EP1813903A1 - Collector with tap for high pressure fluid, heat exchanger with the collector and fabrication process - Google Patents

Collector with tap for high pressure fluid, heat exchanger with the collector and fabrication process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1813903A1
EP1813903A1 EP07001090A EP07001090A EP1813903A1 EP 1813903 A1 EP1813903 A1 EP 1813903A1 EP 07001090 A EP07001090 A EP 07001090A EP 07001090 A EP07001090 A EP 07001090A EP 1813903 A1 EP1813903 A1 EP 1813903A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
channels
cover
metal bar
distribution
box according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07001090A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1813903B1 (en
Inventor
Frédéric MESLIN
Yannig Travers
Claude Besombes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Application filed by Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS filed Critical Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
Publication of EP1813903A1 publication Critical patent/EP1813903A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1813903B1 publication Critical patent/EP1813903B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05391—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits combined with a particular flow pattern, e.g. multi-row multi-stage radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • F28F9/0204—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions
    • F28F9/0214—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions having only longitudinal partitions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F28F9/0224—Header boxes formed by sealing end plates into covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0278—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of stacked distribution plates or perforated plates arranged over end plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0085—Evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2225/00—Reinforcing means
    • F28F2225/08—Reinforcing means for header boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/04—Communication passages between channels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of heat exchangers and in particular to exchangers intended to be traversed by a fluid under high pressure.
  • the invention relates more particularly to air conditioning evaporators that can be traversed by a gaseous refrigerant, as is the case with natural gases such as carbon dioxide or CO 2 .
  • a gaseous refrigerant such as carbon dioxide or CO 2 .
  • Such exchangers find particular application in motor vehicles.
  • this fluid in an air conditioning circuit traversed by a refrigerant of this type, this fluid remains substantially in the gaseous state and under a very high pressure which is between 100 and 150 bar.
  • the burst pressure recommended is generally three times the value of the nominal operating pressure.
  • the document FR 2 793 016 discloses a collector box formed of a multiplicity of flat plates stacked having fluid passage slots. The distribution is ensured by these flat plates and the header comprises a cover also composed of a multiplicity of stacked plates. All these plates are assembled together by brazing.
  • the document JP 2002-1588722 discloses a header comprising an extruded tank closed by flat end plates.
  • the abutment of the tubes is provided either by an intermediate flat plate disposed between the tubes and the tank, or by a specific profile of the tank section.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the invention proposes for this purpose a heat exchanger collector box, comprising a collector plate provided with openings for the insertion of heat exchange tubes, and a lid defining distribution channels communicating with the tubes.
  • the lid is a metal bar having an inner face and a face opposite outer, while the distribution channels are grooves made in the material thickness of the metal bar, opening on the inner face, while allowing material to remain in order to close the volume of the lid at its level. longitudinal ends. '
  • the cover is made by machining a thick metal bar, which simplifies its manufacture and allows for an element that can withstand high pressures.
  • the communication passages are delimited by a distribution plate interposed between the collector plate and the inner face of the cover.
  • the communication passages are grooves of the metal bar opening on the one hand on the distribution channels and on the other hand on the inner face of the cover.
  • the distribution channels and the communication passages are machined.
  • the lid is obtained from an extruded metal bar.
  • the outer face of the extruded metal bar is shaped so as to have a profile comprising a plurality of domes, or arches, in correspondence of the channels.
  • the distribution channels may have a constant inner section along their entire length, or a variable inner section over their entire length.
  • the lid may comprise a single series of channels which each extend over the length of the metal bar. This is particularly the case of a return cover, located opposite a cover having arrangements for the entry and exit of the fluid.
  • the lid may also include at least two sets of channels each extending over a portion of the length of the metal bar. This is particularly the case of a lid comprising, as mentioned above, arrangements for the entry and exit of the fluid.
  • the channels advantageously have a bottom with a U-shaped transverse profile, which makes it possible to improve the resistance to the pressure of the fluid.
  • the channels advantageously, in the vicinity of an end face of the metal bar, a curved longitudinal profile delimited by a radius.
  • the invention in another aspect, relates to a heat exchanger comprising a bundle of tubes and at least one header as previously defined.
  • This heat exchanger is advantageously made in the form of an evaporator.
  • a particular embodiment proposes that the heat exchanger comprises at least two passes and that the inner sections of the distribution channels make it possible to control and balance the flow rate of the fluid in the passes.
  • the operation b) comprises the preparation of a distribution plate delimiting the communication passages, while the operation d) comprises the interposition of the distribution plate between the collector plate and the face inside the lid.
  • the operation b) comprises the realization of the communication passages in the form of grooves made by machining in the transverse direction of the metal bar, opening on the one hand on the distribution channels and on the other hand. on the other hand on the inside of the lid, while the operation b) comprises the direct assembly of the collector plate against the inner face of the lid.
  • the operation c) comprises the preparation of an extruded metal bar and the machining of the channels by means of a multistage rotary tool capable of simultaneously machining the channels over at least a portion of the length of the metal bar.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in exploded view, a heat exchanger 10 having a beam 12 mounted between an upper manifold 14 and a lower manifold 16, the heat exchanger being considered upright .
  • the beam 12 is composed, in the example, of two rows of tubes 18 (only one of which is visible in FIG. 1) and corrugated inserts 20 common to both rows of tubes.
  • the header box 14 is provided with two inlet / outlet pipes 22 and 24 serving respectively to the admission and evacuation of a fluid flowing through the tubes of the bundle.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is in the form of an evaporator capable of being traversed by a refrigerant fluid operating in the supercritical state, in particular CO 2 , the pressure of which can reach values of order of 100 to 150 bar.
  • This fluid exchanges heat with a flow of air that scans the tube bundle to produce a flow of air conditioning, especially in a motor vehicle.
  • the header box 14 comprises a header plate 26 provided with openings 28 for receiving the tubes of the bundle.
  • the openings 28 are of elongate shape and arranged in two rows corresponding to the two rows of tubes.
  • the collecting plate 26 is generally rectangular in shape and comprises, along its two long sides, crimping members 30. It comprises an extension 32 in which holes 34 and 36 are provided for the respective mounting of the tubes 22 and 24. .
  • a distribution plate 38 having two rows of slotted communication passages 40, each communicating with a tube 18 and a row of slotted communication passages 42, of greater width which each communicate with two adjacent tubes belonging to the two rows of the beam.
  • the passages 40 and 42 contribute to the distribution of the fluid and to its circulation in the tubes of the bundle according to a defined route, which will be described later with reference to Figure 13.
  • a cover 44 intended to be held against the collector plate, trapping the distribution plate 38, under the action of the crimping members 30.
  • the lower manifold 16 is made in a similar manner except that it has no extension. It consists of a manifold plate 46, a distribution plate 48 and a cover 50. Note that the distribution plate 48 has two rows of passages 52, slot-shaped, each communicating with a tube of beam at its lower part.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the manifold 14.
  • Figure 2 shows the header plate 26, the distribution plate 38 and the cover 44.
  • the header plate 26 is a stamped plate having a flat inner face 54 for receiving the distribution plate 38 and an outer face 56 from which extend collars 58 respectively surrounding the openings 28 for receiving the tubes.
  • the outer face 56 is directed downwards and the collars 58 are also directed downwards. These collars are thus arranged in two rows corresponding to the two rows of openings 28.
  • the collars and the openings have a rectangular general section to allow the reception of flat tubes 18 having a homologous external section.
  • the crimping members 30 are, as already indicated, formed along the two long sides of the collecting plate 26. They are in the form of a folded, slot-shaped edge with a number of tabs or teeth 60 (see also Figure 1).
  • the distribution plate 38 has a flat inner face 62 adapted to come into contact with the flat inner face 54 of the header plate and an opposite outer plane face 64, able to receive the cover 44.
  • passages 40 and 42 In the thickness of the distribution plate, are arranged passages 40 and 42, in the form of slits, supra. In Figure 2 there are two passages 40 which communicate respectively with two adjacent tubes respectively belonging to the two rows of tubes of the beam.
  • the distribution plate 38 forms an insertion stop for the tubes as seen in FIG. 2.
  • the respective ends of the tubes can not exceed the plane defined by the inner face 54 of the collector plate.
  • the cover 44 is made from a thick metal bar having two parallel edges 66 (FIG. 2) for supporting the crimping members 30. Thus, when the tabs 60 are folded, they hold the cover in the direction of the collector plate by trapping the distribution plate.
  • the lid 44 comprises, as seen in the section of FIG. 2, a series of bosses 68, six in number in the direction cross. These bosses 68 respectively define channels 70 communicating with the tubes of the beam via the communication passages 40 and 42 (slot-shaped) of the distribution plate.
  • bosses are suitably arranged to allow the refrigerant fluid to penetrate inside the manifold 14 via the manifold 22, then circulate in the tubes of the bundle between the manifold 14 and the manifold 16 and leave the exchanger by the outlet pipe 24.
  • the manner in which the circulation of the fluid occurs in the beam will be described in detail below.
  • the cover 44 has a generally rectangular shape, the bosses 68 each extending in the longitudinal direction.
  • the metal bar forming the cover 44 is a thick bar having an inner face 72, made flat, adapted to be applied against the flat outer face 64 of the distribution plate 38 ( Figure 2). It is more specifically an extruded bar whose profile, before machining, is shown in FIG. 3. It can be seen that this bar comprises, opposite the inner face 72, a shaped outer face 74, the profile defines the six bosses 68, domed or arched, and the two bearing edges 66. The profile of the bar is further limited by two side faces 76.
  • the channels 70 are obtained by machining from the inner face 72 to obtain the profile shown in FIG. 4. It can be seen that the channels 70 are formed by U-shaped grooves with a rounded bottom in correspondence with the aforementioned domes or arches. As a result, the profile obtained after machining ( Figure 4) defines a succession of arches having a sufficient thickness to allow good resistance to pressure. Given the fact that the machining is performed in a metal bar, the thickness of the latter can be controlled so as to obtain each time a wall of sufficient thickness to withstand the operating pressures of the manifold and therefore of the heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 5 shows how the machining of the channels can be achieved by means of a single rotating tool 78 made in the form of a multi-stage cutter rotatable about an axis XX and comprising a series of crowns 80 with a profile rounded, here six in number, to simultaneously realize the six channels 70 in the cover 44.
  • the machining is performed by moving the tool in the longitudinal direction of the bar, the axis of rotation of the tool being oriented transversely.
  • FIG. 6 shows a channel 70 having an end 82 terminating at a distance A of an end face 84 of the cover 44.
  • This end 82 has, in the vicinity of the end face 84, a profile. longitudinal curved delimited by a radius R. This latter advantageously corresponds to the radius of the crowns 80 of the machining tool 78.
  • R radius
  • the end of each of the channels 70 is made non-emergent which avoids the recourse to end plates to close the channels.
  • the other end of the channels 70 is made analogously. In other words, the throats that the channels are formed in the thickness of material of the metal bar, opening on the inner face 72, while allowing the material to remain so as to close the volume of the lid at its longitudinal ends (end faces 84).
  • FIG. 7 shows, in longitudinal section, a cover 44 according to the invention in one embodiment. It can be seen that this cover has two series of channels 70A and 70B, the channels 70A having a longer length than the channels 70B and extending on the extension side 32 (FIG. 1). In the example, the channels 70A and 70B have a constant inner section along their entire length.
  • Figure 8 shows, in longitudinal section, the cover 50 of the opposite header, which extends over a shorter length than the cover 44 and which has a single series of channels 70C to form return.
  • the channels 70C extend over the entire length and here again have a constant inner section.
  • the cover 44 of FIG. 7 and the cover 50 of FIG. 8 make it possible to define an evaporator with four circulation passes.
  • Figure 9 illustrates a variant of the cover 44 of Figure 7 in which the channels 70B have a constant inner section, while the channels 70A have a variable inner section, the bottom of the channels having a slope having an angle A1.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a variant of the cover 50 of FIG. 8 and it can be seen that the channels 70C also have a variable inner section whose bottom has a double slope defined by two opposite angles A2.
  • FIG 11 shows another type of profile with variable inner section for a channel 70C.
  • Each of the channels 70C has a main portion 85 made by a first machining and a deeper central portion 86 made by a second machining.
  • This profile requires a first machining by a tool similar to that described above and a second machining to form, over a portion of the length of the channel, the central portion 86 deeper.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates another variant in which the channels 70 have a variable inner section made by a single machining, and therefore by a single tool.
  • the bottom of each channel has an inclined portion 87 defined by a slope of angle A3 and a portion 89 of constant depth. It is understood that the machining tool must be moved in a controlled manner relative to the metal bar to control the machining depth.
  • channels of variable internal section so of varying depth, allows each time to control the flow of fluid in the tubes that open into the channels in question.
  • FIG. 13 shows, schematically, the distribution of a fluid for a four-pass exchanger, here an evaporator, in which the covers 44 and 50 are shown schematically.
  • the fluid enters the collecting box associated with the cover 44 as shown by the F1 arrow. It opens into 70.1 channels of decreasing depth.
  • the fluid then travels a portion of the tubes 18 of a first row corresponding to a first pass P1 to open into a series of channels 70.2 of variable profile cover 50. These channels 70.2 extend over the entire length of the cover 50 and have a profile similar to that of Figure 10.
  • the fluid then leaves the channels 70.2 by another part of the tubes of the first row to form a second pass P2 and thus gain channels 70.3 of the cover 44 which, in the example, have a constant inner section.
  • the fluid flows from these channels 70.3 to other channels 70.4 as shown by the arrow F2.
  • These channels 70.4 also have a constant inner section.
  • the fluid then leaves the upper header by traversing a portion of the tubes of the second row to constitute a third pass P3 and win channels 70.5 also extending over the entire length of the cover 50. These channels 70.5 have a profile similar to the channels 70.2.
  • the fluid then leaves the lower manifold to form a fourth pass P4 through a portion of the tubes of the second row. The fluid thus gains 70.6 channels having a variable inner section similar to that of the channels 70.1.
  • the fluid then leaves the heat exchanger as shown by the arrow F3.
  • the components of the manifold are each made from a metal plate, preferably aluminum alloy, with a thickness sufficient to withstand the significant pressures of the refrigerant fluid. .
  • the fact of making several bosses 68 on the cover makes it possible to form small volume channels 70 limiting the effect of the pressure of the fluid on the components of the collector plate.
  • operation b) comprises the preparation of a distribution plate 38 or 48 which delimits the communication passages 40 and 42
  • operation d) comprises the interposition of the distribution plate between the header plate 26 or 46 and the inner face 72 of the cover.
  • the cover 14 is crimped on the header plate 26 by means of crimping members 30, enclosing the distribution plate.
  • FIG 14 which relates to another embodiment in which the cover 88 is similar to the cover 44 described above and comprises two series of channels 70A and 70B in the form of parallel longitudinal grooves made in the longitudinal direction of the metal bar.
  • the cover further includes communication passages 90 and 92 which are functionally analogous to the previously described communication passages 40 and 42.
  • these communication passages 90 and 92 are here parallel transverse grooves made by machining in the transverse direction of the metal bar, opening on the one hand on the distribution channels 70A and 70B and on the other hand on the inner face 94 of the lid ( Figures 15 and 16).
  • the communication passages 90 and 92 are spaced apart by a pitch P corresponding to that of the tubes.
  • the assembly operation d) thus comprises the direct assembly of the manifold plate 28 or 46 against the inner face 94 of the cover 88.
  • the cover is crimped directly on the collector plate.
  • the cover 88 thus groups the functions of passage and distribution of the fluid. This makes it possible to reduce the number of parts of the heat exchanger, to facilitate the assembly process and to reduce the risk of leakage.
  • the inner face 94 of the cover 88 can be machined by forming recesses or steps 96 ( Figures 15 and 16) forming stops for the introduction of the tubes 18.
  • the entire heat exchanger can be then brazed, in a single operation, by passing through a suitable brazing furnace.
  • solder plating provides a connection between the various components.
  • the manifold 16 is made in a similar manner to the manifold 14, except that it does not have an extension for mounting fluid inlet and outlet manifolds.
  • the manifold of the invention is capable of many variants. It finds a main application to heat exchangers traversed by a high-pressure refrigerant, in particular to air-conditioning evaporators traversed by a fluid in the supercritical state such as CO 2 , such as those intended for motor vehicles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The box has a collector plate (26) comprising openings (28) for inserting heat exchange tubes (18). A cover (44) is formed by machining a metal bar and comprises an internal surface (72) and external surface. Distribution channels (70) e.g. groove, are formed in the metal bar by emerging on the internal surface while permitting material of the bar to close a volume of the cover at the level of longitudinal ends of the cover, where the channels communicate with the heat exchange tubes. An independent claim is also included for a method for fabricating a collector box.

Description

L'invention se rapporte au domaine des échangeurs de chaleur et notamment aux échangeurs destinés à être parcourus par un fluide sous haute pression.The invention relates to the field of heat exchangers and in particular to exchangers intended to be traversed by a fluid under high pressure.

A cet égard, l'invention se rapporte plus particulièrement aux évaporateurs de climatisation susceptibles d'être parcourus par un fluide réfrigérant gazeux, comme c'est le cas de gaz naturels tels que le dioxyde de carbone ou CO2. De tels échangeurs trouvent une application particulière dans les véhicules automobiles.In this respect, the invention relates more particularly to air conditioning evaporators that can be traversed by a gaseous refrigerant, as is the case with natural gases such as carbon dioxide or CO 2 . Such exchangers find particular application in motor vehicles.

On rappellera que, dans un circuit de climatisation parcouru par un fluide réfrigérant de ce type, ce fluide reste essentiellement à l'état gazeux et sous une pression très élevée qui est comprise entre 100 et 150 bars. Il en résulte que de tels échangeurs de chaleur, et notamment leurs boîtes collectrices, doivent pouvoir résister à de telles pressions élevées, la pression d'éclatement préconisée étant généralement trois fois la valeur de la pression nominale de fonctionnement.It will be recalled that, in an air conditioning circuit traversed by a refrigerant of this type, this fluid remains substantially in the gaseous state and under a very high pressure which is between 100 and 150 bar. As a result, such heat exchangers, including their manifolds, must be able to withstand such high pressures, the burst pressure recommended is generally three times the value of the nominal operating pressure.

On connaît déjà des boîtes collectrices, obtenues par brasage, qui sont conçues pour résister à de telles pressions élevées.Collecting boxes, obtained by soldering, which are designed to withstand such high pressures, are already known.

Ainsi, le document FR 2 793 016 divulgue une boîte collectrice formée d'une multiplicité de plaques planes empilées comportant des fentes de passage de fluide. La distribution est assurée par ces plaques planes et la boîte collectrice comporte un couvercle composé également d'une multiplicité de plaques empilées. Toutes ces plaques sont assemblées entre elles par brasage.Thus, the document FR 2 793 016 discloses a collector box formed of a multiplicity of flat plates stacked having fluid passage slots. The distribution is ensured by these flat plates and the header comprises a cover also composed of a multiplicity of stacked plates. All these plates are assembled together by brazing.

Le document JP 2002-1588722 divulgue une boîte collectrice comportant un réservoir extrudé fermé par des plaques planes d'extrémité. La butée des tubes est assurée soit par une plaque plane intermédiaire, disposée entre les tubes et le réservoir, soit par un profil spécifique de la section du réservoir.The document JP 2002-1588722 discloses a header comprising an extruded tank closed by flat end plates. The abutment of the tubes is provided either by an intermediate flat plate disposed between the tubes and the tank, or by a specific profile of the tank section.

D'autres boîtes collectrices de ce genre sont également divulguées par les documents JP 2002-43332 , WO/03 102 486 et EP 0 563 471 .Other boxes of this type are also disclosed by the documents JP 2002-43332 , WO / 03 102 486 and EP 0 563 471 .

Toutes ces boîtes collectrices connues, soit sont difficiles à braser, soit nécessitent un nombre important d'opérations de fabrication rendant leur procédé de fabrication complexe et coûteux à réaliser.All these collector boxes known either are difficult to braze, or require a large number of manufacturing operations making their manufacturing process complex and expensive to achieve.

L'invention a notamment pour but de surmonter les inconvénients précités.The object of the invention is in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.

L'invention propose à cet effet une boîte collectrice d'échangeur de chaleur, comprenant une plaque collectrice munie d'ouvertures pour l'insertion de tubes d'échange de chaleur, et un couvercle délimitant des canaux de distribution communiquant avec les tubes.The invention proposes for this purpose a heat exchanger collector box, comprising a collector plate provided with openings for the insertion of heat exchange tubes, and a lid defining distribution channels communicating with the tubes.

Conformément à l'invention, le couvercle est une barre métallique présentant une face intérieure et une face extérieure opposée, tandis que les canaux de distribution sont des gorges réalisées dans l'épaisseur de matière de la barre métallique, en débouchant sur la face intérieure, tout en laissant subsister de la matière de façon à fermer le volume du couvercle au niveau de ses extrémités longitudinales. 'According to the invention, the lid is a metal bar having an inner face and a face opposite outer, while the distribution channels are grooves made in the material thickness of the metal bar, opening on the inner face, while allowing material to remain in order to close the volume of the lid at its level. longitudinal ends. '

Ainsi, le couvercle est réalisé par usinage d'une barre métallique épaisse, ce qui simplifie sa fabrication et permet de réaliser un élément pouvant résister à des pressions élevées.Thus, the cover is made by machining a thick metal bar, which simplifies its manufacture and allows for an element that can withstand high pressures.

Des passages de communication sont avantageusement prévus entre le couvercle et la plaque collectrice.Communication passages are advantageously provided between the cover and the collector plate.

Dans une première forme de réalisation de l'invention, les passages de communication sont délimités par une plaque de distribution interposée entre la plaque collectrice et la face intérieure du couvercle.In a first embodiment of the invention, the communication passages are delimited by a distribution plate interposed between the collector plate and the inner face of the cover.

Dans une deuxième forme de réalisation de l'invention, les passages de communication sont des gorges de la barre métallique débouchant d'une part sur les canaux de distribution et d'autre part sur la face intérieure du couvercle. Cette forme de réalisation permet ainsi de faire l'économie de la plaque de distribution de la forme de réalisation précédente, ce qui supprime un composant.In a second embodiment of the invention, the communication passages are grooves of the metal bar opening on the one hand on the distribution channels and on the other hand on the inner face of the cover. This embodiment thus makes it possible to economize the distribution plate of the preceding embodiment, which eliminates a component.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, les canaux de distribution et les passages de communication sont usinés.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the distribution channels and the communication passages are machined.

Du fait que les gorges formant les canaux sont non débouchantes, cela évite le recours à des plaques d'extrémité et permet ainsi de diminuer le nombre de pièces.Because the grooves forming the channels are non-emerging, it avoids the use of end plates and thus reduces the number of parts.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le couvercle est obtenu à partir d'une barre métallique extrudée.According to another characteristic of the invention, the lid is obtained from an extruded metal bar.

Dans une réalisation avantageuse, la face extérieure de la barre métallique extrudée est conformée de manière à présenter un profil comportant une pluralité de dômes, ou arches, en correspondance des canaux. Les canaux de distribution peuvent avoir une section intérieure constante sur toute leur longueur, ou encore une section intérieure variable sur toute leur longueur.In an advantageous embodiment, the outer face of the extruded metal bar is shaped so as to have a profile comprising a plurality of domes, or arches, in correspondence of the channels. The distribution channels may have a constant inner section along their entire length, or a variable inner section over their entire length.

Le couvercle peut comporter une seule série de canaux qui s'étendent chacun sur la longueur de la barre métallique. Ceci est le cas notamment d'un couvercle formant retour, situé à l'opposé d'un couvercle comportant des aménagements pour l'entrée et la sortie du fluide.The lid may comprise a single series of channels which each extend over the length of the metal bar. This is particularly the case of a return cover, located opposite a cover having arrangements for the entry and exit of the fluid.

Le couvercle peut également comporter au moins deux séries de canaux qui s'étendent chacun sur une partie de la longueur de la barre métallique. Ceci est le cas notamment d'un couvercle comportant, comme mentionné précédemment, des aménagements pour l'entrée et la sortie du fluide.The lid may also include at least two sets of channels each extending over a portion of the length of the metal bar. This is particularly the case of a lid comprising, as mentioned above, arrangements for the entry and exit of the fluid.

Dans l'invention, les canaux ont avantageusement un fond avec un profil transversal en U, ce qui permet d'améliorer la résistance à la pression du fluide.In the invention, the channels advantageously have a bottom with a U-shaped transverse profile, which makes it possible to improve the resistance to the pressure of the fluid.

Les canaux ont avantageusement, au voisinage d'une face d'extrémité de la barre métallique, un profil longitudinal incurvé délimité par un rayon.The channels advantageously, in the vicinity of an end face of the metal bar, a curved longitudinal profile delimited by a radius.

Sous un autre aspect, l'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur comportant un faisceau de tubes et au moins une boîte collectrice tels que définis précédemment. Cet échangeur de chaleur est avantageusement réalisé sous la forme d'un évaporateur.In another aspect, the invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising a bundle of tubes and at least one header as previously defined. This heat exchanger is advantageously made in the form of an evaporator.

Un mode de réalisation particulier propose que l'échangeur de chaleur comporte au moins deux passes et que les sections intérieures des canaux de distribution permettent de contrôler et d'équilibrer le débit du fluide dans les passes.A particular embodiment proposes that the heat exchanger comprises at least two passes and that the inner sections of the distribution channels make it possible to control and balance the flow rate of the fluid in the passes.

Sous un autre aspect encore l'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une boîte collectrice pour échangeur de chaleur, telle que définie précédemment, qui comprend les opérations suivantes :

  1. a) réaliser une plaque collectrice comportant des ouvertures de réception de tubes ;
  2. b) réaliser des moyens de distribution comportant des passages de communication ;
  3. c) réaliser un couvercle à partir d'une barre métallique présentant une face intérieure et une face extérieure opposée, en usinant des canaux de distribution sous la forme de gorges obtenues par usinage de la barre métallique dans la direction longitudinale de celle-ci en débouchant sur ladite face intérieure ; et
  4. d) assembler le couvercle sur la plaque collectrice avec interposition des moyens de distribution en sorte que les passages de communication débouchent d'une part sur les canaux de distribution et d'autre part sur les ouvertures de la plaque collectrice.
In yet another aspect, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger collector box, as defined above, which comprises the following operations:
  1. a) forming a header plate having tube receiving apertures;
  2. b) providing distribution means comprising communication passages;
  3. c) producing a cover from a metal bar having an inner face and an opposite outer face, by machining distribution channels in the form of grooves obtained by machining the metal bar in the longitudinal direction thereof by opening on said inner face; and
  4. d) assembling the cover on the collector plate with the interposition of the dispensing means so that the communication passages open on the one hand on the distribution channels and on the other hand on the openings of the collector plate.

Dans une première forme de réalisation, l'opération b) comprend la préparation d'une plaque de distribution délimitant les passages de communication, tandis que l'opération d) comprend l'interposition de la plaque de distribution entre la plaque collectrice et la face intérieure du couvercle.In a first embodiment, the operation b) comprises the preparation of a distribution plate delimiting the communication passages, while the operation d) comprises the interposition of the distribution plate between the collector plate and the face inside the lid.

Dans une deuxième forme de réalisation, l'opération b) comprend la réalisation des passages de communication sous la forme de gorges réalisées par usinage dans la direction transversale de la barre métallique, en débouchant d'une part sur les canaux de distribution et d'autre part sur la face intérieure du couvercle, tandis que l'opération b) comprend l'assemblage direct de la plaque collectrice contre la face intérieure du couvercle.In a second embodiment, the operation b) comprises the realization of the communication passages in the form of grooves made by machining in the transverse direction of the metal bar, opening on the one hand on the distribution channels and on the other hand. on the other hand on the inside of the lid, while the operation b) comprises the direct assembly of the collector plate against the inner face of the lid.

Avantageusement, l'opération c) comprend la préparation d'une barre métallique extrudée et l'usinage des canaux au moyen d'un outil rotatif multi-étagé propre à usiner simultanément les canaux sur une partie au moins de la longueur de la barre métallique.Advantageously, the operation c) comprises the preparation of an extruded metal bar and the machining of the channels by means of a multistage rotary tool capable of simultaneously machining the channels over at least a portion of the length of the metal bar. .

Dans la description qui suit, faite seulement à titre d'exemple, on se réfère aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective éclatée d'un échangeur de chaleur, dans l'exemple un évaporateur pour circuit de climatisation, comportant un faisceau de tubes monté entre deux boîtes collectrices selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale partielle d'une des boîtes collectrices de l'échangeur de chaleur de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue d'extrémité du couvercle de la boîte collectrice de la figure 2, avant usinage ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue analogue à la figure 3, après usinage des canaux du couvercle ;
  • la figure 5 représente schématiquement l'usinage d'un couvercle au moyen d'un outil rotatif multi-étagé;
  • la figure 6 est une vue partielle en coupe longitudinale du couvercle montrant l'extrémité d'un canal, réalisée de manière non débouchante ;
  • la figure 7 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un couvercle comportant deux séries de canaux ;
  • la figure 8 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un couvercle comportant une seule série de canaux ;
  • la figure 9 est une variante de la figure 7 dans laquelle la section des canaux a une forme évolutive ;
  • la figure 10 est une variante de la figure 8 dans laquelle la section des canaux a une forme évolutive ;
  • la figure 11 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un couvercle dont un canal présente une autre forme évolutive;
  • la figure 12 est une vue analogue à la figure 11 dans une autre variante de réalisation ;
  • la figure 13 illustre schématiquement une distribution d'écoulement pour un évaporateur à quatre passes comportant deux boîtes collectrices selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 14 illustre la face intérieure d'un couvercle qui comprend à la fois des gorges longitudinales et des gorges transversales parallèles réalisées par usinage ;
  • la figure 15 est une vue en coupe transversale partielle d'une boîte collectrice comprenant un couvercle selon la figure 14 ; et
  • la figure 16 est une autre vue en coupe transversale partielle de la boîte collectrice de la figure 15.
In the description which follows, made only by way of example, reference is made to the appended drawings, in which:
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a heat exchanger, in the example an evaporator for an air conditioning circuit, comprising a bundle of tubes mounted between two manifolds according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of one of the manifolds of the heat exchanger of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is an end view of the cover of the manifold of Figure 2, before machining;
  • Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3 after machining the channels of the lid;
  • Figure 5 shows schematically the machining of a cover by means of a multi-stage rotary tool;
  • Figure 6 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of the cover showing the end of a channel, made in a non-emergent manner;
  • Figure 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a cover having two series of channels;
  • Figure 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of a cover having a single series of channels;
  • Figure 9 is a variant of Figure 7 in which the section of the channels has a scalable form;
  • Figure 10 is a variant of Figure 8 in which the channel section has a scalable form;
  • Figure 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of a lid, a channel has another evolutionary form;
  • Figure 12 is a view similar to Figure 11 in another alternative embodiment;
  • Figure 13 schematically illustrates a flow distribution for a four-pass evaporator having two manifolds according to the invention;
  • Figure 14 illustrates the inner face of a cover which includes both longitudinal grooves and parallel transverse grooves made by machining;
  • Fig. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view of a manifold comprising a lid according to Fig. 14; and
  • Figure 16 is another partial cross-sectional view of the manifold of Figure 15.

On se réfère d'abord à la figure 1 qui montre, en vue éclatée, un échangeur de chaleur 10 comportant un faisceau 12 monté entre une boîte collectrice supérieure 14 et une boîte collectrice inférieure 16, l'échangeur de chaleur étant considéré en position verticale.Referring first to Figure 1 which shows, in exploded view, a heat exchanger 10 having a beam 12 mounted between an upper manifold 14 and a lower manifold 16, the heat exchanger being considered upright .

Le faisceau 12 est composé, dans l'exemple, de deux rangées de tubes 18 (dont une seule est visible sur la figure 1) et d'intercalaires ondulés 20 communs aux deux rangées de tubes. La boite collectrice 14 est munie de deux tubulures d'entrée/sortie 22 et 24 servant respectivement à l'admission et l'évacuation d'un fluide parcourant les tubes du faisceau.The beam 12 is composed, in the example, of two rows of tubes 18 (only one of which is visible in FIG. 1) and corrugated inserts 20 common to both rows of tubes. The header box 14 is provided with two inlet / outlet pipes 22 and 24 serving respectively to the admission and evacuation of a fluid flowing through the tubes of the bundle.

Dans l'exemple, l'échangeur de chaleur 10 est réalisé sous la forme d'un évaporateur propre à être parcouru par un fluide réfrigérant fonctionnant à l'état supercritique, en particulier du CO2, dont la pression peut atteindre des valeurs de l'ordre de 100 à 150 bars. Ce fluide échange de la chaleur avec un flux d'air qui balaye le faisceau de tubes pour produire un flux d'air climatisé, en particulier dans un véhicule automobile.In the example, the heat exchanger 10 is in the form of an evaporator capable of being traversed by a refrigerant fluid operating in the supercritical state, in particular CO 2 , the pressure of which can reach values of order of 100 to 150 bar. This fluid exchanges heat with a flow of air that scans the tube bundle to produce a flow of air conditioning, especially in a motor vehicle.

On voit que la boîte collectrice 14 comporte une plaque collectrice 26 munie d'ouvertures 28 de réception des tubes du faisceau. Les ouvertures 28 sont de forme allongée et disposées suivant deux rangées en correspondance des deux rangées de tubes.It can be seen that the header box 14 comprises a header plate 26 provided with openings 28 for receiving the tubes of the bundle. The openings 28 are of elongate shape and arranged in two rows corresponding to the two rows of tubes.

La plaque collectrice 26 est de forme générale rectangulaire et elle comporte, le long de ses deux grands côtés, des organes de sertissage 30. Elle comporte un prolongement 32 dans lequel sont aménagés des orifices 34 et 36 pour le montage respectif des tubulures 22 et 24.The collecting plate 26 is generally rectangular in shape and comprises, along its two long sides, crimping members 30. It comprises an extension 32 in which holes 34 and 36 are provided for the respective mounting of the tubes 22 and 24. .

Au-dessus de la plaque collectrice 26, est placée une plaque de distribution 38 comportant deux rangées de passages de communication 40, en forme de fentes, communiquant chacun avec un tube 18 et une rangée de passages de communication 42, en forme de fentes, de plus grande largeur qui communiquent chacune avec deux tubes adjacents appartenant aux deux rangées du faisceau. Les passages 40 et 42 contribuent à la distribution du fluide et à sa circulation dans les tubes du faisceau selon un parcours défini, qui sera décrit plus loin en référence à la figure 13.Above the manifold plate 26 is placed a distribution plate 38 having two rows of slotted communication passages 40, each communicating with a tube 18 and a row of slotted communication passages 42, of greater width which each communicate with two adjacent tubes belonging to the two rows of the beam. The passages 40 and 42 contribute to the distribution of the fluid and to its circulation in the tubes of the bundle according to a defined route, which will be described later with reference to Figure 13.

Au-dessus de la plaque de distribution 38 est placé un couvercle 44 destiné à être maintenu contre la plaque collectrice, en emprisonnant la plaque de distribution 38, sous l'action des organes de sertissage 30.Above the distribution plate 38 is placed a cover 44 intended to be held against the collector plate, trapping the distribution plate 38, under the action of the crimping members 30.

La boîte collectrice inférieure 16 est réalisée d'une manière similaire, sauf qu'elle ne comporte pas de prolongement. Elle se compose d'une plaque collectrice 46, d'une plaque de distribution 48 et d'un couvercle 50. On remarque que la plaque de distribution 48 comporte deux rangées de passages 52, en forme de fentes, communiquant chacun avec un tube du faisceau à sa partie inférieure.The lower manifold 16 is made in a similar manner except that it has no extension. It consists of a manifold plate 46, a distribution plate 48 and a cover 50. Note that the distribution plate 48 has two rows of passages 52, slot-shaped, each communicating with a tube of beam at its lower part.

On se réfère maintenant à la figure 2 qui représente une vue en coupe transversale de la boîte collectrice 14. On retrouve sur la figure 2 la plaque collectrice 26, la plaque de distribution 38 et le couvercle 44. La plaque collectrice 26 est une plaque emboutie présentant une face intérieure plane 54 pour la réception de la plaque de distribution 38 et une face extérieure 56 à partir de laquelle s'étendent des collets 58 entourant respectivement les ouvertures 28 de réception des tubes.Referring now to Figure 2 which shows a cross-sectional view of the manifold 14. Figure 2 shows the header plate 26, the distribution plate 38 and the cover 44. The header plate 26 is a stamped plate having a flat inner face 54 for receiving the distribution plate 38 and an outer face 56 from which extend collars 58 respectively surrounding the openings 28 for receiving the tubes.

Dans l'exemple montré, la face extérieure 56 est dirigée vers le bas et les collets 58 sont également dirigés vers le bas. Ces collets sont donc disposés suivant deux rangées en correspondance des deux rangées d'ouvertures 28. Dans l'exemple, les collets et les ouvertures ont une section générale rectangulaire pour permettre la réception de tubes plats 18 ayant une section externe homologue.In the example shown, the outer face 56 is directed downwards and the collars 58 are also directed downwards. These collars are thus arranged in two rows corresponding to the two rows of openings 28. In the example, the collars and the openings have a rectangular general section to allow the reception of flat tubes 18 having a homologous external section.

Les organes de sertissage 30 sont, comme déjà indiqué, formés le long des deux grands côtés de la plaque collectrice 26. Ils sont réalisés sous la forme d'un bord replié, en forme de créneau, comportant un certain nombre de pattes ou dents 60 (voir également la figure 1).The crimping members 30 are, as already indicated, formed along the two long sides of the collecting plate 26. They are in the form of a folded, slot-shaped edge with a number of tabs or teeth 60 (see also Figure 1).

La plaque de distribution 38 comporte une face intérieure plane 62 apte à venir en contact avec la face intérieure plane 54 de la plaque collectrice et une face extérieure plane 64 opposée, apte à recevoir le couvercle 44.The distribution plate 38 has a flat inner face 62 adapted to come into contact with the flat inner face 54 of the header plate and an opposite outer plane face 64, able to receive the cover 44.

Dans l'épaisseur de la plaque de distribution, sont aménagées les passages 40 et 42, en forme de fentes, précités. Sur la figure 2 on aperçoit deux passages 40 qui communiquent respectivement avec deux tubes adjacents appartenant respectivement aux deux rangées de tubes du faisceau.In the thickness of the distribution plate, are arranged passages 40 and 42, in the form of slits, supra. In Figure 2 there are two passages 40 which communicate respectively with two adjacent tubes respectively belonging to the two rows of tubes of the beam.

La plaque de distribution 38 forme en même temps butée d'introduction pour les tubes comme on le voit sur la figure 2. Il en résulte que les extrémités respectives des tubes ne peuvent dépasser le plan défini par la face intérieure 54 de la plaque collectrice.At the same time, the distribution plate 38 forms an insertion stop for the tubes as seen in FIG. 2. As a result, the respective ends of the tubes can not exceed the plane defined by the inner face 54 of the collector plate.

Le couvercle 44 est réalisé à partir d'une barre métallique épaisse comportant deux bords parallèles 66 (figure 2) pour l'appui des organes de sertissage 30. Ainsi lorsque les pattes 60 sont repliées, elles maintiennent en appui le couvercle en direction de la plaque collectrice en emprisonnant la plaque de distribution. Le couvercle 44 comporte, comme vu sur la coupe de la figure 2, une série de bossages 68, au nombre de six suivant la direction transversale. Ces bossages 68 délimitent respectivement des canaux 70 communiquant avec les tubes du faisceau via les passages de communication 40 et 42 (en forme de fentes) de la plaque de distribution.The cover 44 is made from a thick metal bar having two parallel edges 66 (FIG. 2) for supporting the crimping members 30. Thus, when the tabs 60 are folded, they hold the cover in the direction of the collector plate by trapping the distribution plate. The lid 44 comprises, as seen in the section of FIG. 2, a series of bosses 68, six in number in the direction cross. These bosses 68 respectively define channels 70 communicating with the tubes of the beam via the communication passages 40 and 42 (slot-shaped) of the distribution plate.

Ces bossages sont convenablement disposés pour permettre au fluide réfrigérant de pénétrer à l'intérieur de la boîte collectrice 14 via la tubulure 22, de circuler ensuite dans les tubes du faisceau entre la boîte collectrice 14 et la boîte collectrice 16 puis de quitter l'échangeur par la tubulure de sortie 24. La manière dont la circulation du fluide s'effectue dans le faisceau sera décrite en détail plus loin.These bosses are suitably arranged to allow the refrigerant fluid to penetrate inside the manifold 14 via the manifold 22, then circulate in the tubes of the bundle between the manifold 14 and the manifold 16 and leave the exchanger by the outlet pipe 24. The manner in which the circulation of the fluid occurs in the beam will be described in detail below.

Comme on le voit sur les figures 1 et 2, le couvercle 44 présente une forme générale rectangulaire, les bossages 68 s'étendant chacun dans la direction longitudinale.As seen in Figures 1 and 2, the cover 44 has a generally rectangular shape, the bosses 68 each extending in the longitudinal direction.

La barre métallique formant le couvercle 44 est une barre épaisse présentant une face intérieure 72, réalisée plane, propre à s'appliquer contre la face extérieure plane 64 de la plaque de distribution 38 (figure 2). Il s'agit plus précisément d'une barre extrudée dont le profil, avant usinage, est représenté sur la figure 3. On voit que cette barre comprend, à l'opposé de la face intérieure 72, une face extérieure conformée 74, dont le profil définit les six bossages 68, à profil en dôme ou en arche, ainsi que les deux bords d'appui 66. Le profil de la barre est en outre limité par deux faces latérales 76.The metal bar forming the cover 44 is a thick bar having an inner face 72, made flat, adapted to be applied against the flat outer face 64 of the distribution plate 38 (Figure 2). It is more specifically an extruded bar whose profile, before machining, is shown in FIG. 3. It can be seen that this bar comprises, opposite the inner face 72, a shaped outer face 74, the profile defines the six bosses 68, domed or arched, and the two bearing edges 66. The profile of the bar is further limited by two side faces 76.

Selon l'invention, les canaux 70 sont obtenus par usinage à partir de la face intérieure 72 pour obtenir le profil montré sur la figure 4. On voit que les canaux 70 sont formés par des gorges à profil en U donc à fond arrondi en correspondance des dômes ou arches précités. Il en résulte que le profil obtenu après usinage (figure 4) définit une succession d'arches ayant une épaisseur suffisante pour permettre une bonne résistance à la pression. Compte tenu du fait que l'usinage est réalisé dans une barre métallique, l'épaisseur de cette dernière peut être contrôlée de manière à obtenir à chaque fois une paroi d'épaisseur suffisante pour résister aux pressions de fonctionnement de la boîte collectrice et donc de l'échangeur de chaleur.According to the invention, the channels 70 are obtained by machining from the inner face 72 to obtain the profile shown in FIG. 4. It can be seen that the channels 70 are formed by U-shaped grooves with a rounded bottom in correspondence with the aforementioned domes or arches. As a result, the profile obtained after machining (Figure 4) defines a succession of arches having a sufficient thickness to allow good resistance to pressure. Given the fact that the machining is performed in a metal bar, the thickness of the latter can be controlled so as to obtain each time a wall of sufficient thickness to withstand the operating pressures of the manifold and therefore of the heat exchanger.

La figure 5 montre comment l'usinage des canaux peut être réalisé au moyen d'un seul outil rotatif 78 réalisé sous la forme d'une fraise multi-étagée pouvant tourner autour d'un axe XX et comportant une succession de couronnes 80 à profil arrondi, ici au nombre de six, pour réaliser simultanément les six canaux 70 dans le couvercle 44. L'usinage s'effectue en déplaçant l'outil dan la direction longitudinale de la barre, l'axe de rotation de l'outil étant orienté transversalement.FIG. 5 shows how the machining of the channels can be achieved by means of a single rotating tool 78 made in the form of a multi-stage cutter rotatable about an axis XX and comprising a series of crowns 80 with a profile rounded, here six in number, to simultaneously realize the six channels 70 in the cover 44. The machining is performed by moving the tool in the longitudinal direction of the bar, the axis of rotation of the tool being oriented transversely.

On se réfère maintenant à la figure 6 qui montre un canal 70 présentant une extrémité 82 se terminant à une distance A d'une face extrémité 84 du couvercle 44. Cette extrémité 82 présente, au voisinage de la face d'extrémité 84, un profil longitudinal incurvé délimité par un rayon R. Ce dernier correspond avantageusement au rayon des couronnes 80 de l'outil d'usinage 78. I1 en résulte que l'extrémité de chacun des canaux 70 est réalisée non débouchante ce qui permet d'éviter le recours à des plaques d'extrémité pour fermer les canaux. L'autre extrémité des canaux 70 est réalisée de manière analogue. Autrement dit, les gorges que forment les canaux sont réalisées dans l'épaisseur de matière de la barre métallique, en débouchant sur la face intérieure 72, tout en laissant subsister de la matière de façon à fermer le volume du couvercle au niveau de ses extrémités longitudinales (faces d'extrémité 84).Referring now to Figure 6 which shows a channel 70 having an end 82 terminating at a distance A of an end face 84 of the cover 44. This end 82 has, in the vicinity of the end face 84, a profile. longitudinal curved delimited by a radius R. This latter advantageously corresponds to the radius of the crowns 80 of the machining tool 78. It follows that the end of each of the channels 70 is made non-emergent which avoids the recourse to end plates to close the channels. The other end of the channels 70 is made analogously. In other words, the throats that the channels are formed in the thickness of material of the metal bar, opening on the inner face 72, while allowing the material to remain so as to close the volume of the lid at its longitudinal ends (end faces 84).

On se réfère maintenant à la figure 7 qui montre, en coupe longitudinale, un couvercle 44 selon l'invention dans une forme de réalisation. On voit que ce couvercle comporte deux séries de canaux 70A et 70B, les canaux 70A présentant une longueur supérieure aux canaux 70B et s'étendant du côté du prolongement 32 (figure 1). Dans l'exemple, les canaux 70A et 70B ont une section intérieure constante sur toute leur longueur.Referring now to Figure 7 which shows, in longitudinal section, a cover 44 according to the invention in one embodiment. It can be seen that this cover has two series of channels 70A and 70B, the channels 70A having a longer length than the channels 70B and extending on the extension side 32 (FIG. 1). In the example, the channels 70A and 70B have a constant inner section along their entire length.

La figure 8 montre, vu en coupe longitudinale, le couvercle 50 de la boîte collectrice opposée, qui s'étend sur une longueur plus faible que le couvercle 44 et qui comporte une seule série de canaux 70C pour former retour. Les canaux 70C s'étendent sur toute la longueur et ont là aussi une section intérieure constante. Comme on le verra plus loin, le couvercle 44 de la figure 7 et le couvercle 50 de la figure 8 permettent de définir un évaporateur à quatre passes de circulation.Figure 8 shows, in longitudinal section, the cover 50 of the opposite header, which extends over a shorter length than the cover 44 and which has a single series of channels 70C to form return. The channels 70C extend over the entire length and here again have a constant inner section. As will be seen below, the cover 44 of FIG. 7 and the cover 50 of FIG. 8 make it possible to define an evaporator with four circulation passes.

La figure 9 illustre une variante du couvercle 44 de la figure 7 dans laquelle les canaux 70B ont une section intérieure constante, tandis que les canaux 70A ont une section intérieure variable, le fond des canaux présentant une pente ayant un angle A1.Figure 9 illustrates a variant of the cover 44 of Figure 7 in which the channels 70B have a constant inner section, while the channels 70A have a variable inner section, the bottom of the channels having a slope having an angle A1.

La figure 10 illustre une variante du couvercle 50 de la figure 8 et l'on voit que les canaux 70C ont également une section intérieure variable dont le fond présente une double pente définie par deux angles A2 opposés.FIG. 10 illustrates a variant of the cover 50 of FIG. 8 and it can be seen that the channels 70C also have a variable inner section whose bottom has a double slope defined by two opposite angles A2.

La figure 11 montre un autre type de profil à section intérieure variable pour un canal 70C. Chacun des canaux 70C présente une partie principale 85 réalisée par un premier usinage et une partie centrale 86 plus profonde réalisée par un deuxième usinage. Ce profil nécessite un premier usinage par un outil analogue à celui décrit précédemment et un deuxième usinage pour former, sur une partie de la longueur du canal, la partie centrale 86 plus profonde.Figure 11 shows another type of profile with variable inner section for a channel 70C. Each of the channels 70C has a main portion 85 made by a first machining and a deeper central portion 86 made by a second machining. This profile requires a first machining by a tool similar to that described above and a second machining to form, over a portion of the length of the channel, the central portion 86 deeper.

La figure 12 illustre une autre variante dans laquelle les canaux 70 ont une section intérieure variable réalisée par un seul usinage, donc par un seul outil. Le fond de chaque canal présente une partie inclinée 87 définie par une pente d'angle A3 et une partie 89 de profondeur constante. On comprend que l'outil d'usinage doit être déplacé de façon contrôlée par rapport à la barre métallique pour contrôler la profondeur d'usinage.FIG. 12 illustrates another variant in which the channels 70 have a variable inner section made by a single machining, and therefore by a single tool. The bottom of each channel has an inclined portion 87 defined by a slope of angle A3 and a portion 89 of constant depth. It is understood that the machining tool must be moved in a controlled manner relative to the metal bar to control the machining depth.

Le recours à des canaux de section interne variable, donc de profondeur variable, permet à chaque fois de contrôler le débit du fluide dans les tubes qui débouchent dans les canaux en question.The use of channels of variable internal section, so of varying depth, allows each time to control the flow of fluid in the tubes that open into the channels in question.

La figure 13 montre, de façon schématique, la distribution d'un fluide pour un échangeur à quatre passes, ici un évaporateur, dans lequel on a représenté schématiquement les couvercles 44 et 50. Le fluide pénètre dans la boîte collectrice associée au couvercle 44 comme montré par la flèche F1. Il débouche dans des canaux 70.1 de profondeur décroissante.FIG. 13 shows, schematically, the distribution of a fluid for a four-pass exchanger, here an evaporator, in which the covers 44 and 50 are shown schematically. The fluid enters the collecting box associated with the cover 44 as shown by the F1 arrow. It opens into 70.1 channels of decreasing depth.

Le fluide parcourt ensuite une partie des tubes 18 d'une première rangée correspondant à une première passe P1 pour déboucher dans une série de canaux 70.2 à profil variable du couvercle 50. Ces canaux 70.2 s'étendent sur toute la longueur du couvercle 50 et ont un profil analogue à celui de la figure 10. Le fluide quitte ensuite les canaux 70.2 par une autre partie des tubes de la première rangée pour constituer une deuxième passe P2 et gagner ainsi des canaux 70.3 du couvercle 44 qui, dans l'exemple, ont une section intérieure constante. Le fluide passe de ces canaux 70.3 à d'autres canaux 70.4 comme montré par la flèche F2. Ces canaux 70.4 ont également une section intérieure constante.The fluid then travels a portion of the tubes 18 of a first row corresponding to a first pass P1 to open into a series of channels 70.2 of variable profile cover 50. These channels 70.2 extend over the entire length of the cover 50 and have a profile similar to that of Figure 10. The fluid then leaves the channels 70.2 by another part of the tubes of the first row to form a second pass P2 and thus gain channels 70.3 of the cover 44 which, in the example, have a constant inner section. The fluid flows from these channels 70.3 to other channels 70.4 as shown by the arrow F2. These channels 70.4 also have a constant inner section.

Le fluide quitte ensuite la boîte collectrice supérieure en parcourant une partie des tubes de la deuxième rangée pour constituer une troisième passe P3 et gagner des canaux 70.5 s'étendant également sur toute la longueur du couvercle 50. Ces canaux 70.5 ont un profil analogue aux canaux 70.2. Le fluide quitte ensuite la boîte collectrice inférieure pour constituer une quatrième passe P4 en passant au travers d'une partie des tubes de la deuxième rangée. Le fluide gagne ainsi des canaux 70.6 ayant une section intérieure variable analogue à celle des canaux 70.1. Le fluide quitte ensuite l'échangeur de chaleur comme montré par la flèche F3.The fluid then leaves the upper header by traversing a portion of the tubes of the second row to constitute a third pass P3 and win channels 70.5 also extending over the entire length of the cover 50. These channels 70.5 have a profile similar to the channels 70.2. The fluid then leaves the lower manifold to form a fourth pass P4 through a portion of the tubes of the second row. The fluid thus gains 70.6 channels having a variable inner section similar to that of the channels 70.1. The fluid then leaves the heat exchanger as shown by the arrow F3.

Ainsi, il est possible de travailler sur la répartition du fluide dans les canaux en réalisant des canaux à section intérieure variable. On peut contrôler et équilibrer le débit du fluide dans les différentes passes P1 à P4, et ceci en jouant sur la vitesse du fluide grâce aux différentes sections intérieures des canaux.Thus, it is possible to work on the distribution of the fluid in the channels by making channels with variable inner section. It is possible to control and balance the flow rate of the fluid in the different passes P1 to P4, and this playing on the speed of the fluid thanks to the different internal sections of the channels.

Les composants de la boîte collectrice (plaque collectrice 26, plaque de distribution 38 et couvercle 44) sont réalisés chacun à partir d'une plaque métallique, de préférence en alliage d'aluminium, avec une épaisseur suffisante pour résister aux pressions importantes du fluide réfrigérant. Le fait de réaliser plusieurs bossages 68 sur le couvercle permet de former des canaux 70 de petit volume limitant l'effet de la pression du fluide sur les composants de la plaque collectrice.The components of the manifold (collecting plate 26, distribution plate 38 and cover 44) are each made from a metal plate, preferably aluminum alloy, with a thickness sufficient to withstand the significant pressures of the refrigerant fluid. . The fact of making several bosses 68 on the cover makes it possible to form small volume channels 70 limiting the effect of the pressure of the fluid on the components of the collector plate.

Ces composants sont destinés à être assemblés par brasage une fois un assemblage provisoire obtenu par sertissage. Il est donc nécessaire de prévoir un placage de brasure.These components are intended to be assembled by soldering once a provisional assembly obtained by crimping. It is therefore necessary to provide a braze plating.

Le procédé de fabrication de la boîte collectrice 14 comprend essentiellement les opérations suivantes :

  1. a) réaliser une plaque collectrice 26 ou 46 ;
  2. b) réaliser des moyens de distribution, ici une plaque de distribution 38 ou 48 ;
  3. c) réaliser un couvercle 44 ou 50 à partir d'une barre métallique comme défini plus haut; et
  4. d) assembler le couvercle sur la plaque collectrice avec insertion des moyens de distribution en sorte que les passages de communication 40 ou 42 débouchent d'une part sur les canaux de distribution 38 ou 48 et d'autre part sur les ouvertures 28 de la plaque collectrice 26 ou 46.
The method of manufacturing the header box 14 essentially comprises the following operations:
  1. a) producing a collector plate 26 or 46;
  2. b) achieve distribution means, here a distribution plate 38 or 48;
  3. c) making a cover 44 or 50 from a metal bar as defined above; and
  4. d) assembling the cover on the header plate with insertion of the distribution means so that the communication passages 40 or 42 open on the one hand to the distribution channels 38 or 48 and on the other hand to the openings 28 of the plate collector 26 or 46.

Dans le mode de réalisation précédent, l'opération b) comprend la préparation d'une plaque de distribution 38 ou 48 qui délimite les passages de communication 40 et 42, tandis que l'opération d) comprend l'interposition de la plaque de distribution entre la plaque collectrice 26 ou 46 et la face intérieure 72 du couvercle.In the previous embodiment, operation b) comprises the preparation of a distribution plate 38 or 48 which delimits the communication passages 40 and 42, while the operation d) comprises the interposition of the distribution plate between the header plate 26 or 46 and the inner face 72 of the cover.

Ensuite, le couvercle 14 est serti sur la plaque collectrice 26 au moyen des organes de sertissage 30, en enfermant la plaque de distribution.Then, the cover 14 is crimped on the header plate 26 by means of crimping members 30, enclosing the distribution plate.

On se réfère maintenant à la figure 14 qui concerne une autre forme de réalisation dans laquelle le couvercle 88 s'apparente au couvercle 44 décrit précédemment et comporte deux séries de canaux 70A et 70B sous la forme de gorges longitudinales parallèles réalisées dans la direction longitudinale de la barre métallique. Le couvercle comporte en outre des passages de communication 90 et 92 qui sont fonctionnellement analogues aux passages de communication 40 et 42 décrits précédemment. Toutefois, ces passages de communication 90 et 92 sont ici des gorges transversales parallèles réalisées par usinage dans la direction transversale de la barre métallique, en débouchant d'une part sur les canaux de distribution 70A et 70B et d'autre part sur la face intérieure 94 du couvercle (figures 15 et 16). Les passages de communication 90 et 92 sont espacés d'un pas P correspondant à celui des tubes.Referring now to Figure 14 which relates to another embodiment in which the cover 88 is similar to the cover 44 described above and comprises two series of channels 70A and 70B in the form of parallel longitudinal grooves made in the longitudinal direction of the metal bar. The cover further includes communication passages 90 and 92 which are functionally analogous to the previously described communication passages 40 and 42. However, these communication passages 90 and 92 are here parallel transverse grooves made by machining in the transverse direction of the metal bar, opening on the one hand on the distribution channels 70A and 70B and on the other hand on the inner face 94 of the lid (Figures 15 and 16). The communication passages 90 and 92 are spaced apart by a pitch P corresponding to that of the tubes.

Il en résulte qu'il n'est plus nécessaire d'intercaler une plaque de distribution entre le couvercle et la plaque collectrice, ce qui supprime un composant. L'opération d'assemblage d) comprend donc l'assemblage direct de la plaque collectrice 28 ou 46 contre la face intérieure 94 du couvercle 88. Le couvercle est donc serti directement sur la plaque collectrice.As a result, it is no longer necessary to insert a distribution plate between the cover and the header plate, which eliminates a component. The assembly operation d) thus comprises the direct assembly of the manifold plate 28 or 46 against the inner face 94 of the cover 88. The cover is crimped directly on the collector plate.

Dans la forme de réalisation des figures 14 à 16, l'usinage des gorges du couvercle est effectué en deux étapes:

  1. 1) usinage des gorges longitudinales (canaux 70A et 70B),
  2. 2) usinage des gorges transversales (passages 90 et 92).
In the embodiment of FIGS. 14 to 16, the machining of the grooves of the cover is carried out in two steps:
  1. 1) machining longitudinal grooves (channels 70A and 70B),
  2. 2) machining of the transverse grooves (passages 90 and 92).

Le couvercle 88 regroupe ainsi les fonctions de passage et de distribution du fluide. Ceci permet de diminuer le nombre de pièces de l'échangeur de chaleur, dé faciliter le procédé d'assemblage et de diminuer les risques de fuite. De plus la face intérieure 94 du couvercle 88 peut être usinée en formant des évidements ou gradins 96 (figures 15 et 16) formant des butées pour l'introduction des tubes 18. Une fois la boîte collectrice ainsi assemblée, l'ensemble de l'échangeur de chaleur peut être assemblé. Les composants du faisceau 12 (tubes et intercalaires) sont disposés les uns contre les autres et les extrémités des tubes sont placées, d'un côté, dans les ouvertures de la boîte collectrice 14 et, du côté opposé, dans les ouvertures de la boîte collectrice 16.The cover 88 thus groups the functions of passage and distribution of the fluid. This makes it possible to reduce the number of parts of the heat exchanger, to facilitate the assembly process and to reduce the risk of leakage. In addition the inner face 94 of the cover 88 can be machined by forming recesses or steps 96 (Figures 15 and 16) forming stops for the introduction of the tubes 18. Once the manifold thus assembled, the whole of the heat exchanger can be assembled. The components of the bundle 12 (tubes and spacers) are arranged against each other and the ends of the tubes are placed, on one side, in the openings of the manifold 14 and, on the opposite side, in the openings of the box collector 16.

Quelle que soit la forme de réalisation de la boîte collectrice, l'ensemble de l'échangeur de chaleur peut être ensuite brasé, en une seule opération, par passage dans un four de brasage approprié. Lors du brasage, un placage de brasure vient assurer une liaison entre les différents composants.Whatever the embodiment of the header, the entire heat exchanger can be then brazed, in a single operation, by passing through a suitable brazing furnace. During soldering, solder plating provides a connection between the various components.

Il est possible, en variante, de braser les boîtes collectrices séparément avant de les assembler au faisceau et d'effectuer un brasage de l'ensemble de l'échangeur.It is possible, in a variant, to solder the manifolds separately before assembling them to the bundle and brazing the entire heat exchanger.

La boîte collectrice 16 est réalisée d'une façon analogue à la boîte collectrice 14, sauf qu'elle ne comporte pas de prolongement pour le montage de tubulures d'entrée et de sortie de fluide.The manifold 16 is made in a similar manner to the manifold 14, except that it does not have an extension for mounting fluid inlet and outlet manifolds.

La boîte collectrice de l'invention est susceptible de nombreuses variantes de réalisation. Elle trouve une application principale aux échangeurs de chaleur parcourus par un fluide réfrigérant sous haute pression, en particulier aux évaporateurs de climatisation parcourus par un fluide à l'état supercritique comme le CO2, tels que ceux destinés aux véhicules automobiles.The manifold of the invention is capable of many variants. It finds a main application to heat exchangers traversed by a high-pressure refrigerant, in particular to air-conditioning evaporators traversed by a fluid in the supercritical state such as CO 2 , such as those intended for motor vehicles.

Claims (24)

Boîte collectrice d'échangeur de chaleur, comprenant une plaque collectrice (26; 46) munie d'ouvertures (28) pour l'insertion de tubes (18) d'échange de chaleur, et un couvercle (44 ; 50 ; 88) délimitant des canaux de distribution (70) communiquant avec les tubes,
caractérisée en ce que le couvercle (44 ; 50 ; 88) est une barre métallique présentant une face intérieure (72 ; 94) et une face extérieure (74) opposée, et en ce que les canaux de distribution (70) sont des gorges réalisées dans l'épaisseur de matière de la barre métallique, en débouchant sur la face intérieure (72 ; 94), tout en laissant subsister de la matière de façon à fermer le volume du couvercle au niveau de ses extrémités longitudinales.A heat exchanger collector box, comprising a header plate (26; 46) provided with openings (28) for insertion of heat exchange tubes (18), and a cover (44; 50; 88) delimiting distribution channels (70) communicating with the tubes,
characterized in that the cover (44; 50; 88) is a metal bar having an inner face (72; 94) and an opposite outer face (74); and that the distribution channels (70) are grooves made in the thickness of material of the metal bar, opening on the inner face (72; 94), while allowing the material to remain so as to close the volume of the lid at its longitudinal ends. Boîte collectrice selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que des passages de communication (40, 42 ; 90, 92) sont prévus entre le couvercle (44 ; 50 ; 88) et la plaque collectrice (26 ; 46).Collector box according to claim 1, characterized in that communication passages (40, 42; 90, 92) are provided between the cover (44; 50; 88) and the collector plate (26; 46). Boîte collectrice selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les passages de communication (40, 42) sont délimités par une plaque de distribution (38 ; 48) interposée entre la plaque collectrice (26 ; 46) et la face intérieure (72) du couvercle (44 ; 50).Collector box according to claim 2, characterized in that the communication passages (40, 42) are delimited by a distribution plate (38; 48) interposed between the collector plate (26; 46) and the inner face (72) of the cover (44; 50). Boîte collectrice selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les passages de communication (90, 92) sont des gorges de la barre métallique débouchant d'une part sur les canaux de distribution (70) et d'autre part sur la face intérieure (94) du couvercle (88).Collector box according to claim 2, characterized in that the communication passages (90, 92) are grooves of the metal bar opening on the one hand on the distribution channels (70) and secondly on the inner face (94) of the cover (88). Boîte collectrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que les canaux de distribution (70) et les passages de communication (40, 42 ; 90, 92) sont usinés.Collector box according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the distribution channels (70) and the communication passages (40, 42; 90, 92) are machined. Boîte collectrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que le couvercle (44 ; 50 ; 88) est obtenu à partir d'une barre métallique extrudée.Collector box according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cover (44; 50; 88) is obtained from an extruded metal bar. Boîte collectrice selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que la face extérieure (74) de la barre métallique extrudée est conformée de manière à présenter un profil comportant une pluralité de dômes (68) en correspondance des canaux de distribution (70).Slip box according to claim 6, characterized in that the outer face (74) of the extruded metal bar is shaped to have a profile comprising a plurality of domes (68) in correspondence of the distribution channels (70). Boîte collectrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que les canaux de distribution (70) ont une section intérieure constante sur toute leur longueur.Collector box according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the distribution channels (70) have a constant inner section along their entire length. Boîte collectrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que les canaux de distribution (70) ont une section intérieure variable sur toute leur longueur.Collector box according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the distribution channels (70) have a variable inner section along their entire length. Boîte collectrice selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que les canaux de distribution comprennent des canaux (70A) de section intérieure variable dont le fond présente une pente ayant un angle (A1).Slip box according to claim 9, characterized in that the distribution channels comprise channels (70A) of variable inner section whose bottom has a slope having an angle (A1). Boîte collectrice selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que les canaux de distribution comprennent des canaux (70C) de section intérieure variable dont le fond présente une double pente définie par deux angles (A2) opposés.Slip box according to Claim 9, characterized in that the distribution channels comprise channels (70C) of variable inner section whose bottom has a double slope defined by two opposite angles (A2). Boîte collectrice selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que les canaux de distribution comprennent des canaux (70C) de section intérieure variable présentant une partie principale (85) réalisée par un premier usinage et une partie centrale (86) plus profonde réalisée par un deuxième usinage.Slip box according to claim 9, characterized in that the distribution channels comprise channels (70C) of variable inner section having a main portion (85) made by a first machining and a deeper central portion (86) made by a second machining. Boîte collectrice selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que les canaux de distribution comprennent des canaux (70C) de section intérieure variable réalisée par un seul usinage, dont le fond présente une partie inclinée (87) définie par une pente ayant un angle (A3) et une partie (89) de profondeur constante.Collector box according to claim 9, characterized in that the distribution channels comprise channels (70C) of variable internal section made by a single machining, whose bottom has an inclined portion (87) defined by a slope having an angle (A3 ) and a portion (89) of constant depth. Boîte collectrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisée en ce que le couvercle (50) comporte une seule série de canaux de distribution (70) qui s'étendent chacun sur la longueur de la barre métallique.A header according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the cover (50) has a single series of distribution channels (70) each extending along the length of the metal bar. Boîte collectrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisée en ce que le couvercle (44) comporte au moins deux séries de canaux de distribution (70) qui s'étendent chacun sur une partie de la longueur de la barre métallique.A header according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the cover (44) has at least two sets of distribution channels (70) each extending over a portion of the length of the metal bar. Boîte collectrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisée en ce que les canaux de distribution (70) ont un fond avec un profil transversal en U.Slip box according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the distribution channels (70) have a bottom with a transverse U-shaped profile. Boîte collectrice selon la revendication 16, caractérisée en ce que les canaux (70) ont au voisinage d'une face d'extrémité (84) de la barre métallique un profil longitudinal incurvé délimité par un rayon (R).Collector box according to claim 16, characterized in that the channels (70) have in the vicinity of an end face (84) of the metal bar a curved longitudinal profile delimited by a radius (R). Echangeur de chaleur comprenant un faisceau de tubes (18) et au moins une boîte collectrice (14, 16) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 17.Heat exchanger comprising a bundle of tubes (18) and at least one manifold (14, 16) according to one of claims 1 to 17. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que ledit échangeur comporte au moins deux passes et en ce que lesdites sections intérieures des canaux de distribution (70) permettent de contrôler et d'équilibrer le débit du fluide dans lesdites passes (P1, P2, P3 et P4).Heat exchanger according to claim 18, characterized in that said exchanger comprises at least two passes and in that said inner sections of the distribution channels (70) make it possible to control and balance the flow of the fluid in said passes (P1, P2, P3 and P4). Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce qu'il est réalisé sous la forme d'un évaporateur.Heat exchanger according to Claim 19, characterized in that it is in the form of an evaporator. Procédé de fabrication d'une boîte collectrice pour échangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 17, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les opérations suivantes: a) réaliser une plaque collectrice (26 ; 46) comportant des ouvertures (28) de réception de tubes ; b) réaliser des moyens de distribution comportant des passages de communication (40, 42 ; 90, 92) ; c) réaliser un couvercle (44 ; 50 ; 88) à partir d'une barre métallique présentant une face intérieure (72 ; 94) et une face extérieure (74) opposée en usinant des canaux de distribution (70) sous la forme de gorges obtenues par usinage de la barre métallique dans la direction longitudinale de celle-ci en débouchant sur ladite face intérieure ; et d) assembler le couvercle (44 ; 50 ; 88) sur la plaque collectrice (26 ; 46) avec insertion des moyens de distribution en sorte que les passages de communication (40, 42 ; 90, 92) débouchent d'une part sur les canaux de distribution (70) et d'autre part sur les ouvertures (28) de la plaque collectrice (26 ; 46). Process for manufacturing a heat exchanger collector box according to one of Claims 1 to 17, characterized in that it comprises the following operations: a) providing a header plate (26; 46) having tube receiving openings (28); b) providing distribution means including communication passages (40, 42; 90, 92); c) providing a cover (44; 50; 88) from a metal bar having an inner face (72; 94) and an opposite outer face (74) by machining channels dispensing device (70) in the form of grooves obtained by machining the metal bar in the longitudinal direction thereof, opening on said inner face; and d) assembling the cover (44; 50; 88) on the header plate (26; 46) with insertion of the dispensing means so that the communication passages (40,42; 90,92) open on the one hand on the distribution channels (70) and secondly on the openings (28) of the header plate (26; 46). Procédé selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que l'opération b) comprend la préparation d'une plaque de distribution (38 ; 48) délimitant les passages de communication (40, 42) et que l'opération d) comprend l'interposition de la plaque de distribution (38 ; 48) entre la plaque collectrice (26 ; 46) et la face intérieure (72) du couvercle.A method according to claim 21, characterized in that step b) comprises preparing a distribution plate (38; 48) defining the communication passages (40,42) and that operation d) comprises interposing the distribution plate (38; 48) between the header plate (26; 46) and the inner face (72) of the cover. Procédé selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que l'opération b) comprend la réalisation des passages de communication (90, 92) sous la forme de gorges réalisées par usinage dans la direction transversale de la barre métallique, en débouchant d'une part sur les canaux de distribution (70) et d'autre part sur la face intérieure (94) du couvercle et que l'opération d) comprend l'assemblage direct de la plaque collectrice (28 ; 46) contre la face intérieure (94) du couvercle (88).Method according to claim 21, characterized in that the operation b) comprises the production of the communication passages (90, 92) in the form of grooves made by machining in the transverse direction of the metal bar, opening on the one hand on the distribution channels (70) and on the inner side (94) of the cover and that the operation d) comprises the direct assembly of the header plate (28; 46) against the inner face (94) cover (88). Procédé selon l'une des revendications 21 à 23, caractérisé en ce que l'opération c) comprend la préparation d'une barre métallique extrudée et l'usinage des canaux (70) au moyen d'un outil rotatif multi-étagé (78) propre à usiner simultanément les canaux sur une partie au moins de la longueur de la barre métallique.Method according to one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that the operation c) comprises the preparation of an extruded metal bar and the machining channels (70) by means of a multi-stage rotary tool (78) capable of simultaneously machining the channels over at least a portion of the length of the metal bar.
EP07001090A 2006-01-31 2007-01-18 Collector with tap for high pressure fluid, heat exchanger with the collector and fabrication process Active EP1813903B1 (en)

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FR0600884A FR2896862B1 (en) 2006-01-31 2006-01-31 COLLECTOR BOX WITH COVER FOR HIGH PRESSURE FLUID, HEAT EXCHANGER COMPRISING SUCH BOX AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

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EP1813903B1 EP1813903B1 (en) 2008-07-30

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JP2012052715A (en) * 2010-08-31 2012-03-15 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Heat exchanger
EP1857763A3 (en) * 2006-05-18 2012-08-22 Doowon Climate Control Co., Ltd Header for high pressure heat exchanger
WO2013116177A3 (en) * 2012-02-02 2014-01-03 Carrier Corporation Method for fabricating flattened tube finned heat exchanger
US20170314792A1 (en) * 2014-11-14 2017-11-02 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Heat exchanger
EP3745069A4 (en) * 2018-05-17 2021-09-15 Zhejiang Sanhua Intelligent Controls Co., Ltd. Heat exchanger

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FR2793015A1 (en) * 1999-04-28 2000-11-03 Valeo Thermique Moteur Sa Heat exchanger assembly for an automobile, utilises a cross flow configuration between the fluid supply and sump assemblies via tubular plate type heat exchange fins
US20020074113A1 (en) * 2000-12-20 2002-06-20 Abell Bradley D. Two piece heat exchanger manifold
US6446713B1 (en) * 2002-02-21 2002-09-10 Norsk Hydro, A.S. Heat exchanger manifold
US20030221819A1 (en) * 2002-05-29 2003-12-04 Halla Climate Control Corporation Heat exchanger for CO2 refrigerant
WO2005088225A1 (en) * 2004-03-17 2005-09-22 Showa Denko K.K. Heat exchanger header tank and heat exchanger comprising same
US20050284621A1 (en) * 2004-06-28 2005-12-29 Denso Corporation Heat exchanger

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2793015A1 (en) * 1999-04-28 2000-11-03 Valeo Thermique Moteur Sa Heat exchanger assembly for an automobile, utilises a cross flow configuration between the fluid supply and sump assemblies via tubular plate type heat exchange fins
US20020074113A1 (en) * 2000-12-20 2002-06-20 Abell Bradley D. Two piece heat exchanger manifold
US6446713B1 (en) * 2002-02-21 2002-09-10 Norsk Hydro, A.S. Heat exchanger manifold
US20030221819A1 (en) * 2002-05-29 2003-12-04 Halla Climate Control Corporation Heat exchanger for CO2 refrigerant
WO2005088225A1 (en) * 2004-03-17 2005-09-22 Showa Denko K.K. Heat exchanger header tank and heat exchanger comprising same
US20050284621A1 (en) * 2004-06-28 2005-12-29 Denso Corporation Heat exchanger

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1857763A3 (en) * 2006-05-18 2012-08-22 Doowon Climate Control Co., Ltd Header for high pressure heat exchanger
JP2012052715A (en) * 2010-08-31 2012-03-15 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Heat exchanger
WO2013116177A3 (en) * 2012-02-02 2014-01-03 Carrier Corporation Method for fabricating flattened tube finned heat exchanger
CN104081149A (en) * 2012-02-02 2014-10-01 开利公司 Method for fabricating flattened tube finned heat exchanger
CN104081149B (en) * 2012-02-02 2017-05-17 开利公司 Method for fabricating flattened tube finned heat exchanger
US9901966B2 (en) 2012-02-02 2018-02-27 Carrier Corporation Method for fabricating flattened tube finned heat exchanger
US20170314792A1 (en) * 2014-11-14 2017-11-02 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Heat exchanger
US10465924B2 (en) * 2014-11-14 2019-11-05 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Heat exchanger
EP3745069A4 (en) * 2018-05-17 2021-09-15 Zhejiang Sanhua Intelligent Controls Co., Ltd. Heat exchanger
US11268767B2 (en) 2018-05-17 2022-03-08 Hangzhou Sanhua Research Institute Co., Ltd. Heat exchanger

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EP1813903B1 (en) 2008-07-30
FR2896862A1 (en) 2007-08-03
FR2896862B1 (en) 2008-04-11
ATE403126T1 (en) 2008-08-15
DE602007000049D1 (en) 2008-09-11
ES2312143T3 (en) 2009-02-16

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