EP1892473A2 - Dispositif de brûleur doté d'un dispositif de surveillance de flamme - Google Patents

Dispositif de brûleur doté d'un dispositif de surveillance de flamme Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1892473A2
EP1892473A2 EP07016488A EP07016488A EP1892473A2 EP 1892473 A2 EP1892473 A2 EP 1892473A2 EP 07016488 A EP07016488 A EP 07016488A EP 07016488 A EP07016488 A EP 07016488A EP 1892473 A2 EP1892473 A2 EP 1892473A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flame
measuring element
combustion air
burner device
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07016488A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Elmar Ströhle
Peter Wickelmaier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Truma Geraetetechnik GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Truma Geraetetechnik GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Truma Geraetetechnik GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Truma Geraetetechnik GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1892473A2 publication Critical patent/EP1892473A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/725—Protection against flame failure by using flame detection devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2208/00—Control devices associated with burners
    • F23D2208/10—Sensing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/18—Flame sensor cooling means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/14—Vehicle heating, the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for controlling combustion
    • F23N2900/05005—Mounting arrangements for sensing, detecting or measuring devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/14—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermo-sensitive resistors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner device according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • heaters For use in mobile recreational facilities, such as boats, campers or caravans, heaters are known that can be operated with fuel (diesel or gasoline) or gas (LPG, such as propane, butane or mixtures thereof). Advantages of mobile gas heaters include quiet operation, low power consumption and a very low exhaust odor.
  • fuel diesel or gasoline
  • LPG gas
  • Advantages of mobile gas heaters include quiet operation, low power consumption and a very low exhaust odor.
  • liquid fuel heaters it should be noted as positive that they can be fed by the same fuel that is usually present in the fuel tank for driving the recreational vehicle in larger quantities. This can be dispensed with the additional entrainment of LPG cylinders. Due to the odor nuisance caused by the liquid fuels and the resulting exhaust gases, however, special precautions must be taken.
  • the flame in the burner device does not burn correctly or does not burn at all, but still fuel is supplied.
  • the possibly still hot burner then generates so long smoke until finally the fuel supply is interrupted.
  • the smoke formation and the associated odor nuisance is only very short-term for a mobile heating in the leisure sector, acceptable for a few seconds, but not over a longer period of time.
  • Various devices are known with which the presence of a flame in a burner can be monitored.
  • it is known to detect a flame by optical means.
  • a temperature change of the exhaust gas or the flame can be detected, from which then can be concluded that a change in the flame behavior.
  • a mobile fuel heater in which a flame detector (flame sensor) and a glow plug to start the combustion are designed as an integral component.
  • the flame sensor sits directly in the flame and thus provides a very fast signal for the flame detection.
  • the disadvantage are the extremely high sensor temperatures in the flame and the fact that the sensor is destroyed by deposits in the combustion chamber or the signal quality is reduced by deposits on the sensor and / or by a displacement of the flame resulting from the deposits.
  • thermocouple in the exhaust line, ie downstream of the flame.
  • the long response time of the sensor is disadvantageous because the flame can not be monitored directly.
  • the sensor is located in an installation environment that is strongly heated by the exhaust gas.
  • a safe distinction is only possible after a longer measurement period (for example, five minutes). However, as stated above, such a long period of time is unacceptable due to the associated potential for smoke and odor.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a burner device with a reliable flame detection.
  • a burner device comprising a fuel supply for supplying fuel, a combustion air supply for supplying combustion air, in particular primary combustion air, a mixing region for forming a mixture of the fuel with the combustion air, a combustion chamber adjoining the mixing region, in which the mixture is in the form of a Flame is combustible to an exhaust gas and with a measuring element for detecting a parameter, which is a criterion for the presence of the flame, characterized in that the measuring element is arranged upstream of the exhaust gas stream in a region which is a through the combustion air has conditional oxygen excess, and that the measuring element is held by a holder, at which the combustion air is passed before reaching the flame.
  • the burner apparatus is supplied with primary combustion air via the combustion air supply. It is readily possible that the flame also so-called secondary combustion air is supplied, but which comes from the environment of the flame and is not enriched with fuel. As a result, the secondary combustion air can also be mixed, for example, with the exhaust gas flow, that is to say the reaction products produced by the flame.
  • the primary combustion air is selectively fed to the burner apparatus and enriched in the mixing area with fuel (for example, diesel or gasoline).
  • fuel is vaporized in a suitable manner known per se, for example via a metal fleece, so that it can be guided in gaseous or vaporous form from the combustion air to the flame.
  • the combustion chamber adjoining the mixing area does not have to be spatially separated from the mixing area by structural measures. Rather, the combustion chamber results from the flow conditions, in particular by the flow rate of the combustion air and the exhaust gas.
  • the combustion chamber surrounds the area where the flame is formed.
  • the measuring element is used to detect a parameter by means of which the presence of the flame can be detected. This is for example - as known from the prior art - a change in temperature, a certain brightness when the flame is burning or the detection of ionization processes that take place during the combustion in the flame.
  • the measuring element is not arranged - as in the prior art - in the exhaust stream or in the middle of the flame, but upstream thereof.
  • the measuring element is arranged in a region in which an excess of oxygen is achieved, which is achieved by the primary combustion air.
  • This can be the area in which the combustion air is supplied or also an "initial area" of the flame (flame root) in which there is still an excess of oxygen due to the combustion air.
  • the oxygen surplus of the combustion air becomes downstream in the flame degraded because the oxygen is largely reduced by the hydrocarbons of the fuel.
  • the flame temperature is much higher, so the sensing element should not be located there.
  • the measuring element is held by a holder which is arranged such that the combustion air is passed before reaching the flame at her.
  • the measuring element can be an independent, held by a separate holder component.
  • the measuring element with the holder in a common component, such as a PT1000 temperature measuring element be integrated into a flame sensor. Therefore, only the region of a sensor which is effective for the actual measurement is considered as the measuring element, for example a resistance element whose resistance value changes with temperature change.
  • the surrounding components which embed, protect and hold the measuring element (for example, the resistor) and take over the power supply and signal derivation, are added to the mounting.
  • the holder can protrude into the region of the flame, in which the excess of oxygen due to the combustion air is given.
  • the measuring element is exposed to much lower temperatures than is known in prior art measuring elements, which are positioned in the center of the flame or in the hot exhaust area.
  • At least 30% of the combustion air can be conducted past the measuring element and / or on the holder. This means that at least 30% of the combustion air can be used to cool the measuring element or the holder.
  • the term combustion air is commonly used and may include both primary and secondary combustion air.
  • the measuring element or the holder can thus be cooled by both primary and secondary combustion air.
  • the measuring element can be completely flowed around by the combustion air.
  • the measuring element is held by the holder completely upstream of the flame in the combustion air flow.
  • the measuring element can be arranged in the region of a flame boundary existing between the flame and the combustion air, so that the measuring element can, for example, partially dip into the flame boundary. In this area, the required, due to the combustion air oxygen excess is present.
  • the flame boundary can be easily seen with the naked eye and marks the area where the flame is created and from which the flame emanates.
  • the Flammsky is also called Flammwurzel. At stable flow conditions, the position of the flame boundary will also be relatively stable, while the downstream flame ends may usually have a higher variability due to the flickering of the flame.
  • the measuring element can be arranged such that a visual contact between the measuring element and the flame is given. Due to the fact that the measuring element upstream of the exhaust gas flow and also of the largest part of the flame - may even be located completely upstream of the flame - must be arranged, the measuring element is not flowed around by hot gas. For a temperature measurement of the flame or the exhaust gas by convection is indeed possible, but not mandatory. Rather, the heat generated in the flame must be detected in the form of radiant heat. The radiant heat can be detected particularly reliably when the required visual contact between the measuring element and the flame exists.
  • the visual contact should be as large as possible, so that no disturbing components such as screens or grids between the flame and the measuring element are arranged.
  • the space between the measuring element and the part of the flame whose radiant heat is to be detected should therefore remain free of further components.
  • a fictitious measuring cone with a cone angle of at least 60 ° virtually describes the space which should not have any further components between the measuring element and the flame.
  • the parameter to be detected by the measuring element may be selected from the group temperature, radiation, presence of gas ions.
  • the measuring element can be designed as a temperature measuring element, for example as PT1000 sensor (measuring range up to about 500 ° C). It is therefore not necessary to provide a special high-temperature sensor. If a high temperature, which does not have to exceed 600 ° C, is detected by the transmitted radiant heat, this is considered as a criterion for the presence of the flame. However, if the temperature falls below a value to be defined beforehand, it is concluded that there is no more flame. The fuel supply is then to interrupt.
  • PT1000 sensor measuring range up to about 500 ° C
  • the measuring element can also be designed for detecting radiation, for example for optically detecting the brightness, that is to say the light emitted by the flame.
  • the light radiation can be in the visible range, but also in the range of UV or infrared radiation. If the area around the measuring element is bright, a flame must be present. Thus, an optical detection of the flame is possible.
  • a flicker detector can be used, which detects radiation fluctuations in the visible, UV or IR range and deduces the presence of a flame.
  • the measuring element As a further alternative, it is possible to form the measuring element as Ionisationsweller.
  • the ionization probe is able to detect ionization processes in the flame which occur during the combustion process. However, it is a prerequisite that the sensor is located in the area of the flame, but in compliance with the above rules. Accordingly, the part of the ionization sensor (measuring element) which is relevant for the measurement should not be positioned in the hot center of the flame or even downstream of it, but in the initial area of the flame which is cooler due to the supply of combustion air, where the required oxygen excess is present.
  • the measuring element delivers a signal which is evaluated by a controller which is not to be explained in more detail. If the controller detects that a flame is present, no control measures must be taken. If, on the other hand, the flame is extinguished or does not form after a predefined period of time during the starting process, the absence of the flame is detected by the measuring element and then recognized by the controller. The controller can then take action, such as interrupting the fuel supply to prevent odor and smoke formation. Similarly, the controller may issue an audible or visual signal to the operator to alert him to the extinction of the flame.
  • a nonwoven evaporator for evaporating the liquid fuel may be provided in the mixing area.
  • the nonwoven evaporator for example an annular metal fleece, is supplied with fuel from one side in droplets. Due to the heat of the flame in the combustion chamber, the metal fleece is heated in such a way that the fuel evaporates and is conveyed onwards by the approaching combustion air. He mixes with the combustion air and is finally burned in the flame.
  • the combustion air supply may comprise a swirling device to produce a flow swirl and thus a vortex-shaped flow of the combustion air upon entering the mixing region.
  • the swirling flow of the combustion air mixes the fuel more reliably and more uniformly with the combustion air, which ensures improved combustion.
  • the measuring element with the holder can, for. B. inserted from the "back" in the flame and as far into the mixing area or the combustion chamber are introduced, that the measuring element allows direct measurement of Strahlunstage the flame.
  • the measuring element is at least partially streamed by the combustion air (fresh air) or even completely flows around it, so that a targeted deflection of the flame takes place away from the measuring element.
  • the flow of combustion air can be formed concentrically around the measuring element, but also in the form of a "curtain".
  • the measuring element has no or only minimal contact with the flame boundary and can therefore either measure the radiant heat of the flame at the shortest distance, without assuming the high flame temperatures, or can only enter the extreme tip of the measuring element in FIG immerse the combustion air flow deliberately shaped flame border.
  • the heat introduced into the measuring element and the combustion air flowing around keep the measuring element in a thermal equilibrium.
  • the measuring element can be placed with millimeter precision relative to the flame or the flame boundary, so that the heat distribution in the measuring element and the holder and thus allow the absolute temperature of the measuring element set optimally.
  • the measured temperature remains almost constant at the sensor.
  • a higher burner output with greater radiant heat from the flame faces a higher (cooling) volume flow through the combustion air.
  • the acting on the measuring element and the holder heating and cooling mechanism is therefore ineffective, so that the temperature level hardly changes at the measuring element.
  • the oxygen surplus on the measuring element ensures that no formation of soot can affect the measurement result.
  • the targeted flow around the measuring element with clean combustion air can also be formed a protective sheath against other deposits.
  • the holder Since the holder is arranged in an area which is at least partially cooled by the combustion air, it is very easy to keep cables that must be guided to the measuring element, without particularly high temperature load.
  • the measuring element can be arranged at a position in which a higher flow velocity is achieved by shaping the mixing region or the combustion chamber than downstream thereof.
  • the flow rate of the combustion air in this area may be higher than the subsequent flame propagation speed. This will ensure that the flame does not flash back.
  • the bracket may be attached to a back wall of the burner, at which, by design, significantly lower temperatures are present.
  • FIGURE shows a cross section through an embodiment of the burner device according to the invention.
  • the figure shows a simplified cross-sectional view of a burner device according to the invention.
  • a combustion air supply 1 primary combustion air 2 is supplied.
  • swirl vanes 3 serving as swirling means can be provided, which provide the combustion air flow with a swirl, so that the combustion air 2 is guided in a vortex-shaped manner into a mixing area 4.
  • a fuel supply for supplying fuel is provided, which is exemplified by metal webs 5.
  • the metal webs 5 may be annular and placed at different locations. The positions shown in the figure are therefore only illustrative.
  • a multi-slotted wall 4a is provided in the mixing area 4.
  • Combustion air 2 can also flow into the outer region through the slots and thus reach the outer metal fleece 5 shown in the FIGURE.
  • the metal fleece 5 is supplied from the outside fuel, which evaporates in the metal fleece 5.
  • the vaporized fuel is entrained by the swirling combustion air 2, so that the resulting mixture reaches a combustion chamber 6, which is enclosed by a flame tube 7.
  • a flame 8 is formed in a known manner. Upstream of the flame 8, a flame front or flame boundary 9 can be seen, which is kept relatively stable by the prevailing flow conditions in the mixing area 4 and combustion chamber 6.
  • the flame boundary 9 represents the area where the combustion process begins. There is an excess of oxygen due to the incoming combustion air 2.
  • a diaphragm 10 is further arranged in the flame tube 7.
  • the resulting in the flame 8 exhaust gas is discharged upward and can be supplied, for example, a heat exchanger, which may be part of a heater, for example, a mobile usable heater for motorhomes and caravans.
  • a flame sensor 11 is arranged in the interior of the mixing area 4 in such a way that its measuring element 12 relevant for the measurement comes as close as possible to the flame 8, but without penetrating into the flame 8.
  • the measuring element 12 is thus located near the flame boundary 9 in the region of the inflow of combustion air 2.
  • the measuring element 12 is held by a holder 13 belonging to the flame sensor 11.
  • the measuring element 12 and the holder 13 form the flame sensor 11 as an integral component, which can be formed for example by a commercially available temperature sensor (PT1000) with protective tube.
  • PT1000 commercially available temperature sensor
  • the flame sensor 11 is attached via a fastening 14 to a burner back 15. From there supply voltage and signal lines 16 can be dissipated.
  • the combustion air 2 flows around the flame sensor 11 before it reaches the flame 8. Since the combustion air 2 comes from the environment, it is initially cold and thus cools the holder 13 and the measuring element 12. This is due to the measuring element 12 at a temperature which is considerably lower than the temperatures in the flame 8. The measuring element 12 registered only the radiant heat resulting from the flame 8. However, the measuring element 12 does not come into contact with hot gases in the flame 8 or in the exhaust gas.
  • the flame sensor 11 may be formed by an ionization sensor. Since the ionization sensor is instructed to come into contact with the gas ions generated in the flame, the sensing element 12 located at the tip of the flame sensor 11 must be positioned in the flame 8. It is sufficient, however, to place the measuring element 12 in the region of the flame boundary 9, where combustion processes and thus ionization are already taking place, but an excess of oxygen due to the oncoming combustion air 2 is still present.
  • the holder 13 serves as a heat sink for the measuring element 12, so that the measuring element 12, although arranged in the region of the flame roots at the flame boundary 9, is cooled and a lower temperature is applied than in the flame 8 ,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
EP07016488A 2006-08-24 2007-08-22 Dispositif de brûleur doté d'un dispositif de surveillance de flamme Withdrawn EP1892473A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006039603A DE102006039603A1 (de) 2006-08-24 2006-08-24 Brennervorrichtung mit Einrichtung zum Überwachen einer Flamme

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1892473A2 true EP1892473A2 (fr) 2008-02-27

Family

ID=38739378

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07016488A Withdrawn EP1892473A2 (fr) 2006-08-24 2007-08-22 Dispositif de brûleur doté d'un dispositif de surveillance de flamme

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1892473A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006039603A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD905217S1 (en) 2018-09-05 2020-12-15 Dometic Sweden Ab Air conditioning apparatus
USD907183S1 (en) 2016-11-23 2021-01-05 Dometic Sweden Ab Air conditioning apparatus
US11772452B2 (en) 2017-11-16 2023-10-03 Dometic Sweden Ab Air conditioning apparatus for recreational vehicles
US12043081B2 (en) 2019-10-17 2024-07-23 Dometic Sweden Ab Air conditioning apparatus for recreational vehicles

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018005192B3 (de) 2018-07-02 2019-12-05 Truma Gerätetechnik GmbH & Co. KG Brennervorrichtung

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1064670B (de) * 1956-05-12 1959-09-03 Licentia Gmbh Elektrische UEberwachungsvorrichtung fuer OElfeuerungen
DE29924803U1 (de) * 1999-10-23 2005-12-01 Webasto Ag Brennerbetriebenes Heizgerät mit Flammwächter in Gestalt eines Thermoelements
DE10218623B4 (de) * 2002-04-25 2004-03-25 Webasto Thermosysteme International Gmbh Zerstäuberbrenner für ein Heizgerät

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD907183S1 (en) 2016-11-23 2021-01-05 Dometic Sweden Ab Air conditioning apparatus
US11772452B2 (en) 2017-11-16 2023-10-03 Dometic Sweden Ab Air conditioning apparatus for recreational vehicles
USD905217S1 (en) 2018-09-05 2020-12-15 Dometic Sweden Ab Air conditioning apparatus
USD944374S1 (en) 2018-09-05 2022-02-22 Dometic Sweden Ab Air conditioning apparatus
US12043081B2 (en) 2019-10-17 2024-07-23 Dometic Sweden Ab Air conditioning apparatus for recreational vehicles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102006039603A1 (de) 2008-02-28

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