EP1921211B1 - Dispositif de guidage du trafic - Google Patents
Dispositif de guidage du trafic Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1921211B1 EP1921211B1 EP07021615A EP07021615A EP1921211B1 EP 1921211 B1 EP1921211 B1 EP 1921211B1 EP 07021615 A EP07021615 A EP 07021615A EP 07021615 A EP07021615 A EP 07021615A EP 1921211 B1 EP1921211 B1 EP 1921211B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rods
- anchor
- con
- guidance device
- traffic guidance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F15/00—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact
- E01F15/02—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes
- E01F15/04—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes essentially made of longitudinal beams or rigid strips supported above ground at spaced points
- E01F15/0407—Metal rails
- E01F15/0423—Details of rails
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F15/00—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact
- E01F15/02—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes
- E01F15/06—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes essentially made of cables, nettings or the like
Definitions
- the invention relates to a traffic guidance device for attachment to the edge of roadways for motor vehicles.
- a traffic guidance device is for example from the DE 10 847 445 U known.
- the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a traffic guidance device, which has a greater retention capability over the conventional traffic guidance devices and which may be easily formed by retrofitting conventional traffic guidance facilities.
- the essence of the invention is to provide a traffic guidance device with at least two train anchors for stabilizing the individual supports and a plurality of connection anchors which firmly connect the train anchors together, at least two train anchors being arranged in a horizontal position. Direction spaced from each other. Due to this rigid unit of train anchors and connection anchors, the traffic guidance device has a particularly high stability. The distance between two mutually adjacent supports can therefore be considerably increased, allowing a low total weight of the traffic guidance device.
- Fig. 1 and 2 do not represent embodiments of the invention, but are merely illustrative of the embodiments according to the invention Fig. 3 to 5 ,
- the traffic guidance device 1 is mounted on the edge of a roadway for motor vehicles to prevent vehicles coming off the roadway beyond the roadway edge. This is especially true on bridges, especially on highway bridges, central.
- the traffic guidance device 1 can also be arranged between traffic lanes with oncoming traffic.
- the traffic guidance device 1 extends along a horizontal roadway direction 2, which also extends the longitudinal extension direction of the traffic guidance device 1 corresponds and according to Fig. 1 into the drawing. It has arranged at regular intervals, with the bottom 3 in connection standing supports 4.
- the supports 4 extend vertically in a vertical direction 5, which is perpendicular to the bottom 3 here and also extends perpendicular to the roadway direction 2 or longitudinal direction. In Fig. 1 the vertical direction 5 is drawn so that it runs away from the bottom 3 upwards.
- the supports 4 are identical and can have any profile, in particular a T-profile, double T-profile, ⁇ -profile or a U-profile. They have at their lower end 6 in each case one fixed to them ground plate 7, which is immovably connected via anchors or screws 8 with the bottom 3.
- the floor 3 may be concrete or asphalt. Accordingly, the screws 8 are designed as concrete screws or asphalt screws.
- the supports 4 can also be rammed directly into the ground for fixing.
- guardrail 9 is attached at the supports 4 a running in the direction of the road 2 guardrail 9 is attached.
- the guardrail 9 is here attached to the support front 10, which faces the roadway.
- the traffic guidance device 1 can also be installed between two lanes for the separation of opposing traffic.
- the traffic guidance device 1 is configured such that guard rails 9 are arranged on both sides of the supports 4.
- Guardrail 9 is a single-distance guard plank, abbreviated as EDSP.
- At the front 10 and two crash barriers 9 can be mounted one above the other.
- the number of mounted on the supports 4 guard rails 9 is determined by the local security requirements.
- the guardrail 9 is made of sheet steel. In profile, this has a projecting in the direction of the road surface, horizontally in the roadway direction 2 extending upper band 11, an arranged underneath, also horizontally extending lower band 12 and a lying between both, recessed longitudinal groove 13 which by a to the upper band 11 adjacent upper inclined edge 14, an adjoining groove bottom 15 and an adjacent lower inclined edge 16 is formed, wherein the lower edge 16 in turn merges into the lower band 12.
- the guardrail 9 is bolted directly to the supports 4 in the region of their groove bottom 15 via screws 17.
- Each screw 17 is associated with a mounting plate 18 which rests flat against the groove bottom 15.
- Also on the support 4 is a mounting plate 19 flat.
- Each screw 17 penetrates holes in the mounting plate 18, the support 4 and the mounting plate 19.
- On the free end of the screw 17 a matching nut 20 is turned on, whereby the guardrail 9 is held firmly on the corresponding supports 4.
- each support 4 is designed as T-beams.
- Each support 4 has a head plate 21 which faces the guardrail 9. With the head plates 21 and the guardrail 9 is screwed.
- each support 4 comprises a leg 22, which adjoins the head plate 21 and is perpendicular to this.
- the legs 22 thus extend in a horizontal direction 23 away from the head plates 21.
- the horizontal direction 23 extends perpendicular to the roadway direction 2 and the vertical direction 5. It is directed vertically away from the road and runs horizontally.
- the train anchor 24 which is also referred to as a threaded rod, is a standard train anchor, as marketed under the brand "Dywidag" among others.
- the tension anchor 24 has a substantially circular cross-section and is solid made of solid material, in particular steel.
- the pull anchor 24 is not just a sheet steel or steel pipe.
- the tension anchor 24 has a diameter of 10 to 60 mm, in particular 20 to 40 mm, in particular 25 to 32 mm. On its outside a coarse external thread is provided.
- the pull anchor 24 has a great inherent rigidity, so that shear forces and not only tensile forces along its longitudinal direction are transferable. In this respect, the train anchor 24 differs significantly from a steel cable. In addition, unlike a steel cord, the draw anchor 24 does not have the problem of sagging and that the rope must be pretensioned.
- the tension anchor 24 has a typical tensile strength of about 500 to 600 N / mm 2 . Preferably, such a strength is selected for the pull anchor 24 to ensure the best combination of tensile and compressive strength and flexibility.
- the breaking value of the tension anchor 24 to train is between 100 and 1,200 kN, in particular 150 to 630 kN. Relative to the individual diameters the breaking loads are as follows: at 50 mm diameter 1,080 kN, at 40 mm diameter 631 kN, at 32 mm diameter 442 kN, at 28 mm diameter 336 kN and at 16 mm diameter 111 kN.
- train anchors with a substantially round or oval cross section are particularly preferred.
- Adjacent train anchors 24 are connected by connecting nuts, not shown, with a matching to the external thread of the train anchor 24 internal thread to an endless composite.
- connecting nuts not shown
- connection of adjacent train anchors is on the DE 10 2006 001980.6 from 13.01.2006, there in particular on the Figures 2 and 3 with the associated description.
- the train anchors 24 are arranged parallel to one another and at a distance from one another in the roadway direction 2 on the front side 10 of the supports 4. They are fixed immovably on U-shaped mounting bracket 25 on the outside of the head plates 21 of the supports 4. For this purpose, the train anchor 24 are guided by the mounting bracket 25, which are bolted to the head plates 21 via nuts 26. With the help of the nuts 26, it is possible to press the mounting bracket 25 to the train anchor 24, so that the mounting bracket 25 engage in the thread of the train anchor 24 and so also a fixation of the train anchor 24 along the lane direction 2 takes place.
- connection anchor 27th arranged, each having a central, rigid rod 28 and two end welded to the rod 28 rohrformige sleeves 29.
- connection armatures 27 are arranged at a distance from the supports 4.
- the rod 28 may, in principle, be the same type of pull anchor or threaded rod as described above. It when each end of the rod 28 is adapted to the outer shape of the sleeve 29 is particularly advantageous. As a result, a particularly high stability of the connection between sleeve 29 and rod 28 can be achieved.
- the sleeves 29 are pushed onto the upper and lower tension anchor 24 so that the respective connection anchor 27 connects the tension anchor 24 in the vertical direction 5 with each other. They are immovably fixed via maggot screws 30 in the sleeves 29 on the train anchors 24, so that no relative movement between sleeve 29 and train anchor 24 may occur in the direction of the road 2.
- the maggot screws 30 engage for this purpose in the outer thread of the tension anchor 24.
- the rod 28 lies flat against the front side 10 or on the side of the head plate 21 facing the roadway. He can also run at a distance.
- the pull anchors 24 and the connection anchors 27 form a rigid, sturdy stiffening unit.
- the behavior of the traffic guidance device 1 in the event of an impact will be described. If there is an impact by a vehicle on the traffic control device 1, the forces acting along the roadway direction 2 forces are not only taken up by the supports 4, which are directly affected by the impact, but the forces are also distributed over the train anchor 24 on more distant supports 4. Above all, the stability of the traffic guidance device 1 along the roadway direction 2 is substantially increased by the train anchor 24. By the connection between the upper train anchor 24 and the lower train anchor 24 through the numerous connection anchors 27th the stability of the traffic guidance device 1 is further increased. The tension anchor 24 does not bend individually in an impact but remain stiff.
- connection anchor 27 By attaching the connection anchor 27, the typical distance of the supports 4 from 1.33 m to 2.50 m in conventional systems can be increased to over 4 m without reducing the stability of the traffic guidance device 1 upon impact. Thus, fewer supports 4 are needed than in conventional systems. This results in a weight and material savings of 30 to 40%.
- each leg 22a of the supports 4a is penetrated by two holes, which are arranged one above the other in the vertical direction 5 and are placed approximately centrally with respect to the horizontal direction 23 in the leg 22a.
- the lower hole is located at the level of the groove bottom 15 of the guard rail 9. Through the two holes, the mutually parallel train anchor 24 are stirred in the direction of the road 2.
- the tension anchors 24 are fixedly connected to the supports 4 in the region of the supports 4a by nuts screwed onto them. A movement of the train anchor 24 in the lane direction 2 is not possible.
- the upper pull anchor 24 and the lower pull anchor 24 are again firmly connected to each other via connection anchor 27a.
- connection anchor 27a Compared to the connection anchor 27 known from the first example, the rod 28a is extended here, which extends again in the vertical direction 5.
- the tension anchor 24 and the connection anchor 27a also form a rigid stiffening unit here.
- the behavior of the traffic guidance device 1a in the event of a collision of a vehicle essentially corresponds to the behavior of the traffic guidance device 1 according to the first example.
- the train anchor 24 are in a common, identical height or have an identical distance to the bottom 3.
- the support 4b is formed here as a double-T-carrier. It has one of the road facing head plate 21 and another of the roadway facing away, parallel head plate 31, which communicate with each other via the leg 22b.
- the pull anchors 24 are thus on opposite sides of the support 4b or are slightly spaced therefrom.
- the pull anchors 24 are arranged in the region of the upper end of the supports 4b.
- the train anchors 24 are parallel to each other and are connected via a plurality of connection armature 27b together in a fixed connection.
- the rods 28b now extend in the horizontal direction 23. Compared with the In the previous two examples, the rod 28b is made extremely short, causing a high rigidity of the formed unit.
- the traffic guidance device 1b also has extremely high stability. With regard to the behavior in the event of a collision by a vehicle, reference is made to the comments on the first example.
- FIG. 4 A second embodiment of the invention is described. Identical parts are given the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment, to which reference is hereby made. Structurally different, but functionally similar parts receive the same reference numerals with a c.
- the support 4c is designed as a double-T-carrier.
- the guard rail 9 again two train anchor 24 are provided.
- the pull anchors 24 run on opposite sides of the supports 4c, ie the pull anchors 24 are offset from one another in the horizontal direction 23.
- the train anchors 24 extend at different heights, ie they are arranged offset to one another in the vertical direction 5.
- the upper tension anchor 24 is located on the side facing the road surface of the front head plate 21 in the region of the upper end of the support 4c or is slightly spaced therefrom, while the rear, lower tension anchor 24 on the outside at the rear Head plate 31 rests or is slightly spaced.
- mounting bracket 25 are again provided.
- the upper pull anchor 24 is fixedly connected to the lower pull anchor 24 again via a plurality of connection anchors 27c, whereby a rigid unit is formed.
- the rod 28c extends obliquely, ie it extends both in the vertical direction 5 and in the horizontal direction 23. With the vertical direction 5, the rod 28c closes an angle between 15 ° and 75 °.
- the connection anchors 27c may also be oppositely or alternately oriented.
- the behavior of the traffic guidance device 1c in the event of an impact essentially corresponds to the behavior of the previously described traffic guidance devices 1, 1a, 1b.
- FIG. 5 A third embodiment of the invention described. Identical parts are given the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment, to which reference is hereby made. Structurally different, but functionally similar parts receive the same reference numerals with a d followed. Again, as a support 4d again a double-T-carrier use. About the guardrail 9 run this time three train anchor 24 parallel to each other in three different heights. How out Fig. 5 it can be seen, there are two train anchor 24 on the side facing the road surface of the front head plate 21. Between these two train anchors 24 is another train anchor 24 which rests against the outside of the rear head plate 31. The train anchor 24 are again fixed in position by mounting bracket 25 on the supports 4d.
- Connection anchor 27d again provide a rigid connection between the train anchors 24.
- the train anchor 24 are again guided by the sleeves 29.
- the rods 28d establish a connection between the uppermost tie-rod anchor 24 and the tie-rod anchor 24 arranged underneath, and between the last-mentioned tie-rod anchor 24 and the lowermost tie-rod 24.
- the two rods 28d enclose a substantially right angle.
- the rods 28d are mounted in an identical position on the sleeve 29.
- two rods 28d and three sleeves 29 are provided.
- a sleeve 29 is shared by the two rods 28.
- the bars 28d run obliquely, ie they extend both in the vertical direction 5 and in the horizontal direction 23.
- the intermediate pull anchor 24 can be arranged centrally between the two outer pull anchors 24. But it can also run off-center, which would then also affect the inclination of the rods 28d. It is also conceivable to orient the formed unit inversely or alternately.
- this embodiment has a particularly high rigidity. This is a phenomenon similar to that which accounts for the stiffness of a double-T carrier over two flat carriers arranged one behind the other.
- the train anchor 24 are connected to the guardrail 9.
- the train anchor 24 by means of U-shaped mounting bracket 25, which engage in the external thread of the train anchor 24, bolted to the guard rail 9.
- the train anchors 24 are arranged in particular on the side facing away from the roadway of the guardrail 9. They are arranged in particular in the region of one of the bands 11, 12.
- they are at least two arranged parallel to each other Huawei anchor 24 for stabilizing the traffic-guiding device 1, wherein at least one train anchor 24 is bolted to one of the bands 11,12, and at least one further train anchor 24 on the side facing away from the road Support 4 is arranged and connected thereto.
- an arrangement of the train anchor 24 leads on the side facing away from the roadway of the crash barrier 9 to aesthetic advantages, since in this case the train anchor 24 are largely hidden by the guardrail 9, that are invisible from the road side. Another advantage is that in this arrangement, the train anchor 24 are covered by the guardrail 9, resulting in a larger impact area compared to an impact on the train anchor 24 without guardrail 9.
- connection anchor 27 the arrangements of the train anchor 24 and the connection anchor 27 shown in the various examples can of course be combined as desired.
- the number of mutually parallel train anchor 24 is arbitrary.
- there are always at least two mutually parallel train anchor 24 is provided.
- the number, arrangement and attachment of the connection anchor 27 is arbitrary.
- three bars 28d, which along the sides of a triangle, at the corners of the sleeves 29 are arranged, may be provided. It is essential that each connection anchor 27 connects at least two mutually parallel train anchor 24 together.
- the pull anchors 24 and the connection anchors 27 thus form a composite system.
- connection anchors 27 and the train anchors 24 are arranged in a lattice-like manner, so that the connection anchors 27 lead to a load distribution between the train anchors 24 in the event of an impact.
- the distance between the connection anchors 27 is flexibly adaptable to the respective needs. This results in a smaller distance to a more rigid composite.
- the stiffness of the composite can be regulated over the length of the connection anchors 27.
- Connection anchors 27 with shorter rods 28 result in a more rigid composite.
- the rods 28 may in particular have a length of less than 30 cm.
- train anchor 24 are connected to each other by the connecting nut also referred to as a sleeve, wherein the connecting nut engages around the ends of the two adjacent train anchor 24.
- the train anchor 24 are thus bolted together. They are in particular screwed to an endless train anchor. Since the external threads of the pull anchors 24 extend over their entire length, i. the train anchor 24 have a continuous external thread, they are screwed together after any length adjustment at any point.
- the mounting brackets 25 regardless of their arrangement in the direction of the road 2 in the outer thread of the train anchor 24 a. As a result, the train anchors 24 are particularly advantageously fixed in the direction of the road 2, which leads to an increased retention capacity of the traffic guidance device 1.
- connection between two adjacent train anchors 24 is advantageously free of play.
- the remaining between the outer thread of the train anchor 24 and the inner thread of the connecting nut interior can be filled with a self-damaging adhesive.
- Suitable curable adhesive is, for example, epoxy resin.
- the sleeves 29 have an internal thread into which the pull anchor 24 with its external thread can be screwed.
- the rods 28 may also be connected directly to the train anchors 24, for example welded.
- connection anchor 27 may also be formed as a profile part, in particular with a double-T-profile or as a connection plate, wherein the train anchor 24 are guided by holes in the profile part and by means of nuts, which in the outside Thread of the train anchor 24 engage, are set relative to the profile part.
- connection anchors 27 are arranged at an angle of at least 15 °, in particular at least 45 °, in particular at least 60 ° and particularly preferably at least 80 ° to the roadway direction 2.
- the various embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.
- the arrangement of the train anchor 24 is not limited to an arrangement above the guard rail 9 in any of the embodiments.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
Claims (8)
- Dispositif de guidage de trafic (1b ; 1c ; 1d) destiné à être mis en place en bordure de chaussées pour véhicules automobiles, comprenanta) au moins une glissière de sécurité (9) tournée vers la chaussée et s'étendant le long de la bordure de la chaussée dans une direction longitudinale (2),b) plusieurs montants (4b ; 4c ; 4d) disposés sur le côté de la au moins une glissière de sécurité (9) opposé à la chaussée, reliés à la au moins une glissière de sécurité (9), prenant appui par rapport au sol (3) et y étant fixés,c) au moins deux tirants d'ancrage (24) s'étendant en direction longitudinale (2) pour stabiliser les montants (4b ; 4c ; 4d), les tirants d'ancrage (24) s'étendant à distance l'un de l'autre, etd) plusieurs ancrages de liaison (27b ; 27c ; 27d),i) qui relient entre eux les au moins deux tirants d'ancrage (24) etii) s'étendent transversalement à la direction longitudinale (2),e) caractérisé en ce que les au moins deux tirants d'ancrage (24) sont disposés à distance l'un de l'autre dans une direction horizontale (23).
- Dispositif de guidage de trafic (1b ; 1c ; 1d) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un tirant d'ancrage (24) est disposé sur le côté des montants (4b ; 4c ; 4d) tourné vers la chaussée et au moins un tirant d'ancrage (24) est disposé sur le côté des montants (4b ; 4c ; 4d) opposé à la chaussée.
- Dispositif de guidage de trafic (1b ; 1c ; 1d) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chaque ancrage de liaison (27b ; 27c ; 27d) présente au moins une tige (28b ; 28c ; 28d) et au moins deux manchons (29) pour recevoir les tirants d'ancrage (24).
- Dispositif de guidage de trafic (1b ; 1c ; 1d) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les ancrages de liaison (27b ; 27c ; 27d) sont disposés à intervalles réguliers le long de la direction longitudinale (2).
- Dispositif de guidage de trafic (1b ; 1c ; 1d) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les tirants d'ancrage (24) sont de conception compacte et présentent une rigidité propre élevée.
- Dispositif de guidage de trafic (1b ; 1c ; 1d) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les tirants d'ancrage (24) présentent un filetage extérieur grossier.
- Dispositif de guidage de trafic (1b ; 1c ; 1d) selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que des tirants d'ancrage voisins (24) sont reliés entre eux par des écrous de liaison munis d'un filetage intérieur correspondant au filetage extérieur des tirants d'ancrage (24).
- Dispositif de guidage de trafic (1b ; 1c ; 1d) selon l'une des revendications précédentes 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que les tirants d'ancrage (24) sont fixés sur les montants (4b ; 4c ; 4d) au moyen d'étriers de fixation (25) s'engageant dans le filetage extérieur des tirants d'ancrage (24) et sont ainsi immobilisés le long de la direction longitudinale (2).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006052907 | 2006-11-08 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1921211A1 EP1921211A1 (fr) | 2008-05-14 |
EP1921211B1 true EP1921211B1 (fr) | 2009-01-21 |
Family
ID=39015985
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07021615A Active EP1921211B1 (fr) | 2006-11-08 | 2007-11-07 | Dispositif de guidage du trafic |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1921211B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE421616T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE502007000402D1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010019216A1 (de) | 2010-05-04 | 2011-11-10 | Sah Verkehrstechnik Gmbh | Schutzplanke |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1847445U (de) | 1961-12-02 | 1962-03-01 | Westfaelische Drahtindustrie | Leitvorrichtung zur sicherung des strassenverkehrs. |
US3185445A (en) * | 1962-03-19 | 1965-05-25 | Calman S Pruscha | Divided lane highway guard |
DE10062648A1 (de) * | 2000-12-15 | 2002-06-27 | Sps Schutzplanken Gmbh | Passive Rückhalteeinrichtung |
DE102006052911A1 (de) * | 2006-02-06 | 2007-09-20 | TOGE-Dübel A. Gerhard KG | Verkehrs-Leit-Einrichtung |
-
2007
- 2007-11-07 AT AT07021615T patent/ATE421616T1/de active
- 2007-11-07 EP EP07021615A patent/EP1921211B1/fr active Active
- 2007-11-07 DE DE502007000402T patent/DE502007000402D1/de active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE502007000402D1 (de) | 2009-03-12 |
EP1921211A1 (fr) | 2008-05-14 |
ATE421616T1 (de) | 2009-02-15 |
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