EP1780490B1 - Header box for heat exchanger - Google Patents

Header box for heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1780490B1
EP1780490B1 EP06123077A EP06123077A EP1780490B1 EP 1780490 B1 EP1780490 B1 EP 1780490B1 EP 06123077 A EP06123077 A EP 06123077A EP 06123077 A EP06123077 A EP 06123077A EP 1780490 B1 EP1780490 B1 EP 1780490B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
collector
heat exchanger
plate
sleeve
collar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP06123077A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1780490A1 (en
Inventor
Gaël LE DUC
Bruno Berthome
Olivier Bigot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Priority to EP08157536A priority Critical patent/EP2009383A1/en
Publication of EP1780490A1 publication Critical patent/EP1780490A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1780490B1 publication Critical patent/EP1780490B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0278—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of stacked distribution plates or perforated plates arranged over end plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05391—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits combined with a particular flow pattern, e.g. multi-row multi-stage radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • F28F9/0204—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions
    • F28F9/0214—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions having only longitudinal partitions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F28F9/0224—Header boxes formed by sealing end plates into covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0246—Arrangements for connecting header boxes with flow lines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0085—Evaporators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of heat exchangers and in particular to exchangers intended to be traversed by a fluid under high pressure.
  • the invention relates more particularly to air conditioning evaporators capable of being traversed by a refrigerant fluid in the supercritical state, as is the case with gases such as, for example, carbon dioxide or CO 2 .
  • gases such as, for example, carbon dioxide or CO 2 .
  • Such exchangers find particular application in motor vehicles.
  • Collection boxes generally obtained by brazing, which are designed to withstand such high pressures, are already known.
  • connection block is machined and is brazed to the manifold by an intermediate plate.
  • This block is adapted to receive the refrigerant inlet and outlet pipes.
  • This solution has the disadvantage of using a high weight block which can induce brazing problems.
  • the invention aims to improve the situation.
  • the invention proposes a heat exchanger collector box, comprising a collector plate and a cover.
  • the header plate is provided with receiving openings for insertion of heat exchange tubes and at least one fluid inlet / outlet opening.
  • the manifold box further comprises at least one sleeve having a retaining means, which sleeve is disposed in one of the inlet / outlet openings.
  • the retaining means cooperates with the manifold plate for holding the sleeve, the sleeve being adapted to receive a fluid inlet / outlet manifold.
  • the retaining means is sandwiched between the header plate and the cover.
  • Such a manifold is particularly advantageous in that the sleeve can be brazed with an optimum brazing surface on the collector plate by its collar. This makes it possible in particular to avoid the presence of plating on the sleeve and limits assembly problems.
  • the arrangement of the sleeve makes it possible to make the connection to the inlet / outlet pipes of fluid in the bulk of the header, in a direction substantially parallel to the heat exchange tubes.
  • the retaining means is a collar.
  • the header plate is stamped at the fluid inlet / outlet opening to form a housing of a shape homologous to that of the collar, and the collar of the sleeve is housed in this housing.
  • the housing has a depth substantially equal to the thickness of the collar.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to optimize the space occupied by the manifold and not to modify the interior arrangement thereof.
  • the manifold can have a distribution plate contiguous to the header plate, between it and the cover, and the sleeve can be housed between the header plate and the distribution plate.
  • the sleeve can be brazed with the manifold plate at its collar and the fluid inlet / outlet opening.
  • the sleeve can be made by stamping and the manifold can have two inlet / outlet openings.
  • the invention also relates to a heat exchanger comprising a bundle of tubes and at least one collector box as described above.
  • this exchanger is in the form of an evaporator for an air conditioning circuit traversed by a high-pressure refrigerant, in particular a fluid operating in the supercritical state.
  • FIG. 1 shows a heat exchanger 10 having a beam 12 mounted between an upper header box 14 and a lower manifold 16, the heat exchanger 10 being considered in a vertical position.
  • the beam 12 is composed of two rows of tubes 18 (only one of which is visible on the figure 1 ) and corrugated inserts common to the two rows of tubes (not shown on the figure 1 ).
  • the manifold 14 is provided with two tubes 22 and 24 serving respectively for the admission and the evacuation of the fluid passing through the tubes of the bundle 12.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is in the form of an evaporator capable of being traversed by a refrigerant fluid operating in the supercritical state, in particular CO 2 , the pressure of which can reach values of order of 100 to 150 bar.
  • This fluid exchanges heat with a flow of air that sweeps the tube bundle to produce a flow of air conditioning, especially in a motor vehicle.
  • the collecting box 14 comprises a collecting plate 26 provided with openings 28 for receiving the tubes of the bundle 12.
  • the openings 28 are of elongate shape and arranged in two rows corresponding to the two rows of tubes 18.
  • the collecting plate 26 is of generally rectangular shape and has, along its two long sides, edges 30 whose role will be specified below. It comprises an extension 32 in which openings 34 and 36 are arranged for the respective mounting of the tubes 22 and 24.
  • the orifices 34 and 36 are each bordered by a stamping 38 which is made towards the side of the collecting plate 26 which receives the beam 12.
  • the collecting plate 26 Above the collecting plate 26 are placed two sleeves 40 each comprising a retaining means (42), the retaining means being here a collar 42.
  • the sleeves and their collars 42 are made by stamping or machining.
  • the sleeves 40 are of substantially cylindrical shape and have an outer diameter substantially equal to that of the orifices 34 and 36. Their inner diameter is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the tubes 22 and 24.
  • the collar 42 has dimensions and a shape similar to those of the stamping 38, that is to say that the stamping 38 has a depth substantially equal to the thickness of the collar 42.
  • the stamping 38 is a housing for the collar 42 when the sleeve 40 is received in one of the orifices 34 or 36.
  • the respective dimensions of the housing 38 and the collar 42 cause the face of the manifold plate 26 which receives the sleeves appears flat.
  • the distribution plate 44 has two rows of slots 46 each communicating with a tube 18. These slots 40 contribute to define chambers that allow the distribution of the fluid and its circulation in the tubes of the beam according to a definite course.
  • the distribution plate 44 further comprises an extension 48 and two orifices 50 and 52 corresponding to the orifices 34 and 36 of the header plate 26.
  • the collars 42 are sandwiched between said collector plate 26 and said distribution plate (44).
  • the collar 42 is soldered to both the header plate (26) and the distribution plate 44.
  • cover 52 intended to be held against the header plate, which makes it possible to trap the distribution plate 44, in particular by brazing the edges 30 on the lateral edges of the cover 52.
  • cover 52 is made in the form of a plate (extruded or stamped) having a peripheral edge 54 brazed with the edge 30.
  • This cover further comprises a series of bosses 56, six in number, in the example shown along the width respectively defining chambers 58 communicating with the chambers of the distribution plate 44.
  • bosses are suitably arranged to allow the cooling fluid to penetrate inside the manifold 14 via the manifold 22, to then flow into the tubes 18 of the bundle 12 between the manifold 14 and the manifold 16 and then leaving the heat exchanger 10 through the outlet pipe 24.
  • the manner in which the circulation of the fluid takes place in the bundle will not be described in detail, in the case of a provision in itself known to those skilled in the art.
  • the manifold 16 is similar to the manifold 14 except that it has no extensions 32 and 48.
  • the manifold plate 26 has a brazing edge on the peripheral edge of the lid and the intermediate plate.
  • any other device for connecting these elements is conceivable by those skilled in the art.
  • the collector box components are made from a metal plate, preferably an aluminum alloy, with a thickness sufficient to withstand the high pressures of the refrigerant.
  • the bosses 56 make it possible to form the chambers 58 of restricted volume limiting the effect of the pressure of the fluid on the components of the collector plate 16.
  • edges 30 are of dimension intended to cover all the edges 54 of the cover 52.
  • the figure 4 is a partial sectional view of the figure 3 to show the distribution of solder veneers necessary for the good performance of the exchanger 10.
  • the tubing 22 has been shown in this figure to better specify this distribution.
  • the entire face of the header plate 26 which receives the sleeves and is covered by the distribution plate 44 and the cover 52 receives a solder plating 60.
  • This face will be described as an inner face.
  • This veneer makes it possible to bond the edge 30 to the edge 54 as well as to the edge of the distribution plate 44.
  • the housing 38 makes it possible to offer a larger brazing surface to the sleeve 40 by soldering not only along the periphery of the sleeve 40 in the orifices 32 and 34, but also on the contact surface of the collar 42 and of the latter.
  • the sleeves 40 are thus held in place very strongly and able to withstand the pressures of the coolant.
  • tubing 22 is disposed in the sleeve 40 without brazing and that the sleeve 40 generally is not covered with solder plating. Indeed, the brazing plating induces adverse effects for assembly with the pipes.
  • the pipes 22 and 24 may be connected to the sleeve 40 by a mechanical device or by brazing.
  • Another embodiment where the distribution plate is omitted, proposes a manifold in which the collar is sandwiched between a header plate and a cover.
  • the collar will be soldered to the header plate and said cover.
  • the manifold of the invention is capable of many other variants. It is in particular possible to distribute the sleeves and receiving ports of the inlet / outlet pipes on the two manifolds. It finds a main application to heat exchangers traversed by a high-pressure refrigerant, in particular to air-conditioning evaporators traversed by a fluid in the supercritical state such as CO 2 , such as those intended for motor vehicles.

Abstract

The box has a cover (52) and a collector plate (26) equipped with reception openings (28) for inserting heat exchanging tubes. A sleeve (40) is disposed in fluid inlet and outlet openings (34, 36) and comprises a collar (42). The collar is sandwiched between the collector plate and the cover and cooperates with the collector plate for maintaining the sleeve. Fluid inlet and outlet pipes are disposed in the sleeve.

Description

L'invention se rapporte au domaine des échangeurs de chaleur et notamment aux échangeurs destinés à être parcourus par un fluide sous haute pression.The invention relates to the field of heat exchangers and in particular to exchangers intended to be traversed by a fluid under high pressure.

A cet égard, l'invention se rapporte plus particulièrement aux évaporateurs de climatisation susceptibles d'être parcourus par un fluide réfrigérant à l'état supercritique, comme c'est le cas de gaz tels que, par exemple, le dioxyde de carbone ou CO2. De tels échangeurs trouvent une application particulière dans les véhicules automobiles.In this respect, the invention relates more particularly to air conditioning evaporators capable of being traversed by a refrigerant fluid in the supercritical state, as is the case with gases such as, for example, carbon dioxide or CO 2 . Such exchangers find particular application in motor vehicles.

On rappellera que, dans un circuit de climatisation parcouru par un fluide réfrigérant à l'état supercritique, ce fluide reste essentiellement à l'état gazeux et sous une pression très élevée qui est actuellement comprise entre 100 et 150 bars. Il en résulte que de tels échangeurs de chaleur, et notamment leurs boîtes collectrices, doivent pouvoir résister à de telles pressions élevées, les pressions d'éclatement préconisées étant généralement de trois fois la valeur de la pression nominale de fonctionnement. Ces exigences sont également étendues aux tubulures de raccordement d'entrée et de sortie du fluide réfrigérant.It will be recalled that, in an air conditioning circuit traversed by a refrigerant fluid in the supercritical state, this fluid remains essentially in the gaseous state and under a very high pressure which is presently between 100 and 150 bar. As a result, such heat exchangers, and in particular their manifolds, must be able to withstand such high pressures, the recommended burst pressures being generally three times the value of the nominal operating pressure. These requirements are also extended to the refrigerant inlet and outlet connection pipes.

On connaît déjà des boîtes collectrices, généralement obtenues par brasage, qui sont conçues pour résister à de telles pressions élevées.Collection boxes, generally obtained by brazing, which are designed to withstand such high pressures, are already known.

Dans une première solution, connue par US 2004/211551 , les tubulures d'entrée et de sortie sont directement insérées dans la boîte collectrice par des ouvertures réalisées dans celle-ci. Cette solution présente des problèmes importants de fuites.In a first solution, known by US 2004/211551 , the inlet and outlet pipes are directly inserted into the header by openings made therein. This solution presents significant problems of leaks.

Dans une seconde solution, connue par WO 02/066918 , un bloc de connexion est usiné et est brasé sur la boîte collectrice par une plaque intermédiaire. Ce bloc est propre à recevoir les tubulures d'entrée et de sortie de fluide réfrigérant. Cette solution présente l'inconvénient d'utiliser un bloc de poids élevé qui peut induire des problèmes de brasage.In a second solution, known by WO 02/066918 , a connection block is machined and is brazed to the manifold by an intermediate plate. This block is adapted to receive the refrigerant inlet and outlet pipes. This solution has the disadvantage of using a high weight block which can induce brazing problems.

D'autres solutions existent pour relier des tubulures d'entrée et de sortie de fluide réfrigérant à la boîte collectrice par une pièce intermédiaire, connues par exemple par WO 01/88445 , mais ces solutions ne sont pas adaptées pour supporter de très fortes pression telles que celles rencontrées dans les évaporateurs précités.Other solutions exist for connecting refrigerant inlet and outlet pipes to the header by an intermediate part, known for example by WO 01/88445 but these solutions are not adapted to withstand very high pressures such as those encountered in the aforementioned evaporators.

On connaît également le document WO 01/97807 , qui décrit le préambule de la revendication 1.The document is also known WO 01/97807 which describes the preamble of claim 1.

L'invention vise à améliorer la situation.The invention aims to improve the situation.

A cet effet, l'invention propose une boîte collectrice d'échangeur de chaleur, comprenant une plaque collectrice et un couvercle. La plaque collectrice est munie d'ouvertures de réception pour l'insertion de tubes d'échange de chaleur et d'au moins une ouverture d'entrée/sortie de fluide. La boite collectrice comporte en outre au moins un manchon comportant un moyen de retenue, lequel manchon est disposé dans une des ouvertures d'entrée/sortie. Le moyen de retenue coopère avec la plaque collectrice pour le maintien du manchon, le manchon étant propre à recevoir une tubulure d'entrée/sortie de fluide. Le moyen de retenue est pris en sandwich entre la plaque collectrice et le couvercle.For this purpose, the invention proposes a heat exchanger collector box, comprising a collector plate and a cover. The header plate is provided with receiving openings for insertion of heat exchange tubes and at least one fluid inlet / outlet opening. The manifold box further comprises at least one sleeve having a retaining means, which sleeve is disposed in one of the inlet / outlet openings. The retaining means cooperates with the manifold plate for holding the sleeve, the sleeve being adapted to receive a fluid inlet / outlet manifold. The retaining means is sandwiched between the header plate and the cover.

Une telle boîte collectrice est particulièrement avantageuse en ce que le manchon peut être brasé avec une surface de brasage optimale sur la plaque collectrice par son collet. Cela permet notamment d'éviter la présence de placage sur le manchon et limite les problèmes d'assemblage.Such a manifold is particularly advantageous in that the sleeve can be brazed with an optimum brazing surface on the collector plate by its collar. This makes it possible in particular to avoid the presence of plating on the sleeve and limits assembly problems.

D'autre part, la disposition du manchon permet de réaliser la connexion aux tubulures d'entrée/sortie de fluide dans l'encombrement de la boîte collectrice, dans une direction sensiblement parallèle aux tubes d'échange de chaleur.On the other hand, the arrangement of the sleeve makes it possible to make the connection to the inlet / outlet pipes of fluid in the bulk of the header, in a direction substantially parallel to the heat exchange tubes.

Un mode de réalisation prévoit que le moyen de retenue est un collet.One embodiment provides that the retaining means is a collar.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation, la plaque collectrice est emboutie au niveau de l'ouverture d'entrée/sortie de fluide pour former un logement de forme homologue de celle du collet, et le collet du manchon est logé dans ce logement.
Avantageusement, le logement a une profondeur sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur du collet.In another embodiment, the header plate is stamped at the fluid inlet / outlet opening to form a housing of a shape homologous to that of the collar, and the collar of the sleeve is housed in this housing.
Advantageously, the housing has a depth substantially equal to the thickness of the collar.

Ce mode de réalisation permet d'optimiser l'espace occupé par la boîte collectrice et de ne pas modifier l'agencement intérieur de celle-ci.This embodiment makes it possible to optimize the space occupied by the manifold and not to modify the interior arrangement thereof.

La boîte collectrice peut comporter une plaque de distribution accolée à la plaque collectrice, entre celle-ci et le couvercle, et le manchon peut être logé entre la plaque collectrice et la plaque de distribution.The manifold can have a distribution plate contiguous to the header plate, between it and the cover, and the sleeve can be housed between the header plate and the distribution plate.

La manchon peut être brasé avec la plaque collectrice au niveau de son collet et de l'ouverture entrée/sortie de fluide.The sleeve can be brazed with the manifold plate at its collar and the fluid inlet / outlet opening.

Ces modes de réalisation sont particulièrement adaptés aux échangeurs de chaleur et plus particulièrement aux évaporateurs parcourus par des fluides réfrigérants à l'état supercritique.These embodiments are particularly suitable for heat exchangers and more particularly evaporators traversed by supercritical refrigerant fluids.

Enfin, le manchon peut être réalisé par emboutissage et la boîte collectrice peut comporter deux ouvertures d'entrée/sortie.Finally, the sleeve can be made by stamping and the manifold can have two inlet / outlet openings.

L'invention concerne également un échangeur de chaleur comprenant un faisceau de tubes et au moins une boîte collectrice telle que décrite précédemment.The invention also relates to a heat exchanger comprising a bundle of tubes and at least one collector box as described above.

Dans un mode de réalisation, cet échangeur est réalisé sous la forme d'un évaporateur pour un circuit de climatisation parcouru par un fluide réfrigérant à haute pression, en particulier un fluide fonctionnant à l'état supercritique.In one embodiment, this exchanger is in the form of an evaporator for an air conditioning circuit traversed by a high-pressure refrigerant, in particular a fluid operating in the supercritical state.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description, à titre d'exemples et non de limitation, tirés des dessins sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 montre une vue en perspective d'un échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 montre une vue partielle en perspective éclatée d'une boîte collectrice de l'échangeur de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 montre la boîte collectrice de la figure 2 une fois montée ; et
  • la figure 4 montre une vue en coupe schématique de la boîte collectrice de la figure 3.
Other advantages and features of the invention will appear better on reading the description, by way of examples and not of limitation, taken from the drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 shows a perspective view of a heat exchanger according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 shows a partial perspective exploded view of a collector box of the exchanger of the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 shows the collector box of the figure 2 once mounted; and
  • the figure 4 shows a schematic sectional view of the collector box of the figure 3 .

On se réfère d'abord à la figure 1 qui montre un échangeur de chaleur 10 comportant un faisceau 12 monté entre une boîte collectrice supérieure 14 et une boîte collectrice inférieure 16, l'échangeur de chaleur 10 étant considéré en position verticale.We first refer to the figure 1 which shows a heat exchanger 10 having a beam 12 mounted between an upper header box 14 and a lower manifold 16, the heat exchanger 10 being considered in a vertical position.

Le faisceau 12 est composé de deux rangées de tubes 18 (dont une seule est visible sur la figure 1) et d'intercalaires ondulés communs aux deux rangées de tube (non représentés sur la figure 1). La boîte collectrice 14 est munie de deux tubulures 22 et 24 servant respectivement à l'admission et à l'évacuation du fluide parcourant les tubes du faisceau 12.The beam 12 is composed of two rows of tubes 18 (only one of which is visible on the figure 1 ) and corrugated inserts common to the two rows of tubes (not shown on the figure 1 ). The manifold 14 is provided with two tubes 22 and 24 serving respectively for the admission and the evacuation of the fluid passing through the tubes of the bundle 12.

Dans l'exemple, l'échangeur de chaleur 10 est réalisé sous la forme d'un évaporateur propre à être parcouru par un fluide réfrigérant fonctionnant à l'état supercritique, en particulier du CO2, dont la pression peut atteindre des valeurs de l'ordre de 100 à 150 bars. Ce fluide échange de la chaleur avec un flux d'air qui balaie le faisceau de tubes pour produire un flux d'air climatisé, en particulier dans un véhicule automobile.In the example, the heat exchanger 10 is in the form of an evaporator capable of being traversed by a refrigerant fluid operating in the supercritical state, in particular CO 2 , the pressure of which can reach values of order of 100 to 150 bar. This fluid exchanges heat with a flow of air that sweeps the tube bundle to produce a flow of air conditioning, especially in a motor vehicle.

On se réfère maintenant à la figure 2 qui représente une vue éclatée d'une partie de l'échangeur de la figure 1. On voit que la boîte collectrice 14 comporte une plaque collectrice 26 munie d'ouvertures 28 de réception des tubes du faisceau 12. Les ouvertures 28 sont de forme allongée et disposées suivant deux rangées en correspondance des deux rangées de tubes 18. La plaque collectrice 26 est de forme générale rectangulaire et elle comporte, le long de ses deux grands côtés, des bords 30 dont le rôle sera précisé ci-après. Elle comporte un prolongement 32 dans lequel sont aménagés des orifices 34 et 36 pour le montage respectif des tubulures 22 et 24. Les orifices 34 et 36 sont chacun bordés d'un emboutissage 38 qui est réalisé vers le côté de la plaque collectrice 26 qui reçoit le faisceau 12.We now refer to the figure 2 which represents an exploded view of a part of the exchanger of the figure 1 . It can be seen that the collecting box 14 comprises a collecting plate 26 provided with openings 28 for receiving the tubes of the bundle 12. The openings 28 are of elongate shape and arranged in two rows corresponding to the two rows of tubes 18. The collecting plate 26 is of generally rectangular shape and has, along its two long sides, edges 30 whose role will be specified below. It comprises an extension 32 in which openings 34 and 36 are arranged for the respective mounting of the tubes 22 and 24. The orifices 34 and 36 are each bordered by a stamping 38 which is made towards the side of the collecting plate 26 which receives the beam 12.

Au-dessus de la plaque collectrice 26, sont placés deux manchons 40 comportant chacun un moyen de retenue (42), le moyen de retenue étant ici un collet 42.Above the collecting plate 26 are placed two sleeves 40 each comprising a retaining means (42), the retaining means being here a collar 42.

Les manchons et leurs collets 42 sont réalisés par emboutissage ou par usinage. Les manchons 40 sont de forme sensiblement cylindrique et présentent un diamètre externe sensiblement égal à celui des orifices 34 et 36. Leur diamètre interne est sensiblement égal au diamètre externe des tubulures 22 et 24. Le collet 42 a des dimensions et une forme homologues de celles de l'emboutissage 38, c'est-à-dire que l'emboutissage 38 a une profondeur sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur du collet 42. Ainsi, l'emboutissage 38 constitue un logement pour le collet 42 lorsque le manchon 40 est reçu dans un des orifices 34 ou 36. D'autre part, les dimensions respectives du logement 38 et du collet 42 font que la face de la plaque collectrice 26 qui reçoit les manchons apparaît plane.The sleeves and their collars 42 are made by stamping or machining. The sleeves 40 are of substantially cylindrical shape and have an outer diameter substantially equal to that of the orifices 34 and 36. Their inner diameter is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the tubes 22 and 24. The collar 42 has dimensions and a shape similar to those of the stamping 38, that is to say that the stamping 38 has a depth substantially equal to the thickness of the collar 42. Thus, the stamping 38 is a housing for the collar 42 when the sleeve 40 is received in one of the orifices 34 or 36. On the other hand, the respective dimensions of the housing 38 and the collar 42 cause the face of the manifold plate 26 which receives the sleeves appears flat.

Au-dessus des manchons 40, est placée une plaque de distribution 44 comportant deux rangées de fentes 46 communiquant chacune avec un tube 18. Ces fentes 40 contribuent à définir des chambres qui permettent la distribution du fluide et sa circulation dans les tubes du faisceau selon un parcours défini. La plaque de distribution 44 comporte en outre un prolongement 48 et deux orifices 50 et 52 correspondant aux orifices 34 et 36 de la plaque collectrice 26.Above the sleeves 40, is placed a distribution plate 44 having two rows of slots 46 each communicating with a tube 18. These slots 40 contribute to define chambers that allow the distribution of the fluid and its circulation in the tubes of the beam according to a definite course. The distribution plate 44 further comprises an extension 48 and two orifices 50 and 52 corresponding to the orifices 34 and 36 of the header plate 26.

Ainsi, les collets 42 sont pris en sandwich entre ladite plaque collectrice 26 et ladite plaque de distribution (44). Le collet 42 est lié par brasage à la fois avec la plaque collectrice (26) et avec la plaque de distribution 44.Thus, the collars 42 are sandwiched between said collector plate 26 and said distribution plate (44). The collar 42 is soldered to both the header plate (26) and the distribution plate 44.

Au-dessus de la plaque de distribution 44 est placé un couvercle 52 destiné à être maintenu contre la plaque collectrice, ce qui permet d'emprisonner la plaque de distribution 44 notamment grâce au brasage des bords 30 sur des bords latéraux du couvercle 52. Le couvercle 52 est réalisé sous la forme d'une plaque (extrudée ou emboutie) comportant un bord périphérique 54 brasé avec le bord 30. Ce couvercle comporte, en outre, une série de bossages 56, au nombre de six, dans l'exemple représenté, suivant la largeur, délimitant respectivement des chambres 58 communiquant avec les chambres de la plaque de distribution 44.Above the distribution plate 44 is placed a cover 52 intended to be held against the header plate, which makes it possible to trap the distribution plate 44, in particular by brazing the edges 30 on the lateral edges of the cover 52. cover 52 is made in the form of a plate (extruded or stamped) having a peripheral edge 54 brazed with the edge 30. This cover further comprises a series of bosses 56, six in number, in the example shown along the width respectively defining chambers 58 communicating with the chambers of the distribution plate 44.

Ces bossages sont convenablement disposés pour permettre au fluide réfrigérant de pénétrer à l'intérieur de la boîte collectrice 14 via la tubulure 22, de circuler ensuite dans les tubes 18 du faisceau 12 entre la boîte collectrice 14 et la boîte collectrice 16 puis de quitter l'échangeur 10 par la tubulure de sortie 24. La manière dont la circulation du fluide s'effectue dans le faisceau ne sera pas décrite en détail, s'agissant d'une disposition en elle-même connue de l'homme du métier.These bosses are suitably arranged to allow the cooling fluid to penetrate inside the manifold 14 via the manifold 22, to then flow into the tubes 18 of the bundle 12 between the manifold 14 and the manifold 16 and then leaving the heat exchanger 10 through the outlet pipe 24. The manner in which the circulation of the fluid takes place in the bundle will not be described in detail, in the case of a provision in itself known to those skilled in the art.

La boîte collectrice 16 est similaire à la boîte collectrice 14 à cela près qu'elle ne comporte pas de prolongements 32 et 48.The manifold 16 is similar to the manifold 14 except that it has no extensions 32 and 48.

Dans l'exemple ici décrit, la plaque collectrice 26 comporte un bord de brasage sur le bord périphérique du couvercle et de la plaque intermédiaire. Cependant, tout autre dispositif de liaison de ces éléments est envisageable par l'homme du métier.In the example described here, the manifold plate 26 has a brazing edge on the peripheral edge of the lid and the intermediate plate. However, any other device for connecting these elements is conceivable by those skilled in the art.

Les composants de boîtes collectrices sont réalisés à partir d'une plaque métallique, de préférence en alliage d'aluminium, avec une épaisseur suffisante pour résister aux pressions importantes du fluide réfrigérant.The collector box components are made from a metal plate, preferably an aluminum alloy, with a thickness sufficient to withstand the high pressures of the refrigerant.

Les bossages 56 permettent de former les chambres 58 de volume restreint limitant l'effet de la pression du fluide sur les composants de la plaque collectrice 16.The bosses 56 make it possible to form the chambers 58 of restricted volume limiting the effect of the pressure of the fluid on the components of the collector plate 16.

Ces composants sont destinés à être assemblés par brasage une fois un assemblage provisoire réalisé. Il est donc nécessaire de prévoir un placage de brasure.These components are intended to be assembled by brazing once a provisional assembly made. It is therefore necessary to provide a braze plating.

Cet assemblage provisoire est montré plus avant sur la figure 3. Comme on peut le voir sur cette figure, les manchons 40 sont reçus dans les orifices 34 et 36 et sont recouverts de la plaque de distribution 44 qui est elle-même recouverte du couvercle 52. La réalisation du logement 38 de forme et de dimension homologues de celles du collet 42 des manchons 40 permet d'obtenir un serrage et une étanchéité optimale de la plaque de distribution 44 sur la plaque collectrice 26.This provisional assembly is shown further on figure 3 . As can be seen in this figure, the sleeves 40 are received in the orifices 34 and 36 and are covered with the distribution plate 44 which is itself covered with the cover 52. The embodiment of the housing 38 of shape and dimension homologous to those of the collar 42 of the sleeves 40 provides an optimal clamping and sealing of the plate distribution 44 on the collector plate 26.

De même, les bords 30 sont de dimension prévue pour couvrir l'intégralité des bords 54 du couvercle 52.Likewise, the edges 30 are of dimension intended to cover all the edges 54 of the cover 52.

La figure 4 est une vue en coupe partielle de la figure 3 permettant de montrer la répartition des placages de brasure nécessaires à la bonne tenue de l'échangeur 10. La tubulure 22 a été représentée sur cette figure pour mieux préciser cette répartition.The figure 4 is a partial sectional view of the figure 3 to show the distribution of solder veneers necessary for the good performance of the exchanger 10. The tubing 22 has been shown in this figure to better specify this distribution.

D'une manière générale, l'ensemble de la face de la plaque collectrice 26 qui reçoit les manchons et est recouverte par la plaque de distribution 44 et le couvercle 52 reçoit un placage de brasure 60. On qualifiera cette face de face intérieure. Ce placage permet de lier le bord 30 au bord 54 ainsi qu'au bord de la plaque de distribution 44. En outre, le logement 38 permet d'offrir une plus grande surface de brasage au manchon 40 par le brasage non seulement le long de la périphérie du manchon 40 dans les orifices 32 et 34, mais également sur la surface de contact du collet 42 et de ces derniers.In general, the entire face of the header plate 26 which receives the sleeves and is covered by the distribution plate 44 and the cover 52 receives a solder plating 60. This face will be described as an inner face. This veneer makes it possible to bond the edge 30 to the edge 54 as well as to the edge of the distribution plate 44. In addition, the housing 38 makes it possible to offer a larger brazing surface to the sleeve 40 by soldering not only along the periphery of the sleeve 40 in the orifices 32 and 34, but also on the contact surface of the collar 42 and of the latter.

Les manchons 40 sont ainsi maintenus en place de manière très forte et propre à résister aux pressions du fluide réfrigérant.The sleeves 40 are thus held in place very strongly and able to withstand the pressures of the coolant.

On remarquera que la tubulure 22 est disposée dans le manchon 40 sans brasage et que le manchon 40 d'une manière générale n'est pas recouvert de placage de brasure. En effet, le placage de brasure induit des effets néfastes pour l'assemblage avec les tubulures. Après brasage de l'échangeur 10, les tubulures 22 et 24 peuvent être reliées au manchon 40 par un dispositif mécanique ou encore par brasage.Note that the tubing 22 is disposed in the sleeve 40 without brazing and that the sleeve 40 generally is not covered with solder plating. Indeed, the brazing plating induces adverse effects for assembly with the pipes. After brazing of the exchanger 10, the pipes 22 and 24 may be connected to the sleeve 40 by a mechanical device or by brazing.

Un autre mode de réalisation, où la plaque de distribution est omise, propose que une boite collectrice dans laquelle le collet est pris en sandwich entre une plaque collectrice et un couvercle. Dans cette variante, le collet sera lié par brasage avec la plaque collectrice et ledit couvercle.Another embodiment, where the distribution plate is omitted, proposes a manifold in which the collar is sandwiched between a header plate and a cover. In this variant, the collar will be soldered to the header plate and said cover.

La boîte collectrice de l'invention est susceptible de nombreuses autres variantes de réalisation. Il est notamment envisageable de répartir les manchons et orifices de réception des tubulures d'entrée/sortie sur les deux boîtes collectrices. Elle trouve une application principale aux échangeurs de chaleur parcourus par un fluide réfrigérant sous haute pression, en particulier aux évaporateurs de climatisation parcourus par un fluide à l'état supercritique comme le CO2, tels que ceux destinés aux véhicules automobiles.The manifold of the invention is capable of many other variants. It is in particular possible to distribute the sleeves and receiving ports of the inlet / outlet pipes on the two manifolds. It finds a main application to heat exchangers traversed by a high-pressure refrigerant, in particular to air-conditioning evaporators traversed by a fluid in the supercritical state such as CO 2 , such as those intended for motor vehicles.

Claims (13)

  1. Heat exchanger collector housing, comprising a collector plate (26), a cover (52), wherein said collector plate (26) is equipped with openings (28) to accommodate the insertion of heat exchange tubes (18) and at least one fluid inlet/outlet opening (34, 36), wherein said collector housing further comprises at least one sleeve (40) featuring a means of retention (42), where said sleeve (40) is positioned in one of said inlet/outlet openings (34, 36) and said means of retention (42) engages with the collector plate (26) to hold said sleeve (40), wherein said sleeve (40) is able to accommodate a fluid inlet/outlet tube (22, 24), characterised in that said means of retention (42) is sandwiched between said collector plate (26) and said cover (52).
  2. Collector housing according to the previous claim, in which said means of retention (42) is attached by brazing to said collector plate (26) and said cover (52).
  3. Heat exchanger collector housing according to any of the previous claims, in which said means of retention is a collar (42).
  4. Heat exchanger collector housing according to any of the previous claims, in which the collector plate (26) is chased at the fluid inlet/outlet opening (34, 36) to form a housing (38) that has the same form as that of the means of retention (42) and in that the means of retention (42) of the sleeve (40) is housed in the said housing (38).
  5. Heat exchanger collector housing according to claims 3 or 4, in which the housing (38) has a depth that is substantially equal to the thickness of the collar (42).
  6. Heat exchanger collector housing according to any of the previous claims, in which said collector housing further comprises a distribution plate (44) positioned next to the collector plate (26), between the latter and the cover (52).
  7. Heat exchanger collector housing according to claims 3 and 6, in which said collar (42) is sandwiched between said collector plate (26) and said distribution plate (44).
  8. Heat exchanger collector housing according to claims 3 and 6, in which said collar (42) is attached by brazing to said collector plate (26) and said distribution plate (44).
  9. Heat exchanger collector housing according to any of claims 3 to 8, in which said sleeve (40) is brazed to the collector plate (26) on its collar (42) and the fluid inlet/outlet opening (34, 36).
  10. Collector housing according to any of the previous claims, in which the sleeve (40) is formed by chasing.
  11. Collector housing according to any of the previous claims, in which said collector housing comprises two inlet/outlet openings (34, 36).
  12. Heat exchanger comprising a set (12) of tubes and at least one collector housing (14) according to any of claims 1 to 11.
  13. Heat exchanger of the previous claim, characterised in that it is made in the form of an evaporator for an air conditioning circuit which has a refrigerating fluid passing through it at high pressure, especially a fluid operating in a supercritical state.
EP06123077A 2005-10-28 2006-10-27 Header box for heat exchanger Active EP1780490B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08157536A EP2009383A1 (en) 2005-10-28 2006-10-27 Header box for heat exchanger

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0511132A FR2892803B1 (en) 2005-10-28 2005-10-28 COLLECTOR BOX FOR HEAT EXCHANGER, IN PARTICULAR FOR AIR CONDITIONING EVAPORATOR, EXCHANGER COMPRISING SUCH A BOX

Related Child Applications (1)

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EP1780490A1 EP1780490A1 (en) 2007-05-02
EP1780490B1 true EP1780490B1 (en) 2009-03-11

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EP08157536A Withdrawn EP2009383A1 (en) 2005-10-28 2006-10-27 Header box for heat exchanger

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AT (1) ATE425428T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602006005575D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2322190T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2892803B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021208717A1 (en) 2021-08-10 2023-02-16 Mahle International Gmbh heat exchanger

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FR2988169B1 (en) * 2012-03-19 2014-04-18 Dana Canada Corp BRASE CONNECTION ASSEMBLY
EP2801766A1 (en) * 2013-05-10 2014-11-12 voestalpine Polynorm BV Solar collector for heating a heat carrier
JP6658710B2 (en) 2016-11-21 2020-03-04 株式会社デンソー Stacked heat exchanger
EP3587990B1 (en) * 2018-06-22 2021-01-27 Valeo Vyminiky Tepla, s.r.o. Header box for heat exchanger with thermal decoupling
LU101750B1 (en) * 2020-04-23 2021-10-25 Ht Holding Luxembourg S A Heat exchanger device for battery thermal regulation
DE102021205518A1 (en) 2021-05-31 2022-12-01 Mahle International Gmbh heat exchanger
EP4317897A1 (en) * 2022-08-02 2024-02-07 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Heat exchanger

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FR2189142B2 (en) * 1972-06-23 1976-08-06 Chausson Usines Sa
JP2001330391A (en) 2000-05-19 2001-11-30 Zexel Valeo Climate Control Corp Heat exchanger
EP1285212B2 (en) * 2000-05-29 2010-08-04 Valeo Thermique Moteur Manifold block for brazed heat exchanger
SE0002353D0 (en) 2000-06-22 2000-06-22 Astrazeneca Ab New use
ATE333082T1 (en) * 2000-08-25 2006-08-15 Modine Mfg Co RADIATOR ARRANGEMENT
CN1500198A (en) 2001-02-19 2004-05-26 昭和电工株式会社 Heat exchanger
US20040211551A1 (en) 2001-11-15 2004-10-28 Etsuo Shinmura Heat exchanger, heat exchanger header tank and manufacturing method thereof
JP4107051B2 (en) * 2002-02-19 2008-06-25 株式会社デンソー Heat exchanger
FR2844346B1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2005-05-20 Valeo Climatisation HEAT EXCHANGER HAVING AT LEAST ONE RUBBER TUBE

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021208717A1 (en) 2021-08-10 2023-02-16 Mahle International Gmbh heat exchanger

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Publication number Publication date
FR2892803A1 (en) 2007-05-04
ES2322190T3 (en) 2009-06-17
EP2009383A1 (en) 2008-12-31
EP1780490A1 (en) 2007-05-02
FR2892803B1 (en) 2008-04-04
ATE425428T1 (en) 2009-03-15
DE602006005575D1 (en) 2009-04-23

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