EP1901895A1 - Procede permettant de menager une rainure de verrouillage dans un flanc de rainure - Google Patents

Procede permettant de menager une rainure de verrouillage dans un flanc de rainure

Info

Publication number
EP1901895A1
EP1901895A1 EP06754125A EP06754125A EP1901895A1 EP 1901895 A1 EP1901895 A1 EP 1901895A1 EP 06754125 A EP06754125 A EP 06754125A EP 06754125 A EP06754125 A EP 06754125A EP 1901895 A1 EP1901895 A1 EP 1901895A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
groove
milling head
locking groove
holder
milling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06754125A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1901895B1 (fr
Inventor
Dirk Dammers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PL06754125T priority Critical patent/PL1901895T3/pl
Publication of EP1901895A1 publication Critical patent/EP1901895A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1901895B1 publication Critical patent/EP1901895B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27F—DOVETAILED WORK; TENONS; SLOTTING MACHINES FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES
    • B27F1/00—Dovetailed work; Tenons; Making tongues or grooves; Groove- and- tongue jointed work; Finger- joints
    • B27F1/02—Making tongues or grooves, of indefinite length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
    • B27G13/00—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/04—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of flooring elements, e.g. parqueting blocks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02038—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements characterised by tongue and groove connections between neighbouring flooring elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0153—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by rotating the sheets, plates or panels around an axis which is parallel to the abutting edges, possibly combined with a sliding movement
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/30784—Milling including means to adustably position cutter
    • Y10T409/307952—Linear adjustment
    • Y10T409/308232—Linear adjustment and angular adjustment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for introducing a locking groove in a groove flank of a provided in a panel, in particular floor panel, connecting groove, which is part of a tongue and groove connection for connecting adjacent panels, wherein the panel has a top and a bottom, and the locking groove is provided in the part of the connecting groove which is surrounded on both sides by groove flanks.
  • Locking grooves serve to lock two adjacent laid panels. They serve to receive a correspondingly formed locking element, which is usually on or on one of the two spring sides of a spring, which is integrally formed on the opposite side edge of the panel.
  • the insertion of two adjacent panels can be done for example by a pivoting movement and / or by an exclusively horizontal displacement movement.
  • the disadvantage is that the use of such planing tools, especially with decreasing sharpness of the planing tool, does not allow the desired accuracy in the processing of the panels and sometimes high holding forces for holding the planing tool are required.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages and to provide a method that simplifies the introduction of a locking groove in the groove flank.
  • the locking groove by means of a rotating milling tool, which includes a drive, a milling head and a rotation of the drive on the milling head transmitting transmission device and a holder for the milling head is introduced, wherein the milling head at least bracket side due to the holder has a deviating from the actual radius R free radius r and the milling head during insertion of the locking groove at least a substantial proportion of its free radius r, in particular completely, in the part of the connecting groove surrounded on both sides of groove flanks.
  • a rotating milling tool which includes a drive, a milling head and a rotation of the drive on the milling head transmitting transmission device and a holder for the milling head is introduced, wherein the milling head at least bracket side due to the holder has a deviating from the actual radius R free radius r and the milling head during insertion of the locking groove at least a substantial proportion of its free radius r, in particular completely, in the part of the connecting groove surrounded on both sides of groove flanks.
  • the free radius r determines the maximum achievable locking groove depth because of the actual radius R, the radius of the holder must be deducted.
  • the free radius r is between the axis of rotation of the rotary milling tool and the point of the rotary milling tool that is closest to the groove bottom. If the holder is not designed as a central shaft holding the milling head, a free radius r can result in the case of an out-of-center holder which is greater than the radius R of the milling head.
  • the actual distance between the holder-side outer edge of the milling head and the outer edge of the holder, in particular a center of the milling head holding shaft understood.
  • this term also includes the corresponding distances between the extended projection of the outer edge of the holder and the outer edge of the milling head at axially spaced from the holder points of the milling head.
  • non-cylindrical design of the milling head result in so far different "free radii r" along the axial extent of the milling head.
  • the dimensions of the milling head are small, in particular, the diameter of the milling head is small, ie it has a maximum of the total value resulting from the height of the connecting groove and the depth (n) of the locking groove (s), both the height of the connecting groove as well as the depth of the respective locking groove in Direction orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the milling head can be seen.
  • the introduction of the locking groove is effected by a relative movement between the panel and the milling head along the side edge into which the locking groove is to be introduced.
  • the milling head can alternatively be inserted for lateral insertion into the connecting groove in the direction of arrow 18 in the connecting groove and then rotated to create the locking groove at this point.
  • the holder may be formed by a rigidly shaped transmission device, e.g. be designed as a rigid shaft, so that the transmission device not only transmits the rotary motion to the milling head but also holds the milling head.
  • the holder may also be formed as a separate component, in which case the transmission device may be, for example, a toothed belt or a toothed wheel or disk.
  • the free radius r may be greater than the actual radius R of the milling head.
  • the locking groove is formed as an open area behind a projecting portion of the groove flank of the connecting groove. It is obvious that the projecting portion of the groove flank does not have to represent the entire remaining groove flank. Thus, seen in the insertion direction in front of the projecting portion, ie in the region of the groove flank facing away from the connecting groove base, again a recessed part region may be provided.
  • the transmission device may for example be designed as a rigid shaft, on the end of the milling head is attached. The end of the shaft opposite the milling head is connected to the drive.
  • the milling head is designed in terms of its geometry so that the locking groove can be introduced with the intended contour in the groove flank.
  • the general orientation of the transmission device can be parallel as well as at an angle to the top or bottom. This depends on the one hand on the contour of the milling head and the intended contour of the introduced locking groove and on the other hand on the general configuration of the side edge of the panel in question.
  • the groove flanks can be of different lengths relative to the groove base and the free radius r can be located completely between the long groove flank and the short groove flank elongated in projection P.
  • the invention further relates to a method for introducing a locking groove into a groove flank of a connection provided in a panel, in particular a floor panel.
  • training groove which is part of a tongue and groove connection for connecting adjacent panels, wherein the panel has an upper and a lower side, and the locking groove is provided in the part of the connecting groove, which is surrounded on both sides by groove flanks, wherein the groove flanks with respect to the Slot bottom are different lengths.
  • the disadvantage is that the use of known planing tools, especially with decreasing sharpness of the planing tool, does not allow the desired accuracy in the processing of the panels and sometimes high holding forces for holding the planing tool are required.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages and to provide a method that the introduction of a locking groove in a panel whose groove flanks are of different lengths relative to the groove base, simplified in the groove edge.
  • the locking groove by means of a rotating milling tool, which includes a drive, a milling head and a rotation of the drive on the milling head transmitting transmission device and a holder for the milling head is introduced, wherein the milling head at least bracket side due to the holder has a free radius r and the milling head during insertion of the locking groove is at least a substantial proportion of its free radius r, in particular completely, between the long groove flank and the projection P extended short groove flank.
  • the axes of rotation of the milling head and drive can be substantially aligned with each other, so that the rotation of the drive takes place about the same axis as that of the milling head.
  • the transmission device is designed, for example, as a rigid shaft.
  • At least one deflection device in particular an angular gear and / or a flexible shaft, can be provided between the milling head and the transmission device.
  • An example of a bevel gear would be a design like a "dentist's drill".
  • several deflection can be provided for a multiple deflection.
  • the overall height of the milling head and holder can be related to the dimensions of the connecting groove and the locking groove (s), in each case depending on the angle of rotation of the milling head relative to the orientation of the top and bottom of the panel.
  • the deflecting device can be at least substantially, in particular completely, in the connecting groove surrounded by the two groove flanks.
  • the invention also relates to a novel use of a rotary milling tool incorporating a drive, a milling head and a transfer device transmitting rotation from the drive to the milling head and a mounting for the milling head.
  • Such milling tools are used for example for the surface treatment of metallic workpieces or wood workpieces by cutting removal.
  • the milling head is rotated by the drive, wherein the surface to be machined of the workpiece is processed depending on the configuration of the milling head with the end face and / or the circumferential side surface of the milling head.
  • Floor panels with a top and a bottom usually have at least one connecting groove, which is part of a tongue and groove connection for connecting adjacent panels on.
  • a locking groove is usually provided in the part of the connecting groove in one of the two groove flanks of the connecting groove, which is surrounded on both sides by the groove flanks.
  • This additional locking groove is - in particular, when the locking groove is provided in the groove flank of the upper panel section and when the lower panel section is formed laterally projecting - introduced by an exclusively machining by means of a suitable tool. This has hitherto been done by means of planing tools which are moved in the longitudinal direction of the edge of the panel or along which the edges of the panel are moved along.
  • the disadvantage is that the use of such planing tools, especially with decreasing sharpness of the planing tool, does not allow the desired accuracy in the processing of the panels and sometimes high holding forces for holding the planing tool are required.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to avoid the abovementioned disadvantages and to introduce a locking device. Lungsnut in the groove flank of a connecting groove in the part which is surrounded on both sides by the groove flanks to simplify.
  • a rotating milling tool which comprises a drive, a milling head and a transmission device transmitting rotation from the drive to the milling head, for inserting a locking groove into a groove flank of a connecting groove provided in a panel, in particular a floor panel, forming part of a groove.
  • undercut locking grooves in a curved trained groove flank even with a panel having, for example, a projecting lower panel section can be easily introduced by milling.
  • the free radius r determines the maximum achievable locking groove depth because of the actual radius R, the radius of the holder must be deducted. If the holder is not designed as a central shaft holding the milling head, it can also be out of the center of the holder a free radius r will result, which is greater than the radius R of the milling head.
  • the actual distance between the holder-side outer edge of the milling head and the outer edge of the holder, in particular a center of the milling head holding shaft understood.
  • this term also includes the corresponding distances between the extended projection of the outer edge of the holder and the outer edge of the milling head at axially spaced from the holder points of the milling head.
  • non-cylindrical design of the milling head result in so far different "free radii r" along the axial extent of the milling head.
  • the dimensions of the milling head are small, in particular, the diameter of the milling head is small, d. H. it has at most the total value resulting from the height of the connecting groove and the depth (s) of the locking groove (s), both the height of the connecting groove and the depth of the respective locking groove being orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the milling head.
  • the introduction takes place by a relative movement between the panel and the milling head along the side edge into which the locking groove is to be introduced.
  • the milling head can alternatively be inserted for lateral insertion into the connecting groove in the direction of arrow 18 in the connecting groove and then rotated to create the locking groove at this point.
  • the holder may be formed by a rigidly formed transmission device, for example as a rigid shaft, so that the transmission device not only transmits the rotary motion to the milling head but also holds the milling head.
  • the holder may also be formed as a separate component, in which case the transmission device may be, for example, a toothed belt or a toothed wheel or disk.
  • the free radius r may be greater than the actual radius R of the milling head.
  • the locking groove is formed as an open area behind a projecting portion of the groove flank of the connecting groove. It is obvious that the projecting portion of the groove flank does not have to represent the entire remaining groove flank. Thus, as viewed in the insertion direction, in front of the projecting portion, i. in the region of the groove flank facing away from the connecting groove base, again a recessed part region may be provided.
  • the transmission device may for example be designed as a rigid shaft, on the end of the milling head is attached. The end of the shaft opposite the milling head is connected to the drive.
  • the milling head is designed in terms of its geometry so that the locking groove can be introduced with the intended contour in the groove flank.
  • the general orientation of the transmission device can be parallel as well as at an angle to the top or bottom. This depends on the one hand on the contour of the milling head and the intended contour of the introduced locking groove and on the other hand on the general configuration of the side edge of the panel in question.
  • the axes of rotation of the milling head and drive can be substantially aligned with each other, so that the rotation of the drive takes place about the same axis as that of the milling head.
  • the transmission device is designed, for example, as a rigid shaft.
  • At least one deflection device in particular an angular gear and / or a flexible shaft, can be provided between the milling head and the transmission device.
  • An example of a bevel gear would be a design like a "dentist's drill".
  • several deflection can be provided for a multiple deflection.
  • the overall height of the milling head and holder can be related to the dimensions of the connecting groove and the locking groove (s), in each case depending on the angle of rotation of the milling head relative to the orientation of the top and bottom of the panel.
  • the deflecting device can be at least substantially, in particular completely, in the connecting groove surrounded by the two groove flanks.
  • FIG. 1 - 11 different embodiments of a milling tool for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 to 7 and 10 and 11 a side edge of a panel 1 is shown in section.
  • the panel 1 has an upper side 2 and a lower side 3.
  • a connecting groove 4 is provided, which is surrounded by groove flanks 5, 6.
  • the connecting groove 4 divides the panel 1 into an upper and a lower panel section 7, 8.
  • the top side 2 facing groove flank 5 is formed approximately parallel and has a parallel to the side edge extending locking groove 9.
  • the lower groove flank 6 has in Figs. 1 to 5 and 7 a curved in the direction of the bottom 3 contour. In FIGS. 6, 10 and 11, the lower groove flank 6 is likewise aligned parallel to the upper side 2.
  • the lower panel section 8 with the curved or parallel groove flank 6 is opposite the side edge and thus formed projecting relative to the panel section 7 and has in Figs. 1 to 7 in the direction of the top 2 aligned wall portion 10.
  • the height of the wall region 10 with respect to the connecting groove 4 is selected so that a horizontal alignment of a transfer device 11 of a milling tool 12 is also possible, as will be explained later.
  • a locking element is provided, which engages in the locked state in the provided in the upper groove flank 5 locking groove 9.
  • a milling tool 12 is provided for introducing the locking groove 9 consisting of a milling head 13, formed of a rigid shaft transmission device 11 and a drive 14.
  • the milling head 13 has an approximately triangular outer contour, so that triangular locking grooves 9 or diamond-shaped recesses, as indicated in FIG. 2, can be produced therewith.
  • the axes of rotation of milling head 13 and drive 14 are substantially aligned with each other.
  • the dimensioning of the milling head 13 is selected so that a locking groove 9 triangular cross-section is generated only in the upper groove flank 5, when the rotating around the transfer device 11 Fräskopf 13 either along the side edges or the panel. 1 is guided with the side edge along the milling tool 12.
  • a locking recess 15 in the lower groove flank 6 can be introduced simultaneously with the milling head 13 next to the locking groove 9 in the upper groove flank 5.
  • Fig. 3 and Figs. 10 and 11 show an approximately rectangular outer contour of the milling head 13, so that a locking groove 9 can be produced with a corresponding rectangular configuration.
  • the orientation of the transmission device 11 can also be aligned at an angle to the top side 2 of the panel 1. The orientation depends on the orientation of the intended locking groove 9.
  • the transmission device 11 shown in Figures 1 to 3 and 6 and 7 and 10 and 11 also be designed as a flexible shaft and flexible insofar as to align the milling head 13 even better.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show an embodiment in which a deflection device 16 in the form of a bevel gear is shown between the milling head 13 and the transmission device 11.
  • This embodiment also allows the introduction of locking grooves 9 in panels 1, in which the wall portion 10 of the lower panel section 8 is designed higher than the connecting groove 4 and thus the connecting groove 4, as shown in Fig. 5, completely or partially covered.
  • the locking groove 9 is formed as an open area behind a projecting portion 17 of the groove flank 5 of the connecting groove 4.
  • a recessed portion 20 is again provided in the insertion direction (arrow 18) seen in front of the projecting portion 17, i. in the connection groove bottom 19 facing away from the region of the groove flank 5, a recessed portion 20 is again provided.
  • the projecting portion 17 is curved. It is obvious that a groove flank 5 or 6 may have a plurality of mutually parallel protruding portions 17 and intervening locking grooves 9 and recessed portions 20.
  • the milling head 13 has a peripheral recess 21 whose contour corresponds to the contour of the protruding partial region 17. If a plurality of protruding partial regions 17 are desired, then the milling head 13 has a corresponding number of circumferential recesses 21.
  • one or more locking grooves (s) 9 can be introduced into the lower and upper groove flanks 6, 5 at the same time, ie in one operation, using the method according to the invention.
  • a milling head 13 is shown with an approximately semicircular cross section. As clearly shown in the figure, the milling head 13 is during insertion of the locking groove 9 with a substantial portion of its free radius r in the both sides of the groove flanks 5, 6 surrounded part of the connecting groove 4th
  • a milling head 13 is shown with an approximately trapezoidal cross section on an enlarged scale. From this figure, it is clear that the free radius r on the one hand, the actual distance between the holder-side outer edge of the milling head 13 and the outer edge of the formed as a shaft transmission device 11 is understood. On the other hand, however, this term also encompasses the corresponding distances between the extended projection of the outer edge of the transmission device 11 designed as a shaft and the outer edge of the milling head 13 at locations of the milling head 13 spaced axially from the holder (transmission device 11) not cylindrical design of the milling head 13 result in so far different "free radii r" along the axial extent of the milling head 13th
  • the transmission device 11 also serves as a holder for the milling head 13.
  • the free radius r is smaller than the actual radius R of the respective milling head 13.
  • the holder is formed as a separate component in the form of an angle, wherein the milling head 13 is rotatably supported by a screw 23 on the bracket 22.
  • a ring gear 24 is integrally formed on the milling head 13, which meshes with a gear 25 driven by a drive, not shown. Due to the particular configuration of the holder 22, in this embodiment, the free radius r is greater than the actual, relative to the axis of rotation of the milling head 13 radius R, so that locking grooves 9 of great depth can be introduced.
  • the milling head 13 is located during insertion of the locking groove 9 with a substantial portion of its free radius r in the part of the connecting groove 4 which is surrounded on both sides by the groove flanks 5, 6, wherein the free radius r is at the same time completely between the long groove flank 6 and extended in projection P short groove flank 5 is located.
  • a position of the milling head 13 is shown, in which the milling head 13 during the introduction of the locking groove 9 with a significant proportion - namely here completely - its free radius r between the long groove flank 6 and extended in projection P groove flank. 5 located.
  • the milling head 13 is only in a small proportion in the part of the connecting groove 4 which surrounds the groove flank 5, 6 on both sides.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Snaps, Bayonet Connections, Set Pins, And Snap Rings (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
EP06754125A 2005-06-06 2006-06-03 Procede permettant de menager une rainure de verrouillage dans un flanc de rainure Active EP1901895B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL06754125T PL1901895T3 (pl) 2005-06-06 2006-06-03 Sposób wykonywania rowka blokującego w ściance wpustu

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005026157 2005-06-06
DE102005026554A DE102005026554B4 (de) 2005-06-06 2005-06-08 Verfahren zum Einbringen einer Verriegelungsnut in eine Nutflanke
PCT/EP2006/005345 WO2006131289A1 (fr) 2005-06-06 2006-06-03 Procede permettant de menager une rainure de verrouillage dans un flanc de rainure

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1901895A1 true EP1901895A1 (fr) 2008-03-26
EP1901895B1 EP1901895B1 (fr) 2009-08-12

Family

ID=37101376

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06754125A Active EP1901895B1 (fr) 2005-06-06 2006-06-03 Procede permettant de menager une rainure de verrouillage dans un flanc de rainure

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US8464768B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1901895B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE439223T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102005026554B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2331810T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL1901895T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2395389C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006131289A1 (fr)

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US10337190B2 (en) * 2017-08-08 2019-07-02 Ranat Tarananopas Board with tongue and tenon and method for manufacture of said board with tongue and tenon
CN111604692A (zh) * 2020-04-22 2020-09-01 惠亚科技（东台）有限公司 加工设备

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DE102005026554A1 (de) 2006-12-28
DE502006004525D1 (de) 2009-09-24
DE102005026554B4 (de) 2009-06-10
ATE439223T1 (de) 2009-08-15
EP1901895B1 (fr) 2009-08-12
WO2006131289A1 (fr) 2006-12-14
PL1901895T3 (pl) 2010-02-26
US8464768B2 (en) 2013-06-18
RU2395389C2 (ru) 2010-07-27
ES2331810T3 (es) 2010-01-15
US20100154935A1 (en) 2010-06-24
RU2008100030A (ru) 2009-07-20

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