EP1780489A1 - Header box for heat exchanger - Google Patents

Header box for heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1780489A1
EP1780489A1 EP06122903A EP06122903A EP1780489A1 EP 1780489 A1 EP1780489 A1 EP 1780489A1 EP 06122903 A EP06122903 A EP 06122903A EP 06122903 A EP06122903 A EP 06122903A EP 1780489 A1 EP1780489 A1 EP 1780489A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
header
tubes
distribution plate
collector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06122903A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gaël LE DUC
Bruno Berthome
Olivier Bigot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS filed Critical Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
Publication of EP1780489A1 publication Critical patent/EP1780489A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0278—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of stacked distribution plates or perforated plates arranged over end plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05391—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits combined with a particular flow pattern, e.g. multi-row multi-stage radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • F28F9/0204—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions
    • F28F9/0214—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions having only longitudinal partitions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F28F9/0224—Header boxes formed by sealing end plates into covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • F28F9/182—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding the heat-exchange conduits having ends with a particular shape, e.g. deformed; the heat-exchange conduits or end plates having supplementary joining means, e.g. abutments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0085—Evaporators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of heat exchangers and in particular to exchangers intended to be traversed by a fluid under high pressure.
  • the invention relates more particularly to air conditioning evaporators capable of being traversed by a refrigerant fluid in the supercritical state, as is the case with natural gases such as carbon dioxide or CO 2 .
  • air conditioning evaporators capable of being traversed by a refrigerant fluid in the supercritical state, as is the case with natural gases such as carbon dioxide or CO 2 .
  • Such exchangers find particular application in motor vehicles.
  • Collection boxes generally obtained by brazing, which are designed to withstand such high pressures, are already known.
  • the manifold is formed from an extruded hollow section in which are arranged slots for receiving the tubes of the heat exchanger bundle.
  • This solution requires machining a massive extruded profile to allow insertion of the tubes. Then, it does not allow to add a solder plating on the inside to allow good solderability.
  • JP 2000-337788 discloses a manifold composed of a stamped collector plate and an extruded lid. Flat tubes are introduced through openings in the header plate.
  • JP 2003-075024 discloses a three-part header, comprising a header plate, a cover and an intermediate plate used for dispensing the fluid.
  • the collector plate is made by stamping and the tubes are introduced into collars of the collector plate which protrude inside the collector box. Because the ends of the tubes protrude inside the manifold, the interior volume thereof can not be minimized.
  • JP 2002-041332 shows an embodiment similar to the previous one which has the same disadvantage of the fact that the ends of the tubes must protrude inside the manifold.
  • Another solution known by EP 0 563 471 relates to a multi-part manifold in which the tubes do not protrude into the manifold.
  • the brazing between the tubes and the collector plate is made in the thickness of the collector plate.
  • This solution requires an additional plate to stop the ends of the tubes.
  • the surface in contact with the ends of the tubes does not have solder plating.
  • This veneer comes from remainder of the collector plate and / or the stop plate. As a result, the weight of this part is not optimized.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • a heat exchanger collector box comprising a collector plate provided with openings for the insertion of heat exchange tubes, a distribution plate contiguous to the collector plate and delimiting chambers communicating with the heat exchange tubes. tubes, and a lid to close the chambers of the distribution plate.
  • the collector plate is a stamped plate having a flat inner face for receiving the distribution plate, while the distribution plate has a flat inner face adapted to come into contact with the flat inner face of the collector plate forming abutment stop for the tubes.
  • Such a manifold is particularly suitable for heat exchangers traversed by a fluid under high pressure, in particular to air-conditioning evaporators suitable for being traversed by a refrigerant fluid in the supercritical state, in particular by CO 2 .
  • the use of a stamped collector plate avoids machining operations.
  • the header plate and the distribution plate are in mutual contact with flat surfaces, this allows a good brazed connection on brazed surfaces. important.
  • the tubes are stopped by the distribution plate and can not project into the manifold.
  • the collector plate has an outer face from which flanges for receiving the tubes extend.
  • each of the collars envelops the entire periphery of the tube which it receives and comprises a chamfer favoring the introduction of the tube.
  • the collector plate has a given thickness, delimited between the inner face and the outer face, and each of the collars extends over a height, from the inner face, which is greater than the thickness of the collecting plate.
  • the apertures and collars of the header plate have internal generally rectangular shaped sections for receiving flat tubes of homologous outer section.
  • the header plate comprises two rows of openings and collars for receiving two rows of tubes.
  • crimping members come from the header plate to bear on the cover by enclosing the distribution plate for soldering assembly.
  • the presence of crimping members on the header plate allows a temporary assembly of components before soldering.
  • the invention in another aspect, relates to a heat exchanger comprising a bundle of tubes and at least one header as defined above.
  • this heat exchanger is in the form of an evaporator for an air conditioning circuit traversed by a high-pressure refrigerant, in particular a refrigerant fluid operating in the supercritical state.
  • FIG. 1 which shows a heat exchanger 10 having a beam 12 mounted between an upper manifold 14 and a lower manifold 16, the heat exchanger is considered in a vertical position.
  • the beam 12 is composed of two rows of tubes 18 (only one of which is visible in FIG. 1) and corrugated inserts 20 common to both rows of tubes.
  • the manifold 14 is provided with two pipes 22 and 24 respectively for the admission and evacuation of a fluid passing through the tubes of the bundle.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is in the form of an evaporator capable of being traversed by a refrigerant fluid operating in the supercritical state, in particular CO 2 , the pressure of which can reach values of order of 100 to 150 bar.
  • This fluid exchanges heat with a flow of air that scans the tube bundle to produce a flow of air conditioning, especially in a motor vehicle.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the heat exchanger of Figure 1. It is seen that the manifold 14 has a manifold plate 26 provided with openings 28 for receiving the tubes of the beam.
  • the openings 28 are of elongate shape and arranged in two rows corresponding to the two rows of tubes.
  • the collecting plate 26 is generally rectangular in shape and comprises, along its two long sides, crimping members 30. It comprises a extension 32 in which are provided openings 34 and 36 for the respective mounting of the tubes 22 and 24.
  • a distribution plate 38 having two rows of slots 40 each communicating with a tube 18 and a row of slots 42 of greater width which each communicate with two adjacent tubes belonging to the two rows of the beam. Slots 40 and 42 contribute to defining chambers which allow the distribution of the fluid and its circulation in the tubes of the bundle along a defined path.
  • a cover 44 intended to be held against the collector plate, trapping the distribution plate 38, under the action of the crimping members 30.
  • the lower manifold 16 is made in a similar manner except that it has no extension. It consists of a header plate 46, a distribution plate 48 and a cover 50. Note that the distribution plate 48 has two rows of slots 52 each communicating with a tube of the beam at its lower part.
  • FIG. 3 shows a half-view in cross section of the manifold 14 relative to a plane of symmetry P.
  • the manifold has a symmetrical portion to the right of the plane of symmetry P .
  • FIG. 3 shows the collecting plate 26, the distribution plate 38 and the cover 44.
  • the collecting plate 26 is a stamped plate having a planar inner face 54 for receiving the distribution plate 38 and an outer face 56 for from which extend collars 58 respectively surrounding the openings 28 for receiving the tubes.
  • Each of the collars 58 has a chamfer 59 envelopes 1 all of the tube 18 that it receives and further comprises a chamfer 59 oriented to promote the introduction of the tube.
  • the outer face 56 is directed downwards and the collars 58 are also directed downwards. These collars are thus arranged in two rows corresponding to the two rows of openings 28.
  • the collars and the openings have a rectangular general section to allow the reception of flat tubes 18 having a homologous external section, as it is will be seen later with reference to FIG.
  • the collecting plate 26 has a given thickness E delimited between its inner face 54 and its outer face 56, and each of the collars 58 extends over a height H, from the outer face, which is greater than the thickness E the collector plate (see Figure 4).
  • the thickness E may be of the order of 1 to 2 mm and the height H at least equal to this value.
  • the crimping members 30 are, as already indicated, formed along the two long sides of the collecting plate 26. They are in the form of a folded, slot-shaped edge with a number of tabs or teeth 60 ( Figure 3). These tabs also appear in the folded state in FIG. 1 and in the unfolded state in FIG. 2.
  • the distribution plate 38 has a flat inner face 62 adapted to come into contact with the flat inner face 54 of the header plate and an outer face 64 generally flat, opposite, adapted to receive the cover 44.
  • the distribution plate 38 has a thickness E ' given, delimited between its outer face 64 and its inner face 62, which is substantially equal to the thickness E of the header plate ( Figure 4).
  • the slots 40 and 42 In the thickness of the distribution plate, are arranged the slots 40 and 42 above. In Figure 3 we see half of one of the slots, in this case a slot 42 which communicates with two adjacent tubes respectively belonging to the two rows of tubes of the beam. At the same time, the distribution plate 38 forms an insertion stop for the tubes as can be seen in FIG. 3. As a result, the respective ends of the tubes can not exceed the plane defined by the inner face 54 of the collector plate.
  • the cover 44 is made here in the form of a stamped part having a peripheral edge 66 (FIG. 3) for supporting the crimping members 30.
  • the cover could also be made in the form of an extruded part or forged or machined.
  • the lid 44 comprises, as seen on the half-section of Figure 3, a series of bosses 68, six in number along the width, three of these bosses appear on the half-section of Figure 3.
  • These bosses 68 respectively delimit chambers 70 communicating with the chambers of the distribution plate (that is to say the slots 40 and 42 of the latter).
  • the cover 44 is formed of a plurality of arches or jambs having the same shapes and dimensions. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the arches located along a large side of the collector have the same shapes and dimensions as the other arches but to which, on its outer face, was added a foot of material whose height is greater than the height of the chambers 70. This foot of material provides a larger surface for crimping and contact between the cover 44, the plate of distribution 38 and the manifold plate 26 so that this crimping, intended to assemble and fix said elements 26, 38 and 44, is particularly robust and effective.
  • the crimping tabs or teeth 60 once crimped or placed on the peripheral edge 66 of the cover 44, extend beyond the chambers 70 so that the ends of the collector plate 26 have a C-shaped profile. framing or enclosing the distribution plate 38 and the chambers 70 formed by the cover 44. In this way, the assembly formed by the header plate 26, the distribution plate 38 and the cover 44 forms a compact and resistant whole.
  • the tabs or teeth 60 crimped onto the cover 44 have an inner planar surface in contact with the outer flat surface of the peripheral edge 66 so that said tabs 60 extend parallel to the distribution plate and to the defined lower plane. by the flat inner surface 54 of the header plate 26.
  • the tabs 60 operate a force, plane to plane, perpendicular to the aforesaid parallel planes of extension of the cover 44 and the distribution plate 38 so that the assembly formed of the manifold plate 26, the distribution plate 38 and the cover 44 is extremely strong and strong.
  • bosses are suitably arranged to allow the refrigerant fluid to penetrate inside the manifold 14 via the manifold 22, then circulate in the tubes of the bundle between the manifold 14 and the manifold 16 and leave the exchanger over there
  • the way in which the circulation of the fluid takes place in the bundle will not be described in detail, as it is a provision in itself known to those skilled in the art.
  • the cover 44 has a generally rectangular shape, the bosses 68 extending in the direction of the length of the cover. As already indicated, the cover has a plurality of bosses 68 in the width direction. In the example shown, six bosses are present in the direction of the width.
  • the components of the manifold are each made from a metallic material, preferably aluminum alloy, with a thickness sufficient to withstand the high pressures of the coolant .
  • a metallic material preferably aluminum alloy
  • the fact of making several bosses makes it possible to form chambers 70 of small volume limiting the effect of the pressure of the fluid on the components of the header plate.
  • solder plating 72 is provided on the inside face 54 of the collector plate, as can be seen in FIG. 4. It is furthermore advantageous to provide solder plating at the interface between the distribution plate and lid.
  • This veneer may be placed either on the outer face 64 of the distribution plate 38, or on the inner face 74 of the cover 44 which is applied against the distribution plate.
  • the entire heat exchanger can be assembled.
  • the components of the bundle 12 (tubes and spacers) are arranged against each other and the ends of the tubes are placed, on one side, in the openings of the manifold 14 and, on the opposite side, in the openings of the box collector 16.
  • the entire heat exchanger can then be brazed, in a single operation, by passing through a suitable brazing furnace.
  • solder plating 72 from the inner face of the header plate provides a connection between the header plate and the distribution plate and a connection between the tubes and the collars. Moreover, a connection is ensured between the plate of distribution and the lid thanks to the solder plating provided at their interface.
  • FIG. 5 shows, in cross-sectional view, a tube 18 of the beam. It can be seen that this tube has a generally rectangular shape with two large parallel faces 76 and two small opposite faces 78.
  • the tube comprises a plurality of parallel channels 80 and is advantageously made by extrusion.
  • the manifold 16 is made in a similar manner to the manifold 14, except that it does not have an extension for mounting fluid inlet and outlet tubing.
  • the manifold of the invention is capable of many variants. It finds a main application to heat exchangers traversed by a high-pressure refrigerant, in particular to air-conditioning evaporators traversed by a fluid in the supercritical state such as CO 2 , such as those intended for motor vehicles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The box has a collector plate (26) provided with reception openings (28) for inserting heat exchanging tubes (18), and a distribution plate (38) delimiting chambers closed by a cover (44). The collector plate (26) is an embossed sign plate and includes an outer face (56) from which collars (58) extend for receiving the tubes. The distribution plate has a plane lower face (62) contacting with a plane inner face (54) of the collector plate by forming an intake stop for the tubes, where the collector plate and the distribution plate are in mutual contact by the plane faces. An independent claim is also included for a method of manufacturing a collector box.

Description

L'invention se rapporte au domaine des échangeurs de chaleur et notamment aux échangeurs destinés à être parcourus par un fluide sous haute pression.The invention relates to the field of heat exchangers and in particular to exchangers intended to be traversed by a fluid under high pressure.

A cet égard, l'invention se rapporte plus particulièrement aux évaporateurs de climatisation susceptibles d'être parcourus par un fluide réfrigérant à l'état supercritique, comme c'est le cas de gaz naturels tels que le dioxyde de carbone ou CO2. De tels échangeurs trouvent une application particulière dans les véhicules automobiles.In this respect, the invention relates more particularly to air conditioning evaporators capable of being traversed by a refrigerant fluid in the supercritical state, as is the case with natural gases such as carbon dioxide or CO 2 . Such exchangers find particular application in motor vehicles.

On rappellera que, dans un circuit de climatisation parcouru par un fluide réfrigérant à l'état supercritique, ce fluide reste essentiellement à l'état gazeux et sous une pression très élevée qui est comprise entre 100 et 150 bars. Il en résulte que de tels échangeurs de chaleur, et notamment leurs boîtes collectrices, doivent pouvoir résister à de telles pressions élevées, les pressions d'éclatement préconisée étant généralement trois fois la valeur de la pression nominale de fonctionnement.It will be recalled that, in an air conditioning circuit traversed by a refrigerant fluid in the supercritical state, this fluid remains essentially in the gaseous state and under a very high pressure which is between 100 and 150 bar. As a result, such heat exchangers, and in particular their manifolds, must be able to withstand such high pressures, the burst pressures recommended being generally three times the value of the nominal operating pressure.

On connaît déjà des boîtes collectrices, généralement obtenues par brasage, qui sont conçues pour résister à de telles pressions élevées.Collection boxes, generally obtained by brazing, which are designed to withstand such high pressures, are already known.

Dans une première solution, connue par WO 03/014 614 , la boîte collectrice est formée à partir d'un profilé creux extrudé dans lequel sont aménagées des fentes pour recevoir les tubes du faisceau de l'échangeur. Cette solution nécessite d'usiner un profilé extrudé massif pour permettre l'insertion des tubes. Ensuite, elle ne permet pas d'ajouter un placage de brasure à l'intérieur pour permettre une bonne aptitude au brasage.In a first solution, known by WO 03/014 614 , the manifold is formed from an extruded hollow section in which are arranged slots for receiving the tubes of the heat exchanger bundle. This solution requires machining a massive extruded profile to allow insertion of the tubes. Then, it does not allow to add a solder plating on the inside to allow good solderability.

D'autres solutions connues utilisent des boîtes collectrices comprenant au moins deux parties, à savoir une plaque collectrice emboutie et un couvercle.Other known solutions use manifolds comprising at least two parts, namely a stamped collector plate and a lid.

Ainsi, JP 2000-337788 divulgue une boîte collectrice composée d'une plaque collectrice emboutie et d'un couvercle extrudé. Des tubes plats sont introduits au travers d'ouvertures de la plaque collectrice.So, JP 2000-337788 discloses a manifold composed of a stamped collector plate and an extruded lid. Flat tubes are introduced through openings in the header plate.

JP 2003-075024 divulgue une boîte collectrice en trois parties, comprenant une plaque collectrice, un couvercle et une plaque intermédiaire utilisée pour la distribution du fluide. La plaque collectrice est réalisée par emboutissage et les tubes sont introduits dans des collets de la plaque collectrice qui font saillie à l'intérieur de la boîte collectrice. Du fait que les extrémités des tubes dépassent à l'intérieur de la boîte collectrice, le volume intérieur de celle-ci ne peut être minimisé. JP 2003-075024 discloses a three-part header, comprising a header plate, a cover and an intermediate plate used for dispensing the fluid. The collector plate is made by stamping and the tubes are introduced into collars of the collector plate which protrude inside the collector box. Because the ends of the tubes protrude inside the manifold, the interior volume thereof can not be minimized.

JP 2002-041332 montre une réalisation analogue à la précédente qui présente le même inconvénient du fait que les extrémités des tubes doivent dépasser à l'intérieur de la boîte collectrice. JP 2002-041332 shows an embodiment similar to the previous one which has the same disadvantage of the fact that the ends of the tubes must protrude inside the manifold.

Une autre solution, connue par EP 0 563 471 , concerne une boîte collectrice en plusieurs parties dans laquelle les tubes ne dépassent pas à l'intérieur de la boîte collectrice. Le brasage entre les tubes et la plaque collectrice est réalisé dans l'épaisseur de la plaque collectrice. Cette solution nécessite une plaque supplémentaire pour arrêter les extrémités des tubes. La surface en contact avec les extrémités des tubes ne comporte pas de placage de brasure. Ce placage provient du reste de la plaque collectrice et/ou de la plaque d'arrêt. Par conséquent, le poids de cette pièce n'est pas optimisé.Another solution, known by EP 0 563 471 relates to a multi-part manifold in which the tubes do not protrude into the manifold. The brazing between the tubes and the collector plate is made in the thickness of the collector plate. This solution requires an additional plate to stop the ends of the tubes. The surface in contact with the ends of the tubes does not have solder plating. This veneer comes from remainder of the collector plate and / or the stop plate. As a result, the weight of this part is not optimized.

Ainsi, toutes ces solutions connues ne permettent pas de minimiser le volume intérieur de la boîte collectrice et donc les contraintes sur les pièces composant cette boîte collectrice.Thus, all these known solutions do not minimize the internal volume of the manifold and therefore the constraints on the components of this collector box.

L'invention a notamment pour but de surmonter les inconvénients précités.The object of the invention is in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.

Elle propose à cet effet une boîte collectrice d'échangeur de chaleur, comprenant une plaque collectrice munie d'ouvertures pour l'insertion de tubes d'échange de chaleur, une plaque de distribution accolée à la plaque collectrice et délimitant des chambres communiquant avec les tubes, et un couvercle pour fermer les chambres de la plaque de distribution.It proposes for this purpose a heat exchanger collector box, comprising a collector plate provided with openings for the insertion of heat exchange tubes, a distribution plate contiguous to the collector plate and delimiting chambers communicating with the heat exchange tubes. tubes, and a lid to close the chambers of the distribution plate.

Conformément à l'invention, la plaque collectrice est une plaque emboutie présentant une face intérieure plane pour la réception de la plaque de distribution, tandis que la plaque de distribution comporte une face intérieure plane apte à venir en contact avec la face intérieure plane de la plaque collectrice en formant butée d'introduction pour les tubes.According to the invention, the collector plate is a stamped plate having a flat inner face for receiving the distribution plate, while the distribution plate has a flat inner face adapted to come into contact with the flat inner face of the collector plate forming abutment stop for the tubes.

Une telle boîte collectrice convient tout particulièrement à des échangeurs de chaleur parcourus par un fluide sous haute pression, en particulier à des évaporateurs de climatisation propres à être parcourus par un fluide réfrigérant à l'état supercritique, en particulier par du CO2. L'utilisation d'une plaque collectrice emboutie évite des opérations d'usinage. Par ailleurs, du fait que la plaque collectrice et la plaque de distribution sont en contact mutuel par des surfaces planes, cela permet un bon assemblage par brasage sur des surfaces brasées importantes. En outre, les tubes sont arrêtés par la plaque de distribution et ne peuvent donc pas faire saillie à l'intérieur de la boîte collectrice.Such a manifold is particularly suitable for heat exchangers traversed by a fluid under high pressure, in particular to air-conditioning evaporators suitable for being traversed by a refrigerant fluid in the supercritical state, in particular by CO 2 . The use of a stamped collector plate avoids machining operations. Moreover, because the header plate and the distribution plate are in mutual contact with flat surfaces, this allows a good brazed connection on brazed surfaces. important. In addition, the tubes are stopped by the distribution plate and can not project into the manifold.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la plaque collectrice présente une face extérieure à partir de laquelle s'étendent des collets pour la réception des tubes.According to another characteristic of the invention, the collector plate has an outer face from which flanges for receiving the tubes extend.

La présence de tels collets permet de réaliser des joints de brasage plus étendus entre les tubes et la plaque collectrice. Comme ces collets font saillie vers l'extérieur de la plaque collectrice, il est possible de minimiser le volume intérieur de la boîte collectrice et, par conséquent, les contraintes qu'elle subit sous l'effet de la pression du fluide.The presence of such collars allows for larger solder joints between the tubes and the collector plate. As these collars protrude outwardly of the collector plate, it is possible to minimize the internal volume of the header and, therefore, the stresses it undergoes under the effect of fluid pressure.

De manière avantageuse, chacun des collets enveloppe la totalité de la périphérie du tube qu'il reçoit et comporte un chanfrein favorisant l'introduction du tube.Advantageously, each of the collars envelops the entire periphery of the tube which it receives and comprises a chamfer favoring the introduction of the tube.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la plaque collectrice possède une épaisseur donnée, délimitée entre la face intérieure et la face extérieure, et chacun des collets s'étend sur une hauteur, à partir de la face intérieure, qui est supérieure à l'épaisseur de la plaque collectrice .According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the collector plate has a given thickness, delimited between the inner face and the outer face, and each of the collars extends over a height, from the inner face, which is greater than the thickness of the collecting plate.

Dans une forme de réalisation préférée, les ouvertures et les collets de la plaque collectrice ont des sections internes de forme généralement rectangulaire pour la réception de tubes plats de section externe homologue.In a preferred embodiment, the apertures and collars of the header plate have internal generally rectangular shaped sections for receiving flat tubes of homologous outer section.

Dans un exemple de réalisation, la plaque collectrice comprend deux rangées d'ouvertures et de collets pour la réception de deux rangées de tubes.In an exemplary embodiment, the header plate comprises two rows of openings and collars for receiving two rows of tubes.

Il est avantageux que des organes de sertissage soient issus de la plaque collectrice pour prendre appui sur le couvercle en enserrant la plaque de distribution en vue d'un assemblage par brasage. La présence d'organes de sertissage sur la plaque collectrice permet un assemblage provisoire des composants avant brasage.It is advantageous that crimping members come from the header plate to bear on the cover by enclosing the distribution plate for soldering assembly. The presence of crimping members on the header plate allows a temporary assembly of components before soldering.

Des caractéristiques complémentaires et/ou alternatives de l'invention sont les suivantes :

  • les organes de sertissage de la plaque collectrice comprennent des pattes repliables espacées ;
  • la plaque de distribution comporte une face extérieure généralement plane opposée à la face intérieure et apte à recevoir le couvercle ;
  • la plaque de distribution possède une épaisseur donnée, délimitée entre sa face extérieure et sa face intérieure, qui est sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur de la plaque collectrice;
  • le couvercle est réalisé sous la forme d'une pièce emboutie ou extrudée ou forgée ou usinée comportant un bord périphérique pour l'appui des organes de sertissage et des bossages délimitant des chambres communiquant avec les chambres de la plaque de distribution pour assurer la circulation d'un fluide entre les tubes selon un parcours choisi ;
  • le couvercle présente une forme générale rectangulaire, et les bossages s'étendent dans la direction de la longueur du couvercle ;
  • le couvercle comporte une pluralité de bossages dans la direction de la largeur ;
  • la boîte collectrice comporte un placage de brasure sur la face intérieure de la plaque collectrice, ce qui facilite ensuite la liaison par brasage entre les composants de la boîte collectrice ;
  • la boîte collectrice comporte un placage de brasure à l'interface entre la plaque de distribution et le couvercle;
  • la plaque collectrice est munie à une extrémité de deux orifices pour la réception de deux tubulures d'entrée et de sortie de fluide.
Additional and / or alternative features of the invention are as follows:
  • the crimping members of the header plate comprise spaced foldable tabs;
  • the distribution plate has a generally flat outer face opposite to the inner face and adapted to receive the lid;
  • the distribution plate has a given thickness, delimited between its outer face and its inner face, which is substantially equal to the thickness of the header plate;
  • the cover is made in the form of a stamped or extruded or forged or machined part having a peripheral edge for supporting the crimping members and bosses delimiting chambers communicating with the chambers of the distribution plate to ensure the circulation of a fluid between the tubes along a chosen path;
  • the lid has a generally rectangular shape, and the bosses extend in the direction of the length of the lid;
  • the cover has a plurality of bosses in the width direction;
  • the manifold includes solder plating on the inner face of the header plate, which then facilitates solder connection between the manifold components;
  • the manifold includes a solder plating at the interface between the distribution plate and the lid;
  • the collector plate is provided at one end with two orifices for receiving two fluid inlet and outlet pipes.

Sous un autre aspect, l'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur comprenant un faisceau de tubes et au moins une boîte collectrice telle que définie précédemment.In another aspect, the invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising a bundle of tubes and at least one header as defined above.

Dans une forme de réalisation préférée, cet échangeur de chaleur est réalisé sous la forme d'un évaporateur pour un circuit de climatisation parcouru par un fluide réfrigérant à haute pression, en particulier un fluide réfrigérant fonctionnant à l'état super-critique.In a preferred embodiment, this heat exchanger is in the form of an evaporator for an air conditioning circuit traversed by a high-pressure refrigerant, in particular a refrigerant fluid operating in the supercritical state.

L'invention concerne encore, sous un autre aspect, un procédé de fabrication d'une boîte collectrice telle que définie précédemment, qui comprend les opérations suivantes :

  1. a) réaliser une plaque collectrice obtenue par emboutissage comportant des ouvertures de réception de tubes et présentant une face intérieure plane ainsi qu'une face extérieure à partir de laquelle s'étendent des collets entourant totalement les ouvertures de réception des tubes, la plaque collectrice comportant en outre des organes de sertissage ;
  2. b) réaliser une plaque de distribution comportant une face intérieure plane apte à venir en contact avec la face intérieure de la plaque collectrice et délimitant des chambres pouvant communiquer avec les tubes, la plaque de distribution pouvant en même temps servir de butée pour les tubes ;
  3. c) réaliser un couvercle apte à fermer les chambres de la plaque de distribution ;
  4. d) accoler la plaque de distribution à la plaque collectrice et accoler le couvercle à la plaque de distribution pour fermer les chambres de la plaque collectrice ; et
  5. e) sertir le couvercle sur la plaque collectrice au moyen des organes de sertissage de la plaque collectrice, en enfermant la plaque de distribution.
The invention further relates, in another aspect, to a method of manufacturing a collecting box as defined above, which comprises the following operations:
  1. a) producing a stamped collector plate having tube receiving apertures and having a planar inner face and an outer face from which collars completely surrounding the tube receiving apertures extend, the collector plate comprising furthermore crimping members;
  2. b) providing a distribution plate having a flat inner face adapted to come into contact with the inner face of the header plate and defining chambers that can communicate with the tubes, the distribution plate can at the same time serve as a stop for the tubes;
  3. c) make a lid adapted to close the chambers of the distribution plate;
  4. d) attaching the distribution plate to the header plate and attaching the cover to the distribution plate to close the chambers of the header plate; and
  5. e) crimping the cover on the header plate by means of the crimping members of the header plate, enclosing the distribution plate.

Dans la description qui suit, faite seulement à titre d'exemples, on se réfère aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un échangeur de chaleur, dans l'exemple un évaporateur pour circuit de climatisation, comportant un faisceau de tubes monté entre deux boîtes collectrices selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en perspective éclatée de l'échangeur de chaleur de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une demi-vue en coupe transversale partielle d'une des boîtes collectrices de l'échangeur de chaleur des figures 1 et 2 ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue partielle en coupe selon la ligne IV-IV de la figure 3, sans le couvercle ; et
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un tube de l'échangeur de chaleur des figures 1 et 2.
In the description which follows, given only by way of example, reference is made to the appended drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger, in the example an evaporator for air conditioning circuit, comprising a tube bundle mounted between two manifolds according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of the heat exchanger of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a partial partial cross-sectional view of one of the manifolds of the heat exchanger of Figures 1 and 2;
  • Figure 4 is a partial sectional view along line IV-IV of Figure 3, without the cover; and
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a tube of the heat exchanger of Figures 1 and 2.

On se réfère d'abord à la figure 1 qui montre un échangeur de chaleur 10 comportant un faisceau 12 monté entre une boîte collectrice supérieure 14 et une boîte collectrice inférieure 16, l'échangeur de chaleur étant considéré en position verticale.Referring first to Figure 1 which shows a heat exchanger 10 having a beam 12 mounted between an upper manifold 14 and a lower manifold 16, the heat exchanger is considered in a vertical position.

Le faisceau 12 est composé de deux rangées de tubes 18 (dont une seule est visible sur la figure 1) et d'intercalaires ondulés 20 communs aux deux rangées de tubes. La boîte collectrice 14 est munie de deux tubulures 22 et 24 servant respectivement à l'admission et l'évacuation d'un fluide parcourant les tubes du faisceau.The beam 12 is composed of two rows of tubes 18 (only one of which is visible in FIG. 1) and corrugated inserts 20 common to both rows of tubes. The manifold 14 is provided with two pipes 22 and 24 respectively for the admission and evacuation of a fluid passing through the tubes of the bundle.

Dans l'exemple, l'échangeur de chaleur 10 est réalisé sous la forme d'un évaporateur propre à être parcouru par un fluide réfrigérant fonctionnant à l'état supercritique, en particulier du CO2, dont la pression peut atteindre des valeurs de l'ordre de 100 à 150 bars. Ce fluide échange de la chaleur avec un flux d'air qui balaye le faisceau de tubes pour produire un flux d'air climatisé, en particulier dans un véhicule automobile.In the example, the heat exchanger 10 is in the form of an evaporator capable of being traversed by a refrigerant fluid operating in the supercritical state, in particular CO 2 , the pressure of which can reach values of order of 100 to 150 bar. This fluid exchanges heat with a flow of air that scans the tube bundle to produce a flow of air conditioning, especially in a motor vehicle.

On se réfère maintenant à la figure 2 qui représente une vue éclatée de l'échangeur de chaleur de la figure 1. On voit que la boîte collectrice 14 comporte une plaque collectrice 26 munie d'ouvertures 28 de réception des tubes du faisceau. Les ouvertures 28 sont de forme allongée et disposées suivant deux rangées en correspondance des deux rangées de tubes.Referring now to Figure 2 which shows an exploded view of the heat exchanger of Figure 1. It is seen that the manifold 14 has a manifold plate 26 provided with openings 28 for receiving the tubes of the beam. The openings 28 are of elongate shape and arranged in two rows corresponding to the two rows of tubes.

La plaque collectrice 26 est de forme générale rectangulaire et elle comporte, le long de ses deux grands côtés, des organes de sertissage 30. Elle comporte un prolongement 32 dans lequel sont aménagés des orifices 34 et 36 pour le montage respectif des tubulures 22 et 24.The collecting plate 26 is generally rectangular in shape and comprises, along its two long sides, crimping members 30. It comprises a extension 32 in which are provided openings 34 and 36 for the respective mounting of the tubes 22 and 24.

Au-dessus de la plaque collectrice 26, est placée une plaque de distribution 38 comportant deux rangées de fentes 40 communiquant chacune avec un tube 18 et une rangée de fentes 42 de plus grande largeur qui communiquent chacune avec deux tubes adjacents appartenant aux deux rangées du faisceau. Les fentes 40 et 42 contribuent à définir des chambres qui permettent la distribution du fluide et sa circulation dans les tubes du faisceau selon un parcours défini.Above the manifold plate 26, is placed a distribution plate 38 having two rows of slots 40 each communicating with a tube 18 and a row of slots 42 of greater width which each communicate with two adjacent tubes belonging to the two rows of the beam. Slots 40 and 42 contribute to defining chambers which allow the distribution of the fluid and its circulation in the tubes of the bundle along a defined path.

Au-dessus de la plaque de distribution 38 est placé un couvercle 44 destiné à être maintenu contre la plaque collectrice, en emprisonnant la plaque de distribution 38, sous l'action des organes de sertissage 30.Above the distribution plate 38 is placed a cover 44 intended to be held against the collector plate, trapping the distribution plate 38, under the action of the crimping members 30.

La boîte collectrice inférieure 16 est réalisée d'une manière similaire, sauf qu'elle ne comporte pas de prolongement. Elle se compose d'une plaque collectrice 46, d'une plaque de distribution 48 et d'un couvercle 50. On remarque que la plaque de distribution 48 comporte deux rangées de fentes 52 communiquant chacune avec un tube du faisceau à sa partie inférieure.The lower manifold 16 is made in a similar manner except that it has no extension. It consists of a header plate 46, a distribution plate 48 and a cover 50. Note that the distribution plate 48 has two rows of slots 52 each communicating with a tube of the beam at its lower part.

On se réfère maintenant à la figure 3 qui représente une demi-vue en coupe transversale de la boîte collectrice 14 par rapport à un plan de symétrie P. Il faut donc imaginer que la boîte collectrice comporte une partie symétrique à droite du plan de symétrie P.Referring now to Figure 3 which shows a half-view in cross section of the manifold 14 relative to a plane of symmetry P. We must imagine that the manifold has a symmetrical portion to the right of the plane of symmetry P .

On retrouve sur la figure 3 la plaque collectrice 26, la plaque de distribution 38 et le couvercle 44. La plaque collectrice 26 est une plaque emboutie présentant une face intérieure plane 54 pour la réception de la plaque de distribution 38 et une face extérieure 56 à partir de laquelle s'étendent des collets 58 entourant respectivement les ouvertures 28 de réception des tubes.FIG. 3 shows the collecting plate 26, the distribution plate 38 and the cover 44. The collecting plate 26 is a stamped plate having a planar inner face 54 for receiving the distribution plate 38 and an outer face 56 for from which extend collars 58 respectively surrounding the openings 28 for receiving the tubes.

Chacun des collets 58 comporte un chanfrein 59 enveloppe 1 a totalité du tube 18 qu'il reçoit et comporte en outre un chanfrein 59 orienté pour favoriser l'introduction du tube.Each of the collars 58 has a chamfer 59 envelopes 1 all of the tube 18 that it receives and further comprises a chamfer 59 oriented to promote the introduction of the tube.

Dans l'exemple montré, la face extérieure 56 est dirigée vers le bas et les collets 58 sont également dirigés vers le bas. Ces collets sont donc disposés suivant deux rangées en correspondance des deux rangées d'ouvertures 28. Dans l'exemple, les collets et les ouvertures ont une section générale rectangulaire pour permettre la réception de tubes plats 18 ayant une section externe homologue, comme on le verra plus loin en référence à la figure 5.In the example shown, the outer face 56 is directed downwards and the collars 58 are also directed downwards. These collars are thus arranged in two rows corresponding to the two rows of openings 28. In the example, the collars and the openings have a rectangular general section to allow the reception of flat tubes 18 having a homologous external section, as it is will be seen later with reference to FIG.

La plaque collectrice 26 possède une épaisseur E donnée, délimitée entre sa face intérieure 54 et sa face extérieure 56, et chacun des collets 58 s'étend sur une hauteur H, à partir de la face extérieure, qui est supérieure à l'épaisseur E de la plaque collectrice (voir figure 4). A titre d'exemple, l'épaisseur E peut être de l'ordre de 1 à 2 mm et la hauteur H au moins égale à cette valeur.The collecting plate 26 has a given thickness E delimited between its inner face 54 and its outer face 56, and each of the collars 58 extends over a height H, from the outer face, which is greater than the thickness E the collector plate (see Figure 4). For example, the thickness E may be of the order of 1 to 2 mm and the height H at least equal to this value.

Les organes de sertissage 30 sont, comme déjà indiqué, formés le long des deux grands côtés de la plaque collectrice 26. Ils sont réalisés sous la forme d'un bord replié, en forme de créneau, comportant un certain nombre de pattes ou dents 60 (figure 3). Ces patte apparaissent aussi à l'état replié sur la figure 1 et à l'état non replié sur la figure 2.The crimping members 30 are, as already indicated, formed along the two long sides of the collecting plate 26. They are in the form of a folded, slot-shaped edge with a number of tabs or teeth 60 (Figure 3). These tabs also appear in the folded state in FIG. 1 and in the unfolded state in FIG. 2.

La plaque de distribution 38 comporte une face intérieure plane 62 apte à venir en contact avec la face intérieure plane 54 de la plaque collectrice et une face extérieure 64 généralement plane, opposée, apte à recevoir le couvercle 44. La plaque de distribution 38 possède une épaisseur E' donnée, délimitée entre sa face extérieure 64 et sa face intérieure 62, qui est sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur E de la plaque collectrice (figure 4).The distribution plate 38 has a flat inner face 62 adapted to come into contact with the flat inner face 54 of the header plate and an outer face 64 generally flat, opposite, adapted to receive the cover 44. The distribution plate 38 has a thickness E ' given, delimited between its outer face 64 and its inner face 62, which is substantially equal to the thickness E of the header plate (Figure 4).

Dans l'épaisseur de la plaque de distribution, sont aménagées les fentes 40 et 42 précitées. Sur la figure 3 on aperçoit la moitié de l'une des fentes, en l'espèce une fente 42 qui communique avec deux tubes adjacents appartenant respectivement aux deux rangées de tubes du faisceau.
La plaque de distribution 38 forme en même temps butée d'introduction pour les tubes comme on le voit sur la figure 3. Il en résulte que les extrémités respectives des tubes ne peuvent dépasser le plan défini par la face intérieure 54 de la plaque collectrice.In the thickness of the distribution plate, are arranged the slots 40 and 42 above. In Figure 3 we see half of one of the slots, in this case a slot 42 which communicates with two adjacent tubes respectively belonging to the two rows of tubes of the beam.
At the same time, the distribution plate 38 forms an insertion stop for the tubes as can be seen in FIG. 3. As a result, the respective ends of the tubes can not exceed the plane defined by the inner face 54 of the collector plate.

Le couvercle 44 est réalisé ici sous la forme d'une pièce emboutie comportant un bord périphérique 66 (figure 3) pour l'appui des organes de sertissage 30. En variante le couvercle pourrait aussi être réalisé sous la forme d'une pièce extrudée ou forgée ou usinée. Ainsi lorsque les pattes 60 sont repliées, elles maintiennent en appui le couvercle en direction de la plaque collectrice en emprisonnant la plaque de distribution. Le couvercle 44 comporte, comme vu sur la demi-coupe de la figure 3, une série de bossages 68, au nombre de six suivant la largeur, trois de ces bossages apparaissent donc sur la demi-coupe de la figure 3. Ces bossages 68 délimitent respectivement des chambres 70 communiquant avec les chambres de la plaque de distribution (c'est-à-dire les fentes 40 et 42 de cette dernière).The cover 44 is made here in the form of a stamped part having a peripheral edge 66 (FIG. 3) for supporting the crimping members 30. In a variant, the cover could also be made in the form of an extruded part or forged or machined. Thus when the tabs 60 are folded, they hold the lid in the direction of the header plate by trapping the distribution plate. The lid 44 comprises, as seen on the half-section of Figure 3, a series of bosses 68, six in number along the width, three of these bosses appear on the half-section of Figure 3. These bosses 68 respectively delimit chambers 70 communicating with the chambers of the distribution plate (that is to say the slots 40 and 42 of the latter).

Le couvercle 44 est formé d'une pluralité d'arches ou jambages présentant les mêmes formes et dimensions. Comme cela est visible sur la figure 3, les arches situées le long d'un grand côté du collecteur présentent les mêmes formes et dimensions que les autres arches mais à laquelle, sur sa face externe, a été ajouté un pied de matière dont la hauteur est supérieur à la hauteur des chambres 70. Ce pied de matière permet d'offrir une plus grande surface pour le sertissage et le contact entre le couvercle 44, la plaque de distribution 38 et la plaque collectrice 26 de sorte que ce sertissage, destiné à assembler et fixer lesdits éléments 26, 38 et 44, est particulièrement robuste et efficace.The cover 44 is formed of a plurality of arches or jambs having the same shapes and dimensions. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the arches located along a large side of the collector have the same shapes and dimensions as the other arches but to which, on its outer face, was added a foot of material whose height is greater than the height of the chambers 70. This foot of material provides a larger surface for crimping and contact between the cover 44, the plate of distribution 38 and the manifold plate 26 so that this crimping, intended to assemble and fix said elements 26, 38 and 44, is particularly robust and effective.

Ainsi, les pattes ou dents de sertissage 60, une fois serties ou mises en place sur le bord périphérique 66 du couvercle 44, s'étendent au-delà des chambres 70 de sorte que les extrémités de la plaque collectrice 26 présentent un profil en C encadrant ou enfermant la plaque de distribution 38 et les chambres 70 formées par le couvercle 44. De la sorte, l'ensemble formé par la plaque collectrice 26, la plaque de distribution 38 et le couvercle 44 forme un tout compact et résistant.Thus, the crimping tabs or teeth 60, once crimped or placed on the peripheral edge 66 of the cover 44, extend beyond the chambers 70 so that the ends of the collector plate 26 have a C-shaped profile. framing or enclosing the distribution plate 38 and the chambers 70 formed by the cover 44. In this way, the assembly formed by the header plate 26, the distribution plate 38 and the cover 44 forms a compact and resistant whole.

Par ailleurs, les pattes ou dents 60 serties sur le couvercle 44 présentent une surface plane intérieure en contact avec la surface plane extérieure du bord périphérique 66 de sorte que lesdits pattes 60 s'étendent parallèlement à la plaque de distribution et au plan inférieure, défini par la surface intérieure plane 54, de la plaque collectrice 26. Ainsi, les pattes 60 opèrent une force, plan sur plan, perpendiculaire aux susdits plans parallèles d'extension du couvercle 44 et de la plaque de distribution 38 de sorte que l'ensemble formé de la plaque collectrice 26, de la plaque de distribution 38 et du couvercle 44 est extrêmement résistant et solide.On the other hand, the tabs or teeth 60 crimped onto the cover 44 have an inner planar surface in contact with the outer flat surface of the peripheral edge 66 so that said tabs 60 extend parallel to the distribution plate and to the defined lower plane. by the flat inner surface 54 of the header plate 26. Thus, the tabs 60 operate a force, plane to plane, perpendicular to the aforesaid parallel planes of extension of the cover 44 and the distribution plate 38 so that the assembly formed of the manifold plate 26, the distribution plate 38 and the cover 44 is extremely strong and strong.

Ces bossages sont convenablement disposés pour permettre au fluide réfrigérant de pénétrer à l'intérieur de la boîte collectrice 14 via la tubulure 22, de circuler ensuite dans les tubes du faisceau entre la boîte collectrice 14 et la boîte collectrice 16 puis de quitter l'échangeur par la tubulure de sortie 24. La manière dont la circulation du fluide s'effectue dans le faisceau ne sera pas décrite en détail, s'agissant d'une disposition en elle-même connue de l'homme du métier.These bosses are suitably arranged to allow the refrigerant fluid to penetrate inside the manifold 14 via the manifold 22, then circulate in the tubes of the bundle between the manifold 14 and the manifold 16 and leave the exchanger over there The way in which the circulation of the fluid takes place in the bundle will not be described in detail, as it is a provision in itself known to those skilled in the art.

Comme on le voit sur les figures 1 à 3, le couvercle 44 présente une forme générale rectangulaire, les bossages 68 s'étendant dans la direction de la longueur du couvercle. Comme déjà indiqué, le couvercle comporte une pluralité de bossages 68 dans la direction de la largeur. Dans l'exemple représenté, six bossages sont présents dans la direction de la largeur.As seen in Figures 1 to 3, the cover 44 has a generally rectangular shape, the bosses 68 extending in the direction of the length of the cover. As already indicated, the cover has a plurality of bosses 68 in the width direction. In the example shown, six bosses are present in the direction of the width.

Les composants de la boîte collectrice (plaque collectrice 26, plaque de distribution 38 et couvercle 44) sont réalisés chacun à partir d'un matériau métallique, de préférence en alliage d'aluminium, avec une épaisseur suffisante pour résister aux pressions importantes du fluide réfrigérant. Le fait de réaliser plusieurs bossages permet de former des chambres 70 de petit volume limitant l'effet de la pression du fluide sur les composants de la plaque collectrice.The components of the manifold (manifold plate 26, distribution plate 38 and cover 44) are each made from a metallic material, preferably aluminum alloy, with a thickness sufficient to withstand the high pressures of the coolant . The fact of making several bosses makes it possible to form chambers 70 of small volume limiting the effect of the pressure of the fluid on the components of the header plate.

Ces composants sont destinés à être assemblés par brasage une fois un assemblage provisoire obtenu par sertissage. Il est donc nécessaire de prévoir un placage de brasure.These components are intended to be assembled by soldering once a provisional assembly obtained by crimping. It is therefore necessary to provide a braze plating.

Pour cela, on prévoit un placage de brasure 72 sur la face intérieure 54 de la plaque collectrice, comme on le voit sur la figure 4. Il est avantageux en outre de prévoir un placage de brasure à l'interface entre la plaque de distribution et le couvercle. Ce placage peut être placé au choix soit sur la face extérieure 64 de la plaque de distribution 38, soit sur la face intérieure 74 du couvercle 44 qui est appliqué contre la plaque de distribution.For this purpose, solder plating 72 is provided on the inside face 54 of the collector plate, as can be seen in FIG. 4. It is furthermore advantageous to provide solder plating at the interface between the distribution plate and lid. This veneer may be placed either on the outer face 64 of the distribution plate 38, or on the inner face 74 of the cover 44 which is applied against the distribution plate.

Le procédé de fabrication de la boîte collectrice 14 comprend essentiellement les opérations suivantes :

  1. a) réaliser une plaque collectrice 26 telle que définie précédemment ;
  2. b) réaliser une plaque de distribution 38 telle que définie précédemment ;
  3. c) réaliser un couvercle 44 apte à fermer les chambres de la plaque de distribution ;
  4. d) accoler la plaque de distribution 38 à la plaque collectrice 26 et accoler le couvercle 44 à la plaque de distribution 38 pour fermer les chambres de la plaque de distribution; et
  5. e) sertir le couvercle 14 sur la plaque collectrice 26 au moyen des organes de sertissage 30, en enfermant la plaque de distribution.
The method of manufacturing the header box 14 essentially comprises the following operations:
  1. a) producing a collector plate 26 as defined above;
  2. b) make a distribution plate 38 as defined above;
  3. c) make a cover 44 adapted to close the chambers of the distribution plate;
  4. d) attaching the distribution plate 38 to the header plate 26 and attaching the cover 44 to the distribution plate 38 to close the chambers of the distribution plate; and
  5. e) crimping the cover 14 on the header plate 26 by means of the crimping members 30, enclosing the distribution plate.

Une fois la boîte collectrice ainsi assemblée, l'ensemble de l'échangeur de chaleur peut être assemblé. Les composants du faisceau 12 (tubes et intercalaires) sont disposés les uns contre les autres et les extrémités des tubes sont placées, d'un côté, dans les ouvertures de la boîte collectrice 14 et, du côté opposé, dans les ouvertures de la boîte collectrice 16.Once the manifold thus assembled, the entire heat exchanger can be assembled. The components of the bundle 12 (tubes and spacers) are arranged against each other and the ends of the tubes are placed, on one side, in the openings of the manifold 14 and, on the opposite side, in the openings of the box collector 16.

L'ensemble de l'échangeur de chaleur peut être ensuite brasé, en une seule opération, par passage dans un four de brasage approprié.The entire heat exchanger can then be brazed, in a single operation, by passing through a suitable brazing furnace.

Lors du brasage, le placage de brasure 72 provenant de la face intérieure de la plaque collectrice vient assurer une liaison entre la plaque collectrice et la plaque de distribution et une liaison entre les tubes et les collets. Par ailleurs, une liaison est assurée entre la plaque de distribution et le couvercle grâce au placage de brasure prévu à leur interface.During brazing, solder plating 72 from the inner face of the header plate provides a connection between the header plate and the distribution plate and a connection between the tubes and the collars. Moreover, a connection is ensured between the plate of distribution and the lid thanks to the solder plating provided at their interface.

Il est possible, en variante, de braser les boîtes collectrices séparément avant de les assembler au faisceau et d'effectuer un brasage de l'ensemble de l'échangeur.It is possible, in a variant, to solder the manifolds separately before assembling them to the bundle and brazing the entire heat exchanger.

On se réfère maintenant à la figure 5 qui montre, en vue en coupe transversale, un tube 18 du faisceau. On voit que ce tube possède une forme générale rectangulaire avec deux grandes faces 76 parallèles et deux petites faces opposées 78. Le tube comporte une pluralité de canaux parallèles 80 et est avantageusement réalisé par extrusion.Referring now to Figure 5 which shows, in cross-sectional view, a tube 18 of the beam. It can be seen that this tube has a generally rectangular shape with two large parallel faces 76 and two small opposite faces 78. The tube comprises a plurality of parallel channels 80 and is advantageously made by extrusion.

La boîte collectrice 16 est réalisée d'une façon analogue à la boîte collectrice 14, sauf qu'elle ne comporte pas de prolongement pour le montage de tubulure d'entrée et de sortie de fluide.The manifold 16 is made in a similar manner to the manifold 14, except that it does not have an extension for mounting fluid inlet and outlet tubing.

La boîte collectrice de l'invention est susceptible de nombreuses variantes de réalisation. Elle trouve une application principale aux échangeurs de chaleur parcourus par un fluide réfrigérant sous haute pression, en particulier aux évaporateurs de climatisation parcourus par un fluide à l'état supercritique comme le CO2, tels que ceux destinés aux véhicules automobiles.The manifold of the invention is capable of many variants. It finds a main application to heat exchangers traversed by a high-pressure refrigerant, in particular to air-conditioning evaporators traversed by a fluid in the supercritical state such as CO 2 , such as those intended for motor vehicles.

Claims (19)

Boîte collectrice d'échangeur de chaleur, comprenant une plaque collectrice (26) munie d'ouvertures (28) pour l'insertion de tubes (18) d'échange de chaleur, une plaque de distribution (38) accolée à la plaque collectrice (26) et délimitant des chambres (40, 42) communiquant avec les tubes, et un couvercle (44) pour fermer les chambres de la plaque de distribution,
caractérisée en ce que la plaque collectrice (26) est une plaque emboutie présentant une face intérieure plane (54) pour la réception de la plaque de distribution (38), et en ce que la plaque de distribution (38) comporte une face intérieure plane (62) apte à venir en contact avec la face intérieure (54) de la plaque collectrice (26) en formant butée d'introduction pour les tubes (18).Heat exchanger collector box, comprising a collecting plate (26) provided with openings (28) for the insertion of heat exchange tubes (18), a distribution plate (38) contiguous to the collector plate ( 26) and delimiting chambers (40, 42) communicating with the tubes, and a cover (44) for closing the chambers of the distribution plate,
characterized in that the header plate (26) is a stamped plate having a flat inner face (54) for receiving the distribution plate (38), and in that the distribution plate (38) has a planar inner face (62) adapted to come into contact with the inner face (54) of the header plate (26) as an insertion stop for the tubes (18). Boîte collectrice selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la plaque collectrice (26) présente une face extérieure (56) à partir de laquelle s'étendent des collets (58) pour la réception des tubes (18).A header according to claim 1, characterized in that the header plate (26) has an outer face (56) from which flanges (58) extend for receiving the tubes (18). Boîte collectrice selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que chacun des collets (58) enveloppe la totalité de la périphérie du tube (18) qu'il reçoit et comporte un chanfrein (59) favorisant l'introduction du tube (18).Collector box according to claim 2, characterized in that each of the collars (58) envelops the entire periphery of the tube (18) that it receives and comprises a chamfer (59) promoting the introduction of the tube (18). Boîte collectrice selon l'une des revendications 2 et 3, caractérisée en ce que la plaque collectrice (26) possède une épaisseur (E) donnée, délimitée entre la face intérieure (54) et la face extérieure (56), et en ce que chacun des collets (58) s'étend sur une hauteur (H) à partir de la face intérieure (54) qui est supérieure à l'épaisseur (E) de la plaque collectrice.Collector box according to one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the collector plate (26) has a given thickness (E) delimited between the inner face (54) and the outer face (56), and in that each of the collars (58) extends over a height (H) from the inner face (54) which is greater than the thickness (E) of the collector plate. Boîte collectrice selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisée en ce que les ouvertures (28) et les collets (58) de la plaque collectrice (26) ont des sections internes de forme généralement rectangulaire pour la réception de tubes plats (18) de section externe homologue.Collector box according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the openings (28) and collars (58) of the collector plate (26) have internal sections of generally rectangular shape for receiving flat tubes (18). ) of homologous external section. Boîte collectrice selon l'une des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisée en ce que la plaque collectrice (26) comprend deux rangées d'ouvertures (28) et de collets (58) pour la réception de deux rangées de tubes (18).Slip box according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the header plate (26) comprises two rows of openings (28) and flanges (58) for receiving two rows of tubes (18). Boîte collectrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que des organes de sertissage (30) sont issus de la plaque collectrice (26) pour prendre appui sur le couvercle (44) en enserrant la plaque de distribution (38) en vue d'un assemblage par brasage.Collector box according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that crimping members (30) are derived from the collector plate (26) to bear on the cover (44) by clamping the distribution plate (38). for solder assembly. Boîte collectrice selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que les organes de sertissage (30) de la plaque collectrice (26) comprennent des pattes repliables espacées (60).A header according to claim 7, characterized in that the crimping members (30) of the header plate (26) comprise spaced foldable lugs (60). Boîte collectrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que la plaque de distribution (38) comporte une face extérieure (64) généralement plane opposée à la face intérieure (62) et apte à recevoir le couvercle (44).Slip box according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the distribution plate (38) has a generally flat outer face (64) opposite to the inner face (62) and adapted to receive the cover (44). Boîte collectrice selon la revendication 9, prise en combinaison avec la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que la plaque de distribution (38) possède une épaisseur (E') donnée, délimitée entre sa face extérieure (64) et sa face intérieure (62), qui est sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur (E) de la plaque collectrice (26).A header according to claim 9, taken in combination with claim 4, characterized in that the distribution plate (38) has a given thickness (E ') delimited between its outer face (64) and its inner face (62). which is substantially equal to the thickness (E) of the header plate (26). Boîte collectrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que le couvercle (44) est réalisé sous la forme d'une pièce emboutie ou extrudée ou forgée ou usinée comportant un bord périphérique (66) pour l'appui des organes de sertissage (30) et des bossages (68) délimitant des chambres (70) communiquant avec les chambres (40, 42) de la plaque de distribution (38) pour assurer la circulation d'un fluide entre les tubes (18) selon un parcours choisi.Slip box according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the cover (44) is formed in the form of a stamped or extruded or forged or machined part having a peripheral edge (66) for supporting the crimping members (30) and bosses (68) delimiting chambers (70) communicating with the chambers (40). , 42) of the distribution plate (38) to ensure the circulation of a fluid between the tubes (18) in a selected path. Boîte collectrice selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que le couvercle (44) présente une forme générale rectangulaire, et en ce que les bossages (68) s'étendent dans la direction de la longueur du couvercle.A header according to claim 11, characterized in that the lid (44) has a generally rectangular shape, and that the bosses (68) extend in the direction of the length of the lid. Boîte collectrice selon la revendication 12, caractérisée en ce que le couvercle (44) comporte une pluralité de bossages (68) dans la direction de la largeur.A header according to claim 12, characterized in that the cover (44) has a plurality of bosses (68) in the width direction. Boîte collectrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un placage de brasure (72) sur la face interne (54) de la plaque collectrice (26).Collector box according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it comprises solder plating (72) on the inner face (54) of the collector plate (26). Boîte collectrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un placage de brasure à l'interface entre la plaque de distribution (38) et le couvercle (44).Collector box according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it comprises solder plating at the interface between the distribution plate (38) and the cover (44). Boîte collectrice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisée en ce que la plaque collectrice (26) est munie à une extrémité de deux orifices (34, 36) pour la réception de deux tubulures (22, 24) d'entrée et de sortie de fluide.Collector box according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the header plate (26) is provided at one end with two openings (34, 36) for receiving two inlet pipes (22, 24) and fluid outlet. Echangeur de chaleur comprenant un faisceau de tubes (18) et au moins une boîte collectrice (14, 16) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 16.Heat exchanger comprising a bundle of tubes (18) and at least one manifold (14, 16) according to one of claims 1 to 16. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce qu'il est réalisé sous la forme d'un évaporateur pour un circuit de climatisation parcouru par un fluide réfrigérant à haute pression, en particulier un fluide fonctionnant à l'état super-critique.Heat exchanger according to Claim 17, characterized in that it is in the form of an evaporator for an air conditioning circuit traversed by a high-pressure refrigerant, in particular a fluid operating in the supercritical state. Procédé de fabrication d'une boîte collectrice pour échangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 16, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les opérations suivantes : a) réaliser une plaque collectrice (26) obtenue par emboutissage comportant des ouvertures (28) de réception de tubes et présentant une face intérieure plane (54) ainsi qu'une face extérieure (56) à partir de laquelle s'étendent des collets (58) entourant totalement les ouvertures, la plaque collectrice (26) comportant en outre des organes de sertissage (30); b) réaliser une plaque de distribution (38) comportant une face intérieure plane (62) apte à venir en contact avec la face intérieure plane (54) de la plaque collectrice (26) et délimitant des chambres (40, 42) pouvant communiquer avec les tubes (18), la plaque de distribution pouvant en même temps servir de butée pour l'introduction des tubes ; c) réaliser un couvercle (44) apte à fermer les chambres de la plaque de distribution (38) ; d) accoler la plaque de distribution (38) à la plaque collectrice (26) et accoler le couvercle (44) à la plaque de distribution (38) pour fermer les chambres de la plaque de distribution ; et e) sertir le couvercle (44) sur la plaque collectrice (26) au moyen des organes de sertissage (30) de la plaque collectrice, en enfermant la plaque de distribution (38). Process for manufacturing a heat exchanger header box according to one of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that it comprises the following operations: a) producing a stamped collector plate (26) having tube receiving apertures (28) and having a planar inner face (54) and an outer face (56) from which flanges ( 58) completely surrounding the openings, the header plate (26) further comprising crimping members (30); b) providing a distribution plate (38) having a flat inner face (62) adapted to come into contact with the flat inner face (54) of the header plate (26) and delimiting chambers (40, 42) which can communicate with the tubes (18), the distribution plate being able at the same time to serve as a stop for the introduction of the tubes; c) providing a cover (44) adapted to close the chambers of the distribution plate (38); d) attaching the distribution plate (38) to the header plate (26) and attaching the cover (44) to the distribution plate (38) to close the chambers of the distribution plate; and e) crimping the cover (44) on the header plate (26) by means of the crimping members (30) of the header plate, enclosing the distribution plate (38).
EP06122903A 2005-10-28 2006-10-25 Header box for heat exchanger Withdrawn EP1780489A1 (en)

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FR0511133A FR2892804B1 (en) 2005-10-28 2005-10-28 COLLECTOR BOX FOR HEAT EXCHANGER, PARTICULARLY FOR AIR CONDITIONING EVAPORATOR, EXCHANGER COMPRISING SUCH BOX AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

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FR2947332A1 (en) * 2009-06-25 2010-12-31 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Collector box for heat exchanger for air-conditioning installations of motor vehicle, has additional element with opening opened in chambers defined between lid and additional element to create bridge along intermediate longitudinal support
WO2012000844A1 (en) * 2010-06-30 2012-01-05 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Heat exchanger manifold and a heat exchanger equipped with such a manifold
WO2012043565A1 (en) * 2010-09-29 2012-04-05 ダイキン工業株式会社 Heat exchanger
FR3034184A1 (en) * 2015-03-27 2016-09-30 Valeo Systemes Thermiques COLLECTOR BOX FOR THERMAL HEAT EXCHANGER WITH TUBE BEAM
EP3091324A1 (en) * 2015-05-06 2016-11-09 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Two piece manifold
CN109952478A (en) * 2016-10-26 2019-06-28 三菱电机株式会社 Distributor and heat exchanger

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FR2923902A1 (en) 2007-11-16 2009-05-22 Valeo Systemes Thermiques COLLECTOR BOX FOR IMPROVED HEAT EXCHANGER AND CORRESPONDING HEAT EXCHANGER

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FR3034184A1 (en) * 2015-03-27 2016-09-30 Valeo Systemes Thermiques COLLECTOR BOX FOR THERMAL HEAT EXCHANGER WITH TUBE BEAM
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EP3091324A1 (en) * 2015-05-06 2016-11-09 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Two piece manifold
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CN109952478A (en) * 2016-10-26 2019-06-28 三菱电机株式会社 Distributor and heat exchanger
CN109952478B (en) * 2016-10-26 2021-11-30 三菱电机株式会社 Distributor and heat exchanger

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