EP1872115A1 - Capteur de suies - Google Patents

Capteur de suies

Info

Publication number
EP1872115A1
EP1872115A1 EP06724468A EP06724468A EP1872115A1 EP 1872115 A1 EP1872115 A1 EP 1872115A1 EP 06724468 A EP06724468 A EP 06724468A EP 06724468 A EP06724468 A EP 06724468A EP 1872115 A1 EP1872115 A1 EP 1872115A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
soot
sensor
temperature
chip
measurement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP06724468A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karlheinz Wienand
Matthias Muziol
Tim Asmus
Karlheinz Ullrich
Andreas Ogrzewalla
Dieter Teusch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heraeus Nexensos GmbH
Original Assignee
Heraeus Sensor Technology GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE200510029219 external-priority patent/DE102005029219A1/de
Application filed by Heraeus Sensor Technology GmbH filed Critical Heraeus Sensor Technology GmbH
Publication of EP1872115A1 publication Critical patent/EP1872115A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/0656—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions using electric, e.g. electrostatic methods or magnetic methods

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to carbon black sensors based on integrally formed interconnect structures, methods for soot measurement and the use of Schuleiterchips for soot measurement.
  • the different heating power of a sooted heating surface is compared against a substantially soot-free heating surface.
  • DE 103 31 838 relates to a sensor element with a roughened sensor surface for soot deposition, in which the thermal mass of the sensor body is determined as a measure of its carbon fouling.
  • the sensor is heated with a resistance structure and with the same resistance structure, the temperature of the sensor body is detected.
  • the decisive factor is that reproducible measurements require significant changes in the measured quantities. Intensive sizes, in particular specific sizes of a chip, are better suited for this purpose than the measurements based on extensive effects in the prior art. Effects which are based on altered surface properties and which change the surface optically or thermally, for example by insulation or electrically, in particular stray field technology, are based on intensive and specific quantities which are utilized for solutions according to the invention. Optical changes are caused by soot occupying a metallic surface, whereby the increasing soot movement tends to create a black body. Along with this, the radiation behavior of the surface and thus the measurable temperature equilibrium between supplied and radiated energy changes thermally.
  • a soot movement acts heat-insulating and thus creates a changed temperature behavior.
  • Soot deposits on an electrode structure reduce the insulation of the interconnects as a dielectric and lead to a reduced resistance of the electrode structure.
  • the signals determined with the measuring units are compared with reference values or reference curves or comparison measurements for setting or calibrating the soot sensor.
  • burning off soot on the heating conductor increases its resistance.
  • This resistance can be determined by an electrical circuit. From the resistance, in particular from its time course, can be concluded on the degree of soot.
  • a resistance characteristic is determined with respect to the degree of sooting. Based on this characteristic, the degree of sooting can be read.
  • the electrical resistance of the soot occupancy can be designed depending and the soot occupancy are measured by the electrical resistance.
  • chip-specific variables are changed, that is, at least not only the temperature dependencies, which are difficult to control under robust conditions, are exploited. If the insulating effect of the air is reduced by soot, the specific conductivity of the electrical pattern of the chip or the resistivity of the electrical pattern of the chip changes enormously. Similarly, carbon black lowers the resistance of a resistor pattern, especially a meandering resistor.
  • Electronic patterns can be produced using thick-film technology or thin-film technology.
  • layers with layer thicknesses below 1 ⁇ m can be used to create electronic patterns of printed conductors whose web width is less than 10 ⁇ m.
  • Integrally formed electrical patterns are resistive, continuous electrical conductor structures, in particular heating conductors or measuring resistors.
  • IDK structures are not one-piece.
  • Preferred patterns are serpentine or meandering tracks.
  • the conductor tracks are tapered between their ends. The wide ends are referred to as terminal contact fields.
  • chips having a heating conductor are referred to as heating conductor chips.
  • the electrical resistance and temperature decreases relatively more the less heat the sensor can initially deliver. This effect occurs very clearly in superficially metallized heat conductor sensors.
  • chips with unprotected heat conductors show a relatively clear decrease in temperature and electrical resistance with increasing carbon fouling than the chips whose heat conductor is protected with a white ceramic.
  • the resistance at constant heating power is lowered by sooting. Particularly significant effects are available with gold coatings.
  • the temperature stability of platinum or iridium can be decisive.
  • the soot occupancy also changes the specific temperature behavior and the specific radiation, in particular the IR radiation characteristic of a heating conductor.
  • the radiated power With constant power consumption increases with increasing soot occupancy, the radiated power, wherein the temperature of the Schuleiterchips falls accordingly.
  • the carbon fouling can therefore also be determined on the basis of a temperature determination of the heating conductor or its emission characteristic.
  • soot also influences the power consumption and the temperature.
  • the electrical resistance of the carbon black heat conductor sensor increases with respect to the unpolluted state. Also, this effect occurs all the more, the less heat can dissipate the ungrußte sensor.
  • Soot sensors with multiple tracks can be formed with IDK structure.
  • the resistance structure is in particular a heating conductor or temperature sensor.
  • a measuring resistor is 10 to 100 times the resistance of a heating conductor.
  • soot sensor basically all sensors can be used, on the conductor tracks, in particular heat conductor, soot can be deposited.
  • a method and a soot sensor as a solution of the present invention are based on a chip with connection pads and electrical connections, which is changeable under the action of soot with regard to an electrical property, in particular with regard to resistance.
  • the soot sensors are heat resistant so that they can also be used in the exhaust area of automobiles.
  • the platinum thin-film technology has proven itself for creating corresponding chips.
  • the heating conductors and, if appropriate, further functional structures can be covered with a ceramic thin layer to further increase temperature stability.
  • the soot-sensitive chip may self-regenerate by burning off the soot occupancy.
  • the heating element can be used for soot measurement by the Schuleiter is evaluated in terms of its electrical or thermal effect depending on a soot occupancy.
  • the reproducibility of the measurements can be increased by relative measurement.
  • the soot occupancy can be burned differently and analyzed from the different heating capacities, the power consumption or the temperature difference of the soot.
  • the reproducibility can already be increased by the fact that a chip is equipped with two heating resistors.
  • the two measuring units can be used for mutual comparison.
  • the mutual influence of the measuring unit can be minimized by a spacing of two chips each having a measuring device, which in turn increases the reproducibility.
  • An additional temperature sensor can contribute to the control of an internal combustion engine and thus to the control of soot formation or soot degradation.
  • the temperature sensor can be used to obtain information about the amount and nature of the soot when burning off the soot.
  • a temperature sensor can also be used for temperature measurement or for establishing a time-dependent temperature profile of a heat conductor.
  • soot sensors are used for heat-resistant sensors for the automotive exhaust gas
  • the chips have exclusively high temperature resistant materials, such as a ceramic substrate on which a Platinffleander Weg is printed and their electrical leads are platinum-coated nickel-chromium alloys, with a chromium content between 10 and 30%.
  • Substrates are printed according to the still unpublished DE 10 2004 018 050 or in thin-film technology, in particular with platinum;
  • the conductor track thickness of the heating conductor or temperature sensor is ⁇ 2 ⁇ m
  • ⁇ is the trace width of the temperature sensor narrower than 20 microns
  • the heating element is coated with a protective layer.
  • Unprotected heating conductors are suitable for permanent use in exhaust gases up to temperatures of 600 ° C. Protected structures up to 850 ° C. The protected heating conductors are preferably metallised on their outer surfaces.
  • Figure 1 shows a Schuetzchip in exploded view
  • Figure 2 shows a soot sensor chip, wherein conductor structures of a heating element and a temperature sensor with the IDK structure are mounted in a plane;
  • FIG. 3 shows a soot sensor chip in which conductor structures are arranged one above the other in several planes
  • FIG. 4 shows the temperature profile during the combustion of fine material versus the combustion of coarse-grained soot
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross section of a soot particle filter, an exhaust gas duct connected thereto and a soot sensor projecting into the exhaust gas duct;
  • Figure 6a shows a top view of the projecting into the channel sensor
  • FIG. 6b shows an enlargement of its measuring tip
  • FIG. 7a shows a further sensor and FIG. 7b its measuring tip
  • Figure 8 shows a heating resistor sensor in the combustion of soot versus time versus an unpainted heating resistor sensor.
  • Figure 9 shows a Schuleiterchip with integrated temperature measuring resistor in an exploded view.
  • FIG. 10 shows two components protruding from a protective tube according to FIG. 9.
  • a heating conductor 4 preferably made of platinum, is applied to a substrate 1, preferably a ceramic substrate 1, using thin-film technology. This can be done according to the known lithographic process or the still unpublished DE 10 2004 018 050.
  • this heating conductor chip the resistance changes due to soot occupancy, which is why such a heating conductor chip is suitable directly for soot measurement in exhaust gases.
  • a particularly important application is the soot measurement in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, especially diesel engines.
  • the function of the soot particle filter can be monitored and controlled by exhaust gases from diesel engines.
  • the chip design of Figure 2 is characterized by its extremely simple design, with the already comfortable applications are possible.
  • the platinum layer can be protected with a thin layer 6.
  • the thin film may also be partially applied so as to cover, for example, only the heating conductor and the temperature sensor.
  • an insulating layer 6 is applied so that only the middle part of the IDK structure is not printed.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 3 is also remarkable, according to which the temperature sensor and the heating conductor are already protected by the insulation layer 5.
  • a chip according to FIG. 3 can then optionally be produced with an open IDK structure 2 or with an IDK structure protected by an insulation layer 6.
  • the soot deposited on the chip can be burned by heating pyrolytic. Heating temperatures at approximately 500 ° C have proven suitable for this purpose.
  • the IDK structure 2 or the measuring resistor 3 for temperature determination are used to adjust the heating power for the circumstances in which the heating power is provided. With the heating power provided under certain circumstances, the soot or sooting can be determined.
  • the burnup on the heating conductor chip can be evaluated.
  • the temperature profile gives additional information about the heat of combustion of Rußabbrands. From this can be by comparison values or Close comparison curves on the type and condition and the amount of soot. In particular, the amount and particle size of the carbon black can be detected, as illustrated in FIG.
  • a sensor according to the invention can be arranged on the soot filter and be covered under the same conditions as this, so that the self-cleaning of the particulate filter is initiated via the sensor as soon as the sensor measures a defined value of an electrical variable.
  • the explosive mixture on the fuel input, the air supply or exhaust gas recirculation is controlled. In this way, exhaust mixtures can be generated, which control the soot formation and can be degraded if necessary.
  • the measured electrical resistance of the IDK structure 2 is a measure of the concentration of soot occupancy. If the IDK structure 2 is passivated by a thin film passivation 6 or a printed thick film layer with a dielectric, the soot occupancy of this dielectric affects the capacitance of the capacitor in correlation with the soot concentration.
  • the temperature-dependent values of the heating power and the IDK measurement provide an exact measure of the carbon fouling compared with each other.
  • Additional heating and temperature sensor elements allow the evaluation of the exothermic reaction during soot combustion via the temperature increase during combustion of the soot layer.
  • This exothermic reaction correlates with the increase in temperature and can be logged by means of an integrated temperature sensor. By comparing the curve with stored gradients, it is possible to deduce the amount, the distribution and the particle size of the soot.
  • the sensor protrudes into an exhaust gas duct 12 and is arranged in front of or behind the soot particle filter 11.
  • the tip 14 of the sensor 13 is equipped with two chips in FIGS. 6a, 7 and 7a. With two chips, reference measurements to the other chip are possible. If a chip has a heating device 4 according to FIG. 1, the soot 4 can be burnt off with the heating device 4. This allows the evaluation of soot burn-off by the sensor and further reference data via the second sensor.
  • the free-burning process on a chip detunes the measuring bridge that includes both chips, the detuning being a measure of the carbon fouling and thus also a measure of the condition of the particle filter 11.
  • both chips are heated until the soot burns on them is.
  • the heating conductor 4 is protected according to Figure 1 with a protective layer 6.
  • a ceramic coating and an application in thin-film technology in particular the application of a ceramic coating in thin-film technology, have proven successful.
  • External metallization with gold, platinum or iridium increases the sensitivity to soot.
  • the metallization can be done in thin-film technology on the protective layer 6 and the back of the ceramic substrate 1.
  • the soot sensors so produced are suitable for continuous operation at temperatures up to 850 0 C.
  • the protective layer 6 can be sealed over to extend the life, for example with glass or a sacrificial electrode.
  • a simple protective layer of glass is sufficient for applications up to 650 ° C.
  • the diagram in FIG. 8 clarifies the increased heating resistance of a sooted sensor with respect to an ungrounded sensor during the burn-off process. It should be noted that when heating a sooted soot sensor and an unpurified soot sensor below the burnout temperature of the sooted soot sensor remains cooler, or heats up more slowly.
  • the chip By means of heat conductor, the chip can be burned again free of soot.
  • a sensor may be operated so that the chip initiates a burnout process of the soot filter at a predetermined impedance and over which the chip itself is free burned.
  • An additional temperature sensor is useful for further improved reproducibility, for example, to determine the temperature profile of the heating element or to perform the measurement under standardized temperature conditions. Soot measurement by heating conductor
  • a Schuetzleiterchip according to Figure 1 is calibrated under standardized engine conditions in terms of its resistance characteristic with respect to the degree of sooting. This has proved useful for a measurement in the parked state or idle mode.
  • a sensor can be arranged in the exhaust gas stream in front of or behind the soot particle filter 11. If the sensor is arranged behind the particle filter 11 and indicates fouling, a defect of the soot filter 11 is indicated.
  • a soot sensor arranged in front of the soot filter 11 initiates the combustion of the soot through its own heater 4 and into the soot particle filter 11 when soot is detected.
  • the sooting due to a different radiation behavior of the heating element 4 is determined with the Schwarzleiterchip according to Figure 1. It was found that below the combustion temperature, the resistance at the same heat output decreases with increasing carbon fouling. This effect is even more noticeable, the greater the difference in radiation behavior. Therefore, the outside of the Schuleiterchips is metallized. Particularly suitable for this purpose are gold, iridium and platinum.
  • the heating conductors 4 can be turned off by comparative measurement of the drift with respect to the calibration curve.
  • the heating conductors 4 mutually burn off the soot and compared against each other. When operated under the same conditions of use, they are subject to the same drift due to non-combustible soot constituents that deposit on the surface.
  • the resistance of the heating element 4 adjusts itself with the temperature.
  • a heating element 4 becomes sooty, the heating element 4 changes its emission characteristic, since a sooty sensor, such as a black emitter, emits more energy than other bodies.
  • the resistance of the heat conductor 4 is used as a measure of the carbon fouling during the tearing of the heating element 4 from its resistance.
  • the heating element 4 is suitable for triggering a burnout process for an analogously sooted soot filter 11.
  • the soot sensor gradually clogs and drifts with respect to its resistance characteristic. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the resistance after the burnout process is placed in a functional relationship to the parameters relating to the burnout process or gas mixture formulation.
  • sensors containing two heating conductors 4 are linked to form a measuring bridge.
  • a component according to FIG. 9 has a measuring resistor 3 and a heating resistor 4.
  • Two components 7 according to FIG. 9 are operated in a sensor according to FIG. 10 by one of the two heating conductors 4 being used to free a component of soot and then heating the components with both heating conductors until they reach their thermal equilibrium. From the determined with the temperature measuring resistors 3 temperatures of the respective thermal equilibrium, the carbon fouling is determined. The temperature difference of the components 7 is thus a measure of the carbon fouling.
  • Two ceramic soot sensor chips 7 ( Figure 9) are provided with a ceramic lid 6 glazed on; the chips 7 are each provided with a heater 4 (Rho about 20 ohms) and a Pt-1000 sensor 3.
  • the soot sensor chips 7 are each installed in a housing (FIGS. 10 and 11). Electrically, the two heaters 4 are interconnected with two further precision measuring resistors of, for example, 20 ohms each in a Wheatstone 1 bridge. The bridge voltage is amplified by a factor of 50 with an instrumentation amplifier module.
  • the electrical bridge is now adjusted in the case of both soot-free chips 7, the temperature of the two heater chips 7 is selected in the range of 300 ° C. If now one of the two chips 7 on the chip cover 6 or the chip back or on both sides acted upon with soot, the radiation behavior of this chip 7 changes compared to a not acted upon soot chip 7 such that the acted upon with soot chip 7 emits more radiation and thereby cools slightly.
  • the cooling of the recessed chip 7 changes the resistance of the heater 4 in accordance with the platinum characteristic and thus leads to a detuning of the Wheatstone bridge, which can be measured.
  • the recessed chip 7 is re-annealed at temperatures above 600 0 C for a few minutes, then no electrical detuning of the bridge is measurable in the temperature range of 300 0 C more.
  • the chip cap 6 and the chip back side are preferably metallized over the whole area with Au or Pt (for example by PVD coating) in order to minimize the radiation behavior in the infrared range.

Abstract

L'invention concerne des capteurs de suies à base de structures de circuits imprimés en une seule pièce, des procédés de mesure de suies et l'utilisation de puces à conducteurs de chaleur pour mesurer des suies, la sensibilité de variables intensives, en particulier de variables spécifiques de substances, étant prise en considération. L'invention concerne notamment un capteur de suies électrique caractérisé par au moins une puce équipée d'au moins une piste conductrice en une seule pièce présentant en particulier deux connecteurs, ce capteur de suies présentant un dispositif de détermination de suies spécialement conçu pour déterminer une modification intensive ou spécifique d'une surface. D'après les procédés selon l'invention, une modification d'une variable intensive, en particulier d'une caractéristique thermospécifique ou électrique d'une puce, est provoquée avec les dépôts de suies et cette variable est déterminée.
EP06724468A 2005-04-20 2006-04-20 Capteur de suies Ceased EP1872115A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005018453 2005-04-20
DE200510029219 DE102005029219A1 (de) 2005-06-22 2005-06-22 Rußsensor
PCT/EP2006/003640 WO2006111386A1 (fr) 2005-04-20 2006-04-20 Capteur de suies

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1872115A1 true EP1872115A1 (fr) 2008-01-02

Family

ID=36649808

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06724468A Ceased EP1872115A1 (fr) 2005-04-20 2006-04-20 Capteur de suies

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20080190173A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1872115A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006111386A1 (fr)

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See also references of WO2006111386A1 *

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WO2006111386A8 (fr) 2007-11-01
WO2006111386A1 (fr) 2006-10-26
US20080190173A1 (en) 2008-08-14

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