Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
  • B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
  • B24D5/16—Bushings; Mountings
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
  • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
  • B24D7/16—Bushings; Mountings

Definitions

• the invention relates to a carrier body for a rotating grinding or cutting tool, in particular a grinding wheel, grinding cup or grinding drum, wherein on the carrier body a coating of an abrasive material, e.g. Cubic boron nitride (CBN) or diamond, can be applied.
• an abrasive material e.g. Cubic boron nitride (CBN) or diamond
• the invention further relates to a rotary grinding or cutting tool, in particular a grinding wheel, grinding cup or grinding drum, the tool comprising a carrier body and at least one coating applied on a peripheral surface and / or at least one side surface of the carrier body of an abrasive material, e.g. Cubic boron nitride (CBN) or diamond.
• a rotary grinding or cutting tool in particular a grinding wheel, grinding cup or grinding drum
• the tool comprising a carrier body and at least one coating applied on a peripheral surface and / or at least one side surface of the carrier body of an abrasive material, e.g. Cubic boron nitride (CBN) or diamond.
• CBN Cubic boron nitride
• the invention further relates to a method for producing a rotating grinding or cutting tool.
• the invention also relates to a method for operating a rotating grinding or cutting tool according to the invention.
• High-speed grinding wheels currently in use comprise a carrier body of metal, in particular steel, aluminum or aluminum sintered alloys, on which a coating of abrasive material is applied, wherein the abrasive material coating can be applied to a peripheral surface of the carrier body and / or on the side surfaces of the carrier body ,
• a disadvantage of these known grinding wheels on the one hand their high weight, which brings a considerable load on the spindle of a grinding machine on which the grinding wheel is mounted, as well as the bearing of the spindle with it.
• This weight load of the spindle and its bearings reduces the life of spindle and spindle bearings and thus leads to increased maintenance and repair costs and downtime of the grinding machine.
• the high weight of the known grinding wheels (typically in the range up to 100 kg) makes a manual change of the grinding wheels difficult or impossible. Rather, a lifting device must be used for almost every change, which extends the change process to several hours or requires a complex automatic change mechanism and thus reduces the productivity of the grinding machine. Also in pendulum lifting, the high moving masses of the known make Grinding wheels particularly disturbing noticeable. The high weight also leads to increased energy consumption when driving the grinding wheel.
• fiber composite body made of pre-impregnated prepreg fabrics or layers, but due to their quasi-isotropic nature, only insufficient strength values, especially for grinding applications with a lateral axial load, have.
• the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a carrier body for a rotating grinding or cutting tool and a grinding or cutting tool produced therefrom, in which the disadvantages of the prior art are avoided.
• the rotationally symmetrical carrier body according to the invention for a rotating grinding or cutting tool comprises two side walls, which are interconnected at their peripheral area, wherein the side walls comprise a fiber-reinforced composite material, in particular a carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber material. , Basalt fiber or synthetic fiber reinforced composite, exhibit. Fiber-reinforced composites are also referred to in the literature as fiber composites.
• the fiber composite materials are injected during the manufacturing process or thereafter with a synthetic resin, which is then cured, whereby the carrier body can be realized in substantially free forms.
• a synthetic resin which is then cured, whereby the carrier body can be realized in substantially free forms.
• To increase the structural strength may be in the resin micro-fibers or nanofibers of a reinforcing material, eg Kohlefase ⁇ i, glass fibers, aramid fibers, basalt fibers, or synthetic fibers, embedded.
• the carrier body is made according to the invention in a lightweight construction, which allows a reduction of its weight to up to 1/10 of the weight of conventional metal carrier body. Nevertheless, the carrier body according to the invention due to the use of fiber-reinforced composite material has an extremely high strength and rigidity, which is even more dramatically increased in the embodiment with two spaced apart side walls in relation to the absorption of lateral forces.
• the drastically reduced weight of the carrier body according to the invention leads to a lower spindle load of the grinding machine and thus increases the life of the grinding spindle and thus reduces the maintenance and repair costs and downtime of the production plant.
• carrier bodies produced as a solid body have a substantially reduced weight compared to known carrier bodies.
• Abrasive coatings for high-speed grinding consist of the CBN / diamond grain, bond and pores, whereby, for example, ceramic and resin-bonded CBN / diamond coatings are bonded to the base body mainly by adhesion.
• a thin, metallic, optionally profiled ring is additionally applied to the carbon or CFRP body at the outer circumference so that the electroplating process is physically possible.
• the reduced thermal expansion coefficient of the composite support body according to the invention compared with the known support bodies leads to a higher dimensional accuracy over a wide temperature range and, inter alia, makes the segmentation of the abrasive grain coating superfluous even with larger windows.
• the continuous coating of the carrier body with abrasive material leads to optimized surface quality, improves the abrasive grain breakout behavior and thus increases the service life of the grinding wheel.
• the fields of application of the invention are very extensive. They range from the formation of the carrier body according to the invention as a grinding wheel carrier body to the outer and inner cylindrical grinding of components. Further fields of application of the invention relate to surface grinding, grooving, profile grinding and tool grinding. In particular, the invention may be advantageous in the fields of wave grinding, in particular crankshaft grinding, gear shaft grinding,
• Compressor wheel grinding, camshaft grinding, roll grinding, peel grinding, gear grinding for which profiled disks are used, the high lateral Must take loads, for which the present invention is best
• centerless grinding using a grinding wheel type in drum shape ie a grinding drum, for example, be used with a diameter of over 1000mm and a length ranging from about half a diameter to a multiple of the diameter.
• a grinding drum for example, be used with a diameter of over 1000mm and a length ranging from about half a diameter to a multiple of the diameter.
• Such grinding drums can be optimally produced with the invention.
• components of flange and shaft extension with bearings and disc-shaped components can be produced.
• the invention relates to grinding wheels and grinding heads for the wafer grinding of the semiconductor industry.
• the side walls are not connected to each other at its peripheral portion not directly, but by a peripheral wall having the same composite material as the side walls or another fiber reinforced composite material.
• a particularly light, highly stable and extensive degrees of freedom in the shaping offering carrier body is obtained if between the side walls at least partially a core material, in particular a honeycomb core, preferably aramid, or a foam core, is arranged.
• a core material in particular a honeycomb core, preferably aramid, or a foam core
• suitable core materials include wood or minerals, e.g. Granite. Hollow chambers may also be suitable.
• the carrier body according to the invention allows the formation of its side walls and possibly the peripheral wall as curved surfaces or free-form surfaces. This makes it possible to produce rotating grinding tools based on the carrier body according to the invention, which are used for demanding tasks such as peeling grinding and face shoulder grinding.
• the carrier body has a hub which passes through the side walls centrally.
• the hub may optionally be formed as a metal element.
• the spacer sleeves preferably are fixed by means of interference fit and adhesives in the side walls.
• the spacer sleeves are in this case e.g. mounted in one or more concentric circles in the force introduction region of the carrier body.
• the spacer sleeves are conically shaped so that form-fitting exists and they can not solve the carrier body.
• the fibers of the composite material are laid according to the force curve calculated for the use in the side walls or the peripheral wall.
• fibers can also be wound around deflection points, wherein pins can be used as deflection points.
• fibers of the composite in the sidewalls may be disposed substantially radially or arcuately extending from the center of the sidewall to the periphery to minimize material distortion.
• the fibers may be arranged specifically in the sidewalls and also in the peripheral wall in the tangential circumferential direction in concentric and eccentric circles, respectively.
• High stability is also achieved if in the sidewalls fibers of the composite are circular, elliptical and / or spirally arranged extending from the center to the periphery.
• a drastic increase in the rigidity of the carrier body is achieved if the fibers are arranged in a plurality of layers in the side walls and optionally the peripheral wall, in particular in a cross position.
• a further reduction of the weight of the inventive carrier body while maintaining the necessary stability can be achieved if the thickness of the side walls tapers from a central region towards the circumference or vice versa at least in sections.
• the invention also provides to combine the actual support body with flanges, shafts, spindles, etc., either by the aforementioned bonding or by a one-piece design to reduce the total weight of this group of components and thereby drive higher speeds with lower energy consumption and can to obtain an optimized and integrated vibration system.
• the fiber-reinforced composite material of the side walls and optionally the peripheral wall with energy converter materials such as piezoelectric, in particular piezoceramic films and fibers, or magnetostrictive or electroactive materials, combined.
• the energy converter materials are partially connected as sensors with an electrical control to detect mechanical vibrations as they occur, and to derive a control signal therefrom, which in turn different Energywandler materials that are operated as actuators, supplied to counteract the mechanical vibrations.
• Piezo fibers and foils without energy supply can also be used, but they have a lower damping effect.
• the piezo fibers and foils can be connected to energy stores or externally supplied with energy via the spindle in order to achieve a higher damping effect.
• CBN / diamond abrasive coatings are bonded to the carrier body by means of adhesive.
• Process step takes place in the impregnation of the preforms of the carrier body and the splice. The subsequent curing also takes place together.
• the invention also includes a method for operating a rotary grinding or cutting tool according to the invention, which is characterized in that the Schleifjo Cutting tool is pivoted in the direction of the force resulting from the vector addition of contact force and feed force. This increases the stability of the grinding wheel carrier body and the service life of the abrasive coating by optimally compensating the anisotropy of the strength of the materials used.
• Fig. 2 shows a carrier body according to the invention in longitudinal section.
• Fig. 3 shows a detail of another embodiment of an inventive
• Fig. 5 shows a longitudinal section of a further embodiment of an inventive
• FIG. 7 shows a side view of a side wall of a further inventive carrier body.
• FIGS. 11A and 11B show a further sectional view and top view, respectively
• Figures 12A and 12B show in a sectional view and in plan view, another embodiment of a carrier body according to the invention.
• FIGS. 13A and 13B show a further sectional view and top view, respectively
• FIG. 14 shows in cross-sectional views embodiments of grinding or cutting tools according to the invention, which have a positive connection between the carrier body made of fiber-reinforced composite material and a lining of abrasive material.
• Fig. 17 illustrates a method of operating a rotary grinding or cutting tool.
• the grinding wheel 1 shows in longitudinal section a first embodiment of a grinding wheel 1 according to the invention.
• the grinding wheel 1 comprises a rotationally symmetrical carrier body 2, on the circumference of which an abrasive material 3, eg cubic boron nitride (CBN), is applied.
• the carrier body 2 has two spaced-apart side walls 2a, 2b, which are interconnected at their peripheral region via a peripheral wall 2c.
• the carrier body 2 is designed rotationally symmetrical and has in its center on a hub 4 which is rotatable about a rotation axis A.
• the side walls 2a, 2b and the peripheral wall are made of a fiber-reinforced composite material, wherein carbon fiber, glass fiber or synthetic fiber reinforced composite materials are preferred.
• the side walls 2a, 2b are connected to each other at approximately half the radius of the carrier body by a circumferential cylindrical web 5.
• a plurality of individual webs may be provided, which are configured, for example, rod-shaped or circular-segment-shaped.
• a plurality of spacer sleeves 9 arranged in a circle around the hub 4 are press-fit through the side walls 2a, 2b in the carrier body 2 fixed.
• the carrier body may also be formed at least in sections as a solid body, wherein also foam cores can be used to save weight, see Fig.12.
• FIG. 2 shows a further carrier body 12 according to the invention in longitudinal section.
• This carrier body 12 comprises two side walls 12a, 12b, which approach each other towards the circumference 12c.
• the side walls 12a, 12b are directly connected to each other, ie without a peripheral wall therebetween.
• Reference numeral 12e denotes a connecting joint.
• the side walls are at their peripheral area of one unidirectional band 12d - preferably of CFK - surrounded having extending in a direction reinforcing fibers.
• the unidirectional belt 12d is first inserted into a mold during production and then the side walls 12a. 12b inserted as preforms in the mold, whereupon a resin impregnation step and a curing step are performed.
• the side walls 12a, 12b approach each other towards the periphery, they define between each other a cavity 6 which is partially filled by a foam 13.
• some of the piezoceramic foils 14 are used as sensors which convert mechanical forces acting on them into electrical signals due to vibrations, and others of the piezoceramic foils 15 are used as actuators which compensate the detected vibrations by movements (displacement, displacement, expansion, contraction , Deflection) counteract actorically, their movements being controlled by an electronic controller 17, which receives the sensor signals of the piezoceramic films 14 on the one hand and calculates corresponding control signals therefrom, and on the other hand activates the piezoceramic films 15 with these control signals.
• the regulator 17 is connected to the piezoceramic foils by means of electrical conductors 16.
• the drum-shaped carrier body 32 thus has a design with CFK fiber present on all sides and an inner filler body (core).
• the present embodiment of the carrier body 32 is ideal for the production of a grinding drum for the centerless grinding of products after the für vers- or puncture method, wherein for the puncture method, the peripheral wall 32c may also be constructed more complicated (eg different cylindrical sections with different diameters) to allow the grinding of products with other than cylindrical shape.
• FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section of a further embodiment of a grinding wheel 41 according to the invention, which shows that the carrier body 42 can also be largely constructed in free form. It is a foam core 46 is used, on which the side walls 42a, 42b are constructed, which are joined together at the periphery 42c.
• the grinding wheel 41 is provided for side grinding, for which reason an annular coating 43 of abrasive material is applied to the side wall 42a.
• foam cores and honeycomb cores a wide variety of embodiments of the support body can be realized, e.g. Shell shapes, discs with recesses, cup wheels, in particular cup wheels specially for wafer grinding, beveled shells, shapes with tapers, etc.
• the two side walls need not be spaced apart over the entire carrier body, but at least partially merge into each other can, ie can form a full wall. Also a full-body education is possible.
• Fig. 6 shows in side view a side wall 52a in which in one half an arcuate course of fibers 54, 55 is illustrated from the center of the side wall to its periphery, the fibers 54, 55 being in a cross position, and in the other half of the side wall 52a a radial profile of fibers 56 is shown. Furthermore, fibers 57 are provided with a tangential course in the form of concentric or eccentric circles.
• FIG. 7 shows in side view a side wall 62a in which the fiber 65 spirals from the hub to the circumference and is in a cross-plane with radial fibers 64.
• the fiber 65 spirals from the hub to the circumference and is in a cross-plane with radial fibers 64.
• ellipses and concentric and eccentric circles can be arranged in multiple layers.
• FIGS. 8 and 9 show examples of centerless grinding using a grinding drum 71, 81 with a carrier body 72, 82 according to the invention.
• the workpiece 76, 86 to be ground thereby rests on a support ruler 75.
• a counter drum 74, 84 presses the workpiece 76, 86 against the peripheral surface 72c, 82c of the grinding drum, the peripheral surface 72c (FIG. 8) having a cylindrical shape and the peripheral surface 82c (FIG. 9) being multi-stepped.
• Carbon fiber rovings (carbon rovings) or the like are used to produce the carrier body according to the invention.
• An insert may be provided, e.g. made of foam, on which the walls of the fiber-reinforced composite material are built.
• the compound of the carrier body with the abrasive material is expediently carried out by means of an adhesive, in particular an epoxy resin adhesive.
• the final geometry is created by a mechanical CNC machining.
• the main advantage of the carrier body 92 is its low mass and thus the optimized unbalance, damping and thus vibration behavior.
• the abrasive coating is applied to collars 93, 95 on the outside diameter.
• the attachment to the spindle by means of a screw connection through the inner bore 94. If necessary, a high-precision fit inside a steel insert is introduced.
• This carrier body 102 is provided for the grinding of shafts with flat shoulders or the flat grinding.
• Face shoulder grinding refers to shaft shoulders, where the surface is 90 ° to
• the carrier body 102 is in turn constructed as a solid body made of fiber-reinforced composite material and offers a CFRP-compliant, completely novel geometry with curved surfaces 103, 106 on both sides, on which a coating
• the carrier body 102 is fastened by means of the threaded holes 104 directly or via the larger inner bore on a grinding machine and further has small through-holes 105, in the not shown for fine balancing
• Steel pins of different lengths can be used.
• the production takes place by a solid fiber construction on a foam core 107.
• FIGS. 12A and 12B show a further embodiment of a carrier body 112 according to the invention, FIG. 12B being a plan view and FIG. 12A being a sectional view along the line A-A of FIG. 12B.
• the carrier body 112 is made of fiber-reinforced
• Composite material is arranged, are arranged in the circularly arranged conical spacers 113 having through holes 114, so that the support body 112 can be screwed directly to a rotating spindle of a grinding machine.
• a metallic ring 115 is arranged at the periphery of the carrier body 112 as a base for the galvanic
• Abrasive coating arranged.
• FIGS. 13A and 13B in turn show a further embodiment of a carrier body 122 according to the invention, FIG. 13B being a plan view and FIG. 13A a
• the carrier body 122 differs from the previous embodiments in that it consists of two Parts composed of fiber reinforced composite material, namely a cylindrical disc 123 and a conical reinforcing disc 124.
• the two discs 123, 124 are bonded together at their interface 125.
• a fiber reinforced composite spindle sheath could be connected to the disc 123, thereby forming an assembly which is a unit of the actual cutting / grinding tool whose support body is the disc 123 and a spindle , which is connectable to the drive of a grinding machine.
• the reinforcing disk 124 can also be made in other material qualities such as steel or aluminum.
• the invention also provides a rotating grinding or cutting tool in which a carrier body made of fiber-reinforced composite material is connected by means of positive connection with a coating of abrasive material.
• the positive connection is preferably a dovetail connection.
• Figures 14, 15 and 16 each show in cross-section different embodiments of such Schleiffraction. Cutting tools.
• FIG. 14 shows a grinding wheel 131 with a carrier body 132 of fiber-reinforced composite material and a lining 134 of abrasive material, which is connected to the carrier body 132 via a dovetail connection 133.
• FIG. 15 shows a grinding wheel 141 with a carrier body 142 of fiber-reinforced composite material and a coating 144 of abrasive material, which is connected to the carrier body 142 via a dovetail connection 143.
• This embodiment differs from that of Fig. 14 by an inverted dovetail connection, which is considered to be more durable because the abrasive material pad 144 rests against the outer surfaces of the dovetail member 142 and compresses it upon the application of centrifugal forces.
• 16 shows a grinding wheel 151 having a fiber reinforced composite support body 152 and an abrasive material outer race 154 connected to the support body 152 via a simple dovetail connection (undercut). This grinding wheel 151 is particularly easy to produce.
• thermosets as adhesives and thermoplastics can be used, which are toughened than thermosets.
• a form-fitting dovetail connection can be created in that the preforms (that is, the fiber halves not yet injected) of the carrier body are designed in such a way that a type of dovetail groove or tongue is formed on the outside diameter.
• the dovetail counterform is attached to the lining inside.
• the segments are coated with a suitable epoxy resin adhesive prior to injection.
• This thermosetting Epoxyharzkleber must be the best possible bond with the epoxy resin, which is used in the injection and curing of the base body, enter, or the same epoxy resin can be used.
• the proposed manufacturing method of the grinding / cutting tools according to the invention also allows ring pads made of abrasive instead of the usual segments form to additionally generate a positive connection with the carrier body in addition to the adhesion or adhesive bond.
• a method for operating a rotating grinding or cutting tool which in this exemplary embodiment has the carrier body 122 known from FIGS. 13A and 13B, will now be explained with reference to FIG. 17.
• the aim of the method according to the invention is to provide absorb forces occurring during operation of the tool as possible, ie with minimal component deformation.
• the inventive carrier bodies of fiber-reinforced composite material can absorb high normal forces, ie the contact forces Fn without component deformation, but are - depending on the design - prone to component deformation when axial forces occur, ie at feed forces Fa, since they do not achieve the rigidity in any direction as isotropic Materials such as steel.
• the operating method according to the invention now proposes that the grinding or cutting tool is pivoted in the direction of the force Fres resulting from the vector addition of contact force Fn and feed force Fa.
• Fig. 17 shows the vector addition and the resulting pivot angle ⁇ . During this pivoting, the resulting force Fres on the carrier body 122 acts as a pure normal load.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
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