunanlage
DE102015107273B3 (de) * 2015-05-11 2016-10-27 Thomas Bockmeyer Zaunanlage
EP4339399A1 (de) 2022-09-16 2024-03-20 Capra GmbH Mobiles zaunelement und modular aufgebauter absperrzaun, gebildet aus mehreren derartigen zaunelementen
EP4339400A1 (de) 2022-09-16 2024-03-20 Capra GmbH Mobiles zaunelement und modular aufgebauter absperrzaun, gebildet aus mehreren derartigen zaunelementen
WO2024056887A1 (de) 2022-09-16 2024-03-21 Capra Gmbh Mobiles zaunelement und modular aufgebauter absperrzaun, gebildet aus mehreren derartigen zaunelementen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1945888A1 (de) 2008-07-23
FR2891567A1 (fr) 2007-04-06
WO2007039165A1 (fr) 2007-04-12
HK1105674A1 (en) 2008-02-22
CN1940242A (zh) 2007-04-04
FR2891567B1 (fr) 2007-12-07
DE602006006087D1 (de) 2009-05-14
CN100535369C (zh) 2009-09-02
ATE427397T1 (de) 2009-04-15

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