EP1929564A1 - Systeme de pile a combustible et procede pour faire fonctionner une pile a combustible - Google Patents

Systeme de pile a combustible et procede pour faire fonctionner une pile a combustible

Info

Publication number
EP1929564A1
EP1929564A1 EP06776859A EP06776859A EP1929564A1 EP 1929564 A1 EP1929564 A1 EP 1929564A1 EP 06776859 A EP06776859 A EP 06776859A EP 06776859 A EP06776859 A EP 06776859A EP 1929564 A1 EP1929564 A1 EP 1929564A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
heat
temperature
heat transfer
cell system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06776859A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dieter Melzner
Annette Reiche
Stefan Haufe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elcore GmbH
Original Assignee
Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH filed Critical Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH
Publication of EP1929564A1 publication Critical patent/EP1929564A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • Fuel cell system and method for operating a fuel cell Fuel cell system and method for operating a fuel cell.
  • the invention relates to an improved fuel cell system and a method for operating a fuel cell in an optimum temperature range.
  • HT-PEM-BZ high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
  • HT-PEM-BZ high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
  • Such HT-PEM fuel cells which are equipped, for example, with proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membranes based on polybenzimidazole, can be operated at temperatures of up to 250.degree.
  • a high efficiency should be present if the same electrical efficiency from a given amount of fuel, the largest possible amount of electric current is generated.
  • the optimum operating temperature for HT-PEM fuel cells is between about 110 and about 230 ° C. Their value is determined experimentally and depends on various factors, such as design of the fuel cell system (for example
  • the optimum operating temperature should be below the boiling point of the heat carrier.
  • an optimum operating temperature would be below 120 ° C at a pressure of 1.987 bar abs. in the heat transfer circuit of the fuel cell system, of 140 0 C at a pressure of 3.615 bar abs. or from 160 ° C at a pressure of 6.181 bar abs ..
  • an optimum operating temperature below 140 ° C should be strived for.
  • the optimum operating temperature may also be below about atmospheric pressure above 200 ° C. If not pure fuel, but For example, is reacted with carbon monoxide contaminated hydrogen, the fuel cell system is more tolerant of this contamination, the higher the operating temperature is selected, so that in this case the optimum operating temperature is set as high as possible. At the preset optimum operating temperature in the context of the invention, an upper temperature difference of about 20% is taken into account as a temperature buffer, in order to ensure that no material damage occurs when working in the boundary region of these temperatures. Fuel cells are caused by lowering the cell voltage to deliver a higher electrical current, which is associated with a higher supply of fuel and / or oxidant.
  • the temperature of the fuel cell may increase so that the range of its optimum operating temperature is left, and may additionally damage their components occur.
  • Fuel cells are caused by increasing the cell voltage to deliver a lower electrical current, which is associated with a reduced supply of fuel and / or oxidant. Because this results in the release of a smaller amount of heat, the temperature of the fuel cell can fall below the range of its optimum operating temperature, resulting in a power dip of the fuel cell, for example due to increased internal electrical cell resistance - partial amounts include the membrane resistance and overvoltages at the electrodes - leads. Under these circumstances, an economical driving of the fuel cell is no longer possible.
  • WO 2004/036675 A2 describes a method for controlling a fuel cell system in which a desired temperature of the fuel cell is to be maintained.
  • the fuel cell system has a device for regulating the temperature of a coolant circuit circulated through the fuel cell. Excess heat is removed from the coolant by heating water in a water tank provided for moistening the gases supplied to the anode and / or cathode side of the fuel cell and / or by a radiator.
  • the Coolant can be heated by a heating device. In the heating device, a catalytic conversion of the fuel takes place.
  • US Pat. No. 6,649,290 B2 describes a method in which a preferred operating temperature for various components of a fuel cell apparatus, including the fuel cell itself, is maintained by adjusting the flows of a cooling gas to be adjusted via a specifically selected arrangement
  • Temperature is high enough for an efficient process but low enough in terms of materials, maintained by regulating the flow of oxidant.
  • DE 103 60 458 A1 describes a fuel cell system with a burner which can be operated optionally with fuel and / or fuel cell exhaust gas and wherein a heat exchanger arrangement for the transmission of burner generated in the
  • Heat is provided in the fuel cell to be fed air and / or in the fuel cell to be fed hydrogen-containing gas.
  • EP 1 507 302 A2 describes a fuel cell cascade (solid oxide fuel cell) in which a small fuel cell unit maintains its operation while a large fuel cell unit is out of operation. Will be a higher
  • the disadvantage is that the fuel cells are not consistently operated in the described fuel cell systems in a narrow range in which the optimal
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose an improved fuel cell system and a method for operating a fuel cell, which ensure that the fuel cell can be operated with high efficiency without irreversible damage.
  • a fuel cell system which has at least one fuel cell with a fuel cell stack and separator plates, which are equipped with feeds and discharges for a heat transfer medium, a thermostat, a heat transfer medium having a conveying device for the heat transfer medium, in which at least the fuel cell and the thermostat includes at least one temperature sensor for the fuel cell and a control and control unit for the temperature comprises.
  • the temperature of the fuel cell can be controlled by the combination of the named parts of the fuel cell system by means of the control and control unit and the temperature sensor of the fuel cell so that a preset optimum operating temperature of the fuel cell in the fuel cell system after the startup phase by no more than 5% falls below and is not exceeded by more than 20%.
  • the fuel cell system is designed so that the preset optimum operating temperature falls short of at most 3% and at most exceeded by 10% and very particularly preferably not more than 2% below and exceeded by at most 5%.
  • This is achievable via the type of heat carrier, the design of the separator plates, the thermostat and / or the conveyor device and / or the procedure for operating the fuel cell.
  • Pumps or radiators are used as conveying devices.
  • the at least one temperature sensor of the fuel cell is arranged on or in the fuel cell.
  • the at least one temperature sensor is arranged in the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell.
  • the at least one temperature sensor can be installed directly in the membrane electrode assembly.
  • a heat storage is connected in the heat transfer circuit, which serves for supplying or removing heat energy to or from the heat carrier.
  • a heat storage media are preferably used with a high specific heat or latent heat storage.
  • the heat carriers are preferably liquid medium, such as water, silicone or mineral oils.
  • a further improved embodiment of the invention is that the fuel cell system is a in the heat transfer circuit of the fuel cell system, a buffer vessel with an additional heat transfer amount for supplying or discharging heat energy in or out of the fuel cell is switched on.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by a method for operating a fuel cell in a fuel cell system with the following steps:
  • A) circulating a heat carrier in a heat transfer circuit which comprises at least one fuel cell equipped for a supply and discharge of the heat carrier separator plates, a thermostat and a conveying device for the heat carrier,
  • step D) comparing the temperature measured according to step C) with a preset optimum operating temperature of the fuel cell of
  • step E) if the comparison made in step D) shows that the measured temperature is higher than the preset optimum operating temperature of the Fuel cell deviates, changing the operating temperature of the heat carrier and / or changing the heat transfer flow through the fuel cell by means of the conveyor to an extent that the temperature of the fuel cell after the start phase of the preset optimum operating temperature of the fuel cell system at most by 5% and at most in order
  • the step E is carried out so that the preset optimum operating temperature falls below at most 3% and at most exceeded by 10%, and most preferably at most 2% below and exceeded by at most 5%.
  • a heat accumulator is additionally connected in the heat carrier circuit according to step A) for the supply or removal of heat energy to or from the heat carrier.
  • the thermostat is connected to a heat exchanger for supplying or removing heat energy in or out of the thermostat.
  • the heat transfer medium preferably liquid medium is circulated through the heat transfer medium circulation in the process, in particular water or silicone or mineral oils.
  • a buffer vessel with an additional heat transfer amount for supplying or discharging heat energy into or out of the fuel cell is switched into the heat transfer circuit.
  • the temperature in the fuel cell according to step C) is measured at at least one point in the fuel cell stack itself.
  • the at least one temperature sensor is installed, for example, directly in the separator plates or directly in the membrane electrode unit.
  • the method according to the invention is preferably carried out automatically by means of a control and control unit. The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the figure and the exemplary embodiments.
  • the figure shows schematically a fuel cell system according to the invention.
  • the figure shows a fuel cell system 1, which comprises a fuel cell 2 with a fuel cell stack (not shown) and separator plates (not shown), which are equipped via feeders 3 and 4 discharges for a heat transfer medium.
  • feeds for fuel 5 and oxidizing agent 6 as well as discharges for oxidation products 7 and unreacted fuels 8 are present at the fuel cell 2.
  • the fuel cell system 1 further includes a thermostat 9, a heat circuit with a conveyor 10 for the heat carrier and at least one temperature sensor 11 for the fuel cell 2.
  • a control and control unit 12 is at least with the at least one temperature sensor 11, the pump 10 and valves Vl to V7 connected. (The connections are not shown.)
  • a heat accumulator 13 via the valves Vl and V2 is switchable.
  • the thermostat 9 is connected to a heat exchanger 14 for supplying or removing 16 heat energy in or out of the thermostat.
  • the figure also shows a buffer vessel 17, which is equipped with an additional heat transfer amount for supplying or removing heat energy in or out of the fuel cell 2 and can be connected via the valves V4 and V5 in the heat transfer circuit.
  • the fuel cell 2 is provided with a bypass line 18 and can be switched off by means of the valves V6 and V7 from the heat transfer circuit. This makes it possible, before the start of the cold fuel cell 2 initially the heat transfer medium circuit with the optionally switched components 9, 13, 14, 17 tempered so that then after connection, the fuel cell 2 can be heated quickly to the preset optimum operating temperature.
  • a heat transfer medium is circulated through the heat transfer circuit after the start phase with the valve V3 open and corresponding position of the valves V6 and V7, which comprises at least the fuel cell 2, the thermostat 9 and the conveyor 10 for the Heat transfer medium (step A).
  • the measured temperature (steps B and C) and the Comparison of the measured according to step C temperature with a preset optimum operating temperature of the fuel cell (step D) found that to maintain the permissible temperature deviation more heat must be dissipated from the fuel cell 2 or supplied to the fuel cell 2, first, the delivery rate of the conveyor 10 is reduced or be increased and / or it can be switched on the valves V4 and V5 with closed valves Vl to V3, the buffer vessel 17 in the heat carrier circuit. At special peaks, the heat accumulator 13 is switched on the valves Vl and V2 with the valve closed V3, so that he can absorb heat peaks or can give additional heat energy in the heat transfer circuit, if it is charged with heat. In addition, can be supplied via the heat exchanger 14 in addition external heat energy into the fuel cell system 15 or excess heat energy discharged from the fuel cell system 16 when all components 9, 17, 13 of the heat carrier circuit are charged with heat energy.
  • the HT-PEM fuel cell has a phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membrane.
  • the heat transfer medium circuit can be filled with water up to a pressure of 3.615 bar abs. be taken care of. If the amount of electricity obtained at this temperature from a normalized amount of hydrogen consumed at the same electrical efficiency equal to 100%, then the amount of electricity produced at 145 0 C from the normalized amount of hydrogen was 106%, and the amount of electricity generated at 103 0 C from the normalized Amount of hydrogen 89%. Material damage was not observed.
  • 160 ° C. was determined as the optimum operating temperature of a fuel cell system according to the invention for stationary applications which was operated with a hydrogen mixture (carbon monoxide fraction 0.33% by volume) produced by a reformer.
  • a fuel cell as in Example 1 is used.
  • the fuel cell system was but with mineral oil instead of water as a heat transfer just over 1 bar abs. operated.
  • the mineral oil is stable in continuous use up to over 250 ° C.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système amélioré de piles à combustible et un procédé permettant de faire fonctionner une pile à combustible, caractérisés en ce que la pile à combustible peut fonctionner sans dommages irréversibles à grande efficacité. Le système de piles à combustible de l'invention comprend au moins une pile à combustible comportant au moins un empilement de piles à combustible et des plaques de séparation, lesquelles sont utilisées pour un caloporteur par l'intermédiaire d'amenées et de sorties ; un thermostat ; un circuit caloporteur présentant un dispositif de transport pour le caloporteur, dans lequel la pile à combustible et le thermostat sont insérés ; au moins un détecteur de température utilisé pour la pile à combustible ; et une unité de commande et de contrôle pour la température de la pile à combustible. Selon l'invention, la pile à combustible peut ainsi fonctionner à une température proche de la température de fonctionnement optimale.
EP06776859A 2005-09-20 2006-08-16 Systeme de pile a combustible et procede pour faire fonctionner une pile a combustible Withdrawn EP1929564A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005044825A DE102005044825A1 (de) 2005-09-20 2005-09-20 Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennstoffzelle
PCT/EP2006/008051 WO2007033733A1 (fr) 2005-09-20 2006-08-16 Systeme de pile a combustible et procede pour faire fonctionner une pile a combustible

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1929564A1 true EP1929564A1 (fr) 2008-06-11

Family

ID=37075922

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06776859A Withdrawn EP1929564A1 (fr) 2005-09-20 2006-08-16 Systeme de pile a combustible et procede pour faire fonctionner une pile a combustible

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20080305370A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1929564A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102005044825A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007033733A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202009001859U1 (de) 2009-02-13 2009-06-10 Maier, Walter Einsammelgerät für Tierkot
US10388971B2 (en) 2016-03-09 2019-08-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Fuel cell stack thermal management

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6124054A (en) * 1998-12-23 2000-09-26 International Fuel Cells, Llc Purged anode low effluent fuel cell
US6905792B2 (en) * 2000-10-13 2005-06-14 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Cooling system and cooling process of fuel cell
DE10055245A1 (de) * 2000-11-08 2002-08-29 Xcellsis Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Start eines Brennstoffzellensytems
US6596426B2 (en) * 2001-04-05 2003-07-22 Utc Fuel Cells, Llc Method and apparatus for the operation of a cell stack assembly during subfreezing temperatures
US20030044662A1 (en) * 2001-08-31 2003-03-06 Plug Power Inc. Method and apparatus for thermal management in a fuel cell system
US7070873B2 (en) * 2001-10-16 2006-07-04 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Cooling method for fuel cell

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102005044825A1 (de) 2007-04-05
WO2007033733A1 (fr) 2007-03-29
US20080305370A1 (en) 2008-12-11

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