Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
  • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
  • E04B2/8647—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties going through the forms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
  • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
  • E04B2/8652—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties located in the joints of the forms
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
  • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
  • E04B2002/867—Corner details
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
  • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
  • E04B2002/8688—Scaffoldings or removable supports therefor

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a concrete composition for the particular embodiment of porous elements with high thermal and sound insulation power.
• the present invention also relates to a construction element for particular the realization of façade facings.
• slag is understood to mean fragments of vacuolar lava of low density of the order of 1.6 Kg per dm 3 of irregularly porous surfaces, bristling with edges and points.
• Fine means particles in the form of particles smaller than 1 mm.
• the slag of the predefined type is currently used for landscaping (black or red), autonomous or semi-collective sanitation as a filter for their purification capacity, the constitution of cultivation substrate, the embankment of forest roads, annual operation which consists of repairing forest roads and damaged tracks. From a technical point of view, the slag does not offer the characteristics adapted to the pavement of the roads, because they are too friable, crash easily under the passage of the vehicles and become sensitive to the water.
• the slag seems to have never been used in the manufacture of construction materials because of its high fines content which makes its use impossible in a conventional hydraulic concrete mix given the constraints required for structural elements of construction. Thus for the skilled person, the use of the slag is considered improper and cons indicated for the construction.
• patent application EP 1 063 364 discloses an insulating wall comprising an inner wall and an outer wall placed at a distance from one another and defining a gap intended to receive an insulating material constituting a non-carrier mass.
• the supporting structure of the wall is constituted by the two walls, the latter consisting of a concrete comprising a proportion of a porous material in the form of lava to trap air and give the product obtained a power of 'thermal insulation.
• the thermal insulation capacity of the carrier walls can not be increased without impairing their mechanical strength.
• An increase in the insulating power of the wall is however possible by introducing into the gap between the walls a suitable filling material.
• the present invention aims to provide a new insulating concrete composition for the realization in particular of molded construction element having high thermal and sound insulation properties.
• the novel concrete composition according to the invention is essentially characterized in that it has a weight proportion of slag in the form of gravel and sand of between 40 and 80%, and a weight proportion of cement including between 20 and 30%, said composition for the formation of concrete being intended to receive a proportion by weight of water of between 10 and 20%.
• This composition gives the concrete after drying particularly high sound and heat insulation properties due to a particularly high degree of porosity with more than 32.5% vacuum.
• the permeability tests carried out by the Center for Study, Research and Materials Testing (CERM) show that there is continuity between the voids throughout the thickness of the concrete.
• the composition for concrete has a weight proportion of slag in the form of gravel and sand of between 53 and 72%, and a weight proportion of cement of between 20 and 22%, said composition being provided to receive for the formation of concrete, a proportion by weight of water of between 12 and 18%.
• the weight proportion of slag gravel and slag sand is distributed as follows: granular gravel between 2 to 6 mm between 45 and 60%,
• Such a composition for concrete will be reserved for the realization of any building or associated materials such as blocks, in the field of insulation and sound and heat protection of walls and floors, by slabs or related to large elements. dimensions, or for any other use in the field of permeability, filtering, various protections in the form of lightened concrete and any underlay. With such a concrete composition, it will be possible to make porous containers able to let in water and retain moisture.
• the concrete composition has a weight proportion of slag in the form of gravel and sand of between 55 and 65%, and a weight proportion of cement of between 20 and 25%, said composition being intended to receive for the formation of the concrete, a weight proportion of water of between 15 and 18%.
• the weight proportion of slag gravel and slag sand is distributed as follows:
• composition will be mainly used for the realization of any building materials or associated, any other use for the manufacture of various parts or elements slag concrete (bricks, pavers, slabs, blocks, formwork elements for poles, arches, cornices , false stones, carving blocks) and all other works of art or decorative elements by molding.
• slag concrete bricks, pavers, slabs, blocks, formwork elements for poles, arches, cornices , false stones, carving blocks
• Concrete according to this composition accepts sanding which gives it a very silky surface state reminiscent of that of a natural stone.
• the proportion by weight of fine slag in slag sand relative to the weight of sand will be of the order of 18% to 20%.
• the fines play a particularly important role in allowing good cohesion between grains and particles of sand and gravel.
• the fines form with the cement a paste allowing to coat the grains and particles of sand and gravel which are then glued together by contact.
• the concrete according to either embodiment may receive any water-reducing adjuvants / plasticizers suitable for improving the constant water content during its implementation.
• a suitable volume proportion will be of the order of 0.2 to 0.4 liter of adjuvant per m 3 of concrete.
• the concrete may be supplemented with a retarder or a setting accelerator known per se.
• the concrete according to the invention may receive reinforcing elements in order to improve the mechanical properties.
• These reinforcing elements may for example be in the form of fiber, for example polypropylene fiber 6 to 12mm.
• the concrete can also receive all appropriate colors.
• the composition may also receive rubber fragments or rubber beads for example in a weight proportion of between 15 and 35% for a weight proportion of gravel of between 30 and 60% and a weight proportion of cement of between 20 and 30% .
• Such a composition gives the building element obtained increased sound insulation capabilities.
• the calibration of the fragments or beads will be between 1 and 6 mm.
• the slag concrete proposed by the invention has no hydraulic shrinkage unlike conventional concrete.
• Another object of the present invention is to propose a building element having high thermal insulation properties, capable in particular of constituting in particular firstly a wall formwork element and then after pouring and hardening of the concrete a facing element or clothing bringing to the wall made, by pouring a concrete between said elements, a strong power of thermal and sound insulation.
• the construction element according to the invention is essentially characterized in that it is obtained from a hydraulic mixture having a weight proportion of slag in the form of gravel and sand between 40 and 80%, a weight proportion of cement of between 20 and 30% and a proportion by weight of water of between 1 and 20%.
• the facing element has a high degree of porosity through which a large amount of air is trapped in its mass.
• the mechanical properties of the element are not sufficient to withstand large loads, but sufficient to form a formwork element, this being confirmed by calculations.
• the resulting building element can be divided by sawing into smaller sized elements. It should be noted that sawing gives these elements the appearance of natural stone.
• the present invention also relates to a lost formwork consisting of at least two building elements according to the invention, held vertically parallel to one another and spaced from each other by bracing means .
• the present invention also relates to a wall made by pouring a concrete carrier in the formwork lost from the building elements according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 is a plan view from above of a construction element according to a first embodiment
• FIG. 2 is a plan view from above of a construction element according to a second embodiment
• FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a lost formwork according to the invention.
• FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a lost formwork according to the invention with bracing means according to a first embodiment
• FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a lost formwork according to the invention with spacer means according to a second embodiment
• FIG. 6 is a front view of a bracing means according to the second embodiment
• FIG. 7 is a side view of the bracing means according to the second embodiment
• FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a variant of the spacer means according to the second embodiment
• FIG. 9 is a front view of a bracing means according to a third embodiment.
• FIG. 10 is a view from above of the bracing means according to FIG. 9 in a situation on a formwork
• FIG. 11 is a front view of an alternative embodiment of the bracing means according to the third embodiment
• FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a wall made
• FIG. 13 is a sectional view of a construction element provided with a protection element
• FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the method of fixing a construction element according to the invention to a metal frame
• FIG. 15 is a sectional view of the method of fixing a construction element according to FIG. invention to a wooden frame.
• the composition for concrete as described above is especially intended for producing a concrete by adding water for the production of porous building elements having a high insulating power.
• the building element 1, 2 according to the invention in particular, the realization of lost formwork and facing elements consists of at least one wall which may be of rectangular parallelepipedal shape and is obtained from a hydraulic mixture having a weight proportion of series in the form of gravel and sand of between 40 and 80%, a weight proportion of cement of between 20 and 23% and a proportion by weight of water of between 12 and 18%.
• Such a composition allows the realization of an element having a high porosity with more than 32.5% vacuum, while having a perfect cohesion, able to provide excellent thermal and sound insulation.
• the construction element can receive current coatings for external protection against atmospheric attack. More specifically, the construction element, according to a first embodiment, is obtained from a hydraulic mixture having a weight proportion of slag in the form of gravel and sand of between 53 and 72%, a weight proportion of cement between 20 and 22% and a weight proportion of water of between 12 and 18%.
• the proportion of slag gravel and slag sand is distributed as follows:
• the construction element is obtained from a hydraulic mixture having a weight proportion of slag in the form of gravel and sand of between 55 and 65%, a weight proportion of cement of between 20 and 23 % and a weight proportion of water of between 15 and 18%.
• the weight proportion of slag gravel and slag sand is distributed as follows:
• the construction element is obtained from a hydraulic mixture receiving rubber fragments or rubber balls.
• the construction element 1 consists of a single rectangular parallelepiped-shaped wall.
• the element according to this embodiment is intended for plane face overlap in combination with other elements of the same shape characteristics.
• the construction element 2 is formed of two walls of rectangular parallelepiped shape, rooted to one another and forming a non-flat angle between them. In the preferred embodiment, these walls are perpendicular to each other and form a right angle dihedron. Element 2 according to this embodiment is intended for corner covering.
• the construction element may also be in the form of a curved wall.
• This element 1, 2 in both embodiments has a thickness a length and a height, the thickness of this element being relatively small compared to its other two dimensions.
• the horizontal lower edge and one of the lateral vertical edges of the building element 1, 2 are each hollowed out with a longitudinal groove 3 and the upper edge horizontal and the other vertical side edge of the element each comprise a longitudinal tenon
• the building element has internal vertical reservations
• At least two vertical reservations 5 spaced apart from one another will be provided.
• the element 1, 2 may comprise at least one horizontal through-hole 7 made according to its thickness.
• the building element 1, 2 can be free of vertical channels.
• the building element 1, 2 may also have a honeycomb structure, the cells being formed by vertical through channels.
• this protection element will be obtained from a hydraulic mixture having a weight proportion between 30 and 70% of slag sand with a particle size of less than 2 mm and clay in a weight proportion of 20 to 50%.
• This protective element will be affixed to the bottom of the mold used for the realization of the construction element to be integral with said construction element.
• a construction element with a protection element 11 is shown in section in FIG.
• the advantage of such a construction element is that it has a wall surface of terracotta or ceramic which gives it watertightness on the outer face.
• the construction element 1, 2 as described may be affixed using a thin-set mortar on an already erected wall or may be fixed by spacer hooks 13 to a metal frame 14 (Fig. ) or wood 15 (Fig.15) and joined to the adjacent elements by thin joints with cement or glue affixed to their edges.
• Each hook will have a fastening spike to its construction element 1 or 2 and a tail attachment to the frame. The spout of the hook will be engaged in one of the vertical reservations 5 of the building element while the tail of the hook will be fixed to the frame by any known means.
• the construction element 1, 2 is also intended for the realization of a lost formwork provided the realization of a vertical load-bearing wall by casting a concrete in the lost formwork and after casting of this load-bearing wall, to constitute an element facing of this wall and a thermal and sound insulation element thereof.
• the lost formwork according to the invention consists of at least two construction elements held vertically parallel to one another and spaced from one another by bracing means.
• the bracing means consist of spacers 8 each formed of a metal rod arranged in a U and having two lateral wings 81 and a central flange 82. Each rod enters through the two lateral wings 81 respectively in one of the reservations 5 of one of the elements 1 or 2 and in one of the reservations 5 of the other element 1 or 2, said reservations opening in recesses 6.
• the rods 8 are also engaged by their central wing in the recesses 6 and come to bear against the bottom of the latter not to form extra thickness on the upper horizontal bank of the elements.
• each lateral flange 81 is bent vertically on itself to form a U-shaped clip whose free leg extends obliquely outwards.
• the width of each lateral flange 81 measured at the free end of the free leg is slightly greater than the diameter of the reservation 6 so that the spacer is introduced in tightening by its wings in the corresponding reservations.
• the free branch has a natural tendency to punch the inner face of the reservation which prohibits the removal of the spacer once in place.
• each spacer 8 forms a recess or support cradle for horizontal reinforcing bars introduced between the formwork elements before pouring the concrete.
• each bracing means will be constituted by horizontal threaded pin 9 engaged in the through bore 7 of one of the elements 1, 2 and in the bore 7 opposite the other element.
• This stud receives in the interval between the two elements 1, 2, a spacer member 10.
• This member 10 is provided to be secured to the stud 9 and to bear at its ends against the large vertical faces, internal to the formwork of the two construction elements 1, 2.
• the stud 9, outside the formwork receives immobilizing nuts, provided to come into pressure against the two elements 1, 2.
• bracing elements allow the attachment to the stud, outside the formwork, vertical rules 20 ensuring the maintenance of elements 1, 2 which can no longer be braced, for example the elements that form the lateral formwork of a slab or of a lintel as can be seen in Figure 5.
• each spacer member 10 consists of a rigid rod 101 carrying at each end two bases 102 in the form of disc each carrying a pellet 103 of a deformable material, said spacer member 10 being applied by the two end pellets 103, against the two large vertical faces, internal to the formwork, of the two construction elements 1 or 2.
• each end base 102 of the spacer 10 comprises a slot 104 through which said member is fixed to the stud 9. This arrangement after placement of the stud in the through holes allows a quick and easy installation of bracing members 10 between the elements 1 or 2.
• each pin 9 is constituted by a cylindrical rod and the rigid rod 101 of the spacer element is cylindrical (FIGS. 5, 6, 7).
• the slot 104 that each base comprises forms a clamp for adhesively fixing on the stud 9.
• the stud 9 consists of a hexagonal cross-section rod threaded in end and the rigid rod 101 has a star cross section with three branches.
• the slot 104 that each base has has a shape complementary to that of the cross section of the stud.
• FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 there is shown a bracing means 40 according to a third embodiment.
• This bracing means unlike the first and second means is not intended to remain in the wall which will then be made for pouring a suitable concrete in the lost formwork.
• This bracing means 40 allows the retention in position of building elements 1, 2 cut at height for which it is not possible or desirable to use bracing means according to the first and second embodiments.
• This bracing means comprises two opposed lower clamping jaws 41 carried respectively by two vertical arms 42 adjustable in spacing from each other each carrying at its upper end two clamping jaws 43 adjustable in spacing relative to one another. 'other.
• the bracing means clamps against the inner and outer faces of the construction of said formwork.
• the upper jaws 43 carried by one of the arms 42 are clamped on one of the formwork elements and the upper jaws 43 carried by the other arm are clamped on the formwork element opposite the previous one.
• Each arm 42 in the upper part forms a bend and extends horizontally above the jaws to form a horizontal extension 421.
• This horizontal extension 421 of each arm 42 is provided to be slidably engaged in a guide sleeve 44 carried by the other arm 42, this guide sleeve 44 being provided with a clamping member 45 for immobilizing the arm such as a pressure screw.
• One of the upper jaws associated with each arm is fixedly supported by a vertical leg 46 carried by the horizontal extension of each arm, the vertical leg projecting downwards.
• the upper and lower jaws will be adjustable in height. For this purpose these jaws will each be carried by a sleeve slidably engaged on the arm and having an immobilizing member in position on the arm such as pressure screw.
• a vernier will be formed on the horizontal extension 421 of each arm 42 to accurately adjust the respective positions of the different jaws.
• the very open porosity of the building elements and their grainy surfaces promotes adhesion to said elements of concrete poured into the formwork.
• the choice of the thickness of the carrier core will depend on the load to be supported.
• the invention also relates to a wall 30 comprising a concrete carrying core 31 of which at least one of the large faces is provided with a coating formed by construction elements 1 and as previously described.
• construction elements 1 which cover the two large faces of the wall, namely the inner face and the outer face of the construction, give to this wall, because of their high degree of porosity, a great power of thermal and sound insulation .
• the cladding elements provide the wall with protection against atmospheric attack and high fire resistance.
• construction element for the realization of lost formwork and facing.
• the construction element may also be in the form of a solid block or alveolar and may be used for the realization of partitions.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
• Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ID=35044549

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Family Cites Families (16)

• 2005
  • 2005-02-02 FR FR0501048A patent/FR2881423B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2006
  • 2006-01-31 US US11/910,905 patent/US20090008821A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2006-01-31 WO PCT/EP2006/050548 patent/WO2006082182A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2006-01-31 EP EP06704273A patent/EP1848673A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2007
  • 2007-08-27 MA MA30166A patent/MA29270B1/fr unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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