EP1893874B1 - Steuerungssystem für eine pumpe - Google Patents

Steuerungssystem für eine pumpe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1893874B1
EP1893874B1 EP06747903.0A EP06747903A EP1893874B1 EP 1893874 B1 EP1893874 B1 EP 1893874B1 EP 06747903 A EP06747903 A EP 06747903A EP 1893874 B1 EP1893874 B1 EP 1893874B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
motor
speed
control device
level
Prior art date
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Revoked
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EP06747903.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1893874A1 (de
Inventor
Zhiyong Zhong
Jürgen MÖKANDER
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Xylem IP Holdings LLC
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Xylem IP Holdings LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F04D15/0066—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems by changing the speed, e.g. of the driving engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/06—Control using electricity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F04D15/0077—Safety measures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F04D15/02—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F04D15/02—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions
    • F04D15/0209—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions responsive to a condition of the working fluid
    • F04D15/0218—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions responsive to a condition of the working fluid the condition being a liquid level or a lack of liquid supply

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of pumps, and more specifically the present invention relates to pumps comprising variable frequency drive means. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a method for operating such pumps.
  • Pumps comprising variable frequency drive means, such as sewage pumps, drainage pumps and de-watering pumps as well as submersible pumps, for example, are commonly used for pumping fluids in mining applications such as in mining shafts, wells, at construction sites, or at other applications.
  • submersible pumps are submersed, wholly or partly, during long periods of time both when they are in operation and when in an off-state.
  • sensors such as level switches, are used to sense the fluid level within the well.
  • these level sensors may, for example, be blocked or be subjected to a level shift due to a collision with subjects in the fluid such as a tree branch, and will thus in such a case deliver an erroneous signal.
  • the pump system is not able to detect if the water level is high enough for pump operation upon start of the pump, since in this state there cannot be a sudden increase of the speed of the motor or a sudden drop of the motor torque. Thereby, the pump will run for a considerable time until it is switched off due to overheating, and the pump runs the risk of getting seriously damaged.
  • the pump operates in a dynamic environment and thus the pump should be able to operate in an efficient way in large range of head/pressure.
  • the pump head corresponds to the height the pump, using a given power, is able to lift a given amount of liquid, for example, water, see Fig. 3 where a typical pump curve is indicated by the line 30.
  • the degree of utilization of the power of the pump may be reduced at low flows (Q).
  • Q flows
  • This entails that a large starting torque of the pump motor is required in order to initiate the rotating of the pump impeller. Often a maximum starting torque is even required in order to start the rotation and the motor has to be operated at a maximum torque during a significant period of time. This consumes large amounts of energy and also wears the pump impeller and the motor.
  • variable frequency drive means Another known problem with pumps comprising conventional variable frequency drive means, is that the latter is usually mounted distant from the pump at a dry location above ground. More precisely, this necessitates a long power cable leading from the variable frequency drive means to the motor of the pump, which for conventional variable frequency drive means can result in severe problems with electromagnetic interference.
  • the variable frequency drive means is mounted within the pump casing, more precisely on a plate connected to the motor.
  • the operation of the variable frequency drive means in this case is adversely affected by the heat emitted from the motor, which may lead to erroneous operation of the variable frequency drive means.
  • one object of the present invention is to provide an improved pump, a pump system including such a pump, a computer program, a control device for such a pump and methods for controlling such a pump and pump systems in an efficient way with respect to pump capacity at varying pump head.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved pump, a pump system including such a pump, a computer program, a control device for such a pump and methods for controlling such a pump and pump systems in an efficient way with respect to energy consumption.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved pump, a pump system including such a pump, a computer program, a control device for such a pump and methods for controlling such a pump and pump systems in an efficient way with respect to durability of the pump.
  • pump speed is defined as the numbers of revolutions per time unit of the pump.
  • a method for operating a pump comprising a motor and variable frequency drive means, the latter being arranged to control the operation of the motor by being connected to said motor and to a feeder cable of the pump, the variable frequency drive means comprising a rectifier, an inverter and a DC link extending therebetween, furthermore the pump is operatively connected to a control device.
  • the method comprises the steps of:
  • a computer program product loadable into a memory of a digital computer device including software code portions for performing the method according to the present invention when the computer program product is run on the computer device.
  • a pump system comprising a pump according to the invention.
  • the present invention is based on the idea of obtaining values of operating parameters of the pump substantially continuously from the variable frequency drive means, which operating parameters indicate pump conditions and which are measured in an easy and inexpensive way and at the same time with high accuracy; and controlling the variable frequency drive means based on the obtained values of operating parameters, wherein the operation of the motor is adjusted in accordance with said pump conditions.
  • the pump is operated in an efficient way with respect to output capacity at varying flows, energy consumption and durability of the pump.
  • the wear of the pump parts such as the impeller and the seals is reduced, the pump life can be extended. Due to the fact that all information required for the control of the pump and pump motor and variable frequency drive means is obtained from the variable frequency means, no external sensors are required.
  • the operating parameters may be: the DC link voltage of the variable frequency drive means, the DC link current of the variable frequency drive means, the speed of the motor, or the like.
  • the power of the motor, the torque of the motor, or other suitable quantities may be determined.
  • the event of dry running of the pump is determined based of the obtained values of operating parameters, e.g. the power of the motor at different motor speeds are compared with a predetermined reference value. If it is determined that the power of the motor is lower than the predetermined reference level, the operation of the pump motor is stopped during a period of time having a predetermined length. Moreover, the motor is restarted when the predetermined period of time has expired and the same check is performed once again until the predetermined condition is fulfilled.
  • the snoring operation problem which, as discussed above, causes extra wear of the pump, and in particular of the impeller, may cause the pump motor to overheat and also leads to unnecessary energy consumption, is dealt with and an efficient way of operating a pump comprising variable frequency drive means in respect of energy consumption and durability can thereby be obtained.
  • the pump life can be extended owing to the fact that the wear of pump parts such as the impeller, seals and suction cover is significantly reduced.
  • the power of the motor is maintained at a substantially constant level.
  • the obtained operating parameter value is compared with a predetermined reference level of the operating parameter; if the operating parameter value is lower than the predetermined reference level, the speed of the motor required to obtain the predetermined power level is calculated; and the pump is ran at the calculated speed.
  • the calculated speed is compared with a preset maximum allowed speed of the pump; and if the calculated speed is higher than the preset maximum speed of the pump, the pump is ran at the preset maximum speed.
  • the pump head/pressure can be increased by 20% to 30% by means of the method according to said second aspect.
  • the pump will reach a higher pump head at lower flows than a conventional pump.
  • an efficient way of operating a pump comprising variable frequency drive means in respect of pump capacity at varying pump head is obtained.
  • a detection whether the pump is clogged is performed; and if it is detected that the pump is clogged, the pump is ran reversely at a predetermined speed during a period of time having a predetermined length. Thereafter the pump is stopped and started in the normal direction. Moreover, the step of running the pump impeller reversely, stopping it and change the operating direction is repeated until it is detected that the clogging condition has ceased.
  • the problem of clogging or jam of the intake and/or pumping house which may be caused by particles in the fluid that sediment at the intake and at the impeller and build silt having a relatively thick or solid consistency, is dealt with.
  • this embodiment provides for an efficient way of operating a pump comprising variable frequency drive means in respect of energy consumption and durability since the wear of, especially, the pump impeller is reduced. Moreover, since the clogging condition can be removed in an efficient way the energy consumption of the pump can also be reduced.
  • the method according to the present invention are suitable to realize or implement as a computer program or a computer readable medium, preferably within the contents of a control device or a processing means of a pump or a pump system.
  • Both EP patent no. 1,054,506 and US patent no. 5,925,825 discloses a method for operating a pump comprising a motor and a variable frequency drive comprising a rectifier, an inverter and an DC-link extending therebetween.
  • the pump is operatively connected to a control device.
  • the variable frequency drive is arranged to receive instructions based on a pump condition in order to control the operation of the pump in accordance with said pump conditions.
  • a first embodiment of a pump according to the present invention will be described.
  • the embodiments of the present invention described hereinafter are utilized in present submersible pumps comprising variable frequency drive means.
  • the present invention can also be utilized in other types of pumps, such as sewage pumps, drainage pumps, de-watering pumps, etc.
  • the submersible pump 1 of Fig. 1 comprises a variable-speed unit 2, preferably variable frequency drive means (VFD unit) connected via a connection cable 3 to a power source (not shown) delivering, for example, a single phase voltage or a three phase voltage.
  • VFD unit variable frequency drive means
  • the pump 1 according to the present invention is able to receive a power supply within the range from approximately 90 V to approximately 250 V.
  • the inventive pump 1 may be used both in countries/regions having a standard power supply of approximately 110 V and in countries/regions having a standard power supply of approximately 230 V.
  • prior art pumps are designed to be supplied with electricity having a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz, which are known standards for different countries and/or different regions in a country.
  • the inventive pump is designed to be used in many different countries, i.e. the input frequency may be at least within the range of 50-60 Hz, but in reality the inventive pump may cope with which ever frequency available.
  • a given pump may be used connected to many different power mains, i.e. a given pump is a globally usable pump ready to be put into operation.
  • the VFD unit 2 comprises an electromagnet interference filter 4 (EMI filter) arranged at the connection cable 3 in order to filter out electromagnet interference at the input.
  • the connection cable 3 is connected to a feeder cable of the pump 1.
  • the EMI filter 4 is connected to a rectifier 5, which in turn is connected via a DC link 10, including a capacitor 6, to a transducer or inverter 7.
  • the inverter 7 converts the DC current to a three-phase current, which is supplied to a pump motor 9 via a connection 8.
  • the function and components and parts of a VFD unit 2 is well-known for the man skilled within the art and hence they will not be described in further detail herein.
  • VFD unit 2 is mounted thermally shielded from the motor 9 and at the same time mounted in a thermally conductive arrangement with the pumped fluid, such that the temperature of the VFD unit 2 is kept at a low level during operation, which eliminates a source of error.
  • a control device 11 is arranged operatively connected to the pump 1 and in communication with the VFD unit 2 via a communication bus (not shown) and controls or drives the pump 1, e.g. to increase or decrease the speed of the motor 9 in order to pump a larger or a smaller amount of liquid, for example, water.
  • the VFD unit 2 comprises sensing means 16, which is operatively connected to said DC link 10 and which is arranged to obtain values of operating parameters of the pump 1 indicating pump conditions.
  • the VFD unit 2 is arranged to communicate to the control device 11 said values of operating parameters, which, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, may be: the DC link voltage, the DC link current, the speed of the motor, or the like. By means of these operating parameters the power of the pump 1 or of the motor 9, the torque of the motor 9, or other suitable quantities may be determined.
  • the control device 11 is arranged to determine if a predetermined condition is fulfilled based on said obtained values of operating parameters and to communicate instructions to the VFD unit 2, based on the fulfillment of said predetermined condition, in order to control the operation of the motor 9 in accordance with said pump conditions.
  • the control device 11 is, in turn, controlled by processing means 12, which includes storing means 13.
  • the storing means 13 may include a random access memory (RAM) and/or a non-volatile memory such as read-only memory (ROM).
  • the storing means 13 comprises a computer program 14 comprising instructions for bringing a computer or a microprocessor, such as the processsing means 12, to cause method steps in accordance with the present invention.
  • storing means may include various types of physical devices for temporary and/or persistent storage of data which includes solid state, magnetic, optical and combination devices.
  • the storing means may be implemented using one or more physical devices such as DRAM, PROMS, EPROMS, EEPROMS, flash memory, and the like.
  • the control device 11 is arranged in communication via an interface unit (not shown) with an operator unit 22 including input means in the form of a keyboard 24, which allows the operator to input, for example, control commands, and a display means or screen 26 for presenting information related operation of the pump, for example, time history of the operating parameters, or status information of the pump.
  • the operator unit 22 is a personal computer.
  • the communication link between the pump 1 and the operator unit 22 can be a wireless link or a hard wired link.
  • the operator unit 22 can, in turn, be connected to a communications network, such as the Internet.
  • the operator unit 22 By means of the operator unit 22, the operator is capable of monitoring the operation of the pump as well as different operating parameters associated to the operation thereof via the display 26.
  • the display is a touch sensitive screen and in this case a number of soft-keys can be arranged on the screen in order to present different commands at different presented interfaces on the display 26.
  • the operator unit may comprise storing means (not shown), which, in turn, may include a random access memory (RAM) and/or a non-volatile memory such as read-only memory (ROM).
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • storing means may include various types of physical devices for temporary and/or persistent storage of data which includes solid state, magnetic, optical and combination devices.
  • the storing means may be implemented using one or more physical devices such as DRAM, PROMS, EPROMS, EEPROMS, flash memory, and the like.
  • Running data of the pump 1, such as operating parameters like running time, number of starts, energy consumption, and alarm data, as well as service record can be obtained and stored in a logging file in the storing means 13.
  • the logging file can be presented for an operator by means of the operator unit 22.
  • the logging file can be downloaded to the operator unit 22 for, e.g. storage.
  • control device 11 can be realized by means of a processor including, inter alia, programmable instructions for executing the methods according to the present invention.
  • the control device is implemented in the form of a micro-chip or the like data carrier comprising software adapted to execute the functions described above and hereinafter.
  • Figs. 7-9 alternative embodiments of the present invention are shown. Like or similar parts and/or devices in Figs. 1 , 2 and 7-9 are being denoted with the same reference numerals.
  • the control device 11 which may be encapsulated in a hermetically sealed housing, is arranged on an outer surface of the pump housing.
  • the control device 11 can be attached or fixed at the housing in a number of ways.
  • the device 11 can be fixed by means of screws.
  • the control device 11 is in form of a plug-in unit adapted to be inserted in a control device receiving recess 15.
  • the control device 11 is arranged in the control panel 22.
  • This first aspect of the method according to invention deals with the snoring operation problem or the dry running operation problem, which, as discussed above, entails increased wear of pump part such as the impeller and the seals, may cause the pump motor to overheat and also leads to that unnecessary energy is consumed.
  • pump motors are designed to provide optimum performance when they are pumping and operating in liquid, so prolonged dry running operation can damage the pump motor.
  • the first aspect of the invention provides for a an efficient way of operating a pump 1 comprising a VFD unit 2, as described with reference to any one of Figs. 1-2 and 7-9 in respect of energy consumption, pump life, and durability.
  • the operation of the pump is initiated, i.e. the pump is started.
  • the pump is operated at a first speed level for a predetermined period of time and at a second speed level for a predetermined period of time.
  • said first speed level and said second speed level are low speed levels.
  • the power of the motor 9 is determined and thereafter, at step 44, it is checked whether the relation between the speed of the motor 9 and the power of the motor is approximately a cubic function (if the power of the motor is proportional to the cube of the speed of the motor) using the two speed levels and the resulting power from each one of them.
  • the pump can be ran in normal operation and if the relation is not a cubic function it is an indication that the pump 1 pumps air and it is determined that the liquid level is too low and the pump cannot be ran at the desired speed level. This determination is performed in the control device 11, e.g. in the processing means 12. It shall be pointed out that the relationship between the speed level and the resulting power not necessarily has to be cubic, other exponents may be appropriate for other mixtures of fluids, i.e. liquids and gases.
  • step 44 If, in step 44, it is determined that the liquid level is not sufficient, the algorithm proceeds to step 46, where the control device 11 sends instructions to the VFD unit 2 to stop/pause the operation of the pump during a predetermined time period, e.g. a number of minutes, maybe about 2 minutes. When this period of time has expired, the algorithm returns to step 42.
  • a predetermined time period e.g. a number of minutes, maybe about 2 minutes.
  • step 44 determines that the liquid level is sufficient
  • the algorithm proceeds to step 48, where the speed of the pump 1 is increased to a desired speed.
  • the pump 1 is now operated in a normal manner.
  • step 50 it is checked whether the liquid level still is sufficient, i.e. whether the pump 1 sucks air partly or mainly or if it is pumping liquid, by determining if a second predetermined condition is fulfilled. This is performed on a substantially continuous basis.
  • a value of a suitable operating parameter is obtained by the sensing means 16 of the VFD unit 2, which value is communicated to the control device 11.
  • the DC link voltage, the DC link current, or the like can be used directly or can be used to determine, for example, the torque of the motor 9 or preferably the power of the motor 9. A sudden drop of the power of the motor 9 during operation indicates that the pump 1 pumps air instead of liquid.
  • the second condition is a comparison between the power of the motor 9, for example, and a predetermined reference level, which may be stored in the storing means 13, and if the power of the motor is lower than the predetermined reference level, it is determined that the liquid level is too low.
  • the predetermined level may be about 70% of the maximum power of the motor for the present speed of the motor 9.
  • a step comparable to step 42 may be performed at a regular basis between step 48 and step 50, in order to determine if liquid is present at the inlet of the pump 1.
  • step 48 If it is determined that the liquid level at the inlet of the pump is sufficient, i.e. the power of the motor 9 is higher than the predetermined level, the algorithm returns to step 48. On the other hand, if it is determined that the fluid level at the inlet of the pump is too low, i.e. the power of the motor is lower than the predetermined level, the algorithm instead proceeds to step 52, where the operation of the pump is stopped. Subsequently, the algorithm proceeds to step 46, where the operation of the pump is kept stopped during a predetermined period of time. When this pause period has expired, the algorithm proceeds to step 42.
  • This second aspect of the method according to invention deals with the problem of maintaining the power of the pump at a substantially constant level over a large range of flows.
  • the pump head/ pressure can be increased by 20% to 30% by means of the method according to the second aspect.
  • the power of the pump is kept at a substantially constant level at varying pump head by adjusting the speed of the motor. Due to the fact that the pump is operated more efficient at low flows a smaller pump can be used to pump a given amount of liquid, and the wear of the pump can also be reduced.
  • the inventive pump is an universally usable pump which is designed to be used in many different applications having varying demands.
  • a high pump capacity may be achieved for a given pump for varying pump head by adjusting the speed of the motor.
  • the second aspect of the invention provides for a an efficient way of operating a pump comprising a VFD unit 2 as described with reference to any one of Figs. 1-2 and 7-9 in respect of energy consumption and durability.
  • the operation of the pump 1 is initiated, i.e. the pump 1 is started.
  • the pump is ran at a desired speed level.
  • An operating parameter of the pump is monitored substantially continuously and values corresponding to the operating parameter are obtained by the sensing means 16 of the VFD unit 2, which value is communicated to the control device 11.
  • the DC link voltage, the DC link current, or the like can be used directly or can be used to determine, for example, the torque of the motor 9 or preferably the power of the motor 9.
  • the power of the motor 9, for example is compared with a predetermined reference level at step 64, e.g. the rated power of the motor 9, which may be stored in the storing means 13, in, for example the processing means 12.
  • step 64 If, at step 64, it is determined that the power level of the motor is higher than the predetermined reference level, the algorithm returns to step 62, and the operation of the pump is maintained at said desired speed level. On the other hand, if it is determined that the power level of the motor is lower than the predetermined level, the algorithm proceeds to step 66, where the speed required to reach the predetermined power level of the motor is calculated in the processing means 12.
  • step 68 the calculated speed is compared with a preset maximum speed. If the calculated speed is found to be higher than the preset maximum speed, the algorithm proceeds to step 70, where the control device 11 communicates instructions to the VFD unit 2 to run the motor 9 at the preset maximum speed, and the algorithm returns to step 64. If it is found that the calculated speed is lower than the preset maximum speed, the algorithm proceeds to step 72 and the control device 11 communicates instructions to the VFD unit 2 to run the motor 9 at the calculated speed. Thereafter, the algorithm proceeds to step 64 where the procedure is continued. By maintaining the power of the motor at a substantially constant level, the head/pressure can be increased at low flows as indicated by means of line 32 in fig. 3 .
  • This third aspect of the method according to invention deals with the problem of clogging or jam of the intake and/or the impeller of the pump 1, which may be caused by particles in the fluid that sediment at the intake and in the impeller and build silt having a relatively thick or solid consistency.
  • a large starting torque of the pump motor is required in order to initiate the rotating of the pump impeller. This consumes large amounts of energy and also wears the pump impeller and the motor.
  • the third aspect of the invention provides for a an efficient way of operating a pump comprising a VFD unit 2 as described with reference to any one of Figs. 1-2 and 7-9 in respect of energy consumption, durability and starting reliability.
  • the operation of the pump 1 is initiated, i.e. the pump 1 is started.
  • the pump is ran at a desired speed level.
  • a check is performed whether the pump is clogged/jammed.
  • This can as an example be performed in the following two ways.
  • One way is to measure an operating parameter of the pump and compare it with a predetermined reference level, for example, determine the power of the motor 9 and comparing it with a predetermined reference level of the power of the motor 9, for example, the rated power of the motor 9. If the measured power of the motor is higher than this predetermined reference level, it is an indication of a clogged/jammed condition.
  • the second way is to monitor an alarm function of the variable frequency drive means 2 and an alarm indicating DC link over-current is used as an indication of a clogged/jammed condition.
  • step 84 If it, in step 84, is determined that the pump 1 is not clogged, the algorithm returns to step 82, where the operation of the pump 1 is maintained. On the other hand, if it is determined that the pump 1 is clogged, the algorithm proceeds to step 86, where the control device 11 communicates instructions to the VFD unit 2 to drive the impeller reversely at a first speed during a predetermined period of time. After the predetermined period of time the pump 1 is stopped and then ran in a forward rotating direction again. Preferably, such a cycle lasts about 1-10 seconds. Then, at step 88, it is checked whether the clogging state has ceased, as is performed at step 84 above. If not, the procedure returns to step 86. This cycle is repeated until the clogging condition has been removed. If the clogging state has ceased, the algorithm returns to step 82.
  • the following procedure can be performed at regular intervals: running the pump 1 reversely at a predetermined speed during a period of time having a predetermined length, stopping the pump 1 after said period and running the pump 1 at its normal rotation direction. Thereby, the operational reliability of the pump can be improved still more.
  • the lines shown at reference numbers 30 and 32 are examples of liquid flow and head ratio for a certain pump 1, which is supplied with a 3 phase voltage having a frequency of 60 Hz from the VFD unit 2.
  • 60 Hz is the standard frequency in some countries in the power mains, but by means of the VFD unit 2, this level may be increased considerably, e.g. up to 150 Hz, and by doing so said lines 30, 32 will be more or less offset in an direction upwards in the chart of fig. 3 , and a certain pump may be used for very fluctuating applications and conditions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Non-Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Claims (31)

  1. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Pumpe (1), die einen Motor (9) und eine frequenzvariable Antriebseinrichtung (2) aufweist, wobei die frequenzvariable Antriebseinrichtung (2) so angeordnet ist, dass sie den Betrieb des Motors (9) steuert, indem sie mit dem Motor (9) und einem Zuleitungskabel der Pumpe (1) verbunden ist, die frequenzvariable Antriebseinrichtung (2) einen Gleichrichter (5), einen Wechselrichter (7) und einen sich dazwischen erstreckenden Gleichstromzwischenkreis (10) aufweist und ferner die Pumpe (1) mit einer Steuervorrichtung (11) wirkverbunden ist, wobei das Verfahren durch die Schritte gekennzeichnet ist:
    Erhalten von Werten von Betriebsparametern der Pumpe (1) als Angabe von Pumpenbedingungen mit Hilfe einer Erfassungseinrichtung (16), die ein Bestandteil der frequenzvariablen Antriebseinrichtung (2) ist und die mit dem Gleichstromzwischenkreis (10) wirkverbunden ist,
    Kommunizieren der Werte der Betriebsparameter der Pumpe von der frequenzvariablen Antriebseinrichtung (2) zur Steuervorrichtung (11),
    Bestimmen (44, 64, 84) mit Hilfe der Steuervorrichtung (11), ob eine vorbestimmte Bedingung erfüllt ist, auf der Grundlage der erhaltenen Werte der Betriebsparameter der Pumpe; und
    Kommunizieren von Befehlen von der Steuervorrichtung (11) zur frequenzvariablen Antriebseinrichtung (2) auf der Grundlage der Erfüllung der vorbestimmten Bedingung, um den Betrieb des Motors (9) in Übereinstimmung mit den Pumpenbedingungen zu steuern.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Schritt des Erhaltens von Werten der Betriebsparameter der Pumpe (1) den Schritt aufweist:
    Erhalten von Werten von mindestens einem der folgenden Betriebsparameter: Spannungspegel des Gleichstromzwischenkreises, Strompegel des Gleichstromzwischenkreises, Drehmoment des Motors (9) oder Leistung des Motors (9).
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, das ferner den Schritt aufweist:
    Detektieren (44, 64, 84) einer bestimmten Pumpenbedingung mit Hilfe des mindestens einen Betriebsparameters.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Pumpenbedingung ein Vorhandensein von Flüssigkeit an einem Einlass der Pumpe (1) betrifft.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, wobei der Schritt des Bestimmens, ob eine vorbestimmte Bedingung erfüllt ist, die Schritte aufweist:
    Laufenlassen (42) der Pumpe (1) mit einem ersten Drehzahlwert für eine vorbestimmte Zeitperiode,
    Laufenlassen (42) der Pumpe (1) mit einem zweiten Drehzahlwert für eine vorbestimmte Zeitperiode, und
    Bestimmen (44), ob die Leistung des Motors (9) proportional zur Kubikzahl der Drehzahl des Motors (9) ist, auf der Grundlage der Werte der Betriebsparameter, die durch die Erfassungseinrichtung (16) für den ersten Drehzahlwert bzw. den zweiten Drehzahlwert erhalten werden.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, wobei die kommunizierten Befehle von der Steuervorrichtung (11) zur frequenzvariablen Antriebseinrichtung (2) lauten:
    die Pumpe (1) mit einem gewünschten Drehzahlwert laufen lassen (48), wenn bestimmt wird, dass die vorbestimmte Bedingung erfüllt ist, oder
    den Betrieb der Pumpe (1) für eine vorbestimmte Zeitperiode stoppen (46), wenn bestimmt wird, dass die vorbestimmte Bedingung nicht erfüllt ist.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, das bei Laufenlassen der Pumpe (1) mit dem gewünschten Drehzahlwert ferner die Schritte aufweist:
    Prüfen (50) des Vorhandenseins von Flüssigkeit an einem Einlass der Pumpe (1) durch
    Erhalten von Werten der Betriebsparameter der Pumpe (1) mit Hilfe der Erfassungseinrichtung (16),
    Kommunizieren der Werte der Betriebsparameter von der frequenzvariablen Antriebseinrichtung (2) zur Steuervorrichtung (11),
    Bestimmen mit Hilfe der Steuervorrichtung (11), ob eine zweite vorbestimmte Bedingung erfüllt ist, auf der Grundlage der erhaltenen Werte der Betriebsparameter und
    Kommunizieren von Befehlen von der Steuervorrichtung (11) zur frequenzvariablen Antriebseinrichtung (2) auf der Grundlage der Erfüllung der zweiten vorbestimmten Bedingung, um den Betrieb des Motors (9) zu steuern.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, wobei der Schritt des Bestimmens, ob eine zweite vorbestimmte Bedingung erfüllt ist, den Schritt aufweist:
    Vergleichen (50) der erhaltenen Werte der Betriebsparameter mit einem vorbestimmten Referenzwert.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, wobei die kommunizierten Befehle von der Steuervorrichtung (11) zur frequenzvariablen Antriebseinrichtung (2) lauten:
    die Pumpe (1) mit dem gewünschten Drehzahlwert laufen lassen (48), wenn bestimmt wird, dass die zweite vorbestimmte Bedingung erfüllt ist, und
    den Betrieb der Pumpe (1) für eine vorbestimmte Zeitperiode stoppen (52), wenn bestimmt wird, dass die zweite vorbestimmte Bedingung nicht erfüllt ist.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, das ferner den Schritt aufweist:
    Halten des Werts des mindestens einen Betriebsparameters auf einem im Wesentlichen konstanten Wert.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, wobei der Schritt des Bestimmens, ob eine vorbestimmte Bedingung erfüllt ist, die Schritte aufweist:
    Laufenlassen (62) der Pumpe (1) mit einem gewünschten Drehzahlwert,
    Bestimmen (64), ob die Leistung des Motors (9) niedriger als ein vorbestimmter Referenzwert der Leistung des Motors (9) ist, auf der Grundlage der Werte der Leistung des Motors (9), die durch die Erfassungseinrichtung (16) für den gewünschten Drehzahlwert erhalten werden.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, wobei die kommunizierten Befehle von der Steuervorrichtung (11) zur frequenzvariablen Antriebseinrichtung (2) lauten:
    die Pumpe (1) mit dem gewünschten Drehzahlwert laufen lassen (62), wenn bestimmt wird, dass die vorbestimmte Bedingung nicht erfüllt ist, oder
    die Drehzahl des Motors (9) berechnen (66), die zum Erreichen eines vorbestimmten Referenzwerts der Leistung des Motors (9) erforderlich ist, wenn bestimmt wird, dass die vorbestimmte Bedingung erfüllt ist, und
    die Pumpe (1) mit der berechneten Drehzahl laufen lassen.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, das bei Laufenlassen der Pumpe (1) mit der berechneten Drehzahl ferner die Schritte aufweist:
    Vergleichen (68) der berechneten Drehzahl der Pumpe (1) mit einer voreingestellten maximalen Drehzahl der Pumpe (1) und
    Laufenlassen (70) der Pumpe (1) mit der berechneten Drehzahl, wenn die berechnete Drehzahl niedriger als die voreingestellte maximale Drehzahl ist, oder
    Laufenlassen (72) der Pumpe (1) mit der voreingestellten maximalen Drehzahl, wenn die berechnete Drehzahl höher als die voreingestellte maximale Drehzahl ist.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Pumpenbedingung Verstopfen der Pumpe (1) betrifft.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, wobei der Schritt des Bestimmens, ob eine vorbestimmte Bedingung erfüllt ist, die Schritte aufweist:
    Laufenlassen (82) der Pumpe (1) mit einem gewünschten Drehzahlwert,
    Bestimmen (84), ob die Leistung des Motors (9) höher als ein vorbestimmter Referenzwert der Leistung des Motors (9) ist, auf der Grundlage der Werte der Leistung des Motors (9), die durch die Erfassungseinrichtung (16) für den gewünschten Drehzahlwert erhalten werden.
  16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14 oder 15, wobei die kommunizierten Befehle von der Steuervorrichtung (11) zur frequenzvariablen Antriebseinrichtung (2) lauten:
    die Pumpe (1) mit dem gewünschten Drehzahlwert laufen lassen (82), wenn bestimmt wird, dass die vorbestimmte Bedingung nicht erfüllt ist, oder
    die Pumpe (1) mit einer vorbestimmten Drehzahl für eine vorbestimmte Zeitperiode rückwärts laufen lassen (86) und
    die Pumpe (1) in ihrer normalen Betriebsrichtung mit dem gewünschten Drehzahlwert nach der vorbestimmten Zeitperiode des Rückwärtsbetriebs laufen lassen, wenn bestimmt wird, dass die vorbestimmte Bedingung erfüllt ist.
  17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, das ferner die Schritte aufweist:
    Wiederholen (88) des Schritts des Bestimmens, ob die Leistung des Motors (9) höher als ein vorbestimmter Referenzwert der Leistung des Motors (9) ist, und
    Wiederholen der Schritte nach Anspruch 16.
  18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, wobei die folgenden Schritte in regelmäßigen Abständen während des Betriebs der Pumpe (1) durchgeführt werden:
    Rückwärtslaufenlassen der Pumpe (1) mit einer vorbestimmten Drehzahl für eine vorbestimmte Zeitperiode und
    Laufenlassen der Pumpe (1) in ihrer normalen Betriebsrichtung mit einem gewünschten Drehzahlwert nach der vorbestimmten Zeitperiode des Rückwärtsbetriebs.
  19. Computerprogrammprodukt (14), das in einen Speicher (13) einer digitalen Computervorrichtung ladbar ist, mit Softwarecodeabschnitten zum Durchführen des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, wenn das Computerprogrammprodukt (14) auf der digitalen Computervorrichtung laufen gelassen wird.
  20. Pumpe (1), die einen Motor (9) und eine frequenzvariable Antriebseinrichtung (2) aufweist, wobei die frequenzvariable Antriebseinrichtung (2) so angeordnet ist, dass sie den Betrieb des Motors (9) steuert, indem sie mit dem Motor (9) und einem Zuleitungskabel der Pumpe (1) verbunden ist, die frequenzvariable Antriebseinrichtung (2) einen Gleichrichter (5), einen Wechselrichter (7) und einen sich dazwischen erstreckenden Gleichstromzwischenkreis (10) aufweist und ferner die Pumpe (1) mit einer Steuervorrichtung (11) wirkverbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Erfassungseinrichtung (16) ein Bestandteil der frequenzvariablen Antriebseinrichtung (2) ist, die Erfassungseinrichtung (16) mit dem Gleichstromzwischenkreis (10) wirkverbunden und so angeordnet ist, dass sie Werte von Betriebsparametern der Pumpe (1) als Angabe von Pumpenbedingungen erhält, wobei die frequenzvariable Antriebseinrichtung (2) so angeordnet ist, dass sie die Werte der Betriebsparameter der Pumpe (1) zur Steuervorrichtung (11) kommuniziert, die Steuervorrichtung (11) ferner so angeordnet ist, dass sie bestimmt, ob eine vorbestimmte Bedingung erfüllt ist, auf der Grundlage der erhaltenen Werte der Betriebsparameter der Pumpe (1) und Befehle von der Steuervorrichtung (11) zur frequenzvariablen Antriebseinrichtung (2) auf der Grundlage der Erfüllung der vorbestimmten Bedingung kommuniziert, um den Betrieb des Motors (9) in Übereinstimmung mit den Pumpenbedingungen zu steuern.
  21. Pumpe nach Anspruch 20, wobei die Steuervorrichtung (11) geeignet ist, Werte von mindestens einem der folgenden Betriebsparameter zu erhalten: Spannungspegel des Gleichstromzwischenkreises, Strompegel des Gleichstromzwischenkreises, Drehmoment des Motors (9) oder Leistung des Motors (9).
  22. Pumpe nach Anspruch 21, wobei die Steuervorrichtung (11) geeignet ist,
    die Pumpe (1) mit einem ersten Drehzahlwert für eine vorbestimmte Zeitperiode laufen zu lassen,
    die Pumpe (1) mit einem zweiten Drehzahlwert für eine vorbestimmte Zeitperiode laufen zu lassen und
    zu bestimmen, ob die Leistung des Motors (9) proportional zur Kubikzahl der Drehzahl des Motors (9) ist, auf der Grundlage der Werte des mindestens einen Betriebsparameters, die durch die Erfassungseinrichtung (16) für den ersten Drehzahlwert bzw. den zweiten Drehzahlwert erhalten werden.
  23. Pumpe nach Anspruch 22, wobei die Steuervorrichtung (11) geeignet ist,
    die Pumpe (1) mit einem gewünschten Drehzahlwert laufen zu lassen, wenn bestimmt wird, dass die vorbestimmte Bedingung erfüllt ist, oder
    den Betrieb der Pumpe (1) für eine vorbestimmte Zeitperiode zu stoppen, wenn bestimmt wird, dass die vorbestimmte Bedingung nicht erfüllt ist.
  24. Pumpe nach Anspruch 21, wobei die Steuervorrichtung (11) geeignet ist,
    den Wert des mindestens einen Betriebsparameters auf einem im Wesentlichen konstanten Wert zu halten.
  25. Pumpe nach Anspruch 24, wobei die Steuervorrichtung (11) geeignet ist,
    die Pumpe (1) mit einem gewünschten Drehzahlwert laufen zu lassen,
    zu bestimmen, ob die Leistung des Motors (9) niedriger als ein vorbestimmter Referenzwert der Leistung des Motors (9) ist, auf der Grundlage der Werte der Leistung des Motors (9), die durch die Erfassungseinrichtung (16) für den gewünschten Drehzahlwert erhalten werden.
  26. Pumpe nach Anspruch 24 oder 25, wobei die Steuervorrichtung (11) geeignet ist,
    die Pumpe (1) mit dem gewünschten Drehzahlwert laufen zu lassen, wenn bestimmt wird, dass die vorbestimmte Bedingung nicht erfüllt ist, oder
    die Drehzahl des Motors (9) zu berechnen (66), die zum Erreichen eines vorbestimmten Referenzwerts der Leistung des Motors (9) erforderlich ist, wenn bestimmt wird, dass die vorbestimmte Bedingung erfüllt ist, und
    die Pumpe (1) mit der berechneten Drehzahl laufen zu lassen.
  27. Pumpe nach Anspruch 26, wobei die Steuervorrichtung (11) geeignet ist,
    die berechnete Drehzahl der Pumpe (1) mit einer voreingestellten maximalen Drehzahl der Pumpe (1) zu vergleichen (68) und
    die Pumpe (1) mit der berechneten Drehzahl laufen zu lassen (70), wenn die berechnete Drehzahl niedriger als die voreingestellte maximale Drehzahl ist, oder die Pumpe (1) mit der voreingestellten maximalen Drehzahl laufen zu lassen (72), wenn die berechnete Drehzahl höher als die voreingestellte maximale Drehzahl ist.
  28. Pumpe nach Anspruch 21, wobei die Steuervorrichtung (11) geeignet ist,
    die Pumpe (1) mit einem gewünschten Drehzahlwert laufen zu lassen (82),
    zu bestimmen (84), ob die Leistung des Motors (9) höher als ein vorbestimmter Referenzwert der Leistung des Motors (9) ist, auf der Grundlage der Werte der Leistung des Motors (9), die durch die Erfassungseinrichtung (16) für den gewünschten Drehzahlwert erhalten werden.
  29. Pumpe nach Anspruch 28, wobei die Steuervorrichtung (11) geeignet ist,
    die Pumpe (1) mit dem gewünschten Drehzahlwert laufen zu lassen, wenn bestimmt wird, dass die vorbestimmte Bedingung nicht erfüllt ist, oder
    die Pumpe (1) mit einer vorbestimmten Drehzahl für eine vorbestimmte Zeitperiode rückwärts laufen zu lassen (86) und
    die Pumpe (1) in ihrer normalen Betriebsrichtung mit dem gewünschten Drehzahlwert nach der vorbestimmten Zeitperiode des Rückwärtsbetriebs laufen zu lassen, wenn bestimmt wird, dass die vorbestimmte Bedingung erfüllt ist.
  30. Pumpe nach Anspruch 21, wobei die Steuervorrichtung (11) geeignet ist, in regelmäßigen Abständen während des Betriebs der Pumpe (1):
    die Pumpe (1) mit einer vorbestimmten Drehzahl für eine vorbestimmte Zeitperiode rückwärts laufen zu lassen und
    die Pumpe (1) in ihrer normalen Betriebsrichtung mit einem gewünschten Drehzahlwert nach der vorbestimmten Zeitperiode des Rückwärtsbetriebs laufen zu lassen.
  31. Pumpensystem mit einer Pumpe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 20 bis 30, das ferner aufweist: eine Bedieneinheit (22) mit einer Eingabeeinrichtung (24) und einer Anzeigeeinrichtung (26), die geeignet ist, Informationen über den Betrieb der Pumpe (1) darzustellen.
EP06747903.0A 2005-06-21 2006-06-15 Steuerungssystem für eine pumpe Revoked EP1893874B1 (de)

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PCT/SE2006/000710 WO2006137777A1 (en) 2005-06-21 2006-06-15 Control system for a pump

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AU2006259944A1 (en) 2006-12-28
JP2009510299A (ja) 2009-03-12
EA011044B1 (ru) 2008-12-30
CA2606556A1 (en) 2006-12-28
CA2606556C (en) 2013-11-19
ZA200709008B (en) 2009-09-30
CN101203678B (zh) 2010-12-15
AU2006259944B2 (en) 2011-11-24
US20100034665A1 (en) 2010-02-11
NZ562227A (en) 2011-04-29
IL186295A0 (en) 2008-01-20
KR101284821B1 (ko) 2013-07-10
MY148008A (en) 2013-02-28
KR20080015403A (ko) 2008-02-19
IL186295A (en) 2011-02-28
AP2007004184A0 (en) 2007-10-31
AR054792A1 (es) 2007-07-18
DK1893874T3 (en) 2018-07-02
EA200800095A1 (ru) 2008-04-28
CN101203678A (zh) 2008-06-18
BRPI0612493A2 (pt) 2012-01-03
EP1893874A1 (de) 2008-03-05
NO20080379L (no) 2008-03-19
AP2193A (en) 2011-01-07
JP5017665B2 (ja) 2012-09-05
MX2007014262A (es) 2008-01-22
WO2006136202A1 (en) 2006-12-28
WO2006137777A1 (en) 2006-12-28

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