EP3933267A1 - Procédé de surveillance d'une flamme dans une chambre de combustion de brûleur - Google Patents

Procédé de surveillance d'une flamme dans une chambre de combustion de brûleur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP3933267A1
EP3933267A1 EP21180208.7A EP21180208A EP3933267A1 EP 3933267 A1 EP3933267 A1 EP 3933267A1 EP 21180208 A EP21180208 A EP 21180208A EP 3933267 A1 EP3933267 A1 EP 3933267A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
flame
ist
ignition
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21180208.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Paulus Kuipers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ebm Papst Landshut GmbH
Original Assignee
Ebm Papst Landshut GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ebm Papst Landshut GmbH filed Critical Ebm Papst Landshut GmbH
Publication of EP3933267A1 publication Critical patent/EP3933267A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/022—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/02—Starting or ignition cycles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring a flame in a combustion chamber of a burner and to a device for carrying out the method, the burner preferably being a gas-operated burner.
  • Sensors based on ionization are mostly used for the detection of a flame fed with natural gas or with another gas comprising hydrocarbons. Since there is no ionization that can be measured with the currently widespread methods during the combustion of hydrogen, especially due to the lack of carbon atoms, a flame from a hydrogen combustion cannot be detected.
  • a sight glass or the like is usually necessary for the use of a UV sensor in order to be able to detect radiation from the combustion chamber at all. Such sight glasses are accordingly susceptible to contamination, so that the detection of the flame becomes even more unreliable.
  • the flame of a pure hydrogen combustion is also not visible to the human eye, as it radiates in the ultra-violet range, whereby a noticeable glow can still occur due to contamination or the specific gas mixture during the combustion. Furthermore, the combustion rate is very high, so that the flames can spread quickly and misfires can easily occur.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method and an associated device by means of which the presence and extinction of a flame can be reliably detected, especially in the case of hydrogen combustion, and appropriate measures can be initiated to reduce the dangers arising from an extinguished flame.
  • a method for monitoring a flame in a combustion chamber of a burner and preferably of a gas-operated burner is proposed.
  • the flame can also be referred to as a gas flame.
  • a large number of flames are often present in the burner, which are also included in the following, which is referred to as a flame for the sake of simplicity.
  • the method is carried out with an evaluation unit and a temperature sensor arranged in the combustion chamber. The flame is during an ignition process in which the flame is ignited, a start-up process in which a temperature of the flame rises to a minimum temperature, and continuous operation in which the temperature of the flame is above the minimum temperature, monitored for its presence or extinction.
  • an actual temperature be determined by the temperature sensor during the ignition process, the start-up process and the continuous operation, in particular continuously and preferably continuously or at discrete predetermined time intervals.
  • An actual temperature profile can also be obtained from a large number of determined actual temperatures, which can be stored in the evaluation unit.
  • the evaluation unit compares the actual temperature with a respective limit value specific to the ignition process, the start-up process and the continuous operation or a limit value curve which is stored or determined in the evaluation unit for the ignition process, the start-up process and the continuous operation will. The evaluation unit determines or uses the comparison result to determine whether the flame is present or has gone out is.
  • the basic idea is therefore to first monitor the flame in the various phases of combustion by comparing the actual temperature and parameters specific to the respective phase, so that it can be recognized at an early stage whether the flame has gone out.
  • the method according to the invention preferably relates to the combustion of hydrogen gas or to the combustion of a gas mixture comprising hydrogen gas, the method also being usable for other gases or gas mixtures, so that the method or a device or burner implementing the method burn different gases can and can be used universally.
  • the method can also be used to monitor a flame in other fuels. For example, a flame during the combustion of liquid fuels such as heating oil or solid fuels such as pellets can also be monitored using the method according to the invention.
  • the features explained below can also be transferred to the monitoring of a flame in a combustion chamber of a burner operated with liquid or solid fuels.
  • the flame can also be monitored with different temperature profiles.
  • the temperature sensor can be arranged in such a way that it is arranged outside or inside the flame during all phases of the combustion. Since the size of the flame can change in particular during the transition between the phases of combustion or during these, it is also possible to specifically arrange the temperature sensor in the combustion chamber so that it is outside the flame in a first phase and inside the flame in a second phase.
  • thermocouple is preferably used as the temperature sensor.
  • several temperature sensors for example two, can also be used to increase safety, with their measured sensor values being used individually or jointly as the actual temperature.
  • a plausibility check can be provided, for example, by means of which it is checked whether the measured values are plausible, so that only correct measured values are used as the actual temperature.
  • An advantageous variant of the method also provides that the evaluation unit compares the actual temperature determined continuously or at regular intervals during the ignition process with an ignition temperature as the first limit value. Furthermore, the evaluation unit recognizes or evaluates the flame as present and thus the ignition process as successful if the actual temperature rises above the ignition temperature within a predetermined ignition time. In addition, the evaluation unit recognizes or evaluates the flame as extinguished if the actual temperature does not rise above the ignition temperature within the predetermined ignition time. For this purpose, the comparison of the actual temperature with the ignition temperature can take place continuously until the ignition time has elapsed or, alternatively, once at or when the ignition time has elapsed.
  • Ignition time and ignition temperature can be stored in the evaluation unit depending on the gas, gas mixture or general fuel to be ignited or burned, as well as depending on the position of the temperature sensor, and can be selected depending on the respective gas, gas mixture or fuel. The selection can also be made automatically as a function of the valve positions of the valves producing the mixture or automatically by a control device.
  • the evaluation unit determines this, in particular continuously or at regular intervals Compares the actual temperature during the start-up process with a time-specific start-up temperature of a start-up temperature profile, which preferably increases over time, as a second limit value.
  • a recorded actual temperature is compared with a start-up temperature corresponding in time to this, which was taken from the start-up temperature profile, which can also be referred to as the start-up temperature curve or profile.
  • the evaluation unit recognizes or evaluates the flame as present when the actual temperature is above the start-up temperature, and as extinguished when the actual temperature is below the start-up temperature.
  • the respective start-up temperature or the start-up temperature profile thus in each case specifies minimum values which the flame must have at least at a specific time.
  • the start-up temperature profile can in turn be selected specifically according to the gas, gas mixture or fuel to be burned, the selection being made by means of the valve positions of the valves determining the gas, gas mixture or fuel or the control device.
  • the evaluation unit is designed in such a way that it stores the actual temperature, preferably determined continuously or at regular intervals, as a comparison temperature during continuous operation and compares a current actual temperature with a past actual temperature stored as a comparison temperature as a third limit value .
  • the evaluation unit recognizes or evaluates the flame as being present when the actual temperature is above the comparison temperature, and as extinguished when the actual temperature is below the comparison temperature.
  • the actual temperature is preferably set with a value offset that reduces the temperature stored so that there is a time offset and a value offset between the current actual temperature and the comparison temperature.
  • the value offset is in particular in a range from 1 to 10 K, in particular 3 to 7 K and further in particular 4 to 6 K.
  • a tolerance can also be taken into account when comparing the values.
  • an advantageous development of the method provides that the combustion chamber is flooded with air or another suitable gas or gas mixture before the ignition process, so that any explosive or combustible mixtures that may be present are displaced from the combustion chamber and there is no uncontrolled combustion or explosion may occur.
  • a gas, gas mixture or fuel feeding the flame is fed to the combustion chamber during the ignition process, the start-up process and the continuous operation.
  • the gas is hydrogen gas and preferably 100% hydrogen gas. In the case of combustion of a gas mixture, this is in particular partly hydrogen gas.
  • the gas or the gas mixture is fed into the combustion chamber, for example, via a gas line or a gas lance.
  • the gas mixture preferably comprises 0-10% or 10-30% or 30-60% hydrogen gas.
  • the gas mixture can also change during operation of the burner, and the method according to the invention can be dynamically adapted to this.
  • the process can also be used not only for the combustion of hydrogen gases, but also works reliably with a wide variety of other gases or gas mixtures. For example, natural gas or a gas mixture comprising natural gas can also be burned, or the flame of such a combustion can be detected.
  • the gas, gas mixture or fuel supplied to the combustion chamber during the ignition process is ignited by means of a preferably electrical ignition device.
  • the supply of gas, gas mixture or fuel is stopped when it is recognized that the flame has extinguished.
  • the feed is preferably stopped immediately as soon as the extinction has been recognized.
  • further measures can be taken to prevent uncontrolled ignition and to prepare for a renewed controlled ignition.
  • the admixing or supply of individual components can also merely be stopped, so that, for example, only air is blown into the combustion chamber.
  • a supplied volume flow of the gas, gas mixture or fuel is increased, preferably following a predetermined course or profile. This also applies additionally or alternatively as long as the flame is recognized as being present during the start-up process. Further measures can also be taken. For example, the gas mixture can be changed.
  • the ignition time is preferably in a range from 1 to 10 seconds, in particular 2 to 5 seconds and more particularly 2 to 3 seconds.
  • the ignition time is particularly advantageously 3 seconds.
  • the ignition temperature is also preferably in a range from 5 to 50 K, in particular 10 to 15 K and further in particular 11 to 13 K higher than a comparison temperature determined by the temperature sensor immediately before the ignition process. In other words, during the ignition process, it must be within a predetermined time or when the predetermined time has elapsed For example, a temperature increase of at least 12 K can be detected in a time of 3 seconds, for example, in order to identify the flame as present and the ignition process as successful.
  • the start-up temperature profile is preferably a predetermined temperature curve which is also preferably stored in the evaluation unit and which in particular reflects a desired combustion or a desired start-up.
  • different temperature curves can be stored for different operating or combustion modes or for different gases, gas mixtures or fuels, which can be selected to suit the intended combustion. Since the combustion is to be ramped up quickly during the start-up process and the combustion temperature is to be increased, the start-up temperature stored in the start-up curve also preferably rises over time.
  • the starting temperature profile can alternatively be a temperature curve that is determined by a preferably mathematical model and optionally dynamically adaptable, or an individual temperature that is determined for the respective comparison point in time.
  • the start-up temperature or temperature curve can be a temperature inside or outside the flame and is in particular matched to the position of the temperature sensor. In particular, if the calculation or determination is provided using a model, this can take additional operating parameters into account.
  • a fan speed of a fan conveying the gas, the fuel or the gas mixture into the burner or the valve position of one or more valves determining the gas mixture can also be taken into account.
  • the actual temperatures determined by the temperature sensor during start-up monitoring can preferably be used in the evaluation unit and in particular are saved with the respective times. For example, only the actual temperatures of an intended start-up process can be stored in which the flame does not go out. The stored actual temperatures can then be used to determine or calculate the temperature curve used as the starting temperature profile or to verify or improve the model. In addition to the actual temperatures, the other operating parameters of the burner or the components that determine the operating parameters, such as valves or fans, can also be stored and then evaluated.
  • the start-up monitoring is preferably carried out until the actual temperature determined by the temperature sensor reaches the minimum temperature or is above this for the first time or permanently.
  • the minimum temperature based on the combustion of hydrogen gas is preferably at least 280 ° C.
  • the current actual temperature is preferably in a range from 0.1 to 1.0 seconds, in particular in a range from 0.2 to 0.5 seconds and more particularly in a range from 0.3 to 0.4 seconds Compare the past actual temperature previously saved as the comparison temperature.
  • the past actual temperature stored as a comparison temperature can be recorded as short as possible before the current actual temperature, i.e. with the smallest possible time offset of, for example, a maximum of 1.0 seconds, the value offset or any tolerance being matched to the time offset, see above that a maximum tolerable fluctuation of the actual temperature compared to the reference temperature is defined by the time and value offset.
  • the respective limit value specific for the ignition process, the start-up process and the continuous operation or the limit value curve is also preferably dependent on the operating parameters of the burner, such as the volume flow, the exact gas, gas mixture or fuel or the number of revolutions of an associated fan. Furthermore, valve positions can be taken into account, through which the volume flow and / or the gas mixture are determined.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a device for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • a device for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • Such a device comprises an evaluation unit and at least one temperature sensor arranged in the combustion chamber.
  • the device preferably comprises a valve or a plurality of valves or a valve arrangement for producing the gas mixture and for controlling the volume flow of the gas, gas mixture or fuel.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic diagram of a burner 1 with a combustion chamber 10, a gas lance 13 protruding into the combustion chamber 10, a blower 14 having a Venturi nozzle and a fan and a valve 15 determining a gas mixture is shown.
  • the fan 14 and the Venturi nozzle not shown but arranged in fan 14, is mixed with air flowing along flow 17 with a gas or gas mixture supplied through line 16, the amount of gas or gas mixture being determined by valve 15, which is preferably designed as a proportional valve.
  • the mixture of air and gas or air and gas mixture produced in this way flows along the flow 18 through the gas lance 13 into the combustion chamber 10, for example flowing out through a large number of holes provided in the gas lance 13.
  • the gas mixture flowing through the holes in the gas lance 13 is ignited, so that a large number of flames 11 or, in simplified terms, a flame 11 is formed, which must be monitored to prevent uncontrolled behavior of the burner 1 and in particular uncontrolled combustion or explosion to prevent.
  • At least one temperature sensor 12 is provided in the combustion chamber 10 and, for reasons of safety, preferably two or generally more temperature sensors 12, wherein, for example, a plurality of measuring or sensor heads determining an actual temperature can also be integrated in a temperature sensor 12.
  • a start-up process II in which a temperature of the flame 11 rises to a minimum temperature
  • a continuous operation III in which the temperature of the flame 11 is above the minimum temperature
  • the flame 11 is monitored for its presence or its extinction, an individual or continuous temperature comparison being made in each case.
  • the respective operating conditions and the temperature-specific behavior of the flame 11 must be taken into account, so that the comparison to be made deviates from one another during the different phases.
  • the actual temperature T IST is set with a Ignition temperature T GI compared, the ignition temperature T GI being a temperature determined before or at the start of the ignition process plus a predetermined temperature difference of 12 K, for example.
  • the flame 11 is determined to be not extinguished or burning.
  • the course of the actual temperature T IST is as in Figure 2 visible, not just parallel to the starting temperature curve T G-II , but can deviate from such a minimum requirement, in particular as time t progresses.
  • the combustion switches to continuous operation III.
  • a predetermined temperature should be maintained here.
  • the actual actual temperature T IST can, however, fluctuate depending on various environmental influences or environmental conditions.
  • an actual temperature previously stored with a time and value offset that is to say, a past actual temperature , is used as the comparison temperature T G-III.
  • the actual temperature T IST is therefore recorded and stored at a first point in time x or recorded and reduced by a predetermined temperature value, such as 5 K, and saved.
  • the then current actual temperature T IST is reduced directly during the comparison with the previous actual temperature T IST , which was reduced by the predetermined value, or with a tolerance is applied, compared. If the current temperature T is lower G-III used as the past and as a comparison temperature T actual temperature T act is recognized, the flame 11 and lapsed.
  • Such a time-shifted and value-shifted storage of the comparison temperature T G-III during continuous operation III is indicated by the vector arrows in FIG Figure 2 indicated.
  • comparison time t III An example of a comparison time t III is given, a comparison taking place continuously, that is to say continuously, or at predetermined time intervals. A clear drop in the actual temperature T IST below the comparison temperature T G-III is visible on the right-hand edge area of the curve, so that it disappears here the flame 11 would be detected.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP21180208.7A 2020-07-01 2021-06-18 Procédé de surveillance d'une flamme dans une chambre de combustion de brûleur Pending EP3933267A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020117348.2A DE102020117348A1 (de) 2020-07-01 2020-07-01 Verfahren zur Überwachung einer Flamme in einem Brennraum eines Brenners

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3933267A1 true EP3933267A1 (fr) 2022-01-05

Family

ID=76522862

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21180208.7A Pending EP3933267A1 (fr) 2020-07-01 2021-06-18 Procédé de surveillance d'une flamme dans une chambre de combustion de brûleur

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3933267A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102020117348A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0346829A1 (fr) * 1988-06-15 1989-12-20 Firma J. Eberspächer Dispositif de chauffage à plusieurs niveaux de puissance pour voitures
DE19903305A1 (de) * 1999-01-28 2000-08-10 Webasto Thermosysteme Gmbh Verfahren zur Flammüberwachung in einem Fahrzeugheizgerät
EP1992877A2 (fr) * 2007-05-16 2008-11-19 J. Eberspächer GmbH Co. KG Procédé de surveillance de flamme dans un appareil de chauffage combustible
US20140212821A1 (en) * 2010-05-05 2014-07-31 7794754 Canada Inc. Ignition system for flame emitting apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0346829A1 (fr) * 1988-06-15 1989-12-20 Firma J. Eberspächer Dispositif de chauffage à plusieurs niveaux de puissance pour voitures
DE19903305A1 (de) * 1999-01-28 2000-08-10 Webasto Thermosysteme Gmbh Verfahren zur Flammüberwachung in einem Fahrzeugheizgerät
EP1992877A2 (fr) * 2007-05-16 2008-11-19 J. Eberspächer GmbH Co. KG Procédé de surveillance de flamme dans un appareil de chauffage combustible
US20140212821A1 (en) * 2010-05-05 2014-07-31 7794754 Canada Inc. Ignition system for flame emitting apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102020117348A1 (de) 2022-01-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3919817B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de détection des défauts d'allumage d'un brûleur avec un ventilateur pour l'alimentation en air et une soupape à combustible
EP2116771B1 (fr) Démarrage et fonctionnement à coefficient d'air optimisé d'un brûleur
EP1621811A1 (fr) Procédé de fonctionnement pour un dispositif de combustion
DE202018101271U1 (de) Brenngasbetriebenes Heizgerät
EP3992529A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif d'allumage d'un brûleur
EP3690318A2 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de régulation d'un mélange air-gaz de combustion dans un appareil de chauffage
WO2019170309A1 (fr) Procédé d'identification de types de gaz combustibles lors du processus de démarrage d'un appareil de chauffage fonctionnant au gaz combustible et appareil de chauffage fonctionnant au gaz combustible
DE102008027010A1 (de) Verfahren zur Überprüfung des Ionisationselektrodensignals bei Brennern
DE19903305C5 (de) Verfahren zur Flammüberwachung in einem Fahrzeugheizgerät
EP4015904A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de protection d'un appareil de chauffage lors de l'allumage d'un mélange d'air et de gaz combustible contenant de l'hydrogène
EP1717514A1 (fr) Brûleur à gaz et méthodes pour le démarrage et le fonctionnement de ce brûleur
DE19734574B4 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Regeln eines Brenners, insbesondere eines vollvormischenden Gasbrenners
EP3933267A1 (fr) Procédé de surveillance d'une flamme dans une chambre de combustion de brûleur
DE10145592C1 (de) Verfahren zur Leistungseinstellung gasbetriebener Gargeräte sowie dieses Verfahren nutzendes Gargerät
DE102012108268A1 (de) Verfahren zur Erkennung der Gasfamilie sowie Gasbrennvorrichtung
DE10200128B4 (de) Verfahren zur Erkennung von Gasarten und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Brennvorrichtung sowie Brennvorrichtung für die Durchführung dieser Verfahren
EP4098944A1 (fr) Procédé de surveillance d'une flamme d'un appareil chauffant, programme informatique, support d'enregistrement, appareil de régulation et de commande, appareil chauffant et utilisation d'un dispositif de positionnement
EP3982045A1 (fr) Procédé et appareil de chauffage destinés à surveiller la flamme d'une combustion de gaz
EP4194752B1 (fr) Émetteur lumineux
WO2019057336A1 (fr) Procédé de commande d'une combustion et four
EP4174376B1 (fr) Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage, programme informatique, support d'enregistrement, appareil de commande, appareil de chauffage et utilisation d'un courant d'ionisation détecté et d'une température détectée
EP4141322A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de fonctionnement et de commande sécurisés d'un processus de combustion dans un appareil de chauffage pour la combustion d'hydrogène
EP4357671A1 (fr) Procédé de mise en service d'un appareil de chauffage, programme informatique, appareil de commande et de régulation et appareil de chauffage
EP4386263A1 (fr) Procédé de mise en service d'un appareil de chauffage, programme informatique, appareil de commande et de régulation et appareil de chauffage
EP4372277A1 (fr) Procédé de mise en service d'un appareil de chauffage, appareil de chauffage et programme informatique

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

B565 Issuance of search results under rule 164(2) epc

Effective date: 20211206

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20220704

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20231122

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN