EP1945834B1 - Wärmedämmende schutzschicht für ein bauteil innerhalb des heissgasbereiches einer gasturbine - Google Patents
Wärmedämmende schutzschicht für ein bauteil innerhalb des heissgasbereiches einer gasturbine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1945834B1 EP1945834B1 EP06818401.9A EP06818401A EP1945834B1 EP 1945834 B1 EP1945834 B1 EP 1945834B1 EP 06818401 A EP06818401 A EP 06818401A EP 1945834 B1 EP1945834 B1 EP 1945834B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- heat
- insulating protective
- bonding layer
- protective layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012720 thermal barrier coating Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000943 NiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910006020 NiCoAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001295925 Gegenes Species 0.000 description 1
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N theophylline Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1NC=N2 ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
- C23C28/3215—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer at least one MCrAlX layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/325—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with layers graded in composition or in physical properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
- C23C28/3455—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer with a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxide, ZrO2, rare earth oxides or a thermal barrier system comprising at least one refractory oxide layer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
Definitions
- MCrAlY-based adhesive or overlay layers offer the best possibilities for meeting the chemical and mechanical requirements mechanical requirements.
- M Ni, Co
- MCrAlY layers contain the intermetallic ß-phase NiCoAl as an aluminum supply.
- the ⁇ -phase NiCoAl also has a brittle effect, so that the practically realizable Al content is ⁇ 12 wt .-%.
- the structure of an aluminized MCrAlY layer consists of the inner, largely unchanged y, ßß mixed phase, a diffusion zone in which the Al content increases to ⁇ 20% and an outer ß-NiAl phase in a proportion of about 30% Al ,
- the NiAl phase is the weak point of the coating system in terms of brittleness and crack sensitivity.
- the (inter-) diffusion phenomena between the base material and the MCrAlY layer - in the special case also between the MCrAlY layer and the alitization - become lifetime-determining with increasing application temperature.
- the diffusion-induced loss of the oxidation-active aluminum in the MCrAlY layer may exceed the oxide-induced loss.
- the invention has for its object to avoid the disadvantages described above and to slow the diffusion in a generic heat-insulating protective layer without the oxidation properties of the alit Being layer and the ductility, and creep resistance of the layer system are adversely affected.
- the powder used has the following chemical composition: Co 25 wt%, Cr 21 wt%, Al 8 wt%, Y 0.5 wt%, Re 1.5 wt%, balance Ni.
- the adhesive layer has the chemical composition of the powder used.
- the adhesion layer is coated or over-alloyed with an Al diffusion layer to increase its Al content.
- the overcoating is done by overbalancing, that is, by a treatment in which a reactive Al-containing gas, which is usually an Al-halide (AlX 2 ), becomes an inward diffusion of Al at higher temperature, combined with an outward diffusion of Ni , causes.
- a reactive Al-containing gas which is usually an Al-halide (AlX 2 )
- AlX 2 Al-halide
- the ceramic layer of zirconia partially stabilized by yttrium oxide is applied by one of the methods mentioned at the outset.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
- Die Erfindung betrifft eine wärmedämmende Schutzschicht für ein Bauteil innerhalb des Heißgasbereiches einer Gasturbine mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Anspruches 1.
- Die Oberflächen im Heißgasbereich werden in modernen Gasturbinen fast vollstandig mit Beschichtungen versehen. Ausnahmen bilden in manchen Fällen noch die Schaufeln hinterer Turbinenreihen. Die Wärmedämmschichten dienen zur Absenkung der Materialtemperatur der gekühlten Bauteile. Hierdurch kann deren Lebensdauer verlängert, Kühlluft verringert oder die Gasturbine mit höheren Eintrittstemperaturen betrieben werden. Wärmedämmschichtsysteme in Gasturbinen bestehen immer aus einer mit dem Grundwerkstoff durch Diffusion verbundenen metallischen Haftschicht und einer darüber liegenden Keramikschicht mit schlechter Wärmeleitfähigkeit, die die eigentliche Barriere gegen den Wärmestrom darstellt und das Basismetall des Bauteils gegen Hochtemperaturkorrosion und Hochtemperaturerosion schützt.
- Als Keramikwerkstoff für die Wärmedämmschicht hat sich Zirkoniumoxid (ZrO2) durchgesetzt, das in aller Regel mit etwa 7 Gew.-% Yttriumoxid teilstabilisiert ist (Internationale Kurzbezeichnung: "YPSZ" von Yttria Partially Stabilised Zirconia). Bezüglich Wärme dämmender Schichten für metallische Substrate wird auf die
EP 0 937 786 A2 verwiesen, die solche Wärmedämmschichten mit integrierter Aluminiumoxidschicht offenbart. Die Wärmedämmschichten werden nach dem jeweiligen Aufbringungsverfahren in zwei wesentliche Klassen eingeteilt: - Thermisch (meist mit atmosphärischem Plasma, APS) gespritzte Schichten, bei denen abhängig von der gewünschten Schichtdicke und Spannungsverteilung eine Porosität zwischen ca. 10 und 25 Vol.-% in der Keramikschicht eingestellt wird. Die Bindung zur (rau gespritzten) Harzschicht erfolgt durch mechanische Verklammerung.
- Mittels Elektronenstrahl aufgedampfte EB- PVD- Schichten (Electronic Beam- Plasma Vapor Diffusion-), die bei Einhaltung bestimmter Abscheidebedingungen eine säulenförmige oder kolumnare dehnungstolerante Struktur aufweisen. Die Schicht ist chemisch durch Bildung eines Al/Zr-Mischoxides auf einer reinen, von der Haftschicht während der Aufbringung und anschließend im Betrieb gebildeten Aluminiumoxidschicht (Thermally Grown Oxide, TGO) gebunden, was besondere Anforderungen an das Oxidwachstum auf der Haftschicht stellt.
- Als Haftschichten können prinzipiell sowohl Diffusionsschichten als auch Auflageschichten zum Einsatz kommen.
- Das Anforderungsprofil an die Haftschichten ist komplex und hat folgendes zu berücksichtigen:
- Geringe statische und zyklische Oxidationsraten,
- Bildung einer möglichst reinen Aluminiumoxidschicht als TGO (bei EB- PVD) - Hinreichende Beständigkeit gegen Hochtemperaturkorrosion,
- Niedrige Spröd-, Duktil- und Übergangstemperatur,
- Hohe Kriechfestigkeit,
- Physikalische Eigenschaften ähnlich dem Grundwerkstoff, gute chemische Kompatibilität,
- Gute Haftung,
- Minimale Langzeit-Interdiffusion mit dem Grundwerkstoff,
- Wirtschaftliche Aufbringbarkeit in reproduzierbarer Qualität.
- Für die besonderen Anforderungen in stationären Gasturbinen bieten Haft- oder Auflageschichten auf MCrAlY-Basis (M = Ni, Co) die besten Möglichkeiten zur Erfüllung der chemischen und mechanischen Voraussetzungen. MCrAlY-Schichten enthalten in einer NiCoCr ("γ")-Matrix die intermetallische ß-Phase NiCoAl als Aluminium-Vorrat. Die ß-Phase NiCoAl hat allerdings auch einen versprödenden Einfluß, so dass der praktisch realisierbare Al-Gehalt bei ≤ 12 Gew.-% liegt. Zur weiteren Steigerung der Oxidaticnsbeständigkeit ist es möglich, die MCrAlY-Schichten mit einer Al-Diffusionsschicht zu überziehen. Wegen der Versprödungsgefahr beschränkt man dies weitgehend auf aluminiumarme (Al ≤ 8 %) Ausgangsschichten.
- Die Struktur einer alitierten MCrAlY-Schicht besteht aus der inneren, weitgehend unveränderten y, ßß-Mischphase, einer Diffusionszone, in der der Al-Gehalt auf ~ 20 % ansteigt und einer äußeren ß-NiAl-Phase mit einem Anteil von etwa 30 % Al. Die NiAl-Phase stellt die Schwachstelle des Schichtsystems hinsichtlich Sprödigkeit und Rißempfindlichkeit dar.
- Neben den Oxidationseigenschaften und den mechanischen Eigenschaften werden mit steigender Einsatztemperatur die (Inter-) Diffusionserscheinungen zwischen dem Basiswerkstoff und der MCrAlY-Schicht - im speziellen Fall auch zwischen der MCrAlY-Schicht und der Alitierung - lebensdauerbestimmend. Im Extremfall kann der diffusionsbedingte Verlust des oxidationswirksamen Aluminiums in der MCrAlY-Schicht den durch Oxidbildung hervorgerufenen Verlust übertreffen. Durch asymmetrische Diffusion, bei der lokale Verluste größer sind als eine Nachlieferung, kann es zu Fehlstellenbilding und Porenbildung sowie im Extremfall zur Delamination der Schicht kommen.
- Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die oben beschriebenen Nachteile zu vermeiden und bei einer gattungsgemäßen wärmedämmenden Schutzschicht die Diffusion zu verlangsamen, ohne dass die Oxidationseigenschaften der alitierten Schicht sowie die Duktilität, und Kriechbeständigkeit des Schichtsystems negativ beeinflusst werden.
- Die Aulgabe wird bei einer gattungsgemäßen wärmedämmenden Schutzschicht erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Ansprüche 2 und 3.
- Es hat sich gezeigt, dass durch die Modifikation der besonders zusammengesetzten NiCoCrAlY-Haftschicht durch Zugabe bevorzugt von Re, aber auch von W, Si, Hf und/oder Ta in der angegebenen Konzentration die Diffusion verlangsamt wird. Die Standzeit der wärmedämmenden Schutzschicht - insbesondere der durch EB- PVD aufgebrachten Schicht - wird durch die Diffusionsbeständigkeit zum Grundwerkstoff und zur Überalitierung hin erheblich verlängert. Bei frühzeitigem Versagen der wärmedämmenden Schutzschicht, z. B. durch Fremdkörpereinschlag oder Erosion, ist ein längerer "Notbetrieb" möglich.
- Die Herstellung der wärmedämmenden Schutzschicht erfolgt auf folgende Weise. Auf das Basismetall eines gekühlten Bauteils im Heißgasbereich, beispielsweise einer Schaufel einer Gasturbine, wird eine Haftschicht, z. B. durch thermisches Spritzen, aufgebracht. Dazu wird ein vorlegiertes und verdüstes Pulver verwendet, das folgende chemische Zusammensetzung aufweist: Co 15 bis 30 Gew.%, Cr 15 bis 25 Gew.%, Al 6 bis 13 Gew.%, Y 0,2 bis 0,7 Gew.%, Rest Ni. Zusätzlich enthält das Pulver noch eines oder mehrere der Elemente Re bis zu 5 Gew.%, W bis zu 5 Gew.%, Si bis zu 3 Gew.%, Hf bis 3 Gew.%, Ta bis 5%. Vorzugsweise hat das verwendete Pulver folgende chemische Zusammensetzung: Co 25 Gew.%, Cr 21 Gew.%, Al 8 Gew.%, Y 0,5 Gew.%, Re 1,5 Gew.%, Rest Ni. Nach dem Auftragen hat die Haftschicht die chemische Zusammensetzung des verwendeten Pulvers.
- Nach dem Ausbringen der Haftschicht wird zur Erhöhung deren Al-Gehaltes die Haftschicht mit einer Al-Diffusionsschicht überzogen oder überalitiert. Das Überziehen erfolgt durch Uberalitierung, das heißt durch eine Behandlung, bei der ein reaktives Al-haltiges Gas, das in der Regel ein Al-Halogenid (AlX2) ist, wird bei höherer Temperatur eine Einwärtsdiffusion von Al, verbunden mit einer Auswärtsdiffusion von Ni, bewirkt.
- Durch das Überalitieren entsteht auf der weitgehend unveränderten Haftschicht innerhalb der Diffusionsschicht eine innere Diffusionszone und darüber eine äußere Aufbauschicht aus einer spröden β-NiAl-Phase. Gemäß einem in der (noch nicht veröffentlichten) deutschen Patentanmeldung
10 2004 045 049.8 beschriebnen Verfahren wird die äußere Aufbauschicht durch Strahlen mit harten Partikeln, wie Korund, Siliziumkarbid, Metalldrähten oder anderen bekannten Schleif- oder Poliermitteln bis herab auf die innere Diffusionszone der Diffusionsschicht entfernt. Die abrasive Behandlung wird soweit getrieben, dass die Oberfläche der verbliebenen Diffusionsschicht einen Al-Gehalt von über 18% und unter 30% aufweist. - Abschließend wird nach einem der eingangs genannten Verfahren die Keramikschicht aus durch Yttriumoxid teilstabilisierten Zirkonoxid aufgetragen.
Claims (2)
- Wärmedämmende Schutzschicht für ein Bauteil innerhalb des Heißgasbereiches einer Gasturbine, wobei die wärmedämmende Schutzschicht aus einer Haftschicht, einer Alitierschicht und einer Keramikschicht bestehst, die auf das gegen hohe Temperatur beständige Basismetall des Bauteils aufgebracht ist, wobei die Haftschicht aus einer Ni, Co, CR, Al, Y enthaltenden Metalllegierung [MCrAlY (M = Ni, Co)] besteht, wobei die Alitierschicht durch Einwärtsdiffusion von Al auf die Haftschicht erzeugt wird und die Keramikschicht aus ZrO2 besteht, das durch Yttriumoxid teilstabilisiert ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein lebensdauerbestimmender Verlust des Al-Gehaltes in der Haftschicht derart vermindert wird, dass dem Werkstoff der Haftschicht ein oder mehrere chemische Metallelemente mit einem großen Atomdurchmesser aus der Gruppe Re, W, Si Hf und/oder Ta zulegiert sind und dass die Haftschicht nach dem Auftragen folgende chemische Zusammensetzung aufweist:Ni RestCo 15 bis 30 %Cr 15 bis 25 %Al 6 bis 13 %Y 0,2 bis 0,7 %Re bis 5 %W bis 5 %Si bis 3 %Hf bis 3 %Ta bis 5 %. - Wärmedämmende Schutzschicht nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Werkstoff der Haftschicht Re zulegiert ist und dass die Haftschicht nach dem Auftragen folgende chemische Zusammensetzung aufweist:Ni RestCo 25 %Cr 21 %Al 8 %Y 0,5 %Re 1,5 %.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE200510053531 DE102005053531A1 (de) | 2005-11-08 | 2005-11-08 | Wärmedämmende Schutzschicht für ein Bauteil innerhalb des Heißgasbereiches einer Gasturbine |
PCT/EP2006/010655 WO2007054265A2 (de) | 2005-11-08 | 2006-11-07 | Wärmedämmende schutzschicht für ein bauteil innerhalb des heissgasbereiches einer gasturbine |
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EP1945834A2 EP1945834A2 (de) | 2008-07-23 |
EP1945834B1 true EP1945834B1 (de) | 2017-01-04 |
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EP06818401.9A Not-in-force EP1945834B1 (de) | 2005-11-08 | 2006-11-07 | Wärmedämmende schutzschicht für ein bauteil innerhalb des heissgasbereiches einer gasturbine |
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US (1) | US9139896B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1945834B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2009515048A (de) |
CN (1) | CN101351576A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2629066A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102005053531A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2008118065A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2007054265A2 (de) |
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DE102008018539A1 (de) * | 2008-04-12 | 2009-10-15 | Berthold, Jürgen | Metallkörper mit metallischer Schutzschicht |
EP2216421A1 (de) * | 2009-01-29 | 2010-08-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Legierung, Schutzschicht und Bauteil |
DE102010010595A1 (de) * | 2010-03-08 | 2011-09-08 | Lufthansa Technik Ag | Verfahren zur Reparatur von Dichtsegmenten in der Rotor-/Statordichtung einer Gasturbine |
FR2960970B1 (fr) * | 2010-06-03 | 2015-02-20 | Snecma | Mesure de l'endommagement d'une barriere thermique d'aube de turbine |
DE102011103731A1 (de) * | 2011-05-31 | 2012-12-06 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Schutzschicht, mit einer Schutzschicht beschichtetes Bauteil und Gasturbine mit einem solchen Bauteil |
CN103060747B (zh) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-10-15 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种采用包埋渗工艺在Ni基高温合金上制备Y改性CoAlNi涂层的方法 |
US9931815B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2018-04-03 | General Electric Company | Coatings for metallic substrates |
US9289917B2 (en) * | 2013-10-01 | 2016-03-22 | General Electric Company | Method for 3-D printing a pattern for the surface of a turbine shroud |
KR102179506B1 (ko) * | 2013-12-23 | 2020-11-17 | 삼성전자 주식회사 | 전자장치 및 그 제어방법 |
US10578014B2 (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2020-03-03 | Tenneco Inc. | Combustion engine components with dynamic thermal insulation coating and method of making and using such a coating |
CN105463453B (zh) * | 2015-11-25 | 2018-09-14 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种界面稳定的热障涂层及其制备方法 |
US20190218668A1 (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2019-07-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | NiCoCrAlY-ALLOY, POWDER AND LAYER SYSTEM |
US10605785B2 (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2020-03-31 | General Electric Company | Sensor system and method |
CN108754386A (zh) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-06 | 北方工业大学 | 耐热冲击MCrAlY涂层及其制备方法 |
CN109735798B (zh) * | 2019-01-17 | 2020-08-07 | 长沙理工大学 | 抗高温蠕变性优良的改性奥氏体不锈钢及其制备方法 |
CN111893363B (zh) * | 2020-07-31 | 2021-11-19 | 西安交通大学 | 一种具有优异强度塑性匹配的NiCoCr基中熵合金及制备方法 |
CN112458351B (zh) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-10-15 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | 高抗压强度的镍钴基高温合金 |
CN114086101A (zh) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-02-25 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | 一种抗高温氧化和热腐蚀热障涂层及制备方法 |
CN114262859B (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-01-31 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | 一种双界面性能强化的MCrAlYX粘结层和热障涂层及其制备方法 |
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DE102004045049A1 (de) * | 2004-09-15 | 2006-03-16 | Man Turbo Ag | Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Schutzschicht |
-
2005
- 2005-11-08 DE DE200510053531 patent/DE102005053531A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2006
- 2006-11-07 JP JP2008539322A patent/JP2009515048A/ja active Pending
- 2006-11-07 RU RU2008118065/02A patent/RU2008118065A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-11-07 CN CNA2006800414617A patent/CN101351576A/zh active Pending
- 2006-11-07 CA CA 2629066 patent/CA2629066A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-11-07 EP EP06818401.9A patent/EP1945834B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-11-07 US US12/084,726 patent/US9139896B2/en active Active
- 2006-11-07 WO PCT/EP2006/010655 patent/WO2007054265A2/de active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2007054265A3 (de) | 2007-11-01 |
CN101351576A (zh) | 2009-01-21 |
EP1945834A2 (de) | 2008-07-23 |
RU2008118065A (ru) | 2009-12-20 |
US9139896B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 |
JP2009515048A (ja) | 2009-04-09 |
WO2007054265A2 (de) | 2007-05-18 |
CA2629066A1 (en) | 2007-05-18 |
DE102005053531A1 (de) | 2007-05-10 |
US20090011260A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
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