WO2006111459A1 - Element de detection pour des capteurs de particules et procede pour l'exploiter - Google Patents

Element de detection pour des capteurs de particules et procede pour l'exploiter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006111459A1
WO2006111459A1 PCT/EP2006/061200 EP2006061200W WO2006111459A1 WO 2006111459 A1 WO2006111459 A1 WO 2006111459A1 EP 2006061200 W EP2006061200 W EP 2006061200W WO 2006111459 A1 WO2006111459 A1 WO 2006111459A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensor element
measuring
sensor
thermocouple
element according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2006/061200
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Lothar Diehl
Henrico Runge
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to EP06725448A priority Critical patent/EP1875198A1/fr
Publication of WO2006111459A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006111459A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/0606—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/0656—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions using electric, e.g. electrostatic methods or magnetic methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/05—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a particulate sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a sensor element and a method for the determination of particles in gas mixtures and their use according to the type defined in the preamble of the independent claims.
  • a sensor for detecting particles in a fluid flow which is designed on the basis of a ceramic multilayer substrate. It comprises two measuring electrodes spaced apart from one another, which are exposed to the combustion exhaust gas to be investigated. If soot is deposited between the two measuring electrodes, a current flow between the measuring electrodes occurs when a voltage is applied to the measuring electrodes.
  • a layered heating element makes it possible to free the electrodes or their surroundings by thermal means from deposited soot particles.
  • the sensor further comprises a temperature measuring element with which the temperature of the sensor is detected can be.
  • the heating element is located within the laminate of the sensor between the temperature measuring element and the measuring electrodes.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a sensor element for sensors and a method for determining the concentration of particles in gas mixtures, which allows accurate temperature control and yet relies on a simple overall design of the sensor element.
  • the sensor element comprises at least one measuring element exposed to the gas to be determined, at least one heating element integrated into the sensor element and at least one temperature measuring element integrated in the sensor element.
  • a combination of an electrical contact of the temperature measuring element with an electrical contact of one of the two other elements is provided.
  • the temperature measuring element is designed as a thermocouple.
  • two metallic interconnects of different thermoelectric voltage in the range of the temperature to be measured are brought into electrical contact with each other and it is determined at the open, a reference temperature exposed ends of the tracks adjusting potential difference.
  • the potential difference is a measure of the temperature to be measured.
  • thermocouple has a conductor of a platinum-rhodium alloy, in particular with the composition Pt 13Rh, since this alloy a
  • the sensor element has two measuring elements, which are arranged on opposite outer surfaces of the sensor element, since the resulting measurement results are then based on two independent measurements and thus on
  • an evaluation device which determines a change in the current flowing between the measuring electrodes of the measuring element current and outputs this as a measure of the particle concentration.
  • the sensor element or the method for operating the same is advantageously suitable for monitoring the mode of operation of a diesel engine or for checking the functional efficiency or the loading state of a particulate filter.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sensor element according to a first embodiment in an exploded view
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of the sensor element shown in FIG. 1 in a plan view, - A -
  • FIG. 3 shows a sensor element according to a second exemplary embodiment in an exploded view
  • FIG. 4 shows a sensor element according to a third exemplary embodiment in an exploded view
  • Figure 5 shows a correlation of the thermal voltage of a Ptl3Rh thermocouple with the temperature to be determined in 0 C.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the sensor element 10 is a ceramic sensor element which does not serve for the determination of particles such as soot particles in a gas mixture surrounding the sensor element.
  • the sensor element 10 includes, for example, a plurality of oxygen ion-conducting solid electrolyte layers I Ia, Ib and I lc.
  • the solid electrolyte layers I Ia and Ic are carried out as ceramic films and form a planar ceramic body. They preferably consist of an oxygen-ion-conducting solid electrolyte material, such as Y 2 O 3 stabilized or partially stabilized ZrO 2 , for example.
  • the solid electrolyte layer 11b is produced by screen printing of a pasty ceramic material, for example, on the solid electrolyte layer 11a.
  • a ceramic component of the pasty material the same solid electrolyte material is preferably used, from which also the solid electrolyte layers I Ia, l lc exist.
  • the sensor element 10 for example, a plurality of electrically insulating ceramic layers 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e and 12f.
  • the layers 12a-12f are likewise produced by screen printing of a pasty ceramic material, for example on the solid electrolyte layers 11a, 11b, 11c.
  • a ceramic component of the pasty material for example, barium-containing aluminum oxide is used, since this has a largely constant high electrical resistance even with thermal cycling over a long period of time.
  • the use of ceria or the addition of other alkaline earth oxides is possible.
  • the integrated form of the planar ceramic body of the sensor element 10 is produced by laminating the ceramic films printed with the solid electrolyte layer 11b and with functional layers and the ceramic layers 12a-12f and then sintering the laminated structure in a manner known per se.
  • the sensor element 10 further has a ceramic heating element 40, which is designed in the form of an electrical resistance track and the heating of the sensor element 10 is used in particular to the temperature of the gas mixture to be determined or the burning of deposited on the large surfaces of the sensor element 10 soot particles.
  • the resistor track is preferably made of a cermet material; preferably as a mixture of platinum or a platinum metal with ceramic portions, such as alumina.
  • the resistance conductor track is furthermore preferably designed in the form of a meander and has plated-through holes 42, 44 as well as electrical contacts 46, 48 at both ends. By applying a corresponding heating voltage to the contacts 46, 48 of the resistor track, the heating power of the heating element 40 can be regulated accordingly.
  • two measuring electrodes 14, 16 are applied, which are preferably formed as interdigitated interdigital electrodes and form a measuring element.
  • interdigital electrodes as measuring electrodes
  • the 14, 16 advantageously enables a particularly accurate determination of the electrical resistance or the electrical conductivity of the surface material located between the measuring electrodes 14, 16.
  • contacts 18, 20 are provided in the region of an end of the sensor element facing away from the gas mixture.
  • the supply regions of the electrodes 14, 16 are preferably shielded by the electrically insulating layer 12a from the influences of a gas mixture surrounding the sensor element 10.
  • the layer thickness of the porous protective layer is preferably greater than the layer thickness of the measuring electrodes 14, 16.
  • the porous protective layer is preferably made open-porous, wherein the pore size is selected so that the particles to be determined in the gas mixture in the pores of the Porous protective layer can diffuse.
  • the pore size of the porous protective layer is preferably in a range of 2 to 10 microns.
  • the porous protective layer is made of a ceramic material which is preferably similar to or corresponds to the material of the layer 12a and can be produced by screen printing. The porosity of the porous protective layer can be adjusted accordingly by adding pore formers to the screen printing paste.
  • a voltage is applied to the measuring electrodes 14, 16. Since the measuring electrodes 14, 16 are arranged on the surface of the electrically insulating layer 12b, substantially no current flow initially occurs between the measuring electrodes 14, 16.
  • a gas mixture flowing around the sensor element 10 contains particles, in particular soot, it deposits on the surface of the sensor element 10. Since carbon black has a noticeable electrical conductivity, sufficient loading of the surface of the sensor element 10 or of the porous protective layer with soot results in an increasing current flow between the measuring electrodes 14, 16, which correlates with the extent of the loading.
  • a preferably constant direct or alternating voltage is applied to the measuring electrodes 14, 16 and the current flow occurring between the measuring electrodes 14, 16 or the rise of the current flow over time is determined, then the quotient of current flow increase and time or from the differential quotient of the current flow after the time on the deposited particle mass or on the current particle mass flow, in particular soot mass flow, and be closed to the particle concentration in the gas mixture.
  • a calculation of the particle concentration is possible on the basis of the measured values, as long as the flow velocity of the gas mixture is known. This or the volume flow of the gas mixture can be determined, for example, by means of a suitable further sensor.
  • the sensor element 10 comprises a temperature measuring element 30, which is designed in the form of a thermocouple. Its function is based on the so-called Seebeck
  • thermocouple 30 An illustration of the thermocouple 30 can be seen in FIG.
  • the same reference numerals designate the same component components as in FIG. 1.
  • one of the measuring electrodes 14, 16 is used as the first conductor track of the thermocouple 30.
  • This is made of a first metal or metallic material, in particular PIatin.
  • the measuring electrode 16 for example, a branch 32, which to a
  • solder 34 leads.
  • the branch 32 is preferably in surface contact with a second conductor 36 of the thermocouple 30.
  • This is made of a second metal or metallic material, which is unlike the first metal or metallic material.
  • a noble metal alloy in particular a platinum alloy such as PtxRh, is preferably used as the second metallic material, where x represents a number from 6 to 30, preferably from 6 to 20 and in particular from 10 to 18.
  • PtxRh platinum alloy
  • a significant advantage of the use of these metallic materials is the fact that they can withstand high temperatures of over 1000 0 C permanently.
  • Alternative thermocouples may be based on nickel-chromium alloys in contact with a nickel track, or as copper-constantan thermocouples.
  • the second conductor track 36 of the thermocouple 30 is preferably electrically contacted via a further electrical contact 38 in a region of the sensor element facing away from the gas to be determined.
  • the further electrical contact 38 is made, for example, of the material of the second conductor track 36, this also applies to the not shown further electrical connection between the further electrical contact 38 and an evaluation device, not shown, by means of a between the first and the second conductor 32, Determined 36 occurring thermal voltage and is assigned by means of a map of a temperature of the gas mixture.
  • a more cost-effective solution is to make the contact 18 and / or the electrical connection of the contact 18 to the evaluation of a metallic material having a comparable Seebeck coefficient as the material of the branch 32, but lower material costs.
  • thermocouples which are designed as Pt 13Rh / Pt thermocouples, listed at certain measurement temperatures in the range of 0 - about 1700 0 C expected potential differences in millivolts.
  • thermoelectric voltage measured at the thermocouple is arbitrarily set to 0 mV for a measuring temperature of 0 ° C.
  • the influence of the ambient temperature is computationally eliminated from the measured thermoelectric voltage by means of a compensation in the form of a CoId junction compensation.
  • the coin-junction compensation is preferably integrated into the evaluation unit.
  • FIG. 3 shows a sensor element according to a second exemplary embodiment.
  • the same reference numerals designate the same component components as in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • thermocouple can be integrated as a temperature measuring element 30 in the sensor element.
  • the temperature measuring element 30 is designed as a heating element 40 at the same time.
  • the thermocouple 30 has a first and a second conductor track 36, 37, wherein the conductor tracks 36, 37 preferably from those already at
  • Figure 1 for the second conductor 36 and the junction 32 described materials are executed.
  • the contacting of the first and second conductor track takes place via the through-contacts 42, 44 or the contacts 46, 48. If a heating of the sensor element is required, the temperature measuring element 30 is temporarily switched as a heating element. For this purpose, a corresponding heating voltage is applied to the contacts 46, 48 in this period.
  • the second conductor track 36 is preferably made of a platinum-rhodium alloy, this has due to the so-called alloy effect on a higher resistivity than a similarly sized conductor track of platinum.
  • the second conductor 36 which is made of a platinum-rhodium alloy, provided with a comparatively larger cross section than the first conductor 37 made of platinum, so that both conductors
  • one of the conductor tracks 36, 37 may also be connected to one of the contacts 18, 20 of the measuring electrodes 14, 16 by means of a suitable plated-through hole instead of the contacts 46, 48. In this way, the number of required electrical contacts of the sensor element is reduced to three contacts.
  • the contacting of the thermocouple is preferably carried out in such a way that when using the thermocouple as a heating element 40 in addition to Joule heating due to the electrical resistance of the tracks 36, 37 results in a heating by the Peltier effect.
  • FIG. 1 Another embodiment of a sensor element is shown in FIG.
  • the same reference numerals designate the same component components as in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the temperature measuring element 30 additionally formed as a heating element.
  • both conductor tracks 36, 37 are meander-shaped in the region of a desirably good heating of the sensor element.
  • the sensor element illustrated in FIG. 4 has a second measuring element which comprises the further measuring electrodes 14 ', 16' and which is preferably provided on a large surface of the sensor element opposite the first measuring element, for example on the ceramic layer 12e.
  • the second measuring element preferably has a further electrical contact 50.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments of a sensor element illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5, but numerous modifications of this sensor element may be made.
  • it is possible, for example, to provide additional ceramic layers in the sensor element or to simplify the multi-layer structure of the sensor element in relation to the application, as well as to provide further measuring electrodes.
  • the use of several heating and temperature measuring elements is possible.
  • the application of the sensor element described is not limited to the determination of soot particles in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, but it can generally for determining the concentration of particles that change the electrical conductivity of a ceramic substrate during storage, for example in chemical manufacturing processes or

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un élément de détection pour des capteurs de gaz, en particulier pour identifier des particules dans des mélanges gazeux. Cet élément de détection comprend au moins un élément de mesure (14, 16) qui est exposé au gaz à identifier et au moins un élément de mesure de température (30) qui est intégré dans l'élément de détection. Selon cette invention, l'élément de mesure de température (30) est conçu sous forme de thermocouple.
PCT/EP2006/061200 2005-04-22 2006-03-30 Element de detection pour des capteurs de particules et procede pour l'exploiter WO2006111459A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06725448A EP1875198A1 (fr) 2005-04-22 2006-03-30 Element de detection pour des capteurs de particules et procede pour l'exploiter

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005018838.9 2005-04-22
DE102005018838A DE102005018838A1 (de) 2005-04-22 2005-04-22 Sensorelement für Partikelsensoren und Verfahren zum Betrieb desselben

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WO2006111459A1 true WO2006111459A1 (fr) 2006-10-26

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DE (1) DE102005018838A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006111459A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008006640A1 (fr) * 2006-07-14 2008-01-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh ÉLÉment de capteur pour un capteur de particules
FR2917497A1 (fr) * 2007-06-13 2008-12-19 Centre Nat Rech Scient Procede de mesure d'une epaisseur seuil de couche de materia materiau purement resistif, dispositif de mise en oeuvre, et utilisation d'un tel dispositif dans un pot d'echappement
FR2940424A1 (fr) * 2008-12-18 2010-06-25 Centre Nat Rech Scient Dispositif de mesure d'une epaisseur seuil de couche de materiau purement resistif,procede de mesure,procede de dimensionnement d'un tel dispositif et utilisation d'un tel dispositif dans un pot d'echappement.
WO2012052492A1 (fr) * 2010-10-21 2012-04-26 Continental Automotive Gmbh Dispositif de détection de particules

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007047078A1 (de) * 2007-10-01 2009-04-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Sensorelement zur Detektion von Partikeln in einem Gas und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
FR2956435B1 (fr) * 2010-02-16 2012-03-02 Electricfil Automotive Procede et dispositif pour determiner l'etat de fonctionnement d'une sonde de mesure de la quantite de suie dans les gaz d'echappement d'un vehicule
DE202013010565U1 (de) * 2013-11-22 2014-11-24 Seuffer gmbH & Co. KG Tankmodul für einen Flüssigkeitstank

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DE4020385A1 (de) * 1990-06-27 1992-01-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Waermetoenungssensor
DE4223432A1 (de) * 1991-08-14 1993-02-18 Siemens Ag Gassensor mit einem temperaturfuehler
DE10020539A1 (de) * 2000-04-27 2001-11-08 Heraeus Electro Nite Int Messanordnung und Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Ruß-Konzentrationen
US20030196499A1 (en) * 2002-04-17 2003-10-23 Bosch Russell H. Particulate sensor system
DE10319664A1 (de) * 2003-05-02 2004-11-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Sensor zur Detektion von Teilchen

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DE2913866A1 (de) * 1979-04-06 1980-10-23 Bosch Gmbh Robert Messfuehler fuer die bestimmung von bestandteilen in stroemenden gasen
US4656832A (en) * 1982-09-30 1987-04-14 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Detector for particulate density and filter with detector for particulate density
US5918260A (en) * 1997-06-11 1999-06-29 Cts Corporation Gas sensor with multi-level sensitivity circuitry

Patent Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4020385A1 (de) * 1990-06-27 1992-01-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Waermetoenungssensor
DE4223432A1 (de) * 1991-08-14 1993-02-18 Siemens Ag Gassensor mit einem temperaturfuehler
DE10020539A1 (de) * 2000-04-27 2001-11-08 Heraeus Electro Nite Int Messanordnung und Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Ruß-Konzentrationen
US20030196499A1 (en) * 2002-04-17 2003-10-23 Bosch Russell H. Particulate sensor system
DE10319664A1 (de) * 2003-05-02 2004-11-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Sensor zur Detektion von Teilchen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See also references of EP1875198A1 *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008006640A1 (fr) * 2006-07-14 2008-01-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh ÉLÉment de capteur pour un capteur de particules
FR2917497A1 (fr) * 2007-06-13 2008-12-19 Centre Nat Rech Scient Procede de mesure d'une epaisseur seuil de couche de materia materiau purement resistif, dispositif de mise en oeuvre, et utilisation d'un tel dispositif dans un pot d'echappement
WO2009010645A2 (fr) * 2007-06-13 2009-01-22 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Procede de mesure d'une epaisseur seuil de couche de materiau purement resistif, dispositif de mise en oeuvre, et utilisation d'un tel dispositif dans un pot d'echappement
WO2009010645A3 (fr) * 2007-06-13 2009-03-19 Centre Nat Rech Scient Procede de mesure d'une epaisseur seuil de couche de materiau purement resistif, dispositif de mise en oeuvre, et utilisation d'un tel dispositif dans un pot d'echappement
FR2940424A1 (fr) * 2008-12-18 2010-06-25 Centre Nat Rech Scient Dispositif de mesure d'une epaisseur seuil de couche de materiau purement resistif,procede de mesure,procede de dimensionnement d'un tel dispositif et utilisation d'un tel dispositif dans un pot d'echappement.
WO2010076425A1 (fr) * 2008-12-18 2010-07-08 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Dispositif de mesure d'une epaisseur seuil de couche de materiau purement resistif, procede de mesure, procede de dimensionnement d'un tel dispositif et utilisation d'un tel dispositif dans un pot d'echappement
WO2012052492A1 (fr) * 2010-10-21 2012-04-26 Continental Automotive Gmbh Dispositif de détection de particules

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Publication number Publication date
EP1875198A1 (fr) 2008-01-09
DE102005018838A1 (de) 2006-11-30

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