EP1838007B1 - Drahtlose Kommunikationsvorrichtung - Google Patents

Drahtlose Kommunikationsvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1838007B1
EP1838007B1 EP20070104517 EP07104517A EP1838007B1 EP 1838007 B1 EP1838007 B1 EP 1838007B1 EP 20070104517 EP20070104517 EP 20070104517 EP 07104517 A EP07104517 A EP 07104517A EP 1838007 B1 EP1838007 B1 EP 1838007B1
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Prior art keywords
frequency
signal
wireless communication
receiver
communication apparatus
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French (fr)
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EP1838007A1 (de
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Takashi c/o SONY CORPORATION Nakayama
Mitsuhiro c/o Sony Corporation Suzuki
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Sony Corp
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Sony Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
    • H04B1/715—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B2001/7154—Interference-related aspects with means for preventing interference

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to wireless communication apparatuses that adopt an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation method and that perform ultra-wideband (UWB) communications in which transmission signals are spread over a wide band, and more particularly, to a multiband OFDM (MB-OFDM) wireless communication apparatus that performs UWB communications while performing frequency hopping (FP) for each OFDM symbol.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • UWB ultra-wideband
  • the present invention relates to wireless communication apparatuses that perform MB-OFDM communications while avoiding, in consideration of frequency use efficiency, interference with existing communication systems that use narrow-band signals, and more particularly, to an MB-OFDM wireless communication apparatus that avoids such interference by setting an actual noise floor at an antenna terminal, not a baseband output, to a specified level or less.
  • UWB communications which is capable of high-speed transmission of 100 Mbps or faster utilizing a very wide frequency band.
  • a UWB spectrum mask is defined by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
  • FCC Federal Communications Commission
  • UWB transmission in the 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz frequency band is permitted for indoor communications.
  • UWB communications adopts a wireless communication method for short-distance communication due to low transmission power, and is capable of high-speed wireless transmission.
  • PAN personal area network having a communication range of about 10 meters is assumed for UWB communications. Therefore, practical use of UWB communications as a wireless communication system implementing short-distance ultra-high-speed transmission has been expected.
  • an FH method in which a used frequency band is flexibly changed has been known.
  • packets are transmitted and received while the frequency is changed at random.
  • communication may be interrupted due to the influence of a different system, communication is hardly ever interrupted since the frequency is continuously changed. That is, according to the FH method, coexistence with a different system can be achieved, an excellent fading resistance can be realized, and the scalability can be easily enhanced.
  • a multiband method (hereinafter, referred to as an "MB-OFDM method") in which the 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz frequency band defined by the FCC is divided into a plurality of subbands each having a width of 528 MHz and frequency hopping is performed between the subbands is discussed.
  • Fig. 11 shows an example of frequency allocation defined by an MB-OFDM communication method (see, for example, " MBOFDM PHY Specification Final Release 1.0", WiMedia Alliance, April 27, 2005 ).
  • a frequency band of 5 GHz used for a wireless local-area network (LAN) is defined as a null band, and the remaining frequency band is divided into thirteen subbands.
  • the subbands are grouped into four groups, groups A to D, and frequency is controlled for each group so that communication can be performed.
  • the group A is a mandatory band group defined in the standard specification.
  • Fig. 12 shows a state in which data is transmitted while frequency hopping is performed with respect to an OFDM symbol in the time axis in the MB-OFDM method.
  • the group A constituted by bands #1 to #3 shown in Fig. 11 is used, frequency hopping is performed while the center frequency is changed for each OFDM symbol, and OFDM modulation adopting inverse fast Fourier transform/fast Fourier transform (IFFT/FFT) formed by 128 points is performed.
  • IFFT/FFT inverse fast Fourier transform/fast Fourier transform
  • a transmission signal of one communication system may act as an interfering wave for the other systems.
  • existing communication systems for example, fixed microwaves, broadcast waves, radio astronomical waves, and the like
  • DAA detect and avoid
  • the interference level is mitigated to -41.3 dBm/MHz (the same as the frequency output regulations defined by the FCC).
  • the interference level must be -70 dBm/MHz or less.
  • a transmission signal of a different system in a UWB transmission band is examined. If a transmission signal of a different system exists in the UWB transmission band, a UWB transmission wave is emitted at a specified level or less (that is, at a very weak level).
  • a signal output from an existing communication system is a narrow-band signal, only part of the band used by the UWB communication system has an influence, if the UWB emission level is reduced to the specified level or less throughout the band by detecting the signal output from the different system, satisfactory frequency use efficiency is not achieved.
  • frequency use efficiency selectively reducing the UWB emission level to the specified level or less only in a frequency band region in which a signal of a different system is detected is desirable as a high-speed communication method.
  • a notch is provided only in a frequency band region in which a transmission signal of a different system is detected (see Fig. 13 ).
  • UWB communication using frequency band regions other than the frequency band region in which the transmission signal of the different system is detected is available while interference with the different system is avoided.
  • a DSSS-UWB transceiver when the presence of a different narrow-band wireless system in a used frequency band is detected, if, in order to avoid interference, a notch is provided only in a band region in which the different narrow-band wireless system is detected, a transmission waveform is distorted, resulting in failure to perform communication as a system.
  • the FFT has a frequency detection operation.
  • A/D analog-to-digital
  • a problem in a radio frequency (RF) circuit module is more crucial. This problem will be considered for a receiver and a transmitter, individually.
  • Fig. 14 shows an example of a configuration of a receiver used in an MB-OFDM system (see, for example, Anuj Batra, "03267r1P802-15_TG3a-Multi-band-OFDM-CFP-Presentation.ppt", pp.17, July 2003 ).
  • the receiver shown in Fig. 14 adopts a Zero-IF configuration.
  • an intermediate frequency (IF) stage is deleted.
  • the receiver After amplifying a signal received by an antenna, the receiver performs direct frequency conversion on a baseband signal by multiplying the amplified signal by a local frequency f LO .
  • IF intermediate frequency
  • local (LO) signals cos(2 ⁇ f LO ) and sin(2 ⁇ f LO ) having a frequency the same as the center frequency of an RF signal are used for frequency conversion of a reception signal in an I-axis and a Q-axis.
  • a lower frequency band is extracted through a low-pass filter (LPF), amplification is performed by a variable gain amplifier (VGA), and A/D conversion is performed.
  • LPF low-pass filter
  • VGA variable gain amplifier
  • A/D conversion is performed.
  • a signal in a time axis is converted into a signal in a frequency axis by FFT, demodulation is performed on each carrier, and information sent as an original serial signal is reproduced.
  • the Zero-IF receiver for example, when the bands of the group A shown in Fig. 11 are used, three frequencies, 3432 MHz, 3960 MHz, and 4488 MHz, which are the same as the center frequencies of RF signals, are used as local signals LO.
  • Self-mixing of a local signal is generated, as shown in Fig. 15 , when part of the local signal leaked from the receiver main unit toward the antenna is reflected at the antenna and returned to the receiver main unit and the returned part is multiplied by the local signal in a mixer.
  • a reflected wave may be received at the antenna and mixed with the local signal.
  • the amplitude of the local signal is 0.5 V
  • the total gain of a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and the mixer is 30 dB
  • -70 dB attenuation is achieved from reflection of the leakage of the local signal at the antenna to return to a point A shown in Fig. 15 .
  • the DC offset of an output of the mixer is 2.5 mV.
  • the signal level of a desired wave is at least about -74 dBm
  • the frequency of the local signal changes for each frequency hopping operation.
  • the reflection coefficient of the antenna is different according to the frequency of a local signal.
  • the DC offset in the down-converter output generated by self-mixing changes in accordance with frequency hopping.
  • the frequency of frequency hopping is 3.2 MHz, which is the same as the symbol rate.
  • DC offset components which are generated in steps, are viewed in terms of a frequency range after execution of FFT, interference occurs with respect to a baseband desired signal, as shown in Fig. 17 .
  • a VGA is disposed downstream of a down-converter output, and the gain of the VGA is controlled from a baseband signal processor side such that a reception signal has an optimal dynamic range (that is, maintains a target level) in an A/D converter, which is disposed in the downstream. Since a very large gain is obtained in the VGA, even if a DC offset component generated in the down-converter output is very small, a very large DC offset component is obtained as a VGA output. For example, if an RF circuit module is designed and produced as an RF complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuit based on a wiring rule of 0.13 micrometers, the power-supply voltage is 1.2 V. Thus, in a circuit configuration in which MOS transistors are stacked vertically, a large DC offset component collapses the drain-source voltage V ds . Thus, a desired characteristic is not achieved.
  • CMOS complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
  • capacitors are inserted in series between stages of mixer outputs (see Fig. 18 ).
  • a capacitor C and a circuit impedance R constitute a first-order high-pass filter (HPF).
  • HPF high-pass filter
  • inserting the HPF prevents a baseband unit of the receiver from obtaining information on a frequency in the vicinity of the local frequency of the receiver.
  • a signal from a different system is not detected. That is, DAA is not achieved.
  • a double-balanced mixer is used as an orthogonal modulator (MOD). If a mixer of this type performs an ideal operation, a differential signal is cancelled out between RF and baseband and between LO and RF. Thus, feed through does not exist. However, in the actual IC, due to asymmetry caused by relative variation of elements and no execution of ideal square-wave switching, feed through exists between RF and baseband and between LO and RF. Thus, a carrier leakage is generated in an MOD output.
  • Orthogonal modulation uses local signals having a phase difference of 90 degrees.
  • the local signals of the phase difference of 90 degrees are multiplied with an I-axis signal having the same phase channel and a Q-axis signal being orthogonal to the I-axis signal.
  • This multiplication circuit ideally operates so as to suppress the local signals. Actually, however, a carrier leakage is generated due to feed through caused by imbalance of circuit elements. In addition, when deviation of DC bias exists in the I-axis and the Q-axis, since the multiplication circuit does not suppress the local signals, a carrier leakage is also generated.
  • a local signal can be mathematically expressed as a Fourier series represented by equation (1).
  • the conversion gain of MOD_MIX is assumed as being 0 dB.
  • the operation of the double-balanced MOD_MIX is regarded as being ideal square-wave switching.
  • a bias component of a signal I of I and Q differential signals and a bias component of an inversion signal IX (or a signal Q and an inversion signal QX) are represented by A1 and A2, respectively. Since an inversion signal LOX of a local signal is represented by 1-LO(t), a signal component of a double-balanced MOD_MIX output is represented by equation (2).
  • WiMedia Alliance has decided upon the use of the UWB wireless system for a physical layer of a wireless universal serial bus (USB). In this case, in terms of the cost of a UWB device, it is difficult to adjust bias components of the I and IX signals to 0.1 mV or less in a production line for each USB device.
  • a receiver having a Low-IF configuration using a lower IF is known.
  • unification of architectures of a transmitter and a receiver is basic to the design of communication apparatuses.
  • an image spurious component in an orthogonal modulator is generated only in the Low-IF configuration, and an image spurious component is not generated in the Zero-IF configuration. If a detection signal exists above a local frequency, as shown in Fig.
  • wireless communication apparatuses utilizing an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing communication method are given by the prior art documents US2005195883 , US2005164642 and WO2006007599 .
  • a wireless communication apparatus utilizing an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing communication method includes an antenna that transmits and receives a radio-frequency signal; a receiver frequency converter that frequency-converts the received radio-frequency signal into a baseband signal in accordance with a low-intermediate frequency method using a local signal obtained by adding a low intermediate frequency to a center frequency of the radio-frequency signal; an analog-to-digital converter that converts the baseband signal into a digital signal; an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing demodulator that acquires a plurality of subcarriers in a frequency domain by performing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing demodulation of the digitized signal; a data reproduction unit that reproduces data from each of the plurality of subcarriers after the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing demodulation is performed; a transmission data generator that generates transmission data by allocating to the plurality of subcarriers data that is requested from an upper layer to be transmitted; an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulator that perform
  • UWB communication using a very wide frequency band has been expected as a wireless communication system that implements short-distance ultra-high-speed transmission, and standardization has been performed.
  • a detect and avoid (DAA) mechanism is necessary in which the presence of a transmission signal from the different system in a UWB transmission band is examined and a UWB transmission wave is emitted at a specified level or less if a transmission signal from the different signal exists.
  • UWB communication can be performed using frequency band regions other than the frequency band region in which the interference with the different system may occur.
  • a problem in an RF circuit module is more crucial.
  • a receiver Due to an HPF inserted in order to remove a DC offset component generated in a down-converter output, a receiver generates a band region in which frequency information is not obtained. If the communication apparatus adopts the Zero-IF method, such a dead band region is located in the vicinity of a local frequency of the receiver. Thus, it is difficult to perform detection processing of a DAA operation. Thus, although it is necessary to reduce the output level of a transmission signal to -70 dBm/MHz or less in accordance with the provisional mask scheme described above released by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, it is very difficult to satisfy the above-mentioned requirement because of the problem of a carrier leakage.
  • the transmitter architecture is based on the Zero-IF method and the receiver architecture is based on the Low-IF method.
  • an interference component with respect to a desired signal is located in a band region obtained by adding the IF of 264 MHz to the local frequency, that is, near an end of a subband. Thus, no dead band region is generated within the subband.
  • Low-IF means Near Zero-IF, that is, a reduced IF
  • the IF is not necessarily limited to 264 MHz, which is half the bandwidth.
  • a dead band region is disposed outside the used band.
  • the transmitter adopts the Zero-IF configuration. Since the receiver is capable of detecting the presence of a different system in each subband, if the ratio of signal to noise is reduced in each band region in the vicinity of a boundary between subbands serving as a dead band region, DAA technology, which is proposed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, can be satisfactorily used. More specifically, when a D/A converter in an analog front-end unit of the transmitter has a resolution of 6 bits, the noise floor level at an antenna terminal can be reduced to -70 dBm/MHz or less.
  • the transmitter When the transmitter adopts the Zero-IF method, it is necessary to use a frequency of 264 MHz, which corresponds to half the subband width, in a multiband generator. Thus, if a third harmonic wave or a fifth harmonic wave is generated, a spurious component is generated within the band of the corresponding band group.
  • the third harmonic wave or the fifth harmonic wave can be canceled out and only a fundamental component can be extracted.
  • a spurious component is not generated within the band of the mandatory band group A defined by the standardized specifications for the MB-OFDM-UWB transceiver.
  • the noise floor level at the antenna terminal can be reduced to -70 dBm/MHz or less.
  • the Zero-IF method is adopted as an up-converter in the transmitter, an image spurious component generated caused by an error in the amplitude and phase of I and Q signals when orthogonal modulation is performed, which is a problem occurring in the Low-IF method, is not generated.
  • avoidance processing for each subband and avoidance processing for each subcarrier of the DAA operation are not necessarily performed at the same time. Therefore, a burden regarding the adoption of countermeasures for DAA in the baseband unit is decreased.
  • the UWB transmitter performs subband avoidance or subcarrier avoidance.
  • the noise floor level at the antenna terminal can be reduced to -70 dBm/MHz or less.
  • the UWB transmitter performs subband avoidance.
  • the noise floor level at the antenna terminal can be reduced to -70 dBm/MHz or less.
  • the wireless communication apparatus since a bandpass filter that performs band limiting is arranged upstream of the antenna terminal so as not to generate a spurious component outside the band of a mandatory band group defined by the standardized specifications for the MB-OFDM-UWB transceiver.
  • the noise floor level at the antenna terminal can be reduced to -70 dBm/MHz or less.
  • an excellent wireless communication apparatus that suitably performs MB-OFDM communications while avoiding, in consideration of frequency use efficiency, interference with an existing communication system that uses a narrow-band signal can be provided.
  • an excellent wireless communication apparatus that is capable of avoiding interference by setting an actual noise floor at an antenna terminal, not a baseband output, to a specified level or less can be provided.
  • the Low-IF method is adopted as an up-converter of the receiver, no dead band region is generated near a local frequency of the receiver.
  • detection processing of the DAA operation can be suitably achieved.
  • the wireless communication apparatus utilizing the MB-OFDM method, since the Zero-IF method is adopted as an up-converter of the transmitter, an image spurious component caused by an error in the amplitude and phase of I and Q signals when orthogonal modulation is performed, which is a problem occurring in the Low-IF method, is not generated.
  • avoidance processing for each subband and avoidance processing for each subcarrier of the DAA operation are not necessarily performed at the same time. Therefore, a burden regarding the adoption of countermeasures for DAA in the baseband unit is decreased.
  • the present invention relates to a wireless communication apparatus that performs UWB communication in which an OFDM modulation method is adopted. More specifically, MB-OFDM communication in which the 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz frequency band defined by the FCC is divided into a plurality of subbands each having 528-MHz width and frequency hopping is performed between the subbands is performed.
  • the DAA mechanism is implemented in the wireless communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention in order to mitigate the level of interference to a different system caused by UWB transmission waves.
  • the wireless communication apparatus examines whether a transmission signal from the different system exists in a UWB transmission band, and starts data transmission while avoiding the interference.
  • Fig. 1 shows a configuration of an MB-OFDM transceiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • An upper portion of the drawing corresponds to a receiver and a lower portion of the drawing corresponds to a transmitter.
  • the receiver and the transmitter use a common antenna through an antenna switch (ANT SW).
  • the receiver architecture is defined by a Low-IF configuration
  • the transmitter architecture is defined by a Zero-IF configuration.
  • the receiver having the Low-IF configuration is known as being capable of solving a DC offset problem occurring in a receiver having the Zero-IF configuration.
  • a Low-IF method is described, for example, in J. Crols and M. Steyaert, "Low-IF Topologies for High-Performance Analog Front Ends of Fully Integrated Receivers” (IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, vol. 45, pp. 269-282, Mar. 1998 ).
  • a receiver system utilizing the Low-IF method frequency-converts a reception signal into an IF signal by performing down conversion using complex local signal frequencies cos(2f LO+256MHz t) and sin(2f LO+256 MHzt) obtained by adding a low intermediate frequency (IF), which is supplied from a frequency generator (not shown), of 264 MHz corresponding half the bandwidth in frequency hopping to a reception frequency.
  • IF intermediate frequency
  • a desired signal and an image signal appear in the IF on both sides of a local frequency f LO+256 MHz.
  • the image signal is removed by using a Hilbert bandpass filter (BPF) as an IF filter.
  • BPF Hilbert bandpass filter
  • VGA variable gain amplifier
  • A/D conversion is performed on the amplified IF signal.
  • a sampling frequency for A/D conversion is twice the signal frequency.
  • a signal frequency range is -528 MHz to 0 MHz.
  • a sampling frequency of 1056 MHz is necessary.
  • A/D conversion is performed at 528 MHz (that is, the bandwidth of the center frequency in frequency hopping), which is half of 1056 MHz, and the frequency folding is positively utilized (see, for example, the specification of Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-309148 , which has already been assigned to the present applicant).
  • the A/D converted digital signal is transformed into a signal in the frequency domain by FFT.
  • a data reproduction unit modulates the phase and amplitude of each of a plurality of subcarriers, and decodes a signal point in a topological space into an original signal system.
  • the original signal system is passed to an upper layer.
  • a transmission data generation unit in the Phy baseband processor encodes transmission data requested from the upper layer, and allocates the encoded transmission data to a plurality of subcarriers to modulate the phase and amplitude of each of the plurality of subcarriers. Then, inverse Fourier transform is performed on the plurality of subcarriers by IFFT to obtain a time-axis signal while the orthogonality of each of the subcarriers is maintained.
  • the OFDM modulation signal is D/A converted at a sampling rate of 1056 Msps, and only a signal component in a desired band is extracted through a low-pass filter (LPF).
  • LPF low-pass filter
  • an analog baseband signal is up-converted into a wireless signal by multiplying the extracted signal component with a local frequency f LO obtained by removing an intermediate frequency (IF) stage in accordance with the Zero-IF method.
  • the wireless signal is amplified to a desired transmission power level by a power amplifier (PA), and output from and antenna through the antenna switch and an RF bandpass filter to a transmission channel. Since the RF bandpass filter that performs band limiting is arranged upstream of the antenna terminal, the MB-OFDM UWB transmitter does not generate a spurious component outside the band of a mandatory band group defined by the standardized specifications.
  • PA power amplifier
  • a communication operation controller 31 performs determination processing of a DAA operation by using a frequency detection operation provided in the FFT. That is, the presence of a narrow-band signal serving as an interfering wave is detected, for each subcarrier, from the OFDM-demodulated signal. In accordance with the detection result, an instruction for execution of an interference avoidance operation for each subcarrier or for each subband is given to the transmission system. Execution of subcarrier avoidance is attained by providing a notch in a frequency band region of an unwanted subcarrier using AIC technology. In addition, execution of subband avoidance is attained by not performing frequency hopping in a subband in which interference may occur.
  • Figs. 9A to 9C schematically show a communication operation of subband avoidance.
  • the communication apparatus is performing data transmission using the subband #2 in the band group A
  • the presence of a narrow-band signal used by a different communication system is detected in the subband #2.
  • the subband #3 is newly selected as a transmission channel. Accordingly, by changing the transmission channel, interference with the narrow-band communication system can be avoided.
  • Figs. 10A to 10C schematically show a communication operation of subcarrier avoidance.
  • the communication apparatus is performing data transmission using the subband #2 in the band group A
  • the presence of a narrow-band signal used by a different communication system is detected in the subband #2.
  • a notch filter is set so as to fit the center frequency and the bandwidth of the detected narrow-band signal.
  • the transmitter is capable of transmitting a UWB signal formed by a subband in which the notch is inserted so as to avoid interference with the narrow-band communication system.
  • the UWB transmitter performs subband avoidance or subcarrier avoidance. If the UWB receiver detects the presence of a different system that is performing communication in a frequency band in the vicinity of the local signal of the UWB receiver, the UWB transmitter performs subband avoidance.
  • unification of architectures of a transmitter and a receiver is basic to the design of communication apparatuses.
  • a transmitter and a receiver have the same architecture, which is one of the Zero-IF configuration and the Low-IF configuration
  • a circuit configuration can be simplified.
  • the receiver has the Low-IF configuration and the transmitter has the Zero-IF configuration, as shown in Fig. 1 .
  • a major feature of this embodiment is that different architectures are adopted in the transmitter and the receiver. An advantage of such an apparatus configuration will be described below.
  • the receiver Due to the HPF inserted in order to remove a DC offset component generated in a down-converter output, the receiver generates a band region in which frequency information is not obtained. If the communication apparatus adopts the Zero-IF method, such a dead band region is located in the vicinity of a local frequency of the receiver. Thus, it is difficult to perform detection processing of the DAA operation. In contrast, if the receiver adopts the Low-IF method, an interference component with respect to a desired signal is located in a band region obtained by adding an IF of 264 MHz to the local frequency, that is, near an end of a subband. Thus, no dead band region is generated within the subband.
  • Fig. 2 shows band regions in which a signal of a different system is detectable and band regions in which a signal of a different system is not detectable due to the HPF in the group A shown in Fig. 11 when the receiver adopts the Low-IF method.
  • the band regions in which a signal of a different system can be detected are represented by upper-left to lower-right diagonal lines.
  • the band regions in which signal detection is not available are represented by upper-right to lower-left diagonal lines.
  • the Low-IF method when the Low-IF method is employed in the MB-OFDM communication system as in this embodiment, since an IF of 264 MHz, which is half the hopping frequency, is used, dead band regions are disposed in the vicinity of boundaries between subbands, as shown in Fig. 2 .
  • Low-IF means Near Zero-IF, that is, a reduced IF
  • the IF is not necessarily limited to half the bandwidth.
  • a dead band region is disposed outside the used band.
  • the Zero-IF configuration is adopted, unlike the receiver architecture.
  • the receiver since the receiver is capable of detecting the presence of a different system in each subband (see Fig. 2 ), if an output signal level can be reduced to -70 dBm/MHz or less in each band region in the vicinity of a boundary between subbands serving as a dead band region (see Fig. 3 ), DAA technology, which is proposed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, can be satisfactorily used.
  • the transmitter architecture based on the Low-IF method there is a problem of an image spurious component generated by IQ imbalance when orthogonal modulation is performed, as described above.
  • the Zero-IF configuration an image spurious component is not generated.
  • two types of interference avoidance technology, subband avoidance and subcarrier avoidance are not necessary at the same time. Therefore, a burden regarding the adoption of countermeasures for DAA in the baseband unit is decreased.
  • an output signal level can be reduced to -70 dBm/MHz or less in each band region in the vicinity of boundaries of subbands in the transmitter having the Zero-IF configuration, as shown in Fig. 3 .
  • a ratio S/Nq representing the ratio of signal to quantization noise is represented by equation (6).
  • a portion "6.02 x N[bit] + 1.76" is an expression derived when a sinusoidal signal is sampled at a full-scale voltage in a D/A converter having a resolution of N bits. However, actually, by performing over sampling, the spectral density of quantization noise is reduced. This corresponds to a portion "OSR". Since the peak factor of an MB-OFDM signal is about 7 dB, it is necessary to consider the full-scale voltage of the D/A converter on the basis of 7 dB.
  • Fig. 4 shows an example of a configuration of blocks for combining frequencies for frequency hopping for the above-mentioned frequency configuration.
  • a reference frequency obtained from a single oscillator for example, a temperature-compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO)
  • TCXO temperature-compensated crystal oscillator
  • spurious components caused by a harmonic wave of 528 MHz appear at 2640 MHz and 5808 MHz (see Fig. 5 ).
  • spurious components appear outside the band regions of the group A, the spurious components can be easily removed using the RF bandpass filter.
  • a spurious component caused by a harmonic wave of 528 MHz appears outside the frequency band of a band group, as described above.
  • a spurious component can be easily removed using the RF bandpass filter.
  • blocks for combining frequencies for frequency hopping are configured as shown in Fig. 6 (see, for example, Anuj Batra, "03267r1P802-15_TG3a-Multiband-OFDM-CFP-Presentation.ppt", pp.17, July 2003 ).
  • Fig. 6 see, for example, Anuj Batra, "03267r1P802-15_TG3a-Multiband-OFDM-CFP-Presentation.ppt", pp.17, July 2003 ).
  • a frequency of 4224 MHz obtained by multiplication of an oscillation frequency output from a single oscillator by a PLL is used as a reference frequency.
  • a frequency of 1056 MHz is extracted by 1/4 frequency division.
  • a frequency of 528 MHz is extracted by 1/2 frequency division and is used for a sampling clock.
  • a frequency of 264 MHz which is the bandwidth of a center frequency in frequency hopping, is extracted from the frequency of 528 MHz.
  • SSB single side band
  • Mixers described as single side band perform frequency addition or subtraction, that is, mixing, on frequency signals obtained as described above.
  • a frequency of 794 MHz is obtained.
  • a selector (Select) selects 264 MHz or 794 MHz.
  • a mixer (SSB) in the downstream performs frequency addition or subtraction of one of the selected frequency signal of 264 MHz or frequency signal of 794 MHz and the original frequency signal of 4224 MHz.
  • four types of frequencies can be obtained.
  • the group A only three types of frequencies, 3432 MHz, 3960 MHz, and 4488 MHz, are used.
  • a spurious component appears within the frequency band of the corresponding band group.
  • -792 MHz which is the third harmonic wave of 264 MHz, as well as 528 MHz and 264 MHz are input to the former SSB for generating 792 MHz
  • -264 MHz as well as 792 MHz, which is a desired frequency
  • This causes generation of a spurious component within the frequency band of the band group A.
  • a spurious component of at most about -10 dBc is generated by the third harmonic wave within the band group A.
  • a digital sine wave is used for the 264 MHz signal.
  • the basic principle of this procedure is described, for example, in Jeffrey A. Weldon, R Sekhar Narayanaswami et al. "A 1.75-GH Highly Integrated Narrow-Band CMOS Transmitter With Harmonic-Rejection Mixers ".
  • Fig. 7 shows a result in which a composite wave obtained by combining a fundamental wave, a third harmonic wave, and a fifth harmonic wave is shifted by 45 degrees and by 90 degrees, and weighting is assigned to the composite waves at a ratio of 1: ⁇ 2 : 1.
  • the third harmonic wave and the fifth harmonic wave are canceled out, and only the fundamental wave component is extracted.
  • Figs. 8A and 8B show images of output spectra of the transmitter having the Zero-IF configuration using such a digital sine wave. As described above, since the digital sine wave is used for 264 MHz, a spurious component is prevented from being generated within the frequency band of a band group.
  • the Phy specifications of the MultiBand OFDM Alliance defines that 10 microseconds (that is, 32 symbols) is used for short interframe spacing (SIFS) and 1.875 microseconds (that is, 6 symbols) is used for minimum interframe spacing (MIFS).
  • SIFS short interframe spacing
  • MIFS minimum interframe spacing
  • BST band frequency switch time
  • the inter-frame spacing (IFS) to the start of packet transmission includes SIFS, MIFS, and the like. However, this point does not directly relate to the gist of the present invention, the explanation of such a method will be omitted.
  • DAA serving as a mandatory function defined by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications can be realized.

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Claims (12)

  1. Drahtloskommunikationsvorrichtung, die ein Orthogonalfrequenzmultiplex(= OFDM)-Kommunikationsverfahren benutzt, aufweisend:
    eine Antenne (ANTENNA), die ein Radiofrequenzsignal überträgt und empfängt,
    einen Empfängerfrequenzumsetzer, der das Radiofrequenzsignal in ein Basisbandsignal entsprechend einem Niedrigzwischenfrequenzverfahren Frequenzumsetzt, das ein lokales Signal benutzt, welches durch Hinzufügen einer vorbestimmten niedrigen Zwischenfrequenz zu einer Mittenfrequenz des Radiofrequenzsignals erhalten wird,
    einen Analog-zu-Digital-Umsetzer (ADC), der das Basisbandsignal in ein digitales Signal umsetzt,
    einen OFDM-Demodulator (FFT), der mehrere Subträger in einem Frequenzbereich durch Ausführen einer OFDM-Demodulation des digitalisierten Signals erfasst,
    eine Datenwiedergabeeinheit (DATA REPRODUCTION UNIT), die Daten von jedem der mehreren Subträger wiedergibt,
    einen Übertragungsdatengenerator (TRANSMISSION DATA GENERATOR), der Übertragungsdaten durch Zuteilen von zu übertragenden, von einer oberen Schicht (UPPER LAYER) erfassten Daten zu den mehreren Subträgern erzeugt,
    einen OFDM-Modulator (IFFT), der eine OFDM-Modulation der mehreren Subträger im Frequenzbereich ausführt,
    einen Digital-zu-Analog-Umsetzer (DAC), der das digitale OFDM-Signal in ein analoges Signal bei einer Auflösung mit einem Signal-zu-Rauschen-Verhältnis eines vorbestimmten Werts oder weniger umsetzt, und
    einen Übertragungsfrequenzumsetzer, der das analoge Übertragungsbasisbandsignal in ein Übertragungsradiofrequenzsignal entsprechend einem Nullzwischenfrequenzverfahren umsetzt, das ein lokales Signal mit einer Frequenz gleich der Frequenz des Radiofrequenzsignals benutzt.
  2. Drahtloskommunikationsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei eine Ultrabreitbandkommunikation, die ein Breitband benutzt, ausgeführt wird.
  3. Drahtloskommunikationsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei eine Mehrbandkommunikation ausgeführt wird, wobei für jedes OFDM-Symbol ein Frequenzspringen zwischen mehreren durch Teilen eines benutzten Frequenzbands erhaltenen Subbändern ausgeführt wird.
  4. Drahtloskommunikationsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, wobei:
    der Empfängerfrequenzumsetzer, der Analog-zu-Digital-Umsetzer, der OFDM-Demodulator und die Datenwiedergabeeinheit mit einem Empfänger korrespondieren, der ein Totbandgebiet in der Nähe einer Grenze zwischen den mehreren Subbändern einstellt und der eine Empfangsoperation ausführt, und
    der Übertragungsdatengenerator, der OFDM-Modulator der Digital-zu-Analog-Umsetzer und der Übertragungsfrequenzumsetzer mit einer Übertragungseinrichtung korrespondieren, die den Rauschenboden bzw. Störpegel im Totbandgebiet auf einen vorbestimmten Pegel oder weniger reduziert und die eine Übertragungsoperation ausführt.
  5. Drahtloskommunikationsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, wobei der Empfängerfrequenzumsetzer einen mit der halben Bandbreite jedes der mehreren Subbänder korrespondierenden Wert als die niedrige Zwischenfrequenz benutzt.
  6. Drahtloskommunikationsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, außerdem aufweisend:
    einen Interferenzdetektor (COMMUNICATION OPERATION CONTROLLER (Kommunikationsbetriebskontroller)), der eine Interferenz mit einem Kommunikationssystem entsprechend einer Signaldetektion detektiert, nachdem die OFDM-Demodulation vom C3FDM-Demodulator ausgeführt ist, und
    eine Interferenzvermeidungseinheit, welche die Interferenz in einem Frequenzbandgebiet, in welchem ein Signal des Kommunikationssystems detektiert wird, vermeidet.
  7. Drahtloskommunikationsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, wobei:
    der Interferenzdetektor im Empfänger bereitgestellt ist und
    die Interferenzvermeidungseinheit in der Übertragungseinrichtung bereitgestellt ist.
  8. Drahtloskommunikationsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, wobei bei Detektieren einer Interferenz mit dem Kommunikationssystem in einem Frequenzbandgebiet nicht in der Nähe des lokalen Signals des Empfängers die Interferenzvermeidungseinheit eine Benutzung eines korrespondierenden Subträgers oder eines korrespondierenden Subbandes vermeidet.
  9. Drahtloskommunikationsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, wobei bei Detektieren einer Interferenz mit dem Kommunikationssystem in einem Frequenzbandgebiet in der Nähe eines lokalen Signals des Empfängers die Interferenzvermeidungseinheit eine Benutzung eines korrespondierenden Subbandes vermeidet.
  10. Drahtloskommunikationsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, außerdem aufweisend:
    einen Mehrbandgenerator, der ein lokales Signal für jedes der mehreren Subbänder durch wiederholte Ausführung einer Frequenzteilung bei einer von einem Oszillator ausgegebenen einzelnen Frequenz und durch Mischen der Frequenzgeteilten Ausgangssignale erzeugt,
    wobei der Mehrbandgenerator eine digitale Sinuswelle als ein Frequenzsignal mit einem mit der halben Bandbreite jedes der mehreren Subbänder korrespondierenden Wert benutzt, wenn das lokale Signal zur Übertragung erzeugt wird.
  11. Drahtloskommunikationsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 10, wobei die Übertragungseinrichtung konfiguriert ist zur Umsetzung eines digitalen Übertragungssignals in ein analoges Signal bei einer Auflösung mit einem Signal-zu-Rauschen-Verhältnis eines vorbestimmten Werts oder weniger.
  12. Drahtloskommunikationsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 11, außerdem aufweisend ein Bandpassfilter (RF, BPF) zur Beschränkung von Frequenzen anders als Frequenzgebiete der mehreren Subbänder, wobei das Bandpassfilter (RF, BPF) stromaufwärts eines Antennenanschlusses angeordnet ist.
EP20070104517 2006-03-22 2007-03-20 Drahtlose Kommunikationsvorrichtung Not-in-force EP1838007B1 (de)

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