EP1844176B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von münzrohlingen - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung von münzrohlingen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1844176B1
EP1844176B1 EP05781713A EP05781713A EP1844176B1 EP 1844176 B1 EP1844176 B1 EP 1844176B1 EP 05781713 A EP05781713 A EP 05781713A EP 05781713 A EP05781713 A EP 05781713A EP 1844176 B1 EP1844176 B1 EP 1844176B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coin blanks
coin
reactor
blanks
chromising
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP05781713A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1844176A1 (de
Inventor
Adrian Diffusion Alloys Limited KEMPSTER
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Diffusion Alloys Ltd
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Diffusion Alloys Ltd
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Priority to PL05781713T priority Critical patent/PL1844176T3/pl
Publication of EP1844176A1 publication Critical patent/EP1844176A1/de
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Publication of EP1844176B1 publication Critical patent/EP1844176B1/de
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C12/00—Solid state diffusion of at least one non-metal element other than silicon and at least one metal element or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C12/02—Diffusion in one step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/06—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases
    • C23C10/08—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases only one element being diffused
    • C23C10/10—Chromising
    • C23C10/12—Chromising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/30—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes using a layer of powder or paste on the surface
    • C23C10/32—Chromising

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for the production of coin blanks and in particular to the production of chromised coin blanks.
  • Stainless steel is used for coinage in several countries of the world. Whilst it provides the coin blank with an acceptable corrosion resistance for this application, the use of this material suffers from several disadvantages. Firstly, is a relatively expensive material. Secondly, it is difficult to strike without causing excessive die wear. Dies are expensive and contribute a significant cost to the overall cost of the struck coinage. Thirdly, it is difficult to achieve good definition on the struck coin and hence designs on stainless steel coin blanks tend to lack detail.
  • chromised steel is a successful alternative to stainless steel.
  • the chromising process fully anneals the substrate steel hence the blank can be struck without the high wear on the dies that is typically seen when striking stainless steel.
  • the chromised layer can be readily finished by mechanical means to a satisfactory appearance when the coin is in the blank form.
  • the softness of the base material also allows intricate patterns to be applied to the coin blank. This is not the case when striking stainless steel where the designs have to be simple.
  • a common method of chromising steel is to pack the components to be chromised into a retort with a chromising compound.
  • a suitable retort is charged with a chromising compound which contains the following ingredients: chromium metal powder, a diluent, such as titania, alumina or magnesia, and an energiser which is typically an ammonium halide.
  • the components to be chromised are packed into this compound in layers. The components must be surrounded by a sufficient amount of the chromising compound for a satisfactory coating to be applied to the components and so that the individual components do not touch one another or the wall of the retort.
  • An appropriate atmosphere is provided inside the retort to ensure that the chemical reactions proceed in the desired manner.
  • the retort is then loaded into a furnace and taken to an elevated temperature, typically 1100°C, but not restricted to this temperature.
  • the base material is a low-carbon steel the chromium deposits on the surface to form a solid solution alloy of iron and chromium. Typically this layer will have 20-45 wt% of chromium at its surface and will be about 25-125 ⁇ m in depth. This will only be the case if the steel is substantially free of carbon.
  • the presence of greater than 0.05 wt% of carbon will tend to result in the formation of a layer of chromium-iron carbide on the surface of the solid solution coating.
  • the components are held at the above temperature for typically 6-18 hours depending on the size of the retort. After soaking for this time at this temperature the retorts are removed from the furnace and allowed to cool to ambient temperature. Such a process is known from GB-A-764779 .
  • the present invention provides a process for applying a diffusion coating to steel coin blanks according to claim 1 comprising the steps of (i) charging a metallising reactor with a plurality of coin blanks and a chromising compound comprising ferrochromium granules and an energiser, (ii) heating the chromising compound to generate a chromising vapour for deposition on to the coin blanks, and (iii) removing the coin blanks from the reactor, wherein the reactor is rotating at a rate of 0.5-50 rpm.
  • This process allows the efficient diffusion coating of metal coin blanks with chromium vapour without the associated disadvantages of previous processes.
  • Fig 1 shows a suitable rotary furnace for use with the present invention in (a) side elevation, (b) end elevation and (c) plan view.
  • Fig 1 shows the rector 1 contained within a furnace 2.
  • the furnace 2 typically employs a gas burner, but an electrical resistance heater or induction heater may also be used.
  • a motor 3 is attached to the reactor to rotate the furnace.
  • the furnace is typically rotated at a rate of 2 rpm (revolutions per minute) but other speeds of rotation may be used. The rotation must not be too slow in order to prevent the coin blanks adhering to one another.
  • the minimum speed of rotation is 0.5 rpm, preferably 1 rpm and most preferably 2 rpm. Also, the rotation must not be too fast to avoid damaging the coin blanks and prevent the rotating furnace becoming a hazard.
  • the maximum speed of rotation is preferably 10 rpm, more preferably 20 rpm, more preferably 25 rpm and most preferably 50 rpm.
  • a volatile chromium compound usually a chromium halide
  • a chromising compound comprising ferrochromium granules in the presence of an energiser and a refractory powder.
  • powdered chromium or ferrochromium as the source material proved unsatisfactory as particulate adhesion occurs during chromising which proved almost impossible to remove.
  • the use of chromium in the form of granules was also unsuccessful as during the chromising since the chromium produced shards that then attached themselves strongly to the coin blanks.
  • the use of ferrochromium granules proved successful as in this form the metallic is more ductile and is less lightly to splinter during the processing.
  • the ferrochromium granules may be any size provided they are sufficiently large to prevent particulate adhesion to the coin blanks. Preferably they are 2-8 mm, most preferably 4-6 mm in diameter.
  • the ferrochromium granules typically contain 40-80 wt% chromium, 0.05-2.5 wt% silicon and 0.025-0.25 wt% carbon, the balance being iron and inevitable impurities.
  • the energizer used for the chromising process generally contains a halide element such as bromide, chloride or fluoride.
  • a halide element such as bromide, chloride or fluoride.
  • the preferred halides are of sodium, potassium and ammonium, and ammonium chloride is particularly preferred.
  • the refractory powder is preferably Al 2 O 3 (alumina), TiO 2 (titania), MgO or Cr 2 O 3 .
  • the most preferred refractory powder is alumina.
  • the chromising compound preferably comprises 15-90 wt%, more preferably 50-80 wt%, of ferrochromium granules and 0.1-10 wt% %, more preferably 1-5 wt%, of an energiser, the balance being made up by the refractory powder which should be present at at least 1 wt%, more preferably at least 5 wt%, more preferably at least 10 wt% and most preferably at least 15 wt%.
  • the coin blanks are composed of steel, low-carbon steel having less than 0.25 wt% carbon.
  • the steel is preferably substantially free of carbon, i.e. sufficiently low in carbon to avoid the formation of chromium carbide on the surface of the coin blank.
  • an interstitial free (IF) steel may be used, that is a low-carbon steel which contains other metals which are able to bind to the carbon present in the steel to form carbides.
  • Such strong carbide formers are known in the art and include titanium, niobium, tungsten, vanadium tantalum, chromium and molybdenum. These metals in the steel can chemically bind to the interstitial carbon which therefore reduces any interaction between this carbon and the diffusing chromium thereby avoiding the formation of chromium carbides.
  • chromium carbides in the coating should be avoided for two important reasons. Firstly, it is a hard and wear-resistant material and consequently if present in the coating (either at the surface or within the coating) causes excessive die wear when coin blanks are struck. Secondly, chromium carbide has a dull grey appearance which would reduce the aesthetic properties of the chromised blank after finishing.
  • the use of chromised blank in titanium-stabilised steel (or any other carbide former-stabilised steel) has commercial benefits also as they can be produced more cheaply than stainless steel and the process of production does not have the environmental problems of producing blanks electroplated with nickel.
  • the materials used to apply the chromised layer are all reusable whereas the spent electroplating solutions must be suitably treated for disposal.
  • An example of a suitable steel for use as a coin blank is composed of:
  • the size and shape of the coin blanks will depend on the size and shape of the coin being produced.
  • the coin blank will be circular and have a diameter of approximately 15-30 mm and a thickness of 1-4 mm.
  • the total weight of the coin blanks present is preferably 5-75 wt%, more preferably 5-50 wt% and most preferably 40-50 wt%, based on the total weight of the coin blanks and chromising compound.
  • the coin blanks and the chromising compound (ferrochromium granules, energiser and optionally refractory powder) are introduced into the reactor.
  • the furnace temperature is increased and the reactor contents are heated sufficiently to form a chromising vapour which coats the coin blanks.
  • the temperature is preferably 800-1150°C, preferably 950-1100°C and most preferably 1000°C.
  • the furnace preferably reaches this temperature over 10 min to 3 hours, more preferably over 1-1.5 hours.
  • the temperature is held at this value for a sufficient time to coat substantially all of the coin blanks. For example 10 min to 12 hours, more preferably 30 min to 2 hours.
  • the furnace may be switched off and the coin blanks allowed to cool, for example to ambient temperature, for removal. It is a simple matter to separate the coated coin blanks from the chromising medium by using a suitably sized sieve.
  • the chromising compound should preferably be protected from attack by atmospheric oxygen. Protection may involve an inert atmosphere, which may be produced by ammonium salts present in the compound which decompose at elevated temperatures. Alternatively, protection may be provided by a reducing atmosphere, such as hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing gas mixture, such as a mixture hydrogen and argon having 10% hydrogen or less, preferably 5% hydrogen or less, more preferably 1-5%, e.g. Hygon (5% hydrogen in argon).
  • a reducing atmosphere such as hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing gas mixture, such as a mixture hydrogen and argon having 10% hydrogen or less, preferably 5% hydrogen or less, more preferably 1-5%, e.g. Hygon (5% hydrogen in argon).
  • the plant may be automated to allow for the continuous flow of coin blanks and chromising media through the furnace.
  • the reactor is adapted to move the coin blanks from a first position where the coin blanks are charged into the reactor to a second position where the coin blanks are removed from the reactor. This may be achieved by an Archimedean screw within the reactor, or some other device for progressing the coins and powder through the hot zone.
  • the furnace is not switched off but the coin blanks which have been coated are allowed to move into a cooler section of the reactor prior to removal.
  • the continuous process is particularly preferably combined with inert atmosphere described hereinabove.
  • the present invention also includes a process for preparing coins comprising the steps of preparing coin blanks using the method described herein, finishing and polishing the coin blanks and then striking the coin blanks to provide a relief image on one or both sides of the coin.
  • the coin blanks are finished using physical or chemical methods to remove any asperities from their surfaces, e.g. using a high-energy centrifuge containing an abrasive compound. This is followed by polishing or burnishing of the surface of the coin blanks again using physical or chemical methods, e.g. carrying out a wash and rinse in the presence of ball bearings.
  • Striking the coin blanks to produce a relief image on one or more, normally both sides of the blanks, is achieved in the case of the latter by impacting both sides of a coin blank simultaneously with tool steel dies which have been produced so that they will impress on the coin blank the specific design or pattern that is required. During this operation, the coin blank is held within a collar that can be used to generate the knurled edge if required.
  • a protective atmosphere of 5% hydrogen in argon was passed into the retort at 21/min whilst the retort was rotating at 8 rpm.
  • the furnace temperature was increased to 1000°C over 1-1.5 hours. The temperature was held at this value for 1 hour. After this time the furnace was switched off and the argon/hydrogen gas flow increased to 101/min.
  • the coin blanks had achieved ambient temperature they were removed from the retort. It was a simple matter to separate them from the chromising medium by using a suitably sized sieve.
  • the coin blanks were bright and metallic in appearance and were smooth and free of any adhering chromising media. Also, no coins were found to be sticking together.
  • On metallurgical examination the coin blanks were found to have a chromium diffusion coating of 20-26 microns. The concentration of chromium found in the diffusion coating is shown in Fig. 2 .
  • the metallographic section shown in Fig. 3 revealed that there was no presence of carbides within the chromised layer.
  • the removal of the base material by etching in 20% nitric acid left the chromium diffusion coating free standing. This coating was ductile and confirmed the absence of any significant carbide.
  • the distribution of the chromised layer around the coin blank is shown in Fig. 4 . It can be seen that the layer is uniform and is uninfluenced at end or edges of the blank. This compares favourably to a coin blank which has been coated by nickel electroplating which tends to give a coating thickness of two to three times the thickness on the edges of the coin blanks compared to the centre of the faces of the coin blanks.
  • Coin blanks processed in the above manner may be finished to a high lustre and therefore were satisfactory for producing coinage by striking the finished blank.
  • Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated.
  • the resultant coin blanks were bright and metallic in appearance and were smooth and free of any adhering chromising media. Also, no coins were found to be sticking together.
  • On metallurgical examination the coin blanks were found to have a chromium diffusion coating of 20-25 microns. The concentration of chromium found in the diffusion coating was 25.4-25.7 wt%.
  • Coin blanks processed in the above manner may be finished to a high lustre and therefore were satisfactory for producing coinage by striking the finished blank.
  • the coin blanks of the present invention may also be prepared in a continuous process.
  • a continuous process the following components are charged into a reactor via a hopper:
  • a protective atmosphere of 5% hydrogen in argon is passed into the reactor at 2 1/min whilst the reactor is rotating at 2 rpm and held at a temperature of 1000°C.
  • the coin blanks and chromising compound are introduced into one end of the reactor from a hopper.
  • the reactor has an internal spiral fin having a 2 inch (50.8 mm) pitch and 1 inch (25.4 mm) upstand and the coin blanks are caused to move through the hot zone of the reactor by the spiral fin over a period of 30 min. It is a simple matter to separate the coin blanks from the chromising medium by using a suitably sized sieve as the coin blanks are passed out of the other end of the reactor.
  • Coin blanks processed in the above manner may be finished to a high lustre and therefore are satisfactory for producing coinage by striking the finished blank.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Seeds, Soups, And Other Foods (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Noodles (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Prozess zum Auftragen einer Diffusionsbeschichtung auf Münzrohlinge bestehend aus Stahl mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von unter 0,25 Gew.-%, umfassend die folgenden Schritte: (i) Beladen eines Metallisierungsreaktors mit mehreren Münzrohlingen und einer Verchromungsverbindung umfassend Ferrochromgranulat, ein Aktivierungsmittel und ein refraktives Verdünnungsmittel, (ii) Erhitzen der Verchromungsverbindung, um einen Verchromungsdampf zur Abscheidung auf den Münzrohlingen zu erzeugen, und (iii) Herausnehmen der Münzrohlinge aus dem Reaktor, wobei sich der Reaktor mit einer Rate von 0,5 bis 50 min-1 dreht.
  2. Prozess nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Ferrochromgranulat 40-80 Gew.-% Chrom, 0,05-2,5 Gew.-% Silizium und 0,025-0,25 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff umfassen, wobei der Rest Eisen und unvermeidliche Verunreinigungen ist.
  3. Prozess nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das Ferrochromgranulat einen Durchmesser von 2-8 mm aufweist.
  4. Prozess nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei das Aktivierungsmittel ein Bromid, Chlorid oder Fluorid von Natrium, Kalium oder Ammoniak ist.
  5. Prozess nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei die Verchromungsverbindung weiterhin ein feuerfestes Pulver umfasst.
  6. Prozess nach Anspruch 5, wobei das feuerfeste Pulver Aluminiumoxid ist.
  7. Prozess nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei die Münzrohlinge aus einem IF-Stahl bestehen.
  8. Prozess nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei die Verchromungsverbindung 15-90 Gew.-% Ferrochromgranulat und 0,1-10 Gew.-% eines Aktivierungsmittels umfaßt, wobei der Rest aus dem feuerfesten Pulver besteht, das mit mindestens 10 Gew.-% vorliegt.
  9. Prozess nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei das Gesamtgewicht der vorliegenden Münzrohlinge 5-75 Gew.-% beträgt auf der Basis der Gesamtgewichts der Münzrohlinge und der Verchromungsverbindung.
  10. Prozess nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei sich der Reaktor mit 1 bis 10 min-1 dreht.
  11. Prozess nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei der Prozess als ein kontinuierlicher Prozess durchgeführt wird und der Reaktor dafür ausgelegt ist, die Münzrohlinge von einer ersten Position, in der die Münzrohlinge in den Reaktor geladen werden, zu einer zweiten Position zu bewegen, in der die Münzrohlinge aus dem Reaktor herausgenommen werden.
  12. Prozess nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, weiterhin umfassend die Fertigbearbeitung und das Polieren der Münzrohlinge.
  13. Prozess zum Herstellen von Münzen, umfassend die folgenden Schritte: Herstellen von Münzrohlingen unter Verwendung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 12 und dann Prägen der Münzrohlinge, um auf einer oder beiden Seiten der Münze ein Reliefbild zu erhalten.
  14. Prozess nach Anspruch 13, wobei die Kanten der Münzrohlinge gerändelt sind.
EP05781713A 2004-09-03 2005-09-02 Verfahren zur herstellung von münzrohlingen Not-in-force EP1844176B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL05781713T PL1844176T3 (pl) 2004-09-03 2005-09-02 Sposób wytwarzania krążków monetarnych

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0419609.3A GB0419609D0 (en) 2004-09-03 2004-09-03 Process for the production of coin blanks
PCT/GB2005/003420 WO2006024877A1 (en) 2004-09-03 2005-09-02 Process for the production of coin blanks

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1844176A1 EP1844176A1 (de) 2007-10-17
EP1844176B1 true EP1844176B1 (de) 2011-04-06

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EP05781713A Not-in-force EP1844176B1 (de) 2004-09-03 2005-09-02 Verfahren zur herstellung von münzrohlingen

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EP (1) EP1844176B1 (de)
KR (1) KR20070060107A (de)
AT (1) ATE504671T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2578818A1 (de)
DE (1) DE602005027402D1 (de)
GB (1) GB0419609D0 (de)
PL (1) PL1844176T3 (de)
RU (1) RU2383657C2 (de)
WO (1) WO2006024877A1 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8557397B2 (en) 2011-12-29 2013-10-15 Arcanum Alloy Design Inc. Metallurgically bonded stainless steel
US8628861B2 (en) 2011-12-29 2014-01-14 Arcanum Alloy Design Inc. Metallurgically bonded stainless steel
DE102019106611A1 (de) * 2019-03-15 2020-09-17 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kettenbolzen mit einer Chromaluminiumnitrid-Beschichtung und/oder einer Titanaluminiumnitrid-Beschichtung
US10876198B2 (en) 2015-02-10 2020-12-29 Arcanum Alloys, Inc. Methods and systems for slurry coating
US11261516B2 (en) 2016-05-20 2022-03-01 Public Joint Stock Company “Severstal” Methods and systems for coating a steel substrate

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101135007B1 (ko) * 2009-09-04 2012-04-19 신진우 크롬 확산 침투 용액 및 크롬 확산 침투에 의한 특수강 생산 방법
RU2427659C1 (ru) * 2010-07-27 2011-08-27 Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Гознак" (Фгуп "Гознак") Композиционный углеродсодержащий материал для изделий монетных дворов

Family Cites Families (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB764779A (en) * 1955-02-14 1957-01-02 Diffusion Alloys Ltd Improvements in or relating to rotary furnaces
GB902841A (en) * 1958-04-03 1962-08-09 Metallic Surfaces Res Lab Ltd A rotary furnace retort for metallic diffusion treatment
GB862282A (en) * 1959-10-16 1961-03-08 Chrome Alloying Company Ltd A process for the manufacture of metal articles involving die stamping
SU1110821A1 (ru) * 1983-01-14 1984-08-30 Центральный Научно-Исследовательский И Проектно-Технологический Институт Механизации И Электрификации Животноводства Южной Зоны Ссср Способ диффузионного хромировани
GB9618460D0 (en) * 1996-09-04 1996-10-16 Diffusion Alloys Ltd Coinage material and process for production thereof

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8557397B2 (en) 2011-12-29 2013-10-15 Arcanum Alloy Design Inc. Metallurgically bonded stainless steel
US8628861B2 (en) 2011-12-29 2014-01-14 Arcanum Alloy Design Inc. Metallurgically bonded stainless steel
US10876198B2 (en) 2015-02-10 2020-12-29 Arcanum Alloys, Inc. Methods and systems for slurry coating
US11261516B2 (en) 2016-05-20 2022-03-01 Public Joint Stock Company “Severstal” Methods and systems for coating a steel substrate
DE102019106611A1 (de) * 2019-03-15 2020-09-17 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kettenbolzen mit einer Chromaluminiumnitrid-Beschichtung und/oder einer Titanaluminiumnitrid-Beschichtung

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EP1844176A1 (de) 2007-10-17
KR20070060107A (ko) 2007-06-12
ATE504671T1 (de) 2011-04-15
CA2578818A1 (en) 2006-03-09
RU2007107848A (ru) 2008-10-10
GB0419609D0 (en) 2004-10-06
WO2006024877A1 (en) 2006-03-09
RU2383657C2 (ru) 2010-03-10
PL1844176T3 (pl) 2011-09-30
DE602005027402D1 (de) 2011-05-19

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