EP1842208A1 - Kollimator mit einstellbarer brennweite - Google Patents
Kollimator mit einstellbarer brennweiteInfo
- Publication number
- EP1842208A1 EP1842208A1 EP06706277A EP06706277A EP1842208A1 EP 1842208 A1 EP1842208 A1 EP 1842208A1 EP 06706277 A EP06706277 A EP 06706277A EP 06706277 A EP06706277 A EP 06706277A EP 1842208 A1 EP1842208 A1 EP 1842208A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- collimator
- focal length
- ray
- adjustable focal
- radiation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003658 tungsten compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
- G21K1/025—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using multiple collimators, e.g. Bucky screens; other devices for eliminating undesired or dispersed radiation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a collimator with adjustable focal length, in particular in X-ray inspection systems.
- X-ray inspection methods are used in particular for the detection of critical substances and objects in pieces of baggage or other cargo.
- multistage systems whose first stage is based on the absorption of X-rays.
- a second stage is used, which is selectively fed to objects from the first stage.
- the second stage uses systems whose operating principle is based on diffraction phenomena.
- the diffraction angle in which an incident X-ray beam is deflected, depends on the atomic lattice spacing of the material to be investigated and on the energy and thus the wavelength of the incident radiation.
- the sharply delimited X-ray beam used for the examination the so-called needle beam
- the so-called needle beam has an energy spectrum which is known, for example, from measurements. From the Bragg equation it follows that the incident radiation is diffracted at each point at an angle that is different from the energy of the radiation. hangs. Radiation with an energy spectrum is therefore diffracted in an angular range, while the diffraction is rotationally symmetrical about the incident needle beam. In an X-ray inspection, it is desirable only at a certain angle! to detect diffracted radiation. This is also achieved through the use of a collimator.
- the passband of the collimator essentially corresponds to the lateral surface of a cone whose tip coincides with the point whose diffraction properties are to be investigated. To examine an area within an object, a plurality of points must be focused.
- a second possibility consists in the use of a collimator which has a plurality of parallel openings of the same opening angle and with which, therefore, a plurality of points can be focused simultaneously on the axis of rotation.
- the use of a non-segmented detector which is not spatially resolving and therefore provides a common output signal for all focused points, but has the disadvantage that the evaluation and the unique assignment of the detected radiation to a diffraction point are difficult.
- a segmented detector which is divided, for example, in separately evaluable circular rings, this disadvantage does not occur, but such a detector is complicated and expensive.
- the object of the present invention is to simplify the construction and operation of an X-ray inspection system based on the diffraction principle.
- a collimator with adjustable focal length which is characterized by at least two apertures each having at least one substantially annular slot around a common center axis, wherein at least one aperture along the central axis is movable.
- Such a collimator consists essentially of an X-ray absorbing housing. Within the housing there are at least two parallel Apertures each having at least one substantially annular slot around a common central axis. This central axis corresponds to the axis of rotation of the desired cone-shaped passband of the collimator. By parallel displacement of at least one diaphragm along this central axis, the opening angle and thus the focal length of the collimator can be varied. In the case of an immovable combination of detector and collimator with respect to the object to be examined, this angle adjustment corresponds to an adaptation of the focus along the central axis and thus the selection of a desired point within the object to be examined.
- the diaphragms are made of highly radiation-absorbing material in an advantageous manner. This ensures that essentially only the radiation impinging at the set angle and passing through the slits reaches the detector arranged behind the collimator.
- the collimator with adjustable focal length according to the invention is used in an X-ray inspection apparatus which has an X-ray source, a collimator and an X-ray detector.
- the broadband X-ray source emits a sharply delimited needle beam. This strikes the object to be examined, becomes diffracted and hits the X-ray detector through the collimator.
- One possible field of use of such an X-ray inspection device is the use as a second stage in an X-ray inspection system.
- objects examined in the first stage may, if necessary, be supplied to the second stage, which is based on the diffraction principle and uses a collimator according to the invention.
- Such a second stage is particularly suitable for detecting explosives.
- an X-ray inspection method can be carried out in which the object to be examined is irradiated with a needle beam of broadband X-ray radiation and diffraction spectra are recorded for different diaphragm positions by means of the X-ray detector.
- a focal length is initially set by positioning the aperture and thus focused on a specific point.
- the collimator only allows the radiation to pass which is diffracted at the angle specified by the diaphragm position at the focused point.
- By comparing the received spectrum measured at the detector with the known spectrum of the emitted needle beam it can be determined at which energy a diffraction took place at the set angle. representation from, it is possible to deduce the atomic structure of the material at the focused point and to identify the substance located there.
- the recorded spectra are compared with reference spectra.
- reference spectra for known critical substances can be recorded and stored at different aperture positions. Since a needle beam with the same energy spectrum is used in the measurement of the reference spectra and the subsequent test procedure, the critical substances can be easily identified by comparing the received spectrum with the reference spectra.
- FIG. 1 shows an adaptive collimator with a fixed and a movable diaphragm
- Figure 2a shows an adaptive collimator with a fixed and two movable diaphragm in a first basic position
- FIG. 2b shows an adaptive collimator with one fixed and two movable diaphragms in a second basic position.
- the figures are schematic diagrams illustrating the operation of a collimator with adjustable focal length with at least two diaphragms, each having at least one substantially annular slot about a common center axis, wherein at least one aperture along the central axis is movable bar.
- the collimator is used in an X-ray inspection system for the detection of explosives. For clarity, some elements such as the housing of the collimator have been omitted. As far as appropriate, the same elements are provided with the same reference numerals in the figures.
- an object 5 is to be examined along the axis 3 for critical substances.
- the axis 3 is at the same time the axis of rotation of the diffraction phenomenon and the central axis for the diaphragms and their substantially annular slots.
- the object to be examined 5 is irradiated with a needle beam 1 broadband X-ray along the axis 3, wherein the radiation is diffracted in the object 5.
- diffraction spectra are recorded for different diaphragm positions by means of the X-ray detector 4.
- the collimator performs spatial filtering before the diffracted beam strikes the detector 4.
- Not illustrated x-ray source generates a radiation 1 with a known energy spectrum.
- the substance at the diffraction point is identified by comparing the recorded spectra with reference spectra.
- 1 denotes a fixed aperture, which is placed at the near detector.
- 4 B 2 denotes a movable diaphragm, which is shown in dashed lines in a second position and designated B ' 2 .
- This panel can be moved along the axis 3 parallel to B 1 .
- a focus of the collimator results at the point P 1 .
- the collimator passes radiation 2 diffracted only at the detection angle ⁇ - t .
- the focus of the collimator is directed to the point P 2 . In this case, only at the angle Q 2 diffracted radiation 2 'passes through the collimator on the detector 4.
- the movable diaphragm can be arbitrarily positioned so that the focal length of the collimator can be adjusted.
- the opening angle of the collimator must be adjustable over a large area. Bragg's equation shows that large scattering angles are associated with small energies. However, small energies can lead to transmission problems through the examination subject.
- the spatial extent of the object can be divided into several sections.
- the total extent H of the object 5 is subdivided into two subregions In 1 and h 2 .
- the collimator consists of a fixed diaphragm B 3 and two movable diaphragms B 4 , B ' 4 and B 5 , BV
- the diaphragm B 4 , B' 4 has a substantially annular slot.
- the baffles B 3 and B 5 , B ' 5 each have two concentric, substantially annular slots.
- the individual slot of the diaphragm B 4 , B ' 4 , the inner slot of the diaphragm B 3 and the outer slot of the diaphragm B 5 , B' 5 have the same distance from the central axis.
- FIG. 2a shows the configuration for examining the region hi of the object 5.
- the diaphragm B 4 lies against the diaphragm B 3 and hides its outer slot.
- method is only the aperture B5, B ' 5 .
- the right edge of the area In 1 focused, in the dashed position by means of B ' 5, the left edge.
- each point can be focused in the area hi.
- FIG. 2b shows the configuration for investigating the region h 2 .
- the apertures B 4 and B 5 or B ' 4 and B' 5 are directly adjacent to one another and are moved together.
- the diaphragm B 4 covers the inner slot of the diaphragm B 5 or B ' 4, the inner slot of B' 5 .
- each point of the region h 2 can be focused. Shown in the figure is the extended position of the apertures B 4 and B 5 , in which the right edge point of the region h 2 is focused, and the dashed position of the apertures B ' 4 and B' 5 , in which the left edge point of the area h 2 is focused.
- the geometry of the apertures can be simplified if a segmented X-ray detector is used.
- the detector is divided, for example, into a plurality of annular segments which are arranged concentrically around the central axis of the collimator and whose output signals can be evaluated separately.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005016656A DE102005016656A1 (de) | 2005-01-26 | 2005-01-26 | Kollimator mit einstellbarer Brennweite |
PCT/EP2006/000396 WO2006079471A1 (de) | 2005-01-26 | 2006-01-18 | Kollimator mit einstellbarer brennweite |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1842208A1 true EP1842208A1 (de) | 2007-10-10 |
EP1842208B1 EP1842208B1 (de) | 2010-08-04 |
Family
ID=36283820
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06706277A Active EP1842208B1 (de) | 2005-01-26 | 2006-01-18 | Kollimator mit einstellbarer brennweite |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8472587B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1842208B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN101107677B (de) |
AT (1) | ATE476742T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE102005016656A1 (de) |
HK (1) | HK1117635A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2006079471A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013018547B4 (de) * | 2013-11-05 | 2019-11-07 | Wavelight Gmbh | Einrichtung zur Ausrichtung eines Fokussierobjektivs |
WO2018212377A1 (ko) * | 2017-05-19 | 2018-11-22 | 주식회사 쎄크 | 엑스레이 튜브 |
FR3091405B1 (fr) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-04-02 | Orano Ds Demantelement Et Services | collimateurs à positions variables pour détecteur de rayonnement gamma |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT285756B (de) * | 1969-02-20 | 1970-11-10 | Otto Dipl Ing Dr Techn Kratky | Blendenanordnung zur Begrenzung eines Röntgenstrahlenbündels |
DE2539646A1 (de) * | 1975-09-05 | 1977-03-17 | Shimura Hikaru | Roentgenstrahlen-beugungsgeraet |
DE3909147A1 (de) * | 1988-09-22 | 1990-09-27 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Anordnung zur messung des impulsuebertrages |
CN2077546U (zh) * | 1990-05-24 | 1991-05-22 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | 两用x-射线双晶衍射仪 |
DE4034602A1 (de) * | 1990-06-20 | 1992-05-07 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Anordnung zur messung des impulsuebertragsspektrums von roentgenquanten |
EP0556887B1 (de) * | 1992-02-06 | 1998-07-08 | Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH | Anordnung zum Messen des Impulsübertragsspektrums von elastisch gestreuten Röntgenquanten |
DE4441843A1 (de) * | 1994-11-24 | 1996-05-30 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Anordnung zum Messen des Impulsübertragungsspektrums von elastisch gestreuten Röntgenquanten |
GB2297835A (en) * | 1995-02-08 | 1996-08-14 | Secr Defence | Three dimensional detection of contraband using x rays |
US6542578B2 (en) * | 1999-11-13 | 2003-04-01 | Heimann Systems Gmbh | Apparatus for determining the crystalline and polycrystalline materials of an item |
DE19954663B4 (de) * | 1999-11-13 | 2006-06-08 | Smiths Heimann Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung eines Materials eines detektierten Gegenstandes |
JP2001208705A (ja) * | 2000-01-27 | 2001-08-03 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 散乱x線式欠陥検出装置及びx線検出装置 |
DE60035876T2 (de) * | 2000-09-27 | 2008-05-08 | Euratom | Mikrostrahl-Kollimator für Hochauflösungs-Röntgenstrahl-Beugungsanalyse mittels konventionellen Diffraktometern |
CN1293367A (zh) * | 2000-11-10 | 2001-05-02 | 中国科学院合肥智能机械研究所 | 一种探测人体内隐藏毒品的装置和方法 |
US20050058242A1 (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2005-03-17 | Peschmann Kristian R. | Methods and systems for the rapid detection of concealed objects |
GB0312499D0 (en) * | 2003-05-31 | 2003-07-09 | Council Cent Lab Res Councils | Tomographic energy dispersive diffraction imaging system |
DE10330521A1 (de) | 2003-07-05 | 2005-02-10 | Smiths Heimann Gmbh | Gerät und Verfahren zur Überprüfung von Gegenständen |
DE10339486A1 (de) * | 2003-08-27 | 2005-03-31 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum Ermitteln und Lokalisieren von störobjektebedingten Messsystemfehlern in der Computertomographie |
DE102005011467B4 (de) * | 2005-03-12 | 2008-02-28 | Smiths Heimann Gmbh | Kollimator mit einstellbarer Brennweite, hierauf gerichtetes Verfahren sowie Röntgenprüfanlage |
EP1896875A2 (de) * | 2005-06-14 | 2008-03-12 | L-3 Communications Security and Detection Systems, Inc. | Inspektionssystem mit materialidentifizierung |
-
2005
- 2005-01-26 DE DE102005016656A patent/DE102005016656A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2006
- 2006-01-18 DE DE502006007583T patent/DE502006007583D1/de active Active
- 2006-01-18 WO PCT/EP2006/000396 patent/WO2006079471A1/de active Application Filing
- 2006-01-18 EP EP06706277A patent/EP1842208B1/de active Active
- 2006-01-18 CN CN2006800032792A patent/CN101107677B/zh active Active
- 2006-01-18 AT AT06706277T patent/ATE476742T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2007
- 2007-07-26 US US11/878,785 patent/US8472587B2/en active Active
-
2008
- 2008-07-15 HK HK08107762.3A patent/HK1117635A1/xx unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2006079471A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2006079471A1 (de) | 2006-08-03 |
ATE476742T1 (de) | 2010-08-15 |
CN101107677A (zh) | 2008-01-16 |
US20110182404A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
CN101107677B (zh) | 2011-04-13 |
EP1842208B1 (de) | 2010-08-04 |
DE502006007583D1 (de) | 2010-09-16 |
DE102005016656A1 (de) | 2006-08-10 |
HK1117635A1 (en) | 2009-01-16 |
US8472587B2 (en) | 2013-06-25 |
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