EP3933267A1 - Procédé de surveillance d'une flamme dans une chambre de combustion de brûleur - Google Patents
Procédé de surveillance d'une flamme dans une chambre de combustion de brûleur Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3933267A1 EP3933267A1 EP21180208.7A EP21180208A EP3933267A1 EP 3933267 A1 EP3933267 A1 EP 3933267A1 EP 21180208 A EP21180208 A EP 21180208A EP 3933267 A1 EP3933267 A1 EP 3933267A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- flame
- ist
- ignition
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- ACGUYXCXAPNIKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachlorophene Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1CC1=C(O)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl ACGUYXCXAPNIKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010053615 Thermal burn Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001156002 Anthonomus pomorum Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000023077 detection of light stimulus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
- F23N5/022—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2225/00—Measuring
- F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
- F23N2227/02—Starting or ignition cycles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for monitoring a flame in a combustion chamber of a burner and to a device for carrying out the method, the burner preferably being a gas-operated burner.
- Sensors based on ionization are mostly used for the detection of a flame fed with natural gas or with another gas comprising hydrocarbons. Since there is no ionization that can be measured with the currently widespread methods during the combustion of hydrogen, especially due to the lack of carbon atoms, a flame from a hydrogen combustion cannot be detected.
- a sight glass or the like is usually necessary for the use of a UV sensor in order to be able to detect radiation from the combustion chamber at all. Such sight glasses are accordingly susceptible to contamination, so that the detection of the flame becomes even more unreliable.
- the flame of a pure hydrogen combustion is also not visible to the human eye, as it radiates in the ultra-violet range, whereby a noticeable glow can still occur due to contamination or the specific gas mixture during the combustion. Furthermore, the combustion rate is very high, so that the flames can spread quickly and misfires can easily occur.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method and an associated device by means of which the presence and extinction of a flame can be reliably detected, especially in the case of hydrogen combustion, and appropriate measures can be initiated to reduce the dangers arising from an extinguished flame.
- a method for monitoring a flame in a combustion chamber of a burner and preferably of a gas-operated burner is proposed.
- the flame can also be referred to as a gas flame.
- a large number of flames are often present in the burner, which are also included in the following, which is referred to as a flame for the sake of simplicity.
- the method is carried out with an evaluation unit and a temperature sensor arranged in the combustion chamber. The flame is during an ignition process in which the flame is ignited, a start-up process in which a temperature of the flame rises to a minimum temperature, and continuous operation in which the temperature of the flame is above the minimum temperature, monitored for its presence or extinction.
- an actual temperature be determined by the temperature sensor during the ignition process, the start-up process and the continuous operation, in particular continuously and preferably continuously or at discrete predetermined time intervals.
- An actual temperature profile can also be obtained from a large number of determined actual temperatures, which can be stored in the evaluation unit.
- the evaluation unit compares the actual temperature with a respective limit value specific to the ignition process, the start-up process and the continuous operation or a limit value curve which is stored or determined in the evaluation unit for the ignition process, the start-up process and the continuous operation will. The evaluation unit determines or uses the comparison result to determine whether the flame is present or has gone out is.
- the basic idea is therefore to first monitor the flame in the various phases of combustion by comparing the actual temperature and parameters specific to the respective phase, so that it can be recognized at an early stage whether the flame has gone out.
- the method according to the invention preferably relates to the combustion of hydrogen gas or to the combustion of a gas mixture comprising hydrogen gas, the method also being usable for other gases or gas mixtures, so that the method or a device or burner implementing the method burn different gases can and can be used universally.
- the method can also be used to monitor a flame in other fuels. For example, a flame during the combustion of liquid fuels such as heating oil or solid fuels such as pellets can also be monitored using the method according to the invention.
- the features explained below can also be transferred to the monitoring of a flame in a combustion chamber of a burner operated with liquid or solid fuels.
- the flame can also be monitored with different temperature profiles.
- the temperature sensor can be arranged in such a way that it is arranged outside or inside the flame during all phases of the combustion. Since the size of the flame can change in particular during the transition between the phases of combustion or during these, it is also possible to specifically arrange the temperature sensor in the combustion chamber so that it is outside the flame in a first phase and inside the flame in a second phase.
- thermocouple is preferably used as the temperature sensor.
- several temperature sensors for example two, can also be used to increase safety, with their measured sensor values being used individually or jointly as the actual temperature.
- a plausibility check can be provided, for example, by means of which it is checked whether the measured values are plausible, so that only correct measured values are used as the actual temperature.
- An advantageous variant of the method also provides that the evaluation unit compares the actual temperature determined continuously or at regular intervals during the ignition process with an ignition temperature as the first limit value. Furthermore, the evaluation unit recognizes or evaluates the flame as present and thus the ignition process as successful if the actual temperature rises above the ignition temperature within a predetermined ignition time. In addition, the evaluation unit recognizes or evaluates the flame as extinguished if the actual temperature does not rise above the ignition temperature within the predetermined ignition time. For this purpose, the comparison of the actual temperature with the ignition temperature can take place continuously until the ignition time has elapsed or, alternatively, once at or when the ignition time has elapsed.
- Ignition time and ignition temperature can be stored in the evaluation unit depending on the gas, gas mixture or general fuel to be ignited or burned, as well as depending on the position of the temperature sensor, and can be selected depending on the respective gas, gas mixture or fuel. The selection can also be made automatically as a function of the valve positions of the valves producing the mixture or automatically by a control device.
- the evaluation unit determines this, in particular continuously or at regular intervals Compares the actual temperature during the start-up process with a time-specific start-up temperature of a start-up temperature profile, which preferably increases over time, as a second limit value.
- a recorded actual temperature is compared with a start-up temperature corresponding in time to this, which was taken from the start-up temperature profile, which can also be referred to as the start-up temperature curve or profile.
- the evaluation unit recognizes or evaluates the flame as present when the actual temperature is above the start-up temperature, and as extinguished when the actual temperature is below the start-up temperature.
- the respective start-up temperature or the start-up temperature profile thus in each case specifies minimum values which the flame must have at least at a specific time.
- the start-up temperature profile can in turn be selected specifically according to the gas, gas mixture or fuel to be burned, the selection being made by means of the valve positions of the valves determining the gas, gas mixture or fuel or the control device.
- the evaluation unit is designed in such a way that it stores the actual temperature, preferably determined continuously or at regular intervals, as a comparison temperature during continuous operation and compares a current actual temperature with a past actual temperature stored as a comparison temperature as a third limit value .
- the evaluation unit recognizes or evaluates the flame as being present when the actual temperature is above the comparison temperature, and as extinguished when the actual temperature is below the comparison temperature.
- the actual temperature is preferably set with a value offset that reduces the temperature stored so that there is a time offset and a value offset between the current actual temperature and the comparison temperature.
- the value offset is in particular in a range from 1 to 10 K, in particular 3 to 7 K and further in particular 4 to 6 K.
- a tolerance can also be taken into account when comparing the values.
- an advantageous development of the method provides that the combustion chamber is flooded with air or another suitable gas or gas mixture before the ignition process, so that any explosive or combustible mixtures that may be present are displaced from the combustion chamber and there is no uncontrolled combustion or explosion may occur.
- a gas, gas mixture or fuel feeding the flame is fed to the combustion chamber during the ignition process, the start-up process and the continuous operation.
- the gas is hydrogen gas and preferably 100% hydrogen gas. In the case of combustion of a gas mixture, this is in particular partly hydrogen gas.
- the gas or the gas mixture is fed into the combustion chamber, for example, via a gas line or a gas lance.
- the gas mixture preferably comprises 0-10% or 10-30% or 30-60% hydrogen gas.
- the gas mixture can also change during operation of the burner, and the method according to the invention can be dynamically adapted to this.
- the process can also be used not only for the combustion of hydrogen gases, but also works reliably with a wide variety of other gases or gas mixtures. For example, natural gas or a gas mixture comprising natural gas can also be burned, or the flame of such a combustion can be detected.
- the gas, gas mixture or fuel supplied to the combustion chamber during the ignition process is ignited by means of a preferably electrical ignition device.
- the supply of gas, gas mixture or fuel is stopped when it is recognized that the flame has extinguished.
- the feed is preferably stopped immediately as soon as the extinction has been recognized.
- further measures can be taken to prevent uncontrolled ignition and to prepare for a renewed controlled ignition.
- the admixing or supply of individual components can also merely be stopped, so that, for example, only air is blown into the combustion chamber.
- a supplied volume flow of the gas, gas mixture or fuel is increased, preferably following a predetermined course or profile. This also applies additionally or alternatively as long as the flame is recognized as being present during the start-up process. Further measures can also be taken. For example, the gas mixture can be changed.
- the ignition time is preferably in a range from 1 to 10 seconds, in particular 2 to 5 seconds and more particularly 2 to 3 seconds.
- the ignition time is particularly advantageously 3 seconds.
- the ignition temperature is also preferably in a range from 5 to 50 K, in particular 10 to 15 K and further in particular 11 to 13 K higher than a comparison temperature determined by the temperature sensor immediately before the ignition process. In other words, during the ignition process, it must be within a predetermined time or when the predetermined time has elapsed For example, a temperature increase of at least 12 K can be detected in a time of 3 seconds, for example, in order to identify the flame as present and the ignition process as successful.
- the start-up temperature profile is preferably a predetermined temperature curve which is also preferably stored in the evaluation unit and which in particular reflects a desired combustion or a desired start-up.
- different temperature curves can be stored for different operating or combustion modes or for different gases, gas mixtures or fuels, which can be selected to suit the intended combustion. Since the combustion is to be ramped up quickly during the start-up process and the combustion temperature is to be increased, the start-up temperature stored in the start-up curve also preferably rises over time.
- the starting temperature profile can alternatively be a temperature curve that is determined by a preferably mathematical model and optionally dynamically adaptable, or an individual temperature that is determined for the respective comparison point in time.
- the start-up temperature or temperature curve can be a temperature inside or outside the flame and is in particular matched to the position of the temperature sensor. In particular, if the calculation or determination is provided using a model, this can take additional operating parameters into account.
- a fan speed of a fan conveying the gas, the fuel or the gas mixture into the burner or the valve position of one or more valves determining the gas mixture can also be taken into account.
- the actual temperatures determined by the temperature sensor during start-up monitoring can preferably be used in the evaluation unit and in particular are saved with the respective times. For example, only the actual temperatures of an intended start-up process can be stored in which the flame does not go out. The stored actual temperatures can then be used to determine or calculate the temperature curve used as the starting temperature profile or to verify or improve the model. In addition to the actual temperatures, the other operating parameters of the burner or the components that determine the operating parameters, such as valves or fans, can also be stored and then evaluated.
- the start-up monitoring is preferably carried out until the actual temperature determined by the temperature sensor reaches the minimum temperature or is above this for the first time or permanently.
- the minimum temperature based on the combustion of hydrogen gas is preferably at least 280 ° C.
- the current actual temperature is preferably in a range from 0.1 to 1.0 seconds, in particular in a range from 0.2 to 0.5 seconds and more particularly in a range from 0.3 to 0.4 seconds Compare the past actual temperature previously saved as the comparison temperature.
- the past actual temperature stored as a comparison temperature can be recorded as short as possible before the current actual temperature, i.e. with the smallest possible time offset of, for example, a maximum of 1.0 seconds, the value offset or any tolerance being matched to the time offset, see above that a maximum tolerable fluctuation of the actual temperature compared to the reference temperature is defined by the time and value offset.
- the respective limit value specific for the ignition process, the start-up process and the continuous operation or the limit value curve is also preferably dependent on the operating parameters of the burner, such as the volume flow, the exact gas, gas mixture or fuel or the number of revolutions of an associated fan. Furthermore, valve positions can be taken into account, through which the volume flow and / or the gas mixture are determined.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a device for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- a device for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- Such a device comprises an evaluation unit and at least one temperature sensor arranged in the combustion chamber.
- the device preferably comprises a valve or a plurality of valves or a valve arrangement for producing the gas mixture and for controlling the volume flow of the gas, gas mixture or fuel.
- FIG. 1 a schematic diagram of a burner 1 with a combustion chamber 10, a gas lance 13 protruding into the combustion chamber 10, a blower 14 having a Venturi nozzle and a fan and a valve 15 determining a gas mixture is shown.
- the fan 14 and the Venturi nozzle not shown but arranged in fan 14, is mixed with air flowing along flow 17 with a gas or gas mixture supplied through line 16, the amount of gas or gas mixture being determined by valve 15, which is preferably designed as a proportional valve.
- the mixture of air and gas or air and gas mixture produced in this way flows along the flow 18 through the gas lance 13 into the combustion chamber 10, for example flowing out through a large number of holes provided in the gas lance 13.
- the gas mixture flowing through the holes in the gas lance 13 is ignited, so that a large number of flames 11 or, in simplified terms, a flame 11 is formed, which must be monitored to prevent uncontrolled behavior of the burner 1 and in particular uncontrolled combustion or explosion to prevent.
- At least one temperature sensor 12 is provided in the combustion chamber 10 and, for reasons of safety, preferably two or generally more temperature sensors 12, wherein, for example, a plurality of measuring or sensor heads determining an actual temperature can also be integrated in a temperature sensor 12.
- a start-up process II in which a temperature of the flame 11 rises to a minimum temperature
- a continuous operation III in which the temperature of the flame 11 is above the minimum temperature
- the flame 11 is monitored for its presence or its extinction, an individual or continuous temperature comparison being made in each case.
- the respective operating conditions and the temperature-specific behavior of the flame 11 must be taken into account, so that the comparison to be made deviates from one another during the different phases.
- the actual temperature T IST is set with a Ignition temperature T GI compared, the ignition temperature T GI being a temperature determined before or at the start of the ignition process plus a predetermined temperature difference of 12 K, for example.
- the flame 11 is determined to be not extinguished or burning.
- the course of the actual temperature T IST is as in Figure 2 visible, not just parallel to the starting temperature curve T G-II , but can deviate from such a minimum requirement, in particular as time t progresses.
- the combustion switches to continuous operation III.
- a predetermined temperature should be maintained here.
- the actual actual temperature T IST can, however, fluctuate depending on various environmental influences or environmental conditions.
- an actual temperature previously stored with a time and value offset that is to say, a past actual temperature , is used as the comparison temperature T G-III.
- the actual temperature T IST is therefore recorded and stored at a first point in time x or recorded and reduced by a predetermined temperature value, such as 5 K, and saved.
- the then current actual temperature T IST is reduced directly during the comparison with the previous actual temperature T IST , which was reduced by the predetermined value, or with a tolerance is applied, compared. If the current temperature T is lower G-III used as the past and as a comparison temperature T actual temperature T act is recognized, the flame 11 and lapsed.
- Such a time-shifted and value-shifted storage of the comparison temperature T G-III during continuous operation III is indicated by the vector arrows in FIG Figure 2 indicated.
- comparison time t III An example of a comparison time t III is given, a comparison taking place continuously, that is to say continuously, or at predetermined time intervals. A clear drop in the actual temperature T IST below the comparison temperature T G-III is visible on the right-hand edge area of the curve, so that it disappears here the flame 11 would be detected.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102020117348.2A DE102020117348A1 (de) | 2020-07-01 | 2020-07-01 | Verfahren zur Überwachung einer Flamme in einem Brennraum eines Brenners |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3933267A1 true EP3933267A1 (fr) | 2022-01-05 |
Family
ID=76522862
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP21180208.7A Pending EP3933267A1 (fr) | 2020-07-01 | 2021-06-18 | Procédé de surveillance d'une flamme dans une chambre de combustion de brûleur |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3933267A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102020117348A1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0346829A1 (fr) * | 1988-06-15 | 1989-12-20 | Firma J. Eberspächer | Dispositif de chauffage à plusieurs niveaux de puissance pour voitures |
DE19903305A1 (de) * | 1999-01-28 | 2000-08-10 | Webasto Thermosysteme Gmbh | Verfahren zur Flammüberwachung in einem Fahrzeugheizgerät |
EP1992877A2 (fr) * | 2007-05-16 | 2008-11-19 | J. Eberspächer GmbH Co. KG | Procédé de surveillance de flamme dans un appareil de chauffage combustible |
US20140212821A1 (en) * | 2010-05-05 | 2014-07-31 | 7794754 Canada Inc. | Ignition system for flame emitting apparatus |
-
2020
- 2020-07-01 DE DE102020117348.2A patent/DE102020117348A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-06-18 EP EP21180208.7A patent/EP3933267A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0346829A1 (fr) * | 1988-06-15 | 1989-12-20 | Firma J. Eberspächer | Dispositif de chauffage à plusieurs niveaux de puissance pour voitures |
DE19903305A1 (de) * | 1999-01-28 | 2000-08-10 | Webasto Thermosysteme Gmbh | Verfahren zur Flammüberwachung in einem Fahrzeugheizgerät |
EP1992877A2 (fr) * | 2007-05-16 | 2008-11-19 | J. Eberspächer GmbH Co. KG | Procédé de surveillance de flamme dans un appareil de chauffage combustible |
US20140212821A1 (en) * | 2010-05-05 | 2014-07-31 | 7794754 Canada Inc. | Ignition system for flame emitting apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102020117348A1 (de) | 2022-01-05 |
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