Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
  • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
  • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
  • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
  • H01Q25/02—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing sum and difference patterns
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
  • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
  • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
  • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
  • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
  • H01Q3/38—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters the phase-shifters being digital
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
  • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
  • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna

Definitions

• the present invention relates to radiation diversity transmit / receive antennas.
• This ring-shaped antenna topology is composed of sections of microstrip lines etched on a dielectric substrate connected to radiating elements and electromagnetic signal transmission / reception circuits. More specifically, the device of FIG. 1 comprises a circular ring A made by a microstrip line etched on the substrate.
• the device of FIG. 1 comprises a circular ring A made by a microstrip line etched on the substrate.
• Four sections of microstrip lines L1, L2, L3, L4 are connected to ring A such that the distance between the two outer microstrip line sections (L1, L4) is equal to 3 ⁇ / 4 where ⁇ is the length of d wave at the central operating frequency, while the distance between the other line sections (L1, L2, L2, L3, L3, L4) is equal to ⁇ / 4.
• the present invention therefore relates to a radiation diversity transmitting / receiving antenna which has a good directivity and which is, moreover, easy to implement.
• the present invention relates to a radiation diversity transmitting / receiving antenna comprising on a substrate at least a first and a second radiating element connected by a network of power supply lines to an electromagnetic signal transmission / reception circuit, characterized in that the network is constituted by a first power supply line connected to a first radiating element and by a set of two second power supply lines each connected via a switching element to the second radiating element so as to supply the two radiating elements in phase or in phase opposition.
• the set of two second supply lines is connected to the first supply line by a third supply line, the first and third supply lines being connected by a common supply line to the transmission circuit. receiving electromagnetic signals.
• the radiating elements are constituted by slot-type antennas, more particularly annular slots or polygonal slots.
• the slit-type antennas are connected to the supply lines by electromagnetic coupling, the supply lines being constituted by microstrip lines etched on the face of the substrate opposite to the face carrying the slot-type source antennas.
• the first supply line has a length equal to the length of one of the second feed lines plus the length of the third feed line.
• the radiating elements consist of antennas of the patch or "patch” type.
• the feed lines are preferably constituted by microstrip lines etched on the face of the substrate carrying the "patches".
• the switching elements are constituted for example by diodes, MEMS or electromechanical microsystems, transistors or any other element fulfilling the switching function ("switch" type of commerce).
• diodes they are mounted upside down and controlled by the same voltage.
• FIG. 1 already described very schematically represents an antenna topology according to the prior art
• FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a first embodiment of a radiation diversity antenna according to the present invention
• FIG. 3 is a view identical to that of FIG. 2 showing the two operating modes of the antenna according to the present invention
• FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view explaining the mounting of the diodes
• FIG. antennas according to the two configurations shown in Figure 3
• Figure 6 is a schematic plan view of a second embodiment of a radiation diversity antenna according to the present invention
• Figure 7 is a view identical to that of FIG. 4 showing the modes of operation of the present invention
• FIG. 8 represents the antenna adaptation curves according to the two configurations represented by FIG. es in Figure 5
• Figure 9 shows the antenna radiation diagram in the two configurations shown in FIG 5.
• the antenna comprises two radiating elements 10, 11 which consist of two annular slots made in known manner by etching the ground plane of a dielectric substrate.
• the two annular slots have an identical diameter equal to k ⁇ s where ⁇ s is the wavelength in the slot at the frequency of chosen operation. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the slits could be of polygonal shape and have different dimensions.
• slot type antennas are powered using electromagnetic coupling power supply according to Knorr's known method.
• other methods can be used as the tangential feed of the slot. More specifically, and as shown in FIG. 2, the first antenna 10 is fed by a line 22 made on the face of the substrate opposite to the face on which the annular slots are made.
• the line 22 intersects the slot 10 at a length k' ⁇ m / 4 of its end with ⁇ m the wavelength in the microstrip line at the central operating frequency.
• the second annular slot 11 is fed by a set of two feed lines 23, 24.
• These two feed lines 23 and 24 are made by microstrip lines engraved on the face of the substrate opposite to the face receiving the slot 11.
• the supply is carried out by electromagnetic coupling according to the Knorr method, the lines 23 and 24 cross the slot at points P and P 'being at a length k' ⁇ m / 4 of their end.
• the crossover point P of the line 23 with the slot 11 and the crossing point P 'of the line 24 with the slot 11 are diametrically opposed, so as to obtain a supply in phase or in phase opposition, as will be explained later.
• the two power supply lines 23 and 24 are connected to a third power supply line 25 which is itself connected with the power supply line 22 to a common power supply line 26 making it possible to connect the assembly to a power supply circuit. transmission / reception of electromagnetic waves not shown.
• a diode D1 and a diode D2 are respectively mounted on each of the supply lines 23 and 24, a diode D1 and a diode D2 are respectively mounted.
• the diodes D1 and D2 are mounted upside down and connected to a common voltage so that when one of the diodes is the other diode is blocked and vice versa.
• a diagrammatic representation of the mounting of the diodes is given in FIG. 4.
• the diode D1 is mounted in passing between a short circuit DC and a power supply line while the dide D2 is mounted on a passing path between the line. power supply and the short circuit DC.
• a negative (positive) voltage must be applied to the diode D2 ((respectively D1), making D2 busy (respectively blocked) and D1 blocked (respectively busy).
• the first supply line 22 has a length L1 which, for optimum operation, is equal to the length L3 of the supply line 25 plus the length L2 of one of the second supply lines 23 or 24.
• a radiation pattern corresponding to the sum of the two radiation diagrams is obtained when the supply of the two annular slots is in phase or a radiation pattern corresponding to the difference of the two diagrams when the power supply of the two two annular slots is out of phase.
• the diagrams of FIG. 5 show the "sum” and “difference” diagrams obtained with the annular slot-type antennas represented in FIG. 3. A directivity of 6.6 dB for the "sum” diagram and of 3.6 dB for the "sum” diagram is noted. the “difference” diagram The “sum” pattern has major lobes in the azimuthal plane, while the “difference” pattern has azimuthal nulls and major lobes in the +/- 60 ° planes.
• the two radiating elements formed on the substrate are constituted by two pellets or "patches" 30, 31 obtained by etching a ground plane of the substrate. These patches are sized, in known manner, to operate at the desired frequency.
• the patch 30 is powered by a supply line 40 while the patch 31 is powered by two supply lines 41, 42 connected symmetrically on each side of the patch 31. These two supply lines are connected to a common line
• diodes D1, D2 mounted head to tail and fed by a common voltage.
• the operation of the antenna shown in FIG. 4 will also be described with reference to FIG.
• a radiation diversity antenna whose radiating elements are patches has been simulated using known software, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
• the two patches 30 and 31 have have been dimensioned, in a known manner, to operate at 5.25 GHz and they have been networked as proposed above.
• FIG. 8 shows the matching curves corresponding to the two configurations of FIG. 7.
• This figure shows the adaptation curve S (1, 1) of the patch 30, and the adaptation curve S (FIG. 2.2) of patch 31.
• An adaptation at best equal to that observed for each of the patches is expected during the recombination of ports 1 and 2.
• the associated bandwidth is directly related to the choice of the element of radiation .
• FIG. 9 shows the radiation patterns for the two configurations a) and b) of FIG. 7. In the case of the first configuration, the two patches 30 and 31 are supplied in phase and the radiation pattern obtained is then the sum of the radiation patterns of the two patches.
• This diagram shows a main lobe in the azimuth plane and the associated directivity in this direction is 9.3 dB.
• the patches are energized in phase opposition.
• the radiation pattern is then the difference of the radiation patterns of the patches.
• This diagram then has a null in the azimuth plane and two main lobes in the +/- 60 ° planes.
• the directivity associated with these lobes is then 8 dB.
• the directivities obtained with this type of antenna are therefore much greater than the directivity obtained with antennas with a diversity of radiation according to the prior art.

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• Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
• Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
• Details Of Aerials (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-10-27 FR FR0553272A patent/FR2892862A1/fr active Pending
• 2006
  • 2006-10-18 JP JP2008537151A patent/JP4917610B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-10-18 WO PCT/FR2006/051054 patent/WO2007048958A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2006-10-18 CN CN2006800392177A patent/CN101292394B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-10-18 EP EP06820310A patent/EP1941580A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2006-10-18 US US12/083,306 patent/US7864126B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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