EP1904237B1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zum trennen von magnetischen teilchen - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und verfahren zum trennen von magnetischen teilchen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1904237B1
EP1904237B1 EP06742852.4A EP06742852A EP1904237B1 EP 1904237 B1 EP1904237 B1 EP 1904237B1 EP 06742852 A EP06742852 A EP 06742852A EP 1904237 B1 EP1904237 B1 EP 1904237B1
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Prior art keywords
magnets
magnet
cross
section
generator
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French (fr)
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EP1904237A1 (de
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Lluis M. Centre d'Empreses de MARTINEZ GARCIA
Gustau Centre d'Empreses de MONTERO CASTELLANA
Sergio Garcia Soltero
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Sepmag Systems SL
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Sepmag Systems SL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/28—Magnetic plugs and dipsticks
    • B03C1/288—Magnetic plugs and dipsticks disposed at the outer circumference of a recipient
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/025—High gradient magnetic separators
    • B03C1/031—Component parts; Auxiliary operations
    • B03C1/033—Component parts; Auxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit
    • B03C1/0332—Component parts; Auxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit using permanent magnets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/035—Open gradient magnetic separators, i.e. separators in which the gap is unobstructed, characterised by the configuration of the gap
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/22—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation characterised by the magnetical field, special shape or generation

Definitions

  • the invention is included in the field of the separation of magnetic particles.
  • the separation of different types of particles has many applications. For example, in the field of medicine, biology and pharmacology, determined elements (for example, a particular type of antibody) of a sample, suspension or solution, for example, often need to be separated in order to analyse aspects regarding these elements (for example, in order to diagnose an illness).
  • determined elements for example, a particular type of antibody
  • the methods traditionally used to achieve this type of separation of elements, particles or molecules are the method of separation by affinity columns and the centrifugation method.
  • Another method is a method of separation based on the use of magnetic particles.
  • This method is quick and easy for precise and reliable separation of elements such as, for example, specific proteins, genetic material and biomolecules (see, for example, Z M Saiyed, et al., "Application of Magnetic Techniques in the Field of Drug Discovery and Biomedicine”. BioMagnetic Research and Technology 2003, 1:2, published 18 September 2003 [available at http://www.biomagres.com/content/1/1/2 ]).
  • the method is based on the use of magnetic particles designed to join to the specific elements that are to be separated from a sample, solution, suspension, etc., in some type of recipient or similar.
  • the magnetic particles are separated from the rest of the sample or, rather, are concentrated in a part of the recipient, where they are retained (for example, due to the magnetic field which is applied) while the rest of the sample (or, at least, a substantial part of the rest of the sample) is removed.
  • the retained part can subsequently be subjected to a washing process which may include another separation of magnetic particles, etc.
  • United States patent publ. no. US-A-4990148 and international patent application publ. no. WO-A-02/055206 disclose two systems for separation based on magnetic particles. Both systems basically use a magnet associated with the sample, in order to attract the magnetic particles so that they can be separated from the rest of the sample.
  • the second type of particles have a magnetization which varies according to the external magnetic field. For moderate fields, a substantially constant susceptibility can be assumed. Soft ferromagnetic, paramagnetic and superparamagnetic materials are included in this family. Using this approximation, the force that is exerted on them can be expressed as: F m ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ B ⁇ 2 where ⁇ is the magnetic susceptibility, which represents the relationship between the external magnetic field and the magnetic moment.
  • United States patent US-B-6361749 discloses a separator with a north-south distribution of magnets wherein the number of magnets is equal to the number of magnetic poles.
  • this configuration has drawbacks since the magnetic gradient will be practically inexistent at the centre of the sample when the number of poles is higher than four, which is why the particles found in the centre of the recipient of the sample will not move to the walls of the recipient or will do so very slowly (and in the case of four poles generated with four magnets, although there is a gradient in the centre, the gradient has distortions in the area close to the magnets, as will be mentioned in more detail below).
  • United States patent US-A-5705064 discloses a separator composed of a cylinder formed by a ring of magnets wherein, in a cross-section of the cylinder, each magnet has two side surfaces parallel to, and lying against, the respective side surfaces of the adjoining or adjacent magnets.
  • a relatively uniform magnetic field is thus achieved, i.e.
  • United States patent application publ no. US-A-2003/0015474 discloses another separator which is also based on a cylinder formed by 8 magnets wherein, in a cross-section of the cylinder, each magnet has two side surfaces parallel to, and lying against, the respective side surfaces of the adjoining or adjacent magnets.
  • Separators of magnetic particles based on the structure disclosed in US-A-5705064 can generate intense magnetic fields, while separators based on the structure disclosed in US-A-2003/0015474 can generate almost constant magnetic field gradients.
  • These structures are based on the Halbach Theorem, which demonstrates that if the magnetization of an infinite linear magnet magnetized perpendicularly to its axis is rotated around this axis, the magnetic field is constant in module throughout the space and its direction turns in all of the space in the same angle in the direction opposite to rotation.
  • dipolar sources can be developed which produce uniform fields inside cylindrical cavities (see, for example, H.A .
  • separators of magnetic particles are used to separate magnetic particles in small volumes, typically in the order of 50 ml or less.
  • the technique for separating magnetic particles can also have important applications wherein it may be useful, for technical and/or commercial purposes, to work with larger volumes (of samples, solutions, suspensions, etc.), for example, in the order of several litres.
  • the volumes to be handled may vary substantially. It is therefore useful if the structure of the system that generates the magnetic field can be easily scaled.
  • the dimensions of the magnets must be modified in order to be able to maintain the design structure described above.
  • the magnets that are used in a separator with a determined diameter of the free space inside cannot be used in a structure with another free space inside, not, at least, if one wishes to maintain the Halbach Cylinder structure, as disclosed in US-A-5705064 and US-A-2003/0015474 .
  • the positioning of magnets in structures such as those disclosed in US-A-5705064 and US-A-2003/0015474 can become more and more difficult, due to an increase in the repulsion forces between the magnets.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a device for separating magnetic particles which comprises a non-uniform magnetic field generator which has a cross-section with an inner space for receiving an object to be subjected to magnetic particle separation treatment.
  • the generator comprises a support structure for magnets and a plurality of magnets positioned in said support structure.
  • the magnets have, in a cross-section of the generator in a plane which comprises a plurality of said magnets, a polygonal configuration with a plurality of sides (the magnets can also have elliptical, circular configurations, etc., because, for example, a circle can be considered as a polygon with an infinite number of sides).
  • the magnets are distributed angularly, forming at least one ring of magnets around the inner space, in order to generate a magnetic field with a number P of poles in said inner space, P being an even number greater than 2.
  • At least one, ring comprises more than P magnets (i.e. it has a larger number of magnets than the number of poles of the magnetic field; in this way, a magnetic field with a large substantially constant magnetic gradient throughout the inner space can be achieved, given that, as is known, as the number of magnets is increased, distortions in the profile of the field are reduced in the areas closest to the field sources (for example, if only 4 magnets are used, "distortions" in the gradient are produced close to the magnets; if, however, a very high number of magnets are used, the gradient is practically perfect - i.e. there are no substantial distortions, except in areas which are already very close to the surface of the magnets).
  • N types of magnets in the cross-section of the generator.
  • Each type of magnet has a determined geometric configuration and a determined relationship between its magnetization orientation and said geometric configuration, in the cross-section of the generator.
  • the invention enables the use of just one or two types of magnet from which separators with a wide variety of sizes and characteristics can be built. This means, for example, that the production of separators can be based on magnets obtained from a magnetic material which has been cut using one or, no more than, two different templates (taking into account the preferred direction of magnetization of the material).
  • the generator can be configured in such a way that, in said cross-section of the generator, the magnets do not have sides which lie against sides of magnets angularly before or after them in said ring (however, each magnet may be composed of several pieces of magnet, which may be in contact with one another and with their surfaces lying against one another).
  • This distribution of the magnets allows great flexibility in the structure, which enables structures with different dimensions to be prepared using the same magnets, without changing the shape or dimension of the magnets as such and using magnets with simple geometric configurations.
  • the magnets that form said ring may, for example, not be in contact with one another, or may be in contact with other magnets in the ring, but at a point of contact which only corresponds to a corner between two sides of at least one of said magnets (against a corner or side of another of the magnets).
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a device for separating magnetic particles, which comprises a non-uniform magnetic field generator which has a cross-section with an inner space for receiving an object to be subjected to magnetic particle separation treatment.
  • the generator comprises a support structure for magnets and a plurality of magnets positioned in said support structure, said magnets having, in a cross-section of the generator in a plane which comprises a plurality of said magnets, a polygonal configuration with a plurality of sides (including the possibility of elliptical, circular configurations, etc., because, for example, a circle can be considered as a polygon with an infinite number of sides, etc.).
  • the magnets are distributed angularly, forming at least one ring of magnets around the inner space, in order to generate a magnetic field with a number P of poles in said inner space, P being an even number greater than 2.
  • the generator is configured so that, in said cross-section of the generator, the magnets do not have sides which lie against sides of magnets angularly before or after them in said ring (although each magnet may be composed of several pieces of magnet which may be positioned with their surfaces lying against one another).
  • This configuration allows great flexibility at the time of designing magnet structures, which enables structures with different dimensions to be prepared using a single type of magnet (or, at least, a reduced number of magnets). Given that the magnets are not in contact with one another or, at least, their surfaces are not lying against one another, many different magnet configurations can be achieved without having to change the shape or dimension of the magnets as such, or the magnetization orientation with respect to the geometric configuration of the magnets.
  • the magnets that form the ring may, for example, not be in contact with one another, or if there is some contact between two successively angular magnets in said ring, said contact may just correspond to a corner between two sides of at least one of said magnets (against a corner or side of another of the magnets).
  • N the number of types of magnet, something which is advantageous from a logistical point of view and especially important when it involves producing short series of products for specific purposes; the invention allows just one or two types of magnet to be used, from which separators of very diverse sizes and characteristics can be built, which enables all the magnets to be obtained from magnetic material which is cut based on one or two templates.
  • the magnets may have a substantially rectangular or hexagonal polygonal configuration.
  • the hexagonal configuration may be very advantageous since it allows easily scalable structures to be established using few types of relationship between the magnetization orientation and the geometric configuration of the magnets, with the advantages this implies (see explanation above).
  • the structures may be easily scalable by, for example, removing one ring of magnets. These scalable structures of magnets or with an inner space that can be easily increased can also be built with the magnets in contact with one another, with the sides of the magnets lying against the sides of adjacent magnets in the form of a honeycomb or similar.
  • At least one, ring can comprise more than P magnets (i.e. the number of magnets can be greater than the number of poles in the magnetic field).
  • P the number of magnets can be greater than the number of poles in the magnetic field.
  • Using a larger number of magnets than the number of poles in the magnetic field allows a magnetic field to be obtained with a large substantially constant magnetic gradient throughout the inner space, given that, as is known, as the number of magnets is increased, distortions in the profile of the field are reduced in the areas closest to the field sources (for example, if only 4 magnets are used, "distortions" in the gradient are produced close to the magnets; if, however, a very high number of magnets are used, the gradient is practically perfect - i.e. there are no substantial distortions, except in areas which are already very close to the surface of the magnets).
  • N types of magnet there may be N types of magnet, each type of magnet having a determined geometric configuration and a determined relationship between their magnetization orientation and said geometric configuration, in the cross-section of the generator, N possibly being, for example, 1 or 2.
  • N possibly being, for example, 1 or 2.
  • the generator can be configured so that, in said cross-section of the generator, the magnets do not have sides which lie against sides of magnets angularly before or after them in said ring (although each magnet may be composed of several pieces of magnet, whose surfaces lie against one another). This allows great flexibility in the structure, which enables structures with different dimensions to be prepared using the same magnets or types of magnet, without changing the shape or dimension of the magnets as such.
  • the magnets such that the magnets forming said ring are not in contact with one another, or such that some or all of the magnets are in contact, but only in such a way that the contact between two successively angular magnets in said ring corresponds to one corner between two sides of at least one of said magnets, against a corner or side of another of the magnets.
  • the distribution of the magnets may be such that the angular orientation of the geometric configuration of the magnets is modified, rather than modifying the magnetization with respect to said geometric configuration. This is advantageous since it allows the original magnetic material to be cut using a single template, i.e. producing pieces, all of which have the same relationship between magnetization and geometric configuration.
  • the number of poles P may be 4, which allows a large constant gradient in the magnetic field to be obtained, throughout the inner space.
  • the magnets may have, in said cross-section of the generator in said plane which comprises a plurality of said magnets, an equilateral polygonal configuration.
  • the magnets may be parallelepipeds.
  • the magnets may be distributed in a configuration which comprises a plurality of concentric rings of magnets.
  • the structure may comprise a plurality of rings of magnets distributed along a longitudinal axis of the device, substantially perpendicular to said cross-section.
  • One or more of the magnets may be composed of at least two pieces of juxtaposed magnet.
  • the support structure may comprise a plurality of support elements (for example, in the form of aluminium rings) positioned one after the other along a longitudinal axis of the device, each support element having a plurality of holes with a geometric configuration matching the geometric configuration of the magnets, for receiving the magnets.
  • the magnets may, for example, be made of NdFeB, SmCo, Ni, or, more generally, may be magnets with magnetic anisotropy, for example, with magnetocrystalline anisotropy (without this characteristic, there is a risk of the magnets demagnetizing due to the magnetic fields generated by their neighbours, which could happen, for example, if the material were steel or AlNiCo).
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for separating magnetic particles in an object (for example, a container which contains a fluid, for example, a liquid with magnetic particles in suspension).
  • the method comprises the step of placing the object in the inner space of a device in accordance with any of the methods described above.
  • Figure 1 diagrammatically reflects a possible preferred embodiment of the invention and, more specifically, the support structure 2 which comprises a plurality of support rings, for example, of aluminium, diagrammatically illustrated as rings 21, 22, 23, placed on top of a support or base 24.
  • the free space 1 within the rings is the one which receives the sample or object which is to be subjected to magnetic particle separation treatment.
  • the support rings have a series of holes or channels 2B, wherein the magnets are housed, so that the magnets remain immobilized, in spite of the forces of attraction or repulsion which are exerted between them.
  • the illustrated structure can also be completed with a cover (not illustrated) which prevents the vertical movement of the magnets (i.e. a movement parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support structure).
  • Holes 2A can also be seen in Figure 1 wherein some bars will be positioned, which can be made of brass or stainless steel and which are used to keep the rings joined. Basically, said bars, together with the aluminium rings 21, 22, 23, the base 24 and the cover (not illustrated) form the support structure.
  • the magnets are positioned in the channels or holes 2B.
  • Each magnet can be composed of two or more pieces of magnet, which are juxtaposed in order to form a magnet, whose cross-section corresponds to the cross-section of the hole or channel 2B, so that the magnet remains in said hole, with no play or with quite a limited amount of play.
  • Figure 2 diagrammatically shows how, in a support structure 2 of the type illustrated in Figure 1 , fixed using a plurality of bars 25 of brass or similar which pass through the support rings of the structure, a plurality of magnets 3 are housed in the holes 2B, each magnet having a plurality of sides.
  • Figure 2 reflects a cross-section of the separator, and it can be seen how the magnets 3, in said cross-section, have a polygonal cross-section, specifically in the form of a rectangle or, more specifically, in the form of a square. The magnets are not in contact with one another.
  • no side or surface 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d of a magnet lies against a surface or side of an adjacent magnet (although the possibility of letting a corner of a magnet touch a corner or side of an adjacent magnet could be envisaged, without it going beyond the scope of the invention).
  • the magnets 3 are positioned to form a ring of magnets 4, and the fact that the magnets do not have to lie with their sides against one another means that the variation in the direction of magnetization between one magnet and the next, around the ring 4, can be established by adapting the relationship between the physical part which composes the magnet and the support structure, without needing to use pieces of magnet which have different relationships between the direction of their magnetization (in the cross-section of the separator) and their geometric configuration.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the distribution of the magnets 3 in a cross-section of the separator, in a possible embodiment of the invention.
  • the arrow which indicates the direction or magnetization orientation 5 has, for all the magnets, the same relationship with respect to the geometric configuration of the magnet in the plane of the cross-section of the separator.
  • all the magnets have a magnetization orientation parallel to two of their sides and perpendicular to the other two sides. This means that all the magnets can be obtained by cutting a piece of magnetic material based on the same template, in directions parallel and perpendicular to the direction of easy magnetization of said material (i.e. the direction corresponding to the so-called "easy axis" of the material).
  • the angular progression of the magnetization orientation can be created via a corresponding angular progression of the orientation of the physical elements which compose the magnets.
  • the induction module of the magnetic field (B) which is generated increases radically; it changes from a zero induction at the centre of the ring 4 (i.e. at the centre of the inner free space 1) to a high induction on the edge (close to the ring of magnets), with a substantially constant gradient, which may, in a typical case, be of several T/m.
  • This constant gradient causes magnetic particles present in a sample which is introduced in the inner space, for example, in a container which occupies the majority of said inner space, at least in a cross-section of the separator, to move towards the walls of the container.
  • the arrows in the "inner space" 1 outlined by the ring 4 illustrate the direction of the magnetic gradient and, therefore, the direction of the force which is exerted on the magnetic particles in a sample and which makes them move towards the walls of the container which contains the sample.
  • the approximately circular lines in Figure 3 represent equipotential lines, i.e. lines formed by the points at which the intensity of the magnetic field has the same value (this also applies to the other figures which show this type of lines and arrows).
  • Figure 4 shows a distribution of magnets according to another possible embodiment of the invention.
  • the magnets 3 are distributed in two rings; the angular progression of orientation of their magnetization 5 is the same as in the configuration illustrated in Figure 3 , but in this case, using two rings of magnets, one with 22 magnets and the other, outer one, with 30 magnets, using the same type of magnets as in the configuration in Figure 3 , a greater gradient of the magnetic field is achieved.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a support structure under assembly, in accordance with a possible preferred embodiment of the invention. Specifically, it can be seen how three rings 21, 22, 23 of, for example, aluminium and with a height of approximately 10 mm have been fixed to a base plate 24.
  • the rings can be made from aluminium plates of, for example, 10 mm thick and cut by laser.
  • each magnet 3 is composed of two parts 31, 32 which together constitute the magnet 3.
  • Figure 6 shows another assembly phase for the separator, wherein another aluminium ring 20 has been added and wherein all the magnets 3 have been incorporated, each one composed of two parts 31 and 32.
  • the structure illustrated in Figure 6 has three layers of magnets.
  • the magnets can, for example, be NdFeB magnets or of any other suitable material, depending on the specific characteristics that one is seeking to obtain.
  • Figure 7 diagrammatically illustrates another possible embodiment of the invention, wherein magnets 3 are used with a hexagonal cross-section, positioned in a ring around the inner space 1 which will receive the sample or object to be treated.
  • magnets 3 are used with a hexagonal cross-section, positioned in a ring around the inner space 1 which will receive the sample or object to be treated.
  • a suitable angular progression of the magnetization orientation 5 can be achieved, with a single relationship between the magnetization orientation and the geometric configuration of the cross-section of the magnets, while the magnets can be placed side to side (i.e. with two sides of the same magnet lying against respective sides of adjacent magnets), with the advantages that this implies from a structural perspective.
  • Figure 8 illustrates another configuration based on two rings of hexagonal magnets, an inner one and an outer one, all the magnets having the side surfaces resting against the side surfaces of adjacent magnets, of the same and the other ring.
  • all the magnets have the same geometric configuration, but there are two types of relationship between magnetization and geometric configuration: as can be seen, some magnets 3A have a magnetization orientation 5 which is perpendicular to the two surfaces of the magnet, and other magnets 3B have an orientation which moves towards the edge between two surfaces.
  • Figure 9 illustrates another configuration based on magnets with a hexagonal cross-section; the inner space 1 illustrates the direction of the magnetic gradient (with arrows) and some equipotential lines, i.e. lines formed at the points at which the intensity of the cross-section of the magnetic field has the same value.
  • the configuration "in the form of a honeycomb", with various “rings” of magnets with a hexagonal configuration has important advantages, since it allows easily scalable systems to be designed: for example, in order to increase the diameter of the inner space 1 of a separator with the configuration illustrated in Figure 8 , the magnets 6 in the inner ring, etc. could easily be eliminated.
  • the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, but also covers, for example, variations that might be made by the person skilled in the art (for example, as regards the choice of materials, dimensions, components, configuration, etc.), within the bounds of what can be inferred from the claims.

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  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Vorrichtung zum Trennen von magnetischen Teilchen, aufweisend:
    - einen Generator für ein nicht einheitliches magnetisches Feld, der einen Querschnitt mit einem inneren Raum (1) zur Aufnahme eines Gegenstands aufweist, der einer Behandlung zur Trennung von magnetischen Teilchen ausgesetzt werden soll,
    - wobei der Generator eine Trägerstruktur (2) für Magnete sowie eine Vielzahl von in der Trägerstruktur angeordneten Magneten (3) umfasst,
    - wobei die Magnete (3) in einem Querschnitt des Generators in einer Ebene, die eine Vielzahl der Magnete (3) umfasst, eine mehreckige Konfiguration mit einer Vielzahl von Seiten (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) aufweisen,
    - wobei die Magnete (3) winkelförmig verteilt sind, wobei sie mindestens einen Ring (4) von Magneten um den inneren Raum (1) herum bilden, um ein magnetisches Feld mit einer Anzahl P von Polen in dem inneren Raum (1) zu erzeugen, wobei P eine gerade Zahl größer als 2 ist,
    - wobei jeder Magnet (3) eine Magnetisierungsrichtung (5) in dem Querschnitt des Generators aufweist, wobei die Magnete (3) des mindestens einen Rings (4) so angeordnet sind, dass die Magnetisierungsrichtung (5) der Magnete (3) einem winkeligen Verlauf von Δγ=((P/2)+1)*Δθ folgt, wobei Δγ die Veränderung in der Magnetisierungsrichtung (5) zwischen einem Magneten (3) und dem nächsten angibt, und wobei Δθ die Veränderung in der Winkelstellung zwischen einem Magneten (3) und dem nächsten in dem Querschnitt des Generators angibt, und wobei der mindestens eine Ring mehr als P Magnete umfasst,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - in dem Querschnitt des Generators N Typen von Magneten (3) vorhanden sind, wobei jeder Typ von Magnet (3) eine bestimmte geometrische Konfiguration und eine bestimmte Beziehung zwischen seiner Magnetisierungsrichtung und der geometrischen Konfiguration in dem Querschnitt des Generators aufweist, wobei N=1 oder N=2.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass N=2.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass N=1.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Generator so konfiguriert ist, dass die Magnete (3) in dem Querschnitt des Generators nicht Seiten (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) haben, die an Seiten von Magneten (3) anliegen, die sich in dem Ring (4) winkelig vor oder hinter ihnen befinden.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Magnete (3), die den Ring (4) bilden, nicht in Kontakt miteinander sind.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, wenn es einen Kontakt zwischen zwei winkelig aufeinander folgenden Magneten (3) in dem Ring gibt, der Kontakt nur einer Ecke zwischen zwei Seiten von mindestens einem der Magnete (3) entspricht.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Querschnitt die Magnete (3) in einer Konfiguration verteilt sind, die eine Vielzahl von konzentrischen Ringen von Magneten (3) umfasst.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Struktur eine Vielzahl von Ringen von Magneten (3) umfasst, die entlang der Längsachse der Vorrichtung im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu dem Querschnitt verteilt sind.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens einer der Magnete (3) aus mindestens zwei nebeneinander angeordneten Magnetteilen zusammengesetzt ist.
  10. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trägerstruktur (2) mehrere Trägerelemente (21, 22, 23) aufweist, die entlang einer Längsachse der Vorrichtung hintereinander angeordnet sind, wobei jedes Trägerelement (21, 22, 23) mehrere Löcher (2B) mit einer geometrischen Konfiguration aufweist, die zu der geometrischen Konfiguration der Magnete (3) passt, um die Magnete (3) aufzunehmen.
  11. Verfahren zum Trennen von magnetischen Teilchen in einem Gegenstand, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es den Schritt des Positionierens des Gegenstands in dem inneren Raum einer Vorrichtung gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche umfasst.
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JP2014054633A (ja) 2014-03-27
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CN101208153A (zh) 2008-06-25
CN101208153B (zh) 2010-09-22
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