EP1897618A1 - Grinder - Google Patents

Abstract

The shredder, for substitute combustible fractions separated from rubbish, has a frame (11) for the rotor (20) with the cutting blades. The cutting blades are pushed axially into holding grooves in the rotor mantle. The blades and the grooves have matching projections and recesses to hold the blades in place.

Description

The present invention relates to a crusher, in particular for the post-shredding of separated from refuse substitute fuel fractions. Such a crusher usually comprises a frame in which a provided with cutting blades rotor is mounted.

In known shredders, the knives are mounted by means of screw on the rotor, which is firstly labor-intensive and time-consuming when changing the blade and on the other hand brings the self-destruction of the device with a knife break.

In addition, the counter-blade is mounted in known shredders on the fixed frame, which is disadvantageous in Störstofffall because you can not open the separating gap.

Furthermore, in known shredders, the material supply via drawer or rotary piston elements, which, however, can only work off-set and thus do not allow a uniform power consumption.

The screen baskets are also screwed in known shredders as welded groups, which means high assembly times and a complex construction.

In addition, the assembly and maintenance of the known shredder consuming and time-consuming, since the wear parts are poorly accessible.

Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a crusher available, which is to operate wear and easy and inexpensive to repair. In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a crusher which is to be operated effectively and in which all wearing parts are to be changed quickly.

According to the invention this object is achieved by a crusher according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

The present invention thus comprises a crusher, in particular for the post-shredding of waste fuel fractions separated from waste, with a frame in which a rotor provided with cutting blades is mounted, wherein the blades are axially insertable into receiving grooves in the rotor casing.

By the grooves, in which the blades are axially inserted, easily occurring in screw blade fractures can be completely avoided. The grooves result in at most blade breakouts, which are not sufficient to cause a consequential destruction. In addition, an automatic knife change is possible, in which the worn knives can be pushed out by means of a hydraulic pliers with the new knife. The knives can have a lot of play in the grooves, as the knives used with much play are fixed only by material fine particles of the crushed material after a few minutes in the grooves. This is particularly sufficient because there is no change of direction.

Advantageously, the receiving grooves and the blades have correspondingly axially extending recesses and elevations through which the blades are held radially on the rotor. As a result, the knives need not be fixed by screws on the rotor as in the prior art, but are fixed solely by the special shape of the blades and grooves, through which forms an undercut between the knife and the receiving groove.

Advantageously, the knives are secured by runners connected to the frame. These prevent axial movement of the knives.

In a further advantageous manner, the rotor is constructed from a carrier tube and segment plates, wherein the segment plates are constructed in sandwich construction on the necessary rotor width and together result in the grooves for the knife. This design can be done even with massive damage to the rotor a cheap repair by replacing the affected segment plates, while in known rotor designs in case of damage to the tool holders, the entire rotor had to be replaced. In addition, this design allows for a shape-complicated receiving groove, without causing the production costs to explode. For this purpose, the individual segment plates already have corresponding recesses which form the receiving grooves after the lamellar assembly of the segment plates. Advantageously, the segment plates consist of laser cut sheet metal blanks. This allows the special attachment of the knife by the shape of the receiving groove in a cost effective manner.

Advantageously, the segment plates are further mounted concatenated and / or secured on the support tube against rotation. This allows a particularly stable and yet easy to repair structure of the rotor.

In a further advantageous manner, the number of knives on the circumference of the roll can be selected according to the degree of comminuting action, wherein preferably up to 36 knives can be arranged to obtain a comparatively low peripheral speed. Such a low rotor speed of about 80 Revolutions per minute results in particular, together with the special blade technology, which only allows a certain risk of breakout, but completely avoids blade breaks, a small risk of self-destruction.

In a further advantageous manner, the blades carry two cutting edges, wherein the first cutting edge is in engagement with the counter cutting edge and the second cutting edge is seated in the receiving groove in order to use the second cutting edge after the first cutting edge has been used by pushing out and twisting it through 180 ° bring. Thus, each knife can be used twice, which significantly reduces the material costs of wearing parts. Advantageously, the knives are constructed linear symmetrical, so that they show the same shape after rotation about its center line by 180 °.

Furthermore, the present invention comprises a crusher whose frame comprises a movable and a fixed frame part, wherein the counter-blade is seated on the movable frame part, which is firmly locked in the working position with the fixed frame part. In the working position of the shredder according to the invention then works as well as shredder according to the prior art with a fixed distance between the cutting edge and counter-blade, but can be quickly unlocked and opened to remove contaminants. In addition, the cutting gap can be opened by the construction according to the invention, which makes it particularly easy to exchange the counter-cutting plate and also makes good accessibility possible in the foreign material case. Obviously, this aspect of the invention is also independent of the special attachment of the blades on the rotor used and of great advantage.

Advantageously, the movable frame part is mounted as a pivot arm on the fixed frame part on a parallel to the rotor axis pivot axis and locked in working position against the frame-fixed stop. Thus, the movable frame part is easily wegzuschwenken if necessary.

In a further advantageous manner, the counter-blade can be delivered to the movable frame part, in particular deliverable on both sides, and / or fixed by clamping bracket. This allows the cutting gap to be optimally adjusted and the counterknife to be changed easily. The counter-blade itself is a simple laser cut from a suitably wear-resistant material, such. B. Hardox 500 with a thickness of z. B. 15 mm.

Advantageously, the delivery of the counter-blade by means of servo motors. This allows the counterknife to be easily and reliably positioned to optimally adjust the cutting gap.

In further advantageously, the clamps are hydraulically biased and open by spring force. Thus, the counter-blade can be securely fixed to the movable frame part and is still easy to change. The number of clamps depends on the width of the rotor or the width of the counter-blade.

Advantageously, the movable frame part further carries a material supply, which completely pivots when opening the counter-blade, wherein preferably only one upper funnel part is connected to the fixed frame. This, in turn, increases the accessibility of all individual parts and allows short parts replacement times.

The present invention further includes a crusher in which the material supply consists of one or more feed screws, wherein the screws can be driven in particular load-dependent. Unlike known solutions, which only work off-set, so the supplied material can be pressed continuously against the crushing rotor. This allows a uniform power consumption and high efficiency of the shredder according to the invention. Obviously, the use of feed screws is also independent of the remaining construction of the crusher of great advantage.

In a further advantageous manner, the rotor of screen baskets equipped with cutting blades is partially covered in order to predetermine the material output size by selecting the hole shape and hole size in the screen baskets.

The present invention further comprises a crusher in which the screen baskets are made in one or more parts and are loosely inserted in the fixed frame and then fixed by means of clamping elements, preferably tension chains, backlash. Advantageously, the distance to the knife edges of 1 to 5 mm is achieved over the fixed frame mounted Auflageringe. In comparison to the known screwed-in screen baskets, which form welding groups, this construction according to the invention means considerably shorter assembly times. In addition, the baskets of the present invention need only be cut and canted. Such a design and installation of the screen baskets is obviously independent of the other construction elements of the present invention of great advantage.

If the knives are axially inserted into receiving grooves in the rotor casing and secured by means of run-up strips, the screen baskets advantageously carry run-up strips for the axial securing of the rotor knives, wherein the run-up strips are preferably attached to the strainer basket elements as segments. This in turn means a very simple construction, in addition to the lack of glands can be omitted.

Thus, all wearing parts are fixed without screws in the present invention, which allows extremely short consumable replacement times below one hour. The low rotor speed together with the blade technology, which completely prevents a knife break and only allows a certain risk of breakout, also reduces the risk of self-destruction. In addition, due to the pivoting away of the movable frame part contaminants are easy to remove and the wearing parts and especially the counter-blade easily accessible. The special material feed via the screw feeder also enables a continuous material throughput.

Figur 1:

den erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerer in Arbeitsstellung,

Figur 2:

den erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerer mit weggeschwenkter Gegenschneide,

Figur 3:

den erfindungsgemäßen Rotor,

Figur 4:

einen erfindungsgemäßen Siebkorb,

Figur 5:

einen Schnitt durch den erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerer in Arbeitsstellung,

Detail A:

einen Spannhebel für die Siebkörbe im gespannten Zustand,

Detail B:

eine Spannkettenaufnahme unten im festen Rahmen,

Detail C:

einen Klemmbügel für das Einspannen der Gegenschneide,

Detail D:

ein Verstellgetriebe für die Gegenschneide.

The present invention will now be described with reference to an embodiment and drawings. Show

FIG. 1:

the shredder according to the invention in working position,

FIG. 2:

the shredder according to the invention with weggeschwenkter counter blade,

FIG. 3:

the rotor according to the invention,

FIG. 4:

a screen basket according to the invention,

FIG. 5:

a section through the shredder according to the invention in working position,

Detail A:

a tension lever for the baskets in the tensioned state,

Detail B:

a tensioning chain below in the fixed frame,

Detail C:

a clamp for clamping the counter-blade,

Detail D:

an adjusting mechanism for the counter-blade.

As shown in Figure 1, the frame 10 of the crusher according to the invention consists of a fixed frame part 11, on which the rotor is rotatably mounted about a rotation axis 21, and a movable frame part 12. The movable frame member 12 is parallel to the rotation axis 21 of the Rotors lying pivot axis 13 mounted on the fixed frame part. In the working position shown in Figure 1, the movable frame part by means of a bolt 9 and a locking element 8 firmly locked to the fixed frame part. On the movable frame part 12 further serving as a material feed Zuführschnekken 15 are arranged, and the corresponding drives 16 of the feed screws. The drives 16 are load-dependent controlled. As a result, a continuous flow of material to the crushing rotor is possible. On the fixed frame part 11, only an upper hopper part 18 is mounted, so that the entire material supply with the feed screws 15 and 16 can be pivoted together with the movable frame part 12 from the rotor. Also visible is the drive 17 of the rotor, which is mounted on the fixed frame part 11, and the servomotor 40, which is mounted on the movable frame part and which serves to adjust the counter-blade.

FIG. 2 now shows the shredder according to the invention with the movable frame part pivoted away. As a result, the rotor 20 mounted on the fixed frame part 11 about the rotation axis 21 can be seen. It is easy to see how the entire movable frame part can be folded away from the rotor together with the material feed and the counter cutting edge. This makes it particularly easy to change the counter-blade. Also, the rotor itself is easily accessible and contaminants can be easily removed.

FIG. 3 shows the rotor according to the invention. This consists of a support tube on which segment plates 22 are mounted side by side in sandwich construction. Each of the segment plates has recesses 25, which together form the receiving grooves 25 in the rotor casing. The segment plates 22 also have bores, by means of which they are attached via axially extending rods 23 on the support tube 21. In addition, the segment plates 25 are mounted in a concatenated manner, so that the lateral edges of each segment plate are located between two continuous regions of the adjacent segment plates and thus secured against rotation on the carrier tube. The knives 30 can be inserted axially into the receiving grooves 25 formed by the segment plates.

As can be seen in particular from the enlarged section below in FIG. 3, the receiving grooves and the knives have axially extending recesses and elevations through which the knives are held radially on the rotor. The elevation 26 on the receiving groove engages in a corresponding recess in the knife 30, so that an undercut is formed, which fixes the knife on the rotor. The structure of the rotor shell made of segment plates allows the relatively complicated geometry of the grooves, without the production costs are increased too much.

The blades 30 have two cutting edges 31, wherein the first cutting edge is in engagement with the counter-cutting edge and the second cutting edge is seated in the receiving groove 25 in a protected manner. If the cutting edge 30 is now ejected and re-installed rotated by 180 °, the second cutting edge is used. The knives 30 have a lot of play in the grooves 25 and are only fixed by fine material particles of the crushed material in the grooves. This is possible because there is no change of direction and thus allows a simple change of the knife by a new knife is inserted axially and pushes the old knife out of the receiving groove.

FIG. 4 shows a screen basket 60 according to the invention, which consists of a bent sheet metal segment. In a middle region, the screen basket has a hole pattern of holes 68. By selecting the pattern and / or the size and shape of the holes 68, the material output size can be adjusted. In its lateral edge region 65, the screen basket on a handle member 66 through which the basket can be easily pushed into the frame of the crusher and can be pulled out again. The screen basket further has folds 67, which are brought into contact with the frame or other screen baskets during fixing by means of tensioning chains. On the screen basket 60 start-up rails 70 are attached, which are arranged in the working position of the screen baskets next to the blades of the rotor and secure them axially. The sieve basket can only be produced by cutting, bending and folding and is therefore cheap to produce.

FIG. 5 again shows the shredder according to the invention in a sectional view: in particular, it can be seen that the counter-blade 35 is mounted on the movable frame part 12 by means of a clamping yoke 36. As a result, by pivoting back the movable frame part 12 about the pivot axis 13, it can simply be pivoted away from the rotor 20. In the position shown here, however, it is in its working position in which the movable frame part 12 is locked to the fixed frame part 11. The counter-blade 35 can be moved to the rotor via the servomotor 40 in order to set the cutting gap.

During operation, the material to be comminuted is applied to the feed screws 15 via the upper funnel portion 18 and pressed by the feed screws against the rotor 20 by means of the load-dependent actuated drives 16. The knives, which are pushed axially into the rotor casing, now crush the material in cooperation with the counter-blade 35.

The rotor is partially covered by screen baskets 62 and 60 to provide the material output size through the corresponding hole shape and hole size in the screen baskets 60 and 62. The screen baskets 60 and 62 are thereby inserted into the machine frame and then fixed by means of clamping chains 45. 5 shows the screen basket 62 in the working position, while screen basket 60 is not yet fully folded. Detail A shows the strainer basket 60 in its working position, in which it rests against a frame element 61 and is fixed over the chain 49. The chain 49 can thereby be tensioned by a lever device 50 with a lever 46 and a hook element 47. The lever device 50 is constructed self-locking, so that it solves only by applying a force on the lever 46 from its clamping position shown in detail A. In detail B, the attachment of the chain 49 is shown on the other side of the frame member 63, which takes place via a hinge member 51. By fixing the screen baskets by tensioning chains they can be easily changed, for example, to set a different material output size or for cleaning, so that even here only short assembly times are given.

Detail C shows the fixation of the counter-blade 35 by means of the clamping jaw 36. In the clamping jaw 36, a hydraulic cylinder 37 is provided, on the actuation of the counter-blade 35 can be fixed to the frame part 39. The clamping jaw 36 is also biased by a spring 38 in the opposite direction, so that the clamping jaw 36 opens by the springs 38 and the counter blade 35 releases when no hydraulic pressure is applied to the hydraulic cylinder 37.

In detail D, the actuator of the counter-blade 35 is shown. For this purpose, a servo motor 40 is provided, which generates a linear movement of the adjusting element 43 via a control gear 42. The adjusting element 43 is connected via a spring-loaded locking element 41 with the counter-blade 35. The locking element 41 engages through holes in the counter-blade 35. To change the counter-blade 35, the locking element can pull by means of an eccentric and a lever against the bias of the spring from the bore and are so the counter-blade 35 free.

Due to the construction according to the invention, all wear parts are thus fixed without screws, which allows extremely short wear part changing times. The Störstoffentnahme takes place by the pivoting away of the counter blade with the entire Zuführaggregat, with only the interfaces feed hopper 18 and feed channel remain connected to the fixed frame. In addition, the exchange of the counter-blade 35 in the open position is very easily possible.

Claims (17)

Shredder, in particular for the secondary comminution of waste fuel fractions separated from waste with a frame in which a rotor provided with cutting blades is mounted,
characterized,
that the blades are axially inserted into receiving grooves in the rotor shell. Shredder according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving grooves and the blades have mutually corresponding axially extending recesses and elevations through which the blades are held radially on the rotor. Crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the knives are secured by connected to the frame run-up rails. Crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor is constructed of a support tube and segment plates, wherein the segment plates are constructed in sandwich construction on the necessary rotor width and together result in the grooves for the knife. Shredder according to claim 4, characterized in that the segment plates mounted concatenated and / or secured on the support tube against rotation. Shredder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the number of knives on the circumference of the roll can be selected according to the degree of crushing action, wherein preferably up to 36 knives can be arranged to obtain a comparatively low peripheral speed. Shredder according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades carry two cutting edges, wherein the first cutting edge is engaged with the counter cutting edge and the second cutting edge is secured in the receiving groove to after consumption of the first cutting edge by pushing out and rotated by 180 ° mounting the second Cutting edge in use. Crusher especially according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame comprises a movable and a fixed frame part and the counter-blade is seated on the movable frame part, which is firmly locked in the working position with the fixed frame part. Crusher according to claim 8, characterized in that the movable frame part is mounted as a pivot arm on the fixed frame part on a parallel to the rotor axis pivot axis and locked in working position against a frame-fixed stop. Shredder according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the counter-blade can be delivered on the movable frame part, in particular on both sides undeliverable and is preferably fixable by clamping bracket. Crusher according to claim 10, characterized in that the delivery of the counter-blade is effected by means of servomotors. Crusher according to claim 10, characterized in that the clamps can be hydraulically biased and opened by spring force. Crusher according to claim 8, characterized in that the movable frame part carries a material supply, which completely pivots when opening the counter-blade, wherein preferably only one upper funnel part is connected to the fixed frame. Crusher especially according to claim 13, characterized in that the material supply consists of one or more feed screws, the screws can be driven in particular load-dependent. Shredder according to claim 1, characterized in that the fitted with cutting blades rotor of screen baskets is partially covered to specify the material output size by selecting the hole shape and hole size in the screen baskets. Shredder in particular according to claim 15, characterized in that the baskets are made in one or more parts and are loosely inserted in the fixed frame and then by means of clamping elements, preferably tension chains, set without play, preferably the distance to the knife edges of 1 ÷ 5 mm on fixed frame mounted support rings is achieved. Crusher according to claim 16, characterized in that the screen baskets bear starting strips for the axial securing of the rotor blades, which are preferably attached to the screen basket elements as segments.

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