EP1857241A1 - Stop-end shuttering - Google Patents
Stop-end shuttering Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1857241A1 EP1857241A1 EP06358008A EP06358008A EP1857241A1 EP 1857241 A1 EP1857241 A1 EP 1857241A1 EP 06358008 A EP06358008 A EP 06358008A EP 06358008 A EP06358008 A EP 06358008A EP 1857241 A1 EP1857241 A1 EP 1857241A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- formwork
- bars
- reinforcements
- frames
- teeth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
- B28B23/022—Means for inserting reinforcing members into the mould or for supporting them in the mould
- B28B23/024—Supporting means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
- B28B23/04—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members the elements being stressed
- B28B23/043—Wire anchoring or tensioning means for the reinforcements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a slotted formwork device of beam ends reinforced concrete. It makes it possible to form the concrete and to keep the active reinforcements stretched in the molds in the shape of a chute.
- the longitudinal reinforcements are arranged in vertical and horizontal layers.
- the device also makes it possible to maintain reinforcements that can be misaligned vertically.
- the prestressed reinforced concrete beams are manufactured in open molds in the form of trough of generally rectangular section, their length up to 100 m or more.
- active longitudinal reinforcements stretched between two anchor heads located at the ends of the mold.
- the reinforcements are arranged in a bundle whose arrangement is defined by calculation of resistance of the materials. They consist of high tensile steel cables with a diameter ranging from 5 to 15 mm or more.
- Passive longitudinal reinforcement and transversal reinforcement complete the reinforcement of the beams.
- the abutment forms are placed at each end of the beams inside the trough mold perpendicular to the reinforcement beam in order to produce beams of desired length.
- the existing beam end forms are made with rectangular metal plates pierced with holes in which are introduced one by one cables and rebar outside the mold.
- the dimensions of a formwork of abouts are function of the section of the mold, they can reach widths of 500 mm and more for 800 mm and more height.
- the transverse reinforcements are placed on the bundle of reinforcements outside the mold.
- the number of cables in a bundle can reach up to thirty units and more than a diameter of 13 mm for routine production.
- the number of abutment forms can be up to thirty units or more.
- the assembly consisting of reinforcements and formwork abouts, a weight and a large footprint, is then introduced into the chute mold. The operation is carried out manually by the operators assisted by the bridges handling wheels. This daily operation is tedious, painful and dangerous.
- the formwork of pierced metal abutments can not be used because they are prisoners of the reinforcements and can not be removed. They are then made of wood and are destroyed during stripping.
- the cables are vertically aligned, vertically split abutment forms with flexible lip-shaped sealing devices may be used.
- a complementary device for vertical wedging of the reinforcements is associated with the split formwork.
- the slotted formwork allows their placement on the bundle of tensile reinforcement in the chute mold.
- the shape of the transverse reinforcement requires a horizontal shift of the longitudinal active reinforcement. If this vertical misalignment of the active reinforcements is not compatible with the deformation of the sealing lips, the split form forms are not usable in this case.
- the formwork of abouts of reinforced concrete beams according to the invention makes it possible to accept a vertical misalignment of the longitudinal reinforcements.
- the form of beam end caps in the form of a comb, comprises according to a first characteristic vertical teeth separated by sufficiently wide slots to overlap the vertical plies of reinforcements.
- the second feature allows to close these slots on the frames which are found housed and held in orifices arranged on the contour of the teeth.
- the formwork (1) consists of an inverted U-shaped sheet metal plate. Inside the U are arranged vertically pivoting metal bars (2) whose section (section AA) is part of a rectangle; one of the faces, flat and wide, ensures the formwork of the beam end. Projected forms are indentations (3), they are arranged on the formwork faces of the formwork of abouts and bars. When the width of the beam is less than or equal to 200 mm, it is generally not possible to accommodate bars between the reinforcing plies.
- the inverted U-shape of the formwork will be abandoned and the lower part of the formwork will consist entirely of pivoting bars (2) resting on pins (7).
- the external dimensions of the abutment formwork and its external shape depend on the section of the beam.
- the internal dimensions of the U-shape depend on the position of the vertical reinforcing plies (4) and the number of bars (2) depends on the number of vertical plies.
- the inner edges of the U-shape are generally straight.
- Their shape is cylindrical and partially equipped with a flat (12). This flat aligns with the front face of the U-form to form a flat formwork surface. It is also used to promote the stripping of beam ends; it is then maneuvered in rotation in order to exert a force of separation of the formwork.
- At the ends of the pivots are machined two flats (17) opposite, they allow the operation of rotation of the bars with a key.
- a transverse pin (13) passing through each pivot makes it possible to immobilize the bars vertically.
- the misaligned armatures (8) are held laterally in the crenellations by two cam mechanisms (21) articulated on an axis (22) fixed at the rear and bottom of the inverted U-shape (fig2 and 4, section BB). These cams release the slots (9) when the formwork of abouts is free. When the abutment formwork touches the bottom of the chute mold, the cams rest on the bottom of the mold and they pivot which brings their upper part into contact with the frames (8).
- the abutment forms are fixed inside the trough mold by a bolt mechanism (14) actuated by a cam (16) pressing, via two pins (20), on a device of elastic bars (19). ) housed in the bolt.
- the axis (18) maneuver pinned on the cam (16) rotates the cam and moves the bolt that pinches the triangular rail (15) welded to the chute mold.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de coffrage fendu d'abouts de poutre en béton armé. Il permet de coffrer le béton et de maintenir les armatures actives tendues dans les moules en forme de goulotte. Les armatures longitudinales sont disposées en nappes verticales et horizontales. Le dispositif permet aussi de maintenir des armatures pouvant être désalignées verticalement.The present invention relates to a slotted formwork device of beam ends reinforced concrete. It makes it possible to form the concrete and to keep the active reinforcements stretched in the molds in the shape of a chute. The longitudinal reinforcements are arranged in vertical and horizontal layers. The device also makes it possible to maintain reinforcements that can be misaligned vertically.
Les poutres en béton armé précontraint sont fabriquées dans des moules ouverts en forme de goulotte de section généralement rectangulaire, leur longueur pouvant atteindre 100 m voire plus. Dans ces moules sont disposées des armatures longitudinales actives tendues entre deux têtes d'ancrage situées aux extrémités du moule. Les armatures sont rangées en faisceau dont la disposition est définie par calcul de résistance des matériaux. Elles sont constituées de câbles en acier à haute limite élastique de diamètre allant de 5 à 15 mm voire plus. Des armatures longitudinales passives et des armatures transversales complètent le ferraillage des poutres.
Les coffrages d'abouts sont mis en place à chaque extrémité des poutres à l'intérieur du moule goulotte perpendiculairement au faisceau d'armatures afin de réaliser des poutres de longueur voulue.The prestressed reinforced concrete beams are manufactured in open molds in the form of trough of generally rectangular section, their length up to 100 m or more. In these molds are arranged active longitudinal reinforcements stretched between two anchor heads located at the ends of the mold. The reinforcements are arranged in a bundle whose arrangement is defined by calculation of resistance of the materials. They consist of high tensile steel cables with a diameter ranging from 5 to 15 mm or more. Passive longitudinal reinforcement and transversal reinforcement complete the reinforcement of the beams.
The abutment forms are placed at each end of the beams inside the trough mold perpendicular to the reinforcement beam in order to produce beams of desired length.
Les coffrages d'abouts de poutre existants sont réalisés avec des plaques métalliques rectangulaires percées de trous dans lesquels sont introduits un à un les câbles et les barres d'armature à l'extérieur du moule. Les dimensions d'un coffrage d'abouts sont fonction de la section du moule, elles peuvent atteindre des largeurs de 500 mm et plus pour 800 mm et plus de hauteur.
Les armatures transversales sont mises en place sur le faisceau d'armatures à l'extérieur du moule. Le nombre de câbles d'un faisceau peut atteindre trente unités et plus d'un diamètre de 13 mm pour les fabrications courantes. Le nombre de coffrages d'abouts peut atteindre trente unités et plus. L'ensemble constitué des armatures et des coffrages d'abouts, d'un poids et d'un encombrement important, est alors introduit dans le moule goulotte. L'opération est réalisée manuellement par les opérateurs aidés des ponts roulants de manutention. Cette opération quotidienne est fastidieuse, pénible et dangereuse.The existing beam end forms are made with rectangular metal plates pierced with holes in which are introduced one by one cables and rebar outside the mold. The dimensions of a formwork of abouts are function of the section of the mold, they can reach widths of 500 mm and more for 800 mm and more height.
The transverse reinforcements are placed on the bundle of reinforcements outside the mold. The number of cables in a bundle can reach up to thirty units and more than a diameter of 13 mm for routine production. The number of abutment forms can be up to thirty units or more. The assembly consisting of reinforcements and formwork abouts, a weight and a large footprint, is then introduced into the chute mold. The operation is carried out manually by the operators assisted by the bridges handling wheels. This daily operation is tedious, painful and dangerous.
Par ailleurs, si les armatures dépassantes sont crossées ou en forme de boucle, les coffrages d'abouts métalliques percés ne peuvent être utilisés car ils sont prisonniers des armatures et ne peuvent être retirés. Il sont alors fabriqués en bois et sont détruits lors du décoffrage.On the other hand, if the protruding reinforcements are cross-linked or in the form of a loop, the formwork of pierced metal abutments can not be used because they are prisoners of the reinforcements and can not be removed. They are then made of wood and are destroyed during stripping.
Si les câbles sont alignés verticalement, des coffrages d'abouts fendus verticalement et munis de dispositifs d'étanchéité souples en forme de lèvre peuvent être utilisés. Un dispositif complémentaire de calage vertical des armatures est associé aux coffrages fendus.
Les coffrages fendus à lèvres permettent leur mise en place sur le faisceau d'armatures tendues dans le moule goulotte. Cependant la forme des armatures transversales nécessite un décalage horizontal des armatures actives longitudinales. Si ce désalignement vertical des armatures actives n'est pas compatible avec la déformation des lèvres d'étanchéité, les coffrages fendus à lèvres ne sont pas utilisables dans ce cas.If the cables are vertically aligned, vertically split abutment forms with flexible lip-shaped sealing devices may be used. A complementary device for vertical wedging of the reinforcements is associated with the split formwork.
The slotted formwork allows their placement on the bundle of tensile reinforcement in the chute mold. However, the shape of the transverse reinforcement requires a horizontal shift of the longitudinal active reinforcement. If this vertical misalignment of the active reinforcements is not compatible with the deformation of the sealing lips, the split form forms are not usable in this case.
Le coffrage d'abouts de poutres en béton armé selon invention permet d'accepter un désalignement vertical des armatures longitudinales. En effet, le coffrage d'abouts de poutres, en forme de peigne, comporte selon une première caractéristique des dents verticales séparées par des fentes suffisamment larges permettant de chevaucher les nappes verticales d'armatures. La deuxième caractéristique permet de refermer ces fentes sur les armatures qui se retrouvent logées et maintenues dans des orifices aménagés sur le contour des dents.
Après la mise en place des armatures transversales et longitudinales dans le moule goulotte, après avoir tendu les armatures actives ; les fentes des coffrages d'abouts rendent possible la mise en place des coffrages d'abouts par chevauchement des armatures directement dans le moule goulotte. Ces différentes opérations se faisant l'une après l'autre, des moyens simples et légers de manutention peuvent être mis en oeuvre du fait du poids réduit et des encombrements limités de chaque élément. Alors, l'opération de mise en place de l'ensemble du dispositif perd son côté fastidieux, pénible et dangereux ; ce qui améliore les conditions de travail et la sécurité des opérateurs.The formwork of abouts of reinforced concrete beams according to the invention makes it possible to accept a vertical misalignment of the longitudinal reinforcements. Indeed, the form of beam end caps, in the form of a comb, comprises according to a first characteristic vertical teeth separated by sufficiently wide slots to overlap the vertical plies of reinforcements. The second feature allows to close these slots on the frames which are found housed and held in orifices arranged on the contour of the teeth.
After placing the transverse and longitudinal reinforcement in the chute mold, after having tensioned the active frames; the slots of the abutment forms make it possible to install the abutment forms by overlapping the reinforcements directly in the trough mold. These different operations being done one after the other, simple and light handling means can be implemented because of the reduced weight and limited dimensions of each element. Then, the operation of setting up the entire device loses its tedious side, painful and dangerous; which improves the working conditions and the safety of the operators.
Les dessins annexés illustrent l'invention :The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention:
- La figure 1 représente le coffrage vu de face. Deux barreaux étant en position ouvert et deux barreaux étant en position fermé.Figure 1 shows the formwork seen from the front. Two bars being in open position and two bars being in closed position.
- La figure 2 représente le coffrage vu de profil.Figure 2 shows the formwork seen in profile.
- La figure 3 représente une section horizontale d'un barreau.Figure 3 shows a horizontal section of a bar.
- La figure 4 représente le détail du mécanisme de calage latéral d'une armature désalignée.Figure 4 shows the detail of the lateral locking mechanism of a misaligned frame.
- La figure 5 représente le détail du mécanisme de blocage des coffrages d'about dans des moules goulotte.Figure 5 shows the detail of the locking mechanism of end forms in chute molds.
Le coffrage (1) est constitué d'une plaque en tôle en forme de U renversé. A l'intérieur du U sont disposés verticalement des barreaux (2) métalliques pivotants dont la section (coupe AA) s'inscrit dans un rectangle ; une des faces, plane et large, assure le coffrage de l'about de poutre. Des formes en sailli constituent des indentations (3), elles sont disposées sur les faces coffrantes du coffrage d'abouts et des barreaux.
Lorsque la largeur de la poutre est inférieure ou égale à 200 mm, il n'est généralement pas possible de loger des barreaux entre les nappes d'armatures. La forme en U inversé du coffrage sera abandonnée et la partie basse du coffrage sera entièrement constituée de barreaux (2) pivotants s'appuyant sur des broches (7).
Les dimensions extérieures du coffrage d'abouts et sa forme extérieure dépendent de la section de la poutre. Les dimensions intérieures de la forme en U dépendent de la position des nappes verticales d'armatures (4) et le nombre de barreaux (2) dépend du nombre de nappes verticales.
Les bords intérieurs de la forme en U sont généralement rectilignes.The formwork (1) consists of an inverted U-shaped sheet metal plate. Inside the U are arranged vertically pivoting metal bars (2) whose section (section AA) is part of a rectangle; one of the faces, flat and wide, ensures the formwork of the beam end. Projected forms are indentations (3), they are arranged on the formwork faces of the formwork of abouts and bars.
When the width of the beam is less than or equal to 200 mm, it is generally not possible to accommodate bars between the reinforcing plies. The inverted U-shape of the formwork will be abandoned and the lower part of the formwork will consist entirely of pivoting bars (2) resting on pins (7).
The external dimensions of the abutment formwork and its external shape depend on the section of the beam. The internal dimensions of the U-shape depend on the position of the vertical reinforcing plies (4) and the number of bars (2) depends on the number of vertical plies.
The inner edges of the U-shape are generally straight.
Les barreaux pivotants sont utilisés dans deux positions à 90° l'une de l'autre :
- 1) Les barreaux étant positionnés de face (fig1 fermé) dans la forme en U du coffrage, ils ont des largeurs et des hauteurs permettant de couvrir la totalité de la surface intérieure du U. Le contour crénelé (5) de la face avant des barreaux forme entre eux et avec l'intérieur du U des orifices permettant le passage des armatures (4). Les faces avant des barreaux sont alignées avec la face avant du coffrage en U. Dans le cas particulier où les nappes d'armatures verticales ne sont pas suffisamment espacées pour loger un barreau, des créneaux (6) plus profonds seront réalisés, ils chevaucheront horizontalement deux armatures.
Le positionnement horizontal des armatures des deux nappes verticales rapprochées sera assuré par des broches (7) de section appropriée à l'espace existant entre les nappes. Les broches seront fixées sur le coffrage en U. Les parties crénelées des barreaux s'appuieront sur les broches et l'ensemble constituera les orifices de logement des armatures. - 2) Les barreaux étant positionnés de profil (fig1 ouvert) et leur épaisseur étant moins importante que leur largeur, ils dégagent des fentes (9) permettant de chevaucher les nappes verticales d'armatures tendues.
- 1) The bars being positioned from the front (fig1 closed) in the U-shape of the formwork, they have widths and heights to cover the entire inner surface of the U. The crenellated contour (5) of the front face of the bars form between them and with the interior of the U orifices allowing the passage of the frames (4). The front faces of the bars are aligned with the front face of the U-shaped formwork. In the particular case where the vertical reinforcement plies are not spaced apart enough to accommodate a bar, crenels (6) deeper will be made, they will overlap horizontally two frames.
The horizontal positioning of the reinforcements of the two vertical sheets close together will be provided by pins (7) of appropriate section to the space existing between the layers. The pins will be fixed on the formwork U. The crenellated parts of the bars will be based on the pins and the assembly will be the housing holes of the frames. - 2) The bars being positioned in profile (fig1 open) and their thickness being less than their width, they give off slits (9) for overlapping the vertical sheets of tensioned frames.
Des pivots (11) métalliques solidaires des barreaux, logés dans des paliers (10) aménagés dans la partie transversale du coffrage en U, assure le maintient et le positionnement des barreaux. Leur forme est cylindrique et partiellement équipée d'un méplat (12). Ce méplat s'aligne avec la face avant du coffrage en U pour constituer une surface plane de coffrage. Il sert aussi à favoriser le décoffrage des abouts de poutre ; il est alors manoeuvré en rotation afin d'exercer un effort de décollement du coffrage.
Aux extrémités des pivots sont usinés deux méplats (17) opposés, ils permettent la manoeuvre en rotation des barreaux à l'aide d'une clé. Une goupille (13) transversale traversant chaque pivot, permet d'immobiliser verticalement les barreaux.Metal pivots (11) integral with the bars, housed in bearings (10) arranged in the transverse part of the U-formwork, ensure the maintenance and positioning of the bars. Their shape is cylindrical and partially equipped with a flat (12). This flat aligns with the front face of the U-form to form a flat formwork surface. It is also used to promote the stripping of beam ends; it is then maneuvered in rotation in order to exert a force of separation of the formwork.
At the ends of the pivots are machined two flats (17) opposite, they allow the operation of rotation of the bars with a key. A transverse pin (13) passing through each pivot makes it possible to immobilize the bars vertically.
Les armatures désalignées (8) sont maintenues latéralement dans les créneaux par deux mécanismes à came (21) articulée sur un axe (22) fixé à l'arrière et en bas de la forme en U inversé (fig2 et 4, coupe BB). Ces cames libèrent les fentes (9) quand le coffrage d'abouts est libre. Quand le coffrage d'abouts touche le fond du moule goulotte, les cames s'appuient sur le fond du moule et elles pivotent ce qui amène leur partie haute au contact des armatures (8).The misaligned armatures (8) are held laterally in the crenellations by two cam mechanisms (21) articulated on an axis (22) fixed at the rear and bottom of the inverted U-shape (fig2 and 4, section BB). These cams release the slots (9) when the formwork of abouts is free. When the abutment formwork touches the bottom of the chute mold, the cams rest on the bottom of the mold and they pivot which brings their upper part into contact with the frames (8).
Les coffrages d'abouts sont fixés à l'intérieur du moule goulotte par un mécanisme de pêne (14) actionné par une came (16) appuyant, par l'intermédiaire de deux pions (20), sur un dispositif de barres élastiques (19) logées dans le pêne. L'axe (18) de manoeuvre, goupillé sur la came (16), fait tourner la came et déplace le pêne qui vient pincer le rail triangulaire (15) soudé sur le moule goulotte.The abutment forms are fixed inside the trough mold by a bolt mechanism (14) actuated by a cam (16) pressing, via two pins (20), on a device of elastic bars (19). ) housed in the bolt. The axis (18) maneuver pinned on the cam (16) rotates the cam and moves the bolt that pinches the triangular rail (15) welded to the chute mold.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06358008A EP1857241A1 (en) | 2006-05-16 | 2006-05-16 | Stop-end shuttering |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06358008A EP1857241A1 (en) | 2006-05-16 | 2006-05-16 | Stop-end shuttering |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1857241A1 true EP1857241A1 (en) | 2007-11-21 |
Family
ID=37398806
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP06358008A Withdrawn EP1857241A1 (en) | 2006-05-16 | 2006-05-16 | Stop-end shuttering |
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EP (1) | EP1857241A1 (en) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2254946A5 (en) * | 1973-12-17 | 1975-07-11 | Costamagna & Cie B M | Production system for concrete railway sleepers - has portal frames with vertically movable reinforcement positioning beam |
US4316595A (en) * | 1980-10-27 | 1982-02-23 | Ronald M. Wheeler | Concrete post forming apparatus |
WO2000029182A1 (en) * | 1998-11-17 | 2000-05-25 | Grimbergen Holding B.V. | Device for the manufacturing of moulded products of reinforced concrete |
DE19907781A1 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2000-08-31 | Dennert Kg Veit | Molding box has flat hollow base, lengthwise and transverse walls, tension bars and nuts on threaded ends of tie rods. |
FR2883591A1 (en) * | 2005-03-25 | 2006-09-29 | Armand Francois Santonja | Comb-like split formwork for reinforced concrete beam end, has teeth with pivoting bars revealing slits, and front sides having crenated contour forming orifices between them for passage and positioning of beam`s longitudinal reinforcements |
-
2006
- 2006-05-16 EP EP06358008A patent/EP1857241A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2254946A5 (en) * | 1973-12-17 | 1975-07-11 | Costamagna & Cie B M | Production system for concrete railway sleepers - has portal frames with vertically movable reinforcement positioning beam |
US4316595A (en) * | 1980-10-27 | 1982-02-23 | Ronald M. Wheeler | Concrete post forming apparatus |
WO2000029182A1 (en) * | 1998-11-17 | 2000-05-25 | Grimbergen Holding B.V. | Device for the manufacturing of moulded products of reinforced concrete |
DE19907781A1 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2000-08-31 | Dennert Kg Veit | Molding box has flat hollow base, lengthwise and transverse walls, tension bars and nuts on threaded ends of tie rods. |
FR2883591A1 (en) * | 2005-03-25 | 2006-09-29 | Armand Francois Santonja | Comb-like split formwork for reinforced concrete beam end, has teeth with pivoting bars revealing slits, and front sides having crenated contour forming orifices between them for passage and positioning of beam`s longitudinal reinforcements |
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