EP1850758B1 - Schallmonitor - Google Patents

Schallmonitor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1850758B1
EP1850758B1 EP06708291A EP06708291A EP1850758B1 EP 1850758 B1 EP1850758 B1 EP 1850758B1 EP 06708291 A EP06708291 A EP 06708291A EP 06708291 A EP06708291 A EP 06708291A EP 1850758 B1 EP1850758 B1 EP 1850758B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sound
sounds
monitor according
electronic sound
cpu
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EP06708291A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1850758B8 (de
EP1850758A1 (de
Inventor
Magnus Sorlander
Tal Martin Herer
Aditya Heerah
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Computerized Medical Technology in Sweden AB
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Cumputerized Medical Technology in Sweden AB
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/02—Mechanical acoustic impedances; Impedance matching, e.g. by horns; Acoustic resonators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B7/00—Instruments for auscultation
    • A61B7/02—Stethoscopes
    • A61B7/04—Electric stethoscopes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B7/00—Instruments for auscultation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/46—Special adaptations for use as contact microphones, e.g. on musical instrument, on stethoscope
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2430/00—Signal processing covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
    • H04R2430/01—Aspects of volume control, not necessarily automatic, in sound systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sound monitor for thoracic and abdominal organs, which is primarily intended to be used as a stethoscope.
  • the commonly used acoustic stethoscope was invented in 1816 by a Doctor Laennec. The basic design has not been altered since then.
  • the ordinary acoustic stethoscope has a membrane covered chestpiece, which is connected to a flexible tube; this tube is spilt into two parts each having an ear piece.
  • the sound from e.g. a beating heart is captured by the chestpiece and the sound is passed on to the ears of the auscultator, i.e. generally a doctor.
  • Another problem occurs in teaching when teaching the student/-s to differentiate between different sounds relating to e.g. the heart cycle only one person can listen at a time. There is no possibility of pointing out a specific sound related to a specific event in the heart.
  • the sound produced by an organ of a living is picked up by a chest piece in the form of pressure waves and from there routed to a flexible acoustic tube, which continues in two acoustic conduits each ending with an ear piece.
  • Acoustic pressure sound waves
  • the success of the auscultation is thus inherently dependent not only on the stethoscope but also the ears and perception of the auscultator is part of the process.
  • the hearing in different persons naturally differ between the persons and also in the same person the hearing changes with age. Sounds which the young person easily perceives may be totally impossible for the older person to hear.
  • the traditionally used chest piece has a further drawback in that when the person listening to bodily sounds e.g. the heart sounds he may want to listen at several locations. The reasons may be that the sound is transplanted differently in different directions or when listening to the lungs the doctor listens normally at several quite closely place locations. This means that when the chest piece is moved it is lifted away from the body and put down at a new location. While the chest piece is lifted all sounds from the body are cut off. This gives the doctor several occasions to adjust to listening at every location as the process is broken off when chest piece is lifted.
  • Electronic stethoscopes with amplification and filtering of sounds are known within the art.
  • the sound from biological activity is picked up by a microphone and the signal may be filtered such as to remove noise etc.
  • the filtering is also indicated as being e.g. selective in order to remove signals emanating from another organ than the one which is the focus of the investigation.
  • the signal is thereafter sent to a loud speaker in the conduits of the stethoscope.
  • a stethoscope is known from a published US patent application US 2003/0072457 (published April 17,2004 ), as well as a published US patent application US 2005/0014999 .
  • Electronic stethoscopes comprising a handheld chest piece communicating with an ear piece or other apparatuses as loudspeakers, recording means etc are also known within the art.
  • transducers capable of reproducing the full range or close to the full range of sound generated by the body organs.
  • Heart sounds generally lie within the span 17 - 500 Hz.
  • Key frequencies of interest lie within the span of 17 - 200 Hz, and some of the more important sounds are found between 17 - 70 Hz.
  • Small loudspeakers and other transducers have difficulties reproducing this lower frequency range, thus the choice of ear pieces in the prior art is natural.
  • An object of the invention is an electronic stethoscope, below termed “sound monitor” or “monitor” having improved functionality and design.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide for an electronic sound monitor which gives the doctor an enhanced and easy to use tool in everyday practice and also during auscultations when there are several listeners.
  • a further object of the invention is to make possible the use of small loud speakers or other electrical to audio transducers, which are not capable of representing the frequencies generated by the organs of interest. Further objects are solved by the invention through the method devised which involves frequency manipulation of sounds to be reproduced on these devices. This same method has an additional use.
  • a loud speaker or audio transducer can represent sounds not easily audible by the listener due to limitations of the human in general or a specific defect of the listener's hearing. This method can bring previously inaudible sound into ranges more suitable for the individual.
  • An example of an organ sound may be heart murmurs. These sounds may occur in addition to normal heart sounds or may even replace aspects of normal heart sounds. To detect or identify these murmurs the sounds are according to the invention altered in aspect so as to intensify the sounds of interest. Organs of the body like the heart have a predictable sequence of sounds. Methods to identify these sequences may include e.g. following selectable options of:
  • All of the above may be used singly or in combination, selectable by the listener to most effectively target the sounds of interest. Additionally the processing methodology allows automatic adjustments of the parameters that control sound manipulation. This enables the device to maintain the most effective output, tracking changes in the nature of organ sounds.
  • the present invention comprises a sound monitor for use as a stethoscope comprising at least one transducer for transforming vibrations to electrical signals, filtering means, A/D- and D/A-converter means, amplification means, processing means, a sound chamber, in which at least one transducer for transforming electrical signals to sound, is arranged, and a sound channel opening into said sound chamber, said sound channel adapted to forward the sound from the sound chamber through an opening connecting the sound channel with the ambient air.
  • the sound chamber solely leads to the sound channel and the throat, chamber and channel combination is designed to produce a horn effect.
  • the transducer for transforming vibrations to electrical signals is arranged in a vibration colleting structure.
  • a further embodiment of the invention resides in manipulating the sound picked up by the sound monitor such that the frequency is scaled such that the "information" is effectively lifted in pitch facilitating use of small loudspeakers. Examples of these are:
  • a special type of signal processing is used which will scale the information such that the timing of each sounds is virtually correct. This is done using a variety and combination of methods according to the invention to be described below.
  • the chest piece has no acoustic tubing for connecting the chest piece directly with any ear pieces.
  • a power amplifier is used to drive a small speaker mounted within the device such that multiple listeners in a room may make experience the selected human organ sounds. This amplifier has considerably more power than one used to drive ear phones.
  • ear pieces may still be used to connect to a common apparatus for distribution of the sounds to several listening persons.
  • the ear pieces connected to the common apparatus may also be used in order to keep surrounding noise at a low level and thereby facilitating the perception of sounds.
  • a common stethoscope for use in listening to bodily sounds such as the sounds emanating from a human heart.
  • Such a stethoscope is shown in Fig. 1 .
  • a chest piece 101 which is attached to a flexible acoustic tubing 102, which is divide into two binaurals 103, 104 each exhibiting an attached ear piece 105, 106.
  • the sound is picked up by the chest piece an effectively passed as sound waves into the ear of the listener.
  • This is a representative picture of the old type of stethoscope.
  • the sound is picked up not by the chest piece by a microphone.
  • This microphone may be placed in a small container attached as a part of the flexible acoustic tubing e.g. where the tubing divides into the binaurals.
  • the container may include a microphone, an amplifier and a loudspeaker. This arrangement works in the analog mode, exhibit simple filtering means and may also have a possibility of storing and replaying at half the speed.
  • the sound monitor shown in figures 2 - 4 , comprises an upper 211 and a lower part 210.
  • the lower part 210 a vibration collecting structure, is also termed the bell.
  • a cushion is, in this embodiment, arranged such as to contact the body.
  • the bell has a further bell-shaped structure arranged inside the bell 210 in which the transducer, e.g. a microphone, is arranged. The two arrangements will be commented further below. Further embodiments are described in connection with Fig.8 .
  • this lower part may in further embodiments be a protruding or built-in vibration collecting structure comprising a vibration receiving means which may be e.g. be a microphone or a piezo-electric means, for the purpose of this application termed transducers of vibrations to electrical signals.
  • a vibration receiving means which may be e.g. be a microphone or a piezo-electric means, for the purpose of this application termed transducers of vibrations to electrical signals.
  • lower and upper part refers to the set-up in Fig. 2 as shown.
  • the lower part 210 comprises the vibration transducer and the collecting structure therefore.
  • the bell-shaped lower part 210 comprises a liquid-filled cushion.
  • Fig. 2 the upper part 211 of the sound monitor is shown from above.
  • a button for start/stop listening 201, a button for start/stop recording 202, speaker outlet 203, a volume control 204, a LCD display 205, an IR port 206, a head set outlet 207, and a menu control 208 are shown. It should be understood that this is a schematic drawing and that the design of the sound monitor may be adapted such as to be easily used with one hand.
  • Fig. 3 the sound monitor is seen in a side view showing the upper part 211 having a start/stop listening 201 button (the button for start/stop recording 202 not shown), the IR port 206, and a head set outlet 207.
  • Fig. 4 a section parallel to the upper surface of the sound monitor approximately along the line A - A in Fig. 3 is shown.
  • the loud speaker 214 a circuit board with CPU 213, part of the sound channel 212, and the throat 218 of the sound channel 212 are indicated.
  • a section along the line B - B in Fig. 3 is shown here in the upper part 211 are the LCD display 205, the circuit board with CPU 213, the arrangement of the sound chamber 215, the sound channel 212, and the throat 218.
  • the sound chamber 215 a loud speaker 214 is arranged. This arrangement will be further discussed below in connection with Fig 6 .
  • the channel and the chamber (215) are arranged as shown in order to enhance the lower frequencies.
  • Using the channel and chamber makes sure that sound of lower frequencies are not only scaled up but also directionally focused. Sounds of low frequencies spread around whereas the higher pitched sounds are directional.
  • FIG. 6a and 6b In conjunction with Fig. 6a and 6b one embodiment of the arrangement of throat, channel, and chamber will be described. The embodiment is the one shown in Fig. 6a . In the two figures the same reference numbers refer to the corresponding detail. The arrangement of the loudspeaker, chamber, channel and throat are critical to the performance of the device.
  • the physical limits of the device are schematically indicated by the dashed line 220. This is only to indicate that the entire channel 212 except the opening or throat 218 of the channel is enclosed within the device.
  • a chamber 209 is situated in the opposite end of the channel 212 from the throat 218 .
  • a small loudspeaker 214 is arranged for sending out the picked up sounds having undergone signal treatment in the device.
  • the two figures differ in that the throat 218 and the loudspeakers 209 are somewhat different arranged.
  • complete enclosure of the loudspeaker facilitates easier cleaning as there are fewer openings in the device housing.
  • the channel design may follow curved paths in order that the overall arrangement can be accommodated within the physical dimensions of the device.
  • the design of throat 218 uses exponential curves to form a flared horn.
  • the throat, chamber, and channel combination is designed to produce a horn effect for maximum sensitivity and directionality. This arrangement thus provides the highest sound output with increased directionality.
  • the design employs a direct radiating loudspeaker with the throat and channel arrangement providing reinforcement of the bass frequencies.
  • the throat is narrower compared with embodiment according to Fig. 6a .
  • the throat, chamber and channel combination is designed so that the throat output augments the output from the speaker, reinforcing the low frequencies.
  • the direct radiating loudspeaker, radiating through an opening directly into the air gives greater dispersion of sound which may be advantageous where several listeners are involved. The sound thus comes directly from the loud speaker and also indirectly through the sound channel.
  • the volume control button may be maneuvered using e.g. the thumb. As shown, two buttons are arranged at the front of the upper part (one not visible, being on the back side) for use in maneuvering the listening etc.
  • the functionality of the sound monitor may be arranged such that the auscultator holds the chest piece/sound monitor in the palm of the hand such that the loud speaker will be situated between the fingers.
  • the thumb is used for the volume control, and the middle finger controls the off/on buttons.
  • the device starts an "active listening", i.e. the sounds are picked up and the sounds will be heard through the loudspeaker.
  • the active listening is aim at identifying the specific sound feature which is looked for.
  • a recording is started by pressing the recording button with the middle finger.
  • the device is removed from the body and by once more pressing the recording button with the middle finger a repeating playback of the last recorded sound.
  • sound is here meant the sound over a predetermined period to be decided e.g. by the user depending on the application.
  • the signals representing the recorded sound may be treated using filtering etc.
  • the cushion is preferably filled with a suitable medium. This is done in order to reduce the loss of frequency and levels during the transition of the picked up sounds between different media.
  • acoustic stethoscope the sound comes from the body, the body comprising mostly fluid, is transferred through air to a pick up device (in the acoustic stethoscope there is actually no pick-up device as the sound is transferred through the tubing directly to the ear, the ear being the pick-up device
  • this is substituted by the following transitions: from the body, comprising mostly fluid, the sound is transferred through a liquid and from there to a vibration collecting structure and vibration transducer.
  • a liquid having low viscosity e.g. methanol. Material having a viscosity in the higher ranges gives less noise however lower viscosity gives better amplification or rather less of the sound is lost as compared to air.
  • a high viscosity liquid or even a gel may be employed to deliberately curtail the reception of higher frequencies.
  • An embodiment of the invention may be electrically implemented as is shown in the block diagram in Fig. 7 .
  • the vibration transducer 701 is arranged in the part of the device which is pressed against the body to pick up bodily sounds.
  • the analog signals from the same will appear on the input of the input amplifier 703.
  • the signals are there amplified and thereafter treated in an analog filter 705 comprising: band pass filter, high pass filter, and low pass filter.
  • the filtered signals are applied on an analog gain amplifier 706 comprising two input gain controls, respectively.
  • the amplified signals are then converted in a two channel A/D-converter 707 to digital signals. These digital signals are applied on the input of a digital signal processor 708.
  • the digital signal processor 708 comprises a clock source 709.
  • auxiliary transducer 702 with corresponding input amplifier 704 and a corresponding signal path as clear from the above description and the diagram.
  • auxiliary transducer 702 There are two possible uses for the auxiliary transducer 702:
  • the digital signal processor 708 is adapted to apply the special signal treatment described below in connection with the figures
  • switches 710 On the device there are controls, here shown as a number of switches 710, which are adapted to allow option selection and parameter control for input to the digital signal processor 708 on which a program is run.
  • LCD matrix display 711 for displaying data by the program, either showing chosen options/parameters or showing messages from the program.
  • the LCD-display may also in one embodiment be adapted to show wave forms untreated or treated sounds.
  • a scroll control 712 for LCD menus is also arranged.
  • a solid state storage 713 for replay and analysis of captured audio data is also arranged.
  • the device may optionally have means for e.g. IR or radio communication with an external storage device (not shown) for further storage of audio data.
  • the signals treated in the digital signal processor 708 according to the program run on the same and under the conditions laid down by the option selected and the chosen parameters there producing corresponding signals transformed according to the inputs.
  • the transformed signals are then treated in a digital to analog converter 715.
  • the output is subjected to gain control in a power amplifier 716, which may be manipulated by the user.
  • a small loudspeaker e.g. having a diameter of approx. 5 cm or less, is arranged.
  • An optional earphone or headphone output 718 may be arranged. Headphones 719 are shown in the drawing.
  • Fig. 8 is shown further embodiments of the sound monitor according to the invention.
  • the part of the monitor named lower part alt, bell in the foregoing may also be designed differently.
  • the lower part will in connection with this figure be termed vibration collecting structure and this is intended to cover both the transducer for transforming vibrations to electrical signals and the structure, in which the transducer is mounted, where the structure exhibits different geometrical forms.
  • Fig. 8a is shown an example of the "bell" which does not answer to the form of a traditional bell, rather to a bowl-like form. In this bowl the transducer is mounted.
  • Fig. 8b is shown an embodiment in which the vibration collecting structure is essentially built into the monitor.
  • the structure here has a cylindrical form with either a circular or oval cross-section.
  • Fig. 8c shows the corresponding structure as mounted on the bottom of the monitor and finally Fig. 8 d illustrates the vibration collecting structure and the transducer as essentially built-in in the monitor.
  • Fig. 8 e exemplifies that the cross-section of the surrounding structure may exhibit different forms.
  • the transducer for transforming vibrations to electrical signals may not only comprise what is normally termed as a microphone but also may consist of a piezoelectric element or a piezoelectric film which is mounted in the cylinder, surrounding structure, extended on a adapted frame member in a pre-stressed state covering essentially the cross-section of the cylinder.
  • the piezoelectric film may also be arranged on one of both sides of the cushion.
  • the film should also here be tight and extended. In this manner the piezoelectric film will essentially be in direct contact with the skin of the patient the vibrations will be captured by the piezoelectric film and transformed into electrical signals.
  • the program for use in the digital signal processing of the signals according to the invention may either be a loadable software or partly implemented as hardware in the device.
  • a signal treatment has been devised in which the pitch of the sound is raised without changing the timescale of the sound. This is important, as the lifting up of the sounds to higher frequencies allows for using small loudspeakers, to hear sounds that would hardly be audible and by conserving the timescale of the sounds e.g. a normal heart cycle is easy to identify.
  • the frequency shifting (scaling up) of the sound should of course be individual to the person depending among other things on the hearing of that person.
  • Fig. 9a is shown a digital analysis by FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) method of a possible signal.
  • a signal waveform may be analyzed in this manner in sections.
  • the FFT method produces a list of the constituent frequencies, their magnitude, and relative relationship.
  • the individual components are pure sine waves which are easy to describe mathematically, and so may be scaled to differing frequencies. These new frequencies are recombined with the same relative relationship to produce a pitch shifted version of the original as seen in Fig 9b .
  • a characteristic of FFT analysis is that it does require significant computing power.
  • the device's digital signal processor may not be able to provide this level of computing on a continuous basis. Therefore other schemes are used to achieve pitch shifting which require less computational overhead.
  • Fig. 9c and 9d demonstrates a scheme that requires the least computation.
  • a window of waveform samples is replayed at double rate and replicated.
  • cross-fading between windows minimizes artifacts.
  • Fig. 9e and 9f show how cycles may be replicated and replayed at twice speed to achieve a doubling of pitch and retention of the original duration .
  • Figs. 9g and 9h show half cycle replication at twice speed. In this case the polarity of each replicated half cycle must be inverted to achieve the smoothest splice.
  • the signal may not be represented by a smooth curve.
  • the phenomenon is more or less severe depending on how close the sampling is done.
  • algorithms for smoothing the signal which are known in signal processing especially in the recording of music. Some of the algorithms require a re-sampling of the signal. This may be achieved at a mathematical level from the original data. Alternatively an additional analog to digital converter can be employed which operates at a different sampling frequency from the first. Utilization of this second converter minimizes computational overhead. This is important as some of these calculations require a lot of computational capacity and the combination of computational methods will speed up the process and save processor space.
  • the invention allows treatment of sounds using a mix of the above processes.
  • the type of "sampling" according to the invention is also illustrated in Fig. 10 . This is exemplified in the Fig 10a-10b . In the figures volume/magnitude of a signal is plotted as a function of time.
  • Fig 9g an original waveform is plotted and a window is indicated by a horizontal arrow.
  • the method used is pitch shift by half cycle replication.
  • the resulting pitch doubled waveform is shown in Fig. 9h .
  • the equivalent time window is indicated.
  • a further use of the FFT analysis technique by the device is to identify the most commonly encountered heart or other organ abnormalities.
  • the cushion according to the invention gives the benefit of reducing external noise and removes some of the interruptions when moving the sound monitors on the body as described above.
  • the cushion may be replaced by a bell-type means.
  • the bell will be surrounded by an outer protective shell and is resiliently suspended using threads or other flexible suspension. This has shown to give good results.
  • the inner bell will be in contact with the skin of the patient but the fingers of the auscultator will be in contact with the outer shell of the bell. Thus no noise will be transferred to the inner device.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
  • Headphones And Earphones (AREA)
  • Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Testing Of Individual Semiconductor Devices (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Elektronisches Schallüberwachungsgerät zur Verwendung als Stethoskop, aufweisend mindestens einen Umwandler zum Umwandeln von Schwingungen in elektrische Signale (217; 701, 702), Filtermittel (705), A/D- und D/A-Umwandlungsmittel (707, 715), Verstärkungsmittel (703, 704, 706, 716), Verarbeitungs-mittel (708), eine Schallkammer (215) in welcher mindestens ein Umwandler zum Umwandeln elektrischer Signale in Schall (214) angeordnet ist, und einen Schallkanal (212), der in die Schall-kammer mündet, wobei der Schallkanal geeignet ist, den Schall von der Schallkammer (215) durch einen engen Durchlass (218), der den Schallkanal mit der Raumluft verbindet, weiterzuleiten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schallkammer (215) allein zu dem Schallkanal (212) führt und die Kombination aus engem Durchlass/Schallkammer und Schallkanal zur Erzeugung eines Horneffekts konzipiert ist.
  2. Elektronisches Schallüberwachungsgerät nach Anspruch 1, in dem der Umwandler zum Umwandeln von Schwingungen in elektrische Signale (217; 701, 702) in einer Schwingungssammlungsstruktur (210) des Überwachungsgerätes angeordnet ist.
  3. Elektronisches Schallüberwachungsgerät nach Anspruch 2, in dem die Schwingungssammlungsstruktur (210) des Überwachungsgerätes in Form einer Glocke gebildet ist.
  4. Elektronisches Schallüberwachungsgerät nach Anspruch 2, in dem die Schwingungssammlungsstruktur (210) des Überwachungsgerätes eine im Allgemeinen zylindrische Form aufweist.
  5. Elektronisches Schallüberwachungsgerät nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, in dem der Umwandler zum Umwandeln von Schwingungen in elektrische Signale (217; 701, 702) in einem innerhalb der Schwingungssammlungsstruktur (210) angeordneten Dämpfer des Überwachungsgerätes enthalten ist, wobei der Dämpfer geeignet ist, gegen den Körper einer Person gedrückt zu werden.
  6. Elektronisches Schallüberwachungsgerät nach Anspruch 3, in dem der Umwandler zum Umwandeln von Schwingungen in elektrische Signale (217; 701, 702) in einem inneren glockenförmigen Teil aufgehängt ist, der innerhalb des glockenförmigen Teils (210) des Überwachungsgerätes angeordnet ist und geeignet ist, gegen den Körper einer Person gedrückt zu werden.
  7. Elektronisches Schallüberwachungsgerät nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, in dem der enge Durchlass (218) des Schallkanals (212) ausgeweitet wird und in einer Öffnung am oberen Teil (211) des Überwachungsgerätes endet.
  8. Elektronisches Schallüberwachungsgerät nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, in dem der Dämpfer mit einer Flüssigkeit gefüllt ist, die eine Viskosität hat, die in dem Grobbereich von 0,6 bis 1,6 cP liegt.
  9. Elektronisches Schallüberwachungsgerät nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, in dem der Dämpfer mit einem Gel gefüllt ist, das eine Viskosität hat, die in dem Grobbereich von 40 bis 2000 cP liegt.
  10. Elektronisches Schallüberwachungsgerät nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, in dem ein Programm, das in der CPU (213) läuft, Tonhöhenänderung von erfassten Schallen im analogen oder digitalen Bereich verursacht, wobei die originale Ausgabedauer durch Multiplizieren von abgetasteten Schallen beibehalten wird.
  11. Elektronisches Schallüberwachungsgerät nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, in dem ein Programm, das in der CPU (213) läuft, Tonhöhenänderung von erfassten Schallen im analogen oder digitalen Bereich verursacht, wobei die originale Ausgabedauer geändert wird.
  12. Elektronisches Schallüberwachungsgerät nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, in dem ein Programm, das in der CPU (213) läuft, Tonhöhenänderung von erfassten Schallen im analogen oder digitalen Bereich verursacht, ohne die tatsächliche Tonhöhe zu ändern, durch Einstellen der relativen Phase von Hochfrequenz- und Niederfrequenz-Komponenten.
  13. Elektronisches Schallüberwachungsgerät nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, in dem ein Programm, das in der CPU (213) läuft, die Aspekte von lauten und leisen Schallen ändert, so dass die leisen Schalle nicht durch die lauten Schalle stark überdeckt werden, durch Einstellen der relativen Lautstärken von Teilen, die in rhythmischen Sequenzen vorkommen.
  14. Elektronisches Schallüberwachungsgerät nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, in dem ein Programm, das in der CPU (213) läuft, allgemein auftretende rhythmische Sequenzen von den Organen des Körpers identifiziert.
  15. Verfahren, das mit einem elektronischen Schallüberwachungsgerät nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zu verwenden ist, in dem ein Programm, das in der CPU (213) läuft, Tonhöhenänderung von erfassten Schallen im analogen oder digitalen Bereich verursacht, wobei die originale Ausgabedauer durch Multiplizieren von abgetasteten Schallen beibehalten wird.
  16. Verfahren, das mit einem elektronischen Schallüberwachungsgerät nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14 zu verwenden ist, in dem ein Programm, das in der CPU (213) läuft, Tonhöhenände-rung von erfassten Schallen im analogen und digitalen Bereich verursacht, wobei die originale Ausgabedauer geändert wird.
  17. Verfahren, das mit einem elektronischen Schallüberwachungsgerät nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14 zu verwenden ist, in dem ein Programm, das in der CPU (213) läuft, wahrgenommene Tonhöhenänderung von erfassten Schallen im analogen oder digitalen Bereich verursacht, ohne die tatsächliche Tonhöhe zu ändern, durch Einstellen der relativen Phase von Hochfrequenz- und Niederfrequenz-Komponenten.
  18. Verfahren, das mit einem elektronischen Schallüberwachungsgerät nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14 zu verwenden ist, in dem ein Programm, das in der CPU (213) läuft, die Aspekte von lauten und leisen Schallen ändert, so dass die leisen Schalle nicht durch die lauten Schalle stark überdeckt werden, durch Ein-stellen der relativen Lautstärken von Teilen, die in rhythmischen Sequenzen auftreten.
  19. Verfahren, das mit einem elektronischen Schallüberwachungsgerät nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14 zu verwenden ist, in dem ein Programm, das in der CPU (213) läuft, allgemein vorkommende rhythmische Sequenzen von den Organen des Körpers identifiziert.
EP06708291A 2005-02-21 2006-02-15 Schallmonitor Active EP1850758B8 (de)

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SE0500397A SE528409C2 (sv) 2005-02-21 2005-02-21 Ljudmonitor
US59743305P 2005-12-01 2005-12-01
PCT/EP2006/050965 WO2006087345A1 (en) 2005-02-21 2006-02-15 Sound monitor

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AU2006215644A1 (en) 2006-08-24
SE0500397L (sv) 2006-08-22
WO2006087345A1 (en) 2006-08-24
CN101123915A (zh) 2008-02-13
JP2008529696A (ja) 2008-08-07
ES2379478T3 (es) 2012-04-26
US20100232615A1 (en) 2010-09-16
US8634570B2 (en) 2014-01-21
MX2007010152A (es) 2007-11-15
KR20070110025A (ko) 2007-11-15
BRPI0606865B1 (pt) 2018-03-27
BRPI0606865B8 (pt) 2021-06-22
EP1850758B8 (de) 2012-04-18
SE528409C2 (sv) 2006-11-07
AU2006215644B2 (en) 2011-08-11
ATE538721T1 (de) 2012-01-15
BRPI0606865A2 (pt) 2009-07-21
CA2596374A1 (en) 2006-08-24
CN101123915B (zh) 2010-07-14
EP1850758A1 (de) 2007-11-07

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