EP1835115B1 - Dispositif de protection et système de protection pour objets de valeur - Google Patents

Dispositif de protection et système de protection pour objets de valeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1835115B1
EP1835115B1 EP07103260.1A EP07103260A EP1835115B1 EP 1835115 B1 EP1835115 B1 EP 1835115B1 EP 07103260 A EP07103260 A EP 07103260A EP 1835115 B1 EP1835115 B1 EP 1835115B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
pressure chamber
target
outer envelope
target pressure
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EP07103260.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1835115A2 (fr
EP1835115A3 (fr
Inventor
Peter Villiger
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VILLIGER, PETER
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05G—SAFES OR STRONG-ROOMS FOR VALUABLES; BANK PROTECTION DEVICES; SAFETY TRANSACTION PARTITIONS
    • E05G1/00—Safes or strong-rooms for valuables
    • E05G1/14—Safes or strong-rooms for valuables with means for masking or destroying the valuables, e.g. in case of theft
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45C—PURSES; LUGGAGE; HAND CARRIED BAGS
    • A45C13/00—Details; Accessories
    • A45C13/18—Devices to prevent theft or loss of purses, luggage or hand carried bags
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/20—Actuation by change of fluid pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protection method and a protection system for valuables according to claim 1 or 7.
  • Valuables especially money, must be protected permanently, ie during their storage and during transport.
  • the valuables are enclosed in inner casings in the form of cassettes, as for example in the document WO 2006 125 796 are described. But it can also suitcases according to the document for this purpose WO 2006 084 853 be used.
  • the term "enclosed” does not necessarily mean that the inner sheaths and also the outer shells mentioned below are provided with mechanical, key-operated locks are closable in the conventional sense; the inner and outer sheaths may also be secured in a suitably different manner in a closed or closed manner against being opened, such that the valuables are encapsulated in a kind of capsule, the interior of which is accessible only by suitable manipulations.
  • cassettes are usually stored in security devices. Also, when transporting vehicles preferably vehicles are used, the holds contain safety devices for the cassettes.
  • the risk of theft for the cassettes is particularly high for transports between vehicles and buildings or on larger transport routes within building complexes.
  • the valuables or the inner casings or cassettes are enclosed in special outer shells, and there is provided an anti-abuse device that is triggered by unauthorized manipulation of the outer shell.
  • the abuse protection device can be arranged in or on the inner shell and, for example, be designed to mark and / or value the valuables in such a way that they can not be misused.
  • the anti-abuse device may also include other measures, such as an audible or visual warning signal, that may be detected on-site or at a control center by surveillance personnel.
  • the outer shells used hitherto, and in particular their safety devices, are complex in their manufacture and generally only suitable for receiving cassettes with certain masses and specific designs.
  • an outer shell is used, which can be closed gas-tight. Between the inner shell and the outer shell thereby a pressure chamber is formed, which is acted upon after closing the outer shell with an initial pressure.
  • This initial pressure usually differs little or not from the ambient pressure.
  • a target pressure is now generated, which deviates from the ambient pressure, that is, which is above or below the ambient pressure.
  • the pressure in the pressure chamber is monitored by means of a pressure sensor. Starting from the pressure sensor, the anti-abuse protection device is triggered as soon as the pressure in the pressure chamber deviates from the target pressure by more than a tolerance pressure value.
  • Means are provided to change the state of the anti-abuse device between a dormant state and a triggerable state.
  • the abuse protection device is brought into the releasable state, preferably after the target pressure has been reached in the pressure chamber, and it will be returned to the dormant state if the outer shell is to be opened by a person authorized to do so.
  • the target pressure can be generated for example by means of a pump, for which purpose an opening is present in the outer shell through which air passes during the pumping process, and which can be closed tightly as soon as the pump has increased or decreased the pressure in the pressure chamber to the desired pressure.
  • the pump can be arranged inside or outside the outer shell. Such a change in pressure is referred to as a change with external air communication.
  • the target pressure can also be generated without external air communication, internally but possibly externally controlled, by a physical and / or chemical process.
  • a physical process for generating the desired pressure can take place in such a way that a time-controllable physical process takes place.
  • a target pressure which is above the initial pressure can be generated by an expansion of a fluid in gaseous form from a pressure vessel into the pressure space.
  • a target pressure is preferably selected which is above the ambient or initial pressure.
  • a target pressure which is below the initial pressure can be generated by pumping air from the pressure chamber via a check valve in a pressure chamber arranged in the pressure vessel.
  • Another possibility for generating the target pressure is to generate a time-controllable chemical, such as pyrotechnic, process in the pressure chamber.
  • the target pressure is variable.
  • the target pressure can be selected in terms of time or changed according to a random principle.
  • the inner cover is usually a cassette, for example a cashbox, and it usually comprises the anti-abuse device.
  • the anti-abuse device may for example be a device connected to the inner shell for devaluing the valuables, for example with a coloring or etching substance.
  • a rigid outer shell for example an outer shell in the manner of a shell suitcase.
  • shell cases are inexpensive, and that a particular shell case can be used as an outer shell for inner cases of various types and dimensions.
  • the outer shell may have an inner and an outer wall, wherein the pressure space between these two walls is formed. This has the advantage that the pressure chamber has a smaller volume, so that the generation of the desired pressure requires less effort.
  • FIG. 1A and 1B show a first embodiment of a protection system 10 according to the invention.
  • Valuables 1 here in the form of a bundle of banknotes, are received in an inner shell 12 (eg a cashbox), and this inner shell 12 is enclosed in an outer shell 14.
  • an inner shell 12 eg a cashbox
  • the inner shell 12 is in the present case an (ATM) cassette and is commonly used for storing and transporting the valuables 1.
  • the outer shell 14 is tightly closed and in particular destined to receive the inner shell 12 with the valuables 1 during transport.
  • the outer shell 14 is substantially rigid.
  • a conventional hard shell case or a hard shell case-like container can be used.
  • it is a shell case, which is preferably made of a plastic material.
  • shell cases made of thermoplastic material, preferably kydex® material.
  • a pressure space 13 is formed, in which a pressure p (13) prevails, which is different depending on the situation or time, as will be explained below.
  • the pressure chamber 13 is essentially limited by the inner shell 12 and the outer shell 14.
  • the outer shell 14 may also be two-layered, in which case the pressure chamber is bounded by an outer wall 14.1 and an inner wall 14.2 of the outer shell.
  • the protection system 10 comprises an anti-abuse device 16 which serves to mark and / or to devaluate the valuables 1 if an unauthorized manipulation of the protection system 10 is detected. This marking or devaluing of the valuables 1 takes place, for example, such that a coloring or corrosive substance is released under pressure on the valuables 1, so that they are no longer usable and it is therefore uninteresting to abuse or steal them.
  • the abuse protection device 16 may also generate an optical or acoustic signal.
  • Means associated with the anti-abuse device 16 are provided for altering the state of the anti-abuse device 16 between a dormant state in which it is ineligible or less sensitive and a triggerable state.
  • the anti-abuse device 16 can be brought into its triggerable state in various ways. On the one hand, this can in principle influence on various structural elements of the anti-abuse device 16 are taken, on the other hand, the anti-abuse device 16 can be automated or non-automated brought into their releasable state.
  • the protection system 10 further comprises pressure-changing means 18 in order to generate a setpoint pressure p (13), which deviates measurably from the ambient pressure p (0), when the outer shell 14 is closed in the pressure chamber 13.
  • These means 18 can be arranged permanently in or on the outer shell 14, as will be explained in more detail below, or they can be temporarily arranged outside the outer shell 14.
  • a pressure sensor 20 which detects the respective pressure p (13) in the pressure chamber 13.
  • the pressure sensor 20 serves to control initialization means 22, by means of which a triggering device 16.1 of the anti-abuse device 16 can be initialized. This initialization takes place as soon as the pressure p (13) in the pressure chamber deviates from the setpoint pressure p (s) by more than a predefinable tolerance value ⁇ p, but only if the abuse device 16 has previously been brought into its triggerable state.
  • the initialization means 22 can according to Fig. 1A within the outer shell 14 and remotely controllable or programmable.
  • the initialization means 22 may also be arranged outside the outer shell 14, in which case the connection to the tripping means 16.1 can be carried out without a conductor. An initialization of the triggering means 16.1 results in the triggering of the anti-abuse device 16.
  • the protection system 10 in the further control means 24 can be used to select the respectively required state of the anti-abuse protection system 16, that is to say its dormant state or its triggerable state.
  • the control means 24 may also serve to set the target pressure p (s) and the tolerance pressure value ⁇ p.
  • the control means 24 can serve to determine the time of the generation of the setpoint pressure p (s) or to determine the time period during which a manipulation on the outer shell 14 sets the anti-abuse device 16.1 in operation. Preferably, however, building up the setpoint pressure p (s) is completely self-sufficient, i. not influenceable, from.
  • control means 24 may also be within the outer shell 14 and remotely controllable or programmable.
  • the control means 24 may also be arranged outside the outer shell 14, with a conductorless connection to the means 18 for generating the desired pressure p (s), to the pressure sensor 20 and to the tripping means 16.1.
  • Simple protection systems according to the invention act with control means in the form of once fixed adjustable time switches. More complex control means are programmable, which means that they can still be influenced after the start of the procedure.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B show a possible pressure curve in the pressure chamber 13 in carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the current time t is plotted on the horizontal and the respective pressure p (13) prevailing in the pressure chamber 13 is plotted on the vertical.
  • the ambient pressure is designated p (0).
  • the outer shell 14 is closed, wherein, for example, with rapid slamming of a cover of the outer shell 14, an initial pressure p (a) can be set, which is a little higher than the ambient pressure p (0).
  • the means for generating the desired pressure p (s) are then set in motion, and at time t3, the target pressure p (s) is reached.
  • the protection system 10 is at a suitable time t4, that is, for example, if a theft-prone transport imminent, activated, that is, the anti-abuse device 16 is brought into its triggerable state. However, the protection system 10 may also have been activated at another time.
  • the setpoint pressure p (s) remains for the time being or approaches minimum the ambient pressure p (0), this if the outer shell 14 is not completely sealed.
  • the pressure p (13) is detected continuously or at short intervals by the pressure sensor 20.
  • the pressure p (13) will not change until the time t6 to the ambient pressure p (0) after the outer shell 14 is opened by authorized persons.
  • the necessary measures are taken at time t5 to bring the anti-abuse device 16 in its non-triggerable, that is, resting or, if present, in their less sensitive state, in this case unwanted triggering prevent the abuse prevention device 16.
  • This pressure curve is in the FIGS. 2A and 2B shown by solid lines.
  • the ambient pressure which is variable depending on the weather conditions and altitude above sea level as well as on the ambient temperature, can also be taken into account. In this way, it can be prevented, for example, that the anti-abuse device is erroneously set in motion because the pressure p (13) has risen due to a high ambient temperature, thereby increased temperature in the outer shell and thus an increased pressure in the outer shell 14.
  • a variable set pressure p (s) prevents unauthorized persons from preventing the initialization of the anti-abuse device 16 by appropriate measures, for example by opening the outer shell 14 in a pressure chamber.
  • a protection system 10 in which the pressure-changing means 18 for generating the desired pressure p (s) comprise a pump.
  • a tightly shut off breakthrough 18.1 (for example, provided with a suitable valve) is provided in the outer shell 14 so that when not breached breakthrough, the pressure chamber 13 can communicate with the environment.
  • an integrated pump can be used, which is permanently connected to the protection device 10.
  • Such an integrated pump may be an external pump disposed within the outer shell 14 or an internal pump as shown in FIG Fig. 3A shown outside the outer shell 14 is arranged. It can also be used a non-integrated pump, which is only temporarily connected to the other components of the protection system 10.
  • Integrated external pumps and non-integrated pumps make it possible to carry out the power supply for the generation of the target pressure in a structurally simple and energetically not limited manner.
  • a pressure vessel is provided, which communicates via an opening with a check valve with the pressure chamber 13.
  • the pressure p (13) in the pressure chamber is reduced and the pressure in the pressure vessel is increased.
  • Fig. 3B shows a further embodiment of the inventive protection system 10, in which for generating the target pressure p (s) a physical process, but not by means of a pump, set in motion.
  • the target pressure p (s) generated in this way is correspondingly Fig. 2A , above the ambient pressure p (0).
  • a pressure-changing means 18 a pressure vessel is provided substantially.
  • the pressure vessel contains a fluid 18.2 which is under a fluid pressure p (f) which deviates more from the ambient pressure p (0) than the desired pressure p (s) to be generated.
  • Fig. 3C shows a still further embodiment of the inventive protection system 10, in which for generating the target pressure p (s), a chemical process is set in motion.
  • a setpoint pressure p (s) is generated in this case, which corresponds accordingly Fig. 2A is above the ambient pressure p (0) by the chemical reaction leads to an increase in pressure in the pressure chamber 13, as is the case in particular in pyrotechnic processes.
  • it can also be carried out a chemical reaction, which leads to a reduction in pressure in the pressure chamber 13, so that the target pressure p (s) accordingly Fig. 2B is below the ambient pressure p (0).
  • a suitable amount of an explosive with an ignition system 18.3 are arranged in the pressure chamber 13, which is either preprogrammed or externally controllable. The ignition of the explosive takes place at an appropriate time after the inner shell 12 has been included with the valuables 1 in the outer shell 14.
  • a double-walled container which has an inner shell enclosed in an outer shell.
  • This container is prepared so prepared and the resulting pressure between the inner shell and outer shell pressure chamber is subjected to pressure or negative pressure (preferred variant) and hermetically sealed.
  • Embodiments in which one works with a special gas are preferred. Sensors may be used which detect not only changes in pressure but also the presence or absence of that particular gas.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Dispositif de protection pour objets de valeur (1), dans lequel
    - les objets de valeur (1) sont renfermés dans une enveloppe intérieure (12),
    - l'enveloppe intérieure (12) est renfermée dans une enveloppe extérieure (14), et
    - en cas de manipulation non autorisée de l'enveloppe extérieure (14), il se déclenche un système de protection contre un mauvais usage (16) pour les objets de valeur (1),
    - lorsque l'on renferme l'enveloppe intérieure (12) dans l'enveloppe extérieure (14), il se forme dans l'enveloppe extérieure (14) une chambre de pression (13) alimentée avec une pression initiale (p(a)),
    - il est produit dans la chambre de pression (13), par le biais de moyens modifiant la pression (18), une pression de consigne (p(s)) qui s'écarte de la pression ambiante (p(0)), et dans lequel
    - des moyens de déclenchement (16.1), en cas de changement de pression, déclenchent un système de protection contre un mauvais usage (16),
    - la pression de consigne (p(s)) est déterminée,
    - la pression (p(13)) dans la chambre de pression (13) est contrôlée par le biais d'un capteur de pression (20), et dans lequel
    - les moyens de déclenchement (16.1) sont commandés par le capteur de pression (20) et déclenchent le système de protection contre un mauvais usage (16) lorsque la pression (p(13)) dans la chambre de pression (13) s'écarte de la pression de consigne (p(s)) au-delà d'une valeur de pression de tolérance (Δp),
    caractérisé en ce que :
    - la pression de consigne (p(s)) est établie de façon indépendante par le biais de moyens modifiant la pression (18),
    - la pression de consigne (p(s)) est commandée par le biais d'un moyen de commande (24) raccordé au capteur de pression (20) de sorte que, en cas de modification de la pression ambiante (p(0)), la pression de consigne (p(s)) soit maintenue à une certaine valeur.
  2. Dispositif de protection selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le système de protection contre un mauvais usage (16) est amené dans un état déclenchable ou moins sensible lorsque la pression (p(13) dans la chambre de pression (13) a atteint la pression de consigne (p(s)).
  3. Dispositif de protection selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que la pression de consigne (p(s)) est produite à l'aide d'une pompe (18).
  4. Dispositif de protection selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que la pression de consigne (p(s)) est produite à l'aide d'un procédé physique réglable dans le temps qui se déroule à l'intérieur de la chambre de pression (13), en particulier à l'aide d'une expansion d'un fluide sous une forme gazéiforme depuis un réservoir sous pression (18).
  5. Dispositif de protection selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que la pression de consigne (p(s)) est produite à l'aide d'un procédé chimique réglable dans le temps, par exemple un procédé pyrotechnique, qui se déroule à l'intérieur de la chambre de pression (13).
  6. Dispositif de protection selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la pression de consigne (p(s)) peut être modifiée, par exemple de manière aléatoire.
  7. Système de protection (10) pour protéger des objets de valeur (1), comprenant :
    - une enveloppe intérieure (12) pour renfermer les objets de valeur (1),
    - une enveloppe extérieure (14) pour renfermer l'enveloppe intérieure (12),
    - un système de protection contre un mauvais usage (16) pour les objets de valeur (1), et
    - un dispositif de déclenchement (16.1) pour déclencher le système de protection contre un mauvais usage (16) en cas de manipulation non autorisée de l'enveloppe extérieure,
    dans lequel,
    - l'enveloppe extérieure (14) peut être fermée de façon hermétique, une chambre de pression (13) alimentée avec une pression initiale (p(a)) pouvant ainsi être produite dans l'enveloppe extérieure (14),
    - il est prévu des moyens modifiant la pression (18) afin de produire dans la chambre de pression (13), lorsque l'enveloppe extérieure (14) est fermée bien hermétiquement, une pression de consigne (p(s)) qui s'écarte de la pression ambiante (p(0)),
    - il est agencé un capteur de pression pour enregistrer la pression (p(13)) dans la chambre de pression (13), et
    - il est prévu des moyens d'initialisation (22) pouvant être commandés par le capteur de pression (20), par le biais desquels le système de déclenchement (16.1) peut être initialisé, et par la même occasion, le système de protection contre un mauvais usage déclenché lorsque la pression s'écarte de la pression de consigne (p(s)) au-delà d'une valeur de pression de tolérance (Δp),
    caractérisé en ce que :
    - les moyens modifiant la pression (18) sont configurés de façon à ce que la pression de consigne p(s) soit établie de façon indépendante, et
    - les moyens de commande (24) programmables raccordés au capteur de pression (20) sont prévus pour commander la pression de consigne (p(s)) de façon à ce que, en cas de modification de la pression ambiante (p(0)) ou de la température ambiante, la pression de consigne (p(s)) puisse être maintenue à une certaine valeur.
  8. Système de protection (10) selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu des moyens pour faire passer le système de protection contre un mauvais usage (16) depuis un état de repos à un état de déclenchement pendant qu'il règne dans la chambre de pression (13) la pression de consigne (p(s)).
  9. Système de protection (10) selon l'une des revendications 7 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe intérieure (12) est une cassette, par exemple une cassette d'argent, qui renferme de préférence le système de protection contre un mauvais usage (16).
  10. Système de protection (10) selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le système de protection contre un mauvais usage (16) renferme un dispositif agencé à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe intérieure (12) pour dévaluer les objets de valeur (1).
  11. Système de protection (10) selon l'une des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe extérieure (14) est rigide, par exemple sous la forme d'une valise rigide.
  12. Système de protection (10) selon l'une des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce que :
    - l'enveloppe extérieure (14) comporte une ouverture (32) pouvant être fermée de façon hermétique, par laquelle la chambre de pression (13) peut être amenée en contact avec l'environnement, et
    - les moyens (18) pour produire la pression de consigne (p(s)) dans la chambre de pression (13) comprennent une pompe (30).
  13. Système de protection (10) selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la pompe (30) est agencée à l'extérieur de l'enveloppe extérieure (14).
  14. Système de protection (10) selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la pompe (30) est montée à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe extérieure (14) et peut être commandée depuis l'extérieur de l'enveloppe extérieure (14).
  15. Système de protection (10) selon l'une des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la pression de consigne (p(s)) dans la chambre de pression (13) peut être produite au moyen de moyens physiques et/ou chimiques.
  16. Système de protection (10) selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les moyens (18) pour produire la pression de consigne (p(s)) dans la chambre de pression (13) comprennent un réservoir sous pression (40) agencé dans l'enveloppe extérieure (14) avec un fluide (14.1),
    - dont la pression (p(f)) s'écarte plus fortement de la pression ambiante (p(0)) que la pression de consigne (p(s)),
    - qui est fermé lorsque l'on ferme l'enveloppe extérieure (14), et
    - qui présente un dispositif de commande pour établir une connexion entre le réservoir sous pression (40) et la chambre de pression (13) de sorte que le fluide (14.1) s'étend sous forme de gaz dans la chambre de pression (13) et fait monter la pression dans la chambre de pression (13) jusqu'à la pression de consigne (p(s)).
  17. Système de protection (10) selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les moyens (18) pour produire la pression de consigne (p(s)) dans la chambre de pression (13) comprennent une substance explosive (50),
    - qui est agencée dans l'enveloppe extérieure (14),
    - qui s'amorce au moyen d'un dispositif de commande (42), la pression (p(13)) dans la chambre de pression (13), du fait de l'amorçage, augmentant jusqu'à la pression de consigne (p(s)).
  18. Système de protection selon l'une des revendications 7 à 16, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de commande (24) sont là pour commander la pression de consigne (p(s)), par exemple de manière aléatoire.
  19. Système de protection (10) selon l'une des revendications 7 à 16, caractérisé en ce que :
    - l'enveloppe extérieure (14) présente une paroi extérieure (14.1) et une paroi intérieure (14.2), et
    - la chambre de pression (13) est délimitée par la paroi extérieure (14.1) et la paroi intérieure (14.2).
EP07103260.1A 2006-03-17 2007-02-28 Dispositif de protection et système de protection pour objets de valeur Active EP1835115B1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4202006 2006-03-17

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EP1835115A2 EP1835115A2 (fr) 2007-09-19
EP1835115A3 EP1835115A3 (fr) 2009-04-08
EP1835115B1 true EP1835115B1 (fr) 2013-05-29

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GB2476061B (en) * 2009-12-09 2011-11-09 Spinnaker Int Ltd A security apparatus
DE102010016970A1 (de) * 2010-05-17 2011-11-17 Wincor Nixdorf International Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Ungültigmachen von Wertscheinen
WO2012028178A1 (fr) 2010-08-31 2012-03-08 Peter Villiger Nouveau système de sécurité portable multifonctionnel sous la forme d'une cassette coffre-fort et procédé associé
GB201404502D0 (en) * 2014-03-13 2014-04-30 Patronus Cash Systems Ltd Cash spoiling system

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DE102004007581B4 (de) * 2004-02-17 2006-08-24 Wincor Nixdorf International Gmbh Wertkassette zur Aufnahme von Wertscheinen mit Sicherungsvorrichtung
EP1848874B1 (fr) 2005-02-14 2011-08-10 Peter Villiger Necessaire de montage pour transformer une valise en systeme de securite portatif multifonctionnel et valise equipee d'un tel necessaire de montage
CN101180302B (zh) 2005-05-25 2013-06-19 詹森药业有限公司 制备(αS,βR)-6-溴-α-[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]-2-甲氧基-α-1-萘基-β-苯基-3-喹啉乙醇的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8047142B2 (en) 2011-11-01
US20070251431A1 (en) 2007-11-01
EP1835115A2 (fr) 2007-09-19
EP1835115A3 (fr) 2009-04-08

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