EP1192402B1 - Multichannel tube heat exchanger, in particular for motor vehicle - Google Patents
Multichannel tube heat exchanger, in particular for motor vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1192402B1 EP1192402B1 EP00993738A EP00993738A EP1192402B1 EP 1192402 B1 EP1192402 B1 EP 1192402B1 EP 00993738 A EP00993738 A EP 00993738A EP 00993738 A EP00993738 A EP 00993738A EP 1192402 B1 EP1192402 B1 EP 1192402B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- fluid
- manifold
- exchanger according
- tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
- F28F9/0204—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
- F28D1/0308—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other
- F28D1/035—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other with U-flow or serpentine-flow inside the conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
- F28D1/0391—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits a single plate being bent to form one or more conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
- F28D1/05391—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits combined with a particular flow pattern, e.g. multi-row multi-stage radiators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
- F28F1/022—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2225/00—Reinforcing means
- F28F2225/08—Reinforcing means for header boxes
Definitions
- the invention relates to heat exchangers, in especially for motor vehicles.
- It relates more particularly to a heat exchanger suitable for constituting either a radiator for cooling the engine, either a radiator for heating the passenger compartment, or still an evaporator or a condenser of a circuit of air conditioner.
- a heat exchanger of this type includes a bundle of tubes mounted between two fluid boxes by through respective collectors, and is specific to be traversed by a fluid.
- a heat exchanger of this type is described in German Patent Application DE 197 19 259.
- this fluid is the liquid used to cool the engine.
- this fluid is a refrigerant.
- the fluid is distributed between the tubes of the beam by successive passes in different groups of tubes and in respective directions of flow.
- the bundle includes either flat tubes associated with corrugated dividers, i.e. tubes of circular or oval section crossing a series fins.
- the change of password is obtained thanks to transverse and longitudinal partitions located inside the fluid boxes provided at both ends of the tube bundle.
- partitions are either attached and brazed between the box fluid and the corresponding manifold, either obtained by stamping of the fluid box to define compartments who communicate respectively with groups of beam tubes.
- the collector comprises openings, also called slots, fitted with collars linkage into which are inserted and brazed the ends of the tubes.
- the object of the invention is in particular to overcome the drawbacks supra.
- the tubes include each several channels separated by at least one partition longitudinal and are arranged in a single row, parallel to two large faces of the exchanger.
- fluid circulation takes place in at least two layers parallel to the large faces of the exchanger and each formed from part of the channels of the tubes, and at least one of the fluid boxes includes a internal longitudinal partition suitable for dividing the box fluid in at least two communicating longitudinal compartments respectively with the two tablecloths.
- the heat exchanger of the invention comprises tubes each having several channels, the respective channels of each tube being each time divided into at least two groups corresponding to traffic slicks.
- each tube is divided into two groups, a first group which corresponds to a first tablecloth and a second group which corresponds to a second tablecloth.
- a tube according to the invention has at least two channels which then correspond respectively with the two compartments aforementioned longitudinal.
- the numbers of channels in the first group and in the second group can be equal or different.
- one at less fluid boxes includes at least one partition transverse suitable for dividing the fluid box into at least two transverse compartments of which at least one establishes communication between two layers.
- each tablecloth is divided into at least two sub-tablecloths connected in series and in which the circulation of the fluid takes place against the current from one sublayer to the next.
- the heat exchanger heat includes two layers, each divided into two sub-layers, which makes it possible to define a circulation with four passes: two successive passes in the two sub-layers of a first layer, and then two successive passes in the two sub-layers of a second layer.
- each collector has openings, also called slots, surrounded by collars for the introduction of the ends of the beam tubes and each collector is expected to be provided with a flat surface for soldering a can fluid.
- This characteristic is particularly advantageous because it allows to oppose a perfectly flat surface for position the longitudinal partition and / or the partition transverse of the fluid box.
- each fluid box includes a plan periphery and at least one coplanar partition (partition longitudinal and / or transverse bulkhead) suitable for brazed against the collector surface.
- each collector is part of a collector plate attached by brazing to the collector and having openings aligned with the openings of the manifold.
- the heat exchanger of the invention can comprise at least minus one leg from one edge of the manifold or plate manifold, or fluid box, said tab being folded respectively over one edge of the fluid box, or on an edge of the collector or the collector plate.
- the end at least one longitudinal partition of the tube is positioned substantially at the level of the flat surface of the collector, so that this longitudinal wall of the tube can be brazed to an internal longitudinal partition of the fluid box.
- the fluid boxes are advantageously each formed by stamping of a metal plate to define the perimeter plan and the coplanar partition.
- At least one of the fluid boxes comprises at least one fluid inlet or outlet tubing.
- each tube is a tube extruded, or that each tube is formed from a sheet folded and closed by longitudinal brazed joints, or still that each tube is formed of two sheet metal plates stamped parts which are tightly brazed.
- the channels of the tubes are separated by partitions whose respective thicknesses have decreased since a central region of the tube towards the periphery.
- the exchanger of heat constitutes an evaporator for a air conditioner.
- Figure 1 shows part of a heat exchanger comprising a bundle having a multiplicity of tubes 10, only one of which is shown on the Figure 1.
- These are flat tubes, arranged in a single row, and made by extruding a material metallic, preferably based on aluminum.
- These tubes have a plurality of parallel internal channels 12 which are seven in the example and are separated by longitudinal partitions 78.
- the row of tubes is parallel to two large opposite faces F1 and F2 of the exchanger heat.
- the tubes 10 are spaced apart to delimit, between two adjacent tubes, an interval which can be free or occupied by a corrugated interlayer (not shown) forming heat exchange surface.
- the tubes 10 have respective ends 14 received in a collector 16 consisting of a stamped metal plate of generally rectangular shape with two longitudinal sides corresponding respectively to the large faces F1 and F2 of the heat exchanger.
- the end 14 of each tube 10 defines a flat face that extends perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the tube and which also constitutes the end of each longitudinal partition 78
- the collector 16 has a plurality of openings 18, also called slots, having an internal section adapted to the external section of a tube.
- Each of the openings 18 is bordered by a collar 20 so that the openings 18 can receive respectively the ends 14 of the tubes 10 of the beam.
- the ends 14 of the tubes are provided for be brazed with the respective collars 20 to ensure a waterproof connection.
- the collector 16 receives a collecting plate 22 of form rectangular advantageously made of a base material aluminum.
- This collector plate 22 is designed to be soldered to the collector 16 and to provide a surface plane 24, forming a reference surface, and it comprises a multiple openings 26, also called slots, arranged opposite the respective openings 18 of the collector 16.
- openings 26 have a shape adapted to that of the ends 14 tubes for them to engage, at least in part, in the openings 26, without however exceeding plane defined by the planar surface 24.
- the end 14 of each tube is positioned so that it is located substantially at the level of the flat surface 24.
- the flat surface 24 is designed to receive a box for fluid 28, as shown in FIG. 2, which is produced by stamping a metal sheet, advantageously at aluminum base.
- the fluid box 28 of Figure 2 includes a periphery device 30 of generally rectangular shape which is planar and clean to come into contact with the perimeter of the surface plane 24.
- the periphery 30 has a shape general rectangular adapted to the rectangular shape of the flat surface 24. In the example shown in Figure 2, this the periphery comprises in particular two longitudinal edges 32.
- the fluid box 28 includes a longitudinal partition 34 which extends parallel to the edges 32 and a transverse partition 36 which extends perpendicular to the partition 34 and edges 32.
- the periphery 30 and the partitions 34 and 36 are coplanar.
- the fluid box 28 is stamped to delimit compartments between the perimeter plane 30 and the partitions 34 and 36. There are four compartments here: two compartments 38 and 40 near one of the edges 32 and two other compartments 42 and 44 near the other edge 32.
- Figure 3 shows the periphery 30 of the fluid box 28 applied against the periphery of the bearing surface 24 formed by the collector plate 22, the latter being brazed on the collector 16.
- it is provided for at least one tab 45 coming from one edge of the manifold 16 and folded over one edge of the fluid box 28 to ensure provisional maintenance of the assembly for soldering.
- the tab 45 could come from an edge of the manifold plate 22 or fluid box 28 and be folded respectively over an edge of the collector 16 or of the manifold plate 22.
- the longitudinal partition 34 of the box fluid ( Figure 1) is placed, for each tube, against the end of a longitudinal partition 78 of the tube. This allows to later solder the partition 34 of the box to fluid against a partition 78 of each tube and, thus, of separate each tube into two groups: a first group G1 formed here of three channels and a second group G2 formed here of four channels.
- FIG. 4 describes an example of an exchanger heat produced as defined above.
- the heat exchanger comprises a bundle formed of a plurality of tubes 10 as defined previously, these tubes 10 being received, at their end upper, in a collector 16 on which is brazed a manifold plate 22, as defined above.
- the tubes 10 are received in a analog collector (not shown) on which is brazed another identical collecting plate 22.
- the fluid box 28 is made in accordance with the teachings in Figure 2.
- this fluid box includes a flat periphery 30 of generally rectangular shape, a longitudinal partition 48 which extends only over one part of the length which connects a transverse edge 50 of the periphery to a transverse partition 52. Perimeter 30 and the partitions 48 and 52 are coplanar.
- the fluid box 28 is produced by stamping for further define an inlet manifold 54 and a manifold outlet 56 which communicate respectively with two compartments 58 and 60, which are separated by the longitudinal partition 48.
- the fluid box 28 forms a part in dome 62 delimiting a single compartment 64.
- the fluid box 46 has a flat periphery 66 of shape general rectangular and a longitudinal partition 68 which spans the entire length and which is coplanar with the periphery 66.
- the fluid box 46 comprises two bosses longitudinal 70 and 72 defining two compartments corresponding elongates which communicate with the beam.
- This defines a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of tubes 10, possible spacers (not shown), two collectors 16 (of which only one is shown), two collector plates 22, as well as a box fluid 28 in the upper part and a fluid box 46 in lower part.
- the partition 68 of the fluid box 46 is provided for dividing each tube in such a way that compartment 70 communicates with G1 group channels and compartment 72 with the channels of group G2.
- Fluid circulation in the heat exchanger takes place in several passes as shown in Figure 5.
- the fluid enters compartment 58 through inlet manifold 54 and circulates in a first sub-layer SN1 formed by the channels of group G1 belonging to part of the tubes for gain compartment 70 by a vertical circulation of top to bottom.
- the fluid flows from bottom to top from the same compartment 70 to reach compartment 64, traffic taking place in a second SN2 sub-layer.
- the fluid circulates in the group G1 of the channels of the other tubes of the bundle.
- the fluid reaches compartment 72 by circulation vertical from top to bottom in a third SN3 sublayer, circulation taking place in the channels of the G2 group part of the tubes.
- the fluid reaches compartment 60 by circulation vertical from bottom to top in a third SN4 sublayer, the circulation of the fluid taking place in group G2 of channels of the other tubes.
- the fluid leaves the heat exchanger heat through the outlet pipe 56.
- the circulation of the fluid is carried out in four passes and in alternate directions.
- the first two passes correspond SN1 and SN2 respectively.
- These two sub-layers belong to the same layer which extends to near the large face F1 of the heat exchanger.
- the circulation then takes place in two other passes which correspond to the SN3 and SN4 sub-layers.
- These two tablecloths are part of a second tablecloth which is connected in series at the first layer and which extends parallel to the large face F2 of the heat exchanger.
- the first layer is formed by the groups G1 of the channels (here three in number) and the second layer by the group G2 channels (here four in number).
- FIG. 6 shows a tube extruded 10 according to the invention which comprises a multiplicity of channels 12, in the example eleven in number.
- the tubes each have a substantially shaped section rectangular.
- the tube comprises two flat faces 74 joined together by two semi-circular faces 76.
- the tubes are separated by partitions 78 which have variable thicknesses.
- the two partitions 78 located in the central region have a thickness A and they are each followed by partitions having respective thicknesses B, C, D and E such that A> B> C> D> E.
- the thicknesses of the partitions thus decrease by the central region on the outskirts.
- the tube 10 is formed from a sheet 80 folded so as to include two opposite planar faces 82 joined by two end faces 84 of semi-circular profile.
- the sheet 80 has two longitudinal edges 86 assembled respectively against a intermediate part 88 of the stepped structure sheet forming a partition wall.
- the two edges 86 are assembled by longitudinal brazed joints 88 so to close the tube and define two channels 12.
- the tube 10 is formed from two stamped sheet metal plates 90 which are mutually brazed tightly. These two plates 90 have symmetrical profiles and each have two edges longitudinal end 92 and a central longitudinal edge 94, parallel to each other, which separate two bosses 96.
- the plates 90 are mutually tightly soldered speakers respective edges so as to define two channels 12.
- the heat exchanger in Figure 9 is similar to that of Figure 4 but differs however in the structure of the fluid box 28 in the upper part and by the structure of the fluid box 46 in the lower part ( Figure 10).
- the fluid box 28 comprises, as in the case of the figure 4, an inlet manifold 54 and an outlet manifold 56 which communicate respectively with two compartments 58 and 60 separated by a longitudinal partition 48. But, the partition 48 continues beyond the transverse partition 52 for define two other compartments 98 and 100.
- the fluid box 46 has a longitudinal partition 68 which extends over part of its length and which joins a transverse partition 102. Another transverse partition 104 is provided at a distance from the partition 102. As a result, the fluid box 46 delimits two longitudinal compartments adjacent 70 and 72 on either side of the partition 68 and two transverse compartments 106 and 108 on both sides of the partition 104.
- the circulation of the fluid in the heat exchanger of Figures 9 and 10 are carried out in six passes divided in two plies.
- the fluid circulates successively in the first group of channels passing successively by compartments 54, 70, 98 and 106, 98 and 108.
- the fluid circulates successively in the second group of channels passing successively by compartments 108 and 100, 106 and 100, 72 and 56.
- the invention thus makes it possible to produce a heat exchanger obtained by brazing metal parts advantageously at aluminum base.
- the use of multi-channel tubes allows to define, in each tube, at least two groups of channels corresponding respectively to at least two layers of circulation. Because each collector offers a surface flat to bring back the collector plate, this allows to obtain a perfect seal between this flat surface and the fluid box and define compartments for the circulation of the fluid in several passes.
- the invention makes it possible to produce an exchanger heat with circulation in two layers, which leads to better temperature balancing of the exchanger. This is particularly interesting in the case where the heat exchanger is made in the form of a evaporator.
- each tablecloth at least two passes can be provided, usually two, three or four passes.
- the invention makes it possible to simplify the method of assembling the heat exchanger while providing a seal.
- the heat exchanger thus produced has a reinforced resistance to bursting and reduces pressure constraints on the fluid boxes and collectors, since each of the fluid boxes can have a lower height.
- the invention finds a particular application in the heating and / or air conditioning equipment for motor vehicles.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Description
L'invention se rapporte aux échangeurs de chaleur, en particulier pour les véhicules automobiles.The invention relates to heat exchangers, in especially for motor vehicles.
Elle concerne plus particulièrement un échangeur de chaleur propre à constituer soit un radiateur de refroidissement du moteur, soit un radiateur de chauffage de l'habitacle, soit encore un évaporateur ou un condenseur d'un circuit de climatisation.It relates more particularly to a heat exchanger suitable for constituting either a radiator for cooling the engine, either a radiator for heating the passenger compartment, or still an evaporator or a condenser of a circuit of air conditioner.
Généralement, un échangeur de chaleur de ce type comprend un faisceau de tubes monté entre deux boites à fluide par l'intermédiaire de collecteurs respectifs, et est propre à être parcouru par un fluide. Un échangeur de chaleur de ce type est décrit dans la Demande de Brevet Allemand DE 197 19 259.Generally, a heat exchanger of this type includes a bundle of tubes mounted between two fluid boxes by through respective collectors, and is specific to be traversed by a fluid. A heat exchanger of this type is described in German Patent Application DE 197 19 259.
Dans le cas d'un radiateur de refroidissement du moteur ou d'un radiateur de chauffage de l'habitacle, ce fluide est le liquide servant au refroidissement du moteur. Dans le cas d'un évaporateur ou d'un condenseur de climatisation, ce fluide est un fluide réfrigérant.In the case of an engine cooling radiator or a radiator for heating the passenger compartment, this fluid is the liquid used to cool the engine. In the case an air conditioning evaporator or condenser, this fluid is a refrigerant.
Généralement, le fluide se répartit entre les tubes du faisceau par des passes successives dans différents groupes de tubes et dans des sens de circulation respectifs donnés.Generally, the fluid is distributed between the tubes of the beam by successive passes in different groups of tubes and in respective directions of flow.
Habituellement, le faisceau comprend soit des tubes plats associés à des intercalaires de forme ondulée, soit des tubes de section circulaire ou ovale traversant une série d'ailettes. En ce cas, le changement de passe est obtenu grâce à des cloisons transversales et longitudinales situées à l'intérieur des boítes à fluide prévues aux deux extrémités du faisceau de tubes. Usually the bundle includes either flat tubes associated with corrugated dividers, i.e. tubes of circular or oval section crossing a series fins. In this case, the change of password is obtained thanks to transverse and longitudinal partitions located inside the fluid boxes provided at both ends of the tube bundle.
Ces cloisons sont soit rapportées et brasées entre la boíte à fluide et le collecteur correspondant, soit obtenues par emboutissage de la boite à fluide pour définir des compartiments qui communiquent respectivement avec des groupes de tubes du faisceau. These partitions are either attached and brazed between the box fluid and the corresponding manifold, either obtained by stamping of the fluid box to define compartments who communicate respectively with groups of beam tubes.
Dans cette technique connue, le collecteur comporte des ouvertures, encore appelées fentes, munies de collets de relevage dans lesquels sont introduites et brasées les extrémités des tubes.In this known technique, the collector comprises openings, also called slots, fitted with collars linkage into which are inserted and brazed the ends of the tubes.
Il en résulte la nécessité que les cloisons longitudinales des boítes à fluide soient crantées pour s'ajuster parfaitement avec les formes du collecteur.This results in the need for the longitudinal partitions fluid boxes are notched to fit perfectly with the shapes of the collector.
Ainsi, dans la technique antérieure, se pose toujours le problème d'obtenir une étanchéité parfaite entre le collecteur, la cloison longitudinale de la boíte à fluide et les tubes.Thus, in the prior art, the question always arises problem of obtaining a perfect seal between the collector, the longitudinal partition of the fluid box and the tubes.
L'invention a notamment pour but de surmonter les inconvénients précités.The object of the invention is in particular to overcome the drawbacks supra.
Elle propose à cet effet un échangeur de chaleur du type défini en introduction, dans lequel les tubes comportent chacun plusieurs canaux séparés par au moins une cloison longitudinale et sont disposés suivant une rangée unique, parallèle à deux grandes faces de l'échangeur. Dans cet échangeur de chaleur, la circulation du fluide s'effectue dans au moins deux nappes parallèles aux grandes faces de l'échangeur et formées chacune d'une partie des canaux des tubes, et l'une au moins des boítes à fluide comprend une cloison longitudinale interne propre à diviser la boíte à fluide en au moins deux compartiments longitudinaux communiquant respectivement avec les deux nappes.To this end, it offers a heat exchanger of the type defined in the introduction, in which the tubes include each several channels separated by at least one partition longitudinal and are arranged in a single row, parallel to two large faces of the exchanger. In this heat exchanger, fluid circulation takes place in at least two layers parallel to the large faces of the exchanger and each formed from part of the channels of the tubes, and at least one of the fluid boxes includes a internal longitudinal partition suitable for dividing the box fluid in at least two communicating longitudinal compartments respectively with the two tablecloths.
Ainsi, l'échangeur de chaleur de l'invention comprend des tubes ayant chacun plusieurs canaux, les canaux respectifs de chaque tube étant à chaque fois divisés en au moins deux groupes correspondant à des nappes de circulation. Thus, the heat exchanger of the invention comprises tubes each having several channels, the respective channels of each tube being each time divided into at least two groups corresponding to traffic slicks.
Dans le cas particulier d'un échangeur à deux nappes de circulation, situées chacune proche d'une des grandes faces de l'échangeur de chaleur, chaque tube est divisé en deux groupes, un premier groupe qui correspond à une première nappe et un second groupe qui correspond à une seconde nappe.In the particular case of an exchanger with two layers of traffic, each located near one of the large faces of the heat exchanger, each tube is divided into two groups, a first group which corresponds to a first tablecloth and a second group which corresponds to a second tablecloth.
Ces deux nappes communiquent ainsi respectivement avec les deux compartiments longitudinaux définis dans l'une au moins des deux boites à fluide.These two layers thus communicate respectively with the two longitudinal compartments defined in at least one of the two fluid boxes.
Un tube selon l'invention comporte au minimum deux canaux qui correspondent alors respectivement avec les deux compartiments longitudinaux précités. Dans le cas où chaque tube comporte plus de deux canaux, les nombres de canaux dans le premier groupe et dans le second groupe peuvent être égaux ou différents.A tube according to the invention has at least two channels which then correspond respectively with the two compartments aforementioned longitudinal. In case each tube has more than two channels, the numbers of channels in the first group and in the second group can be equal or different.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'une au moins des boítes à fluide comprend au moins une cloison transversale propre à diviser la boíte à fluide en au moins deux compartiments transversaux dont l'un au moins établit une communication entre deux nappes.According to another characteristic of the invention, one at less fluid boxes includes at least one partition transverse suitable for dividing the fluid box into at least two transverse compartments of which at least one establishes communication between two layers.
Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, chaque nappe est divisée en au moins deux sous-nappes reliées en série et dans lesquelles la circulation du fluide s'effectue à contre-courant d'une sous-nappe à la suivante.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, each tablecloth is divided into at least two sub-tablecloths connected in series and in which the circulation of the fluid takes place against the current from one sublayer to the next.
Ainsi, dans un mode de réalisation typique, l'échangeur de chaleur comprend deux nappes, chacune divisée en deux sous-nappes, ce qui permet de définir une circulation à quatre passes : deux passes successives dans les deux sous-nappes d'une première nappe, et ensuite deux passes successives dans les deux sous-nappes d'une deuxième nappe.Thus, in a typical embodiment, the heat exchanger heat includes two layers, each divided into two sub-layers, which makes it possible to define a circulation with four passes: two successive passes in the two sub-layers of a first layer, and then two successive passes in the two sub-layers of a second layer.
Selon l'invention, chaque collecteur comporte des ouvertures, encore appelées fentes, entourées de collets pour l'introduction des extrémités des tubes du faisceau et on prévoit que chaque collecteur est muni d'une surface plane pour le brasage d'une boíte à fluide.According to the invention, each collector has openings, also called slots, surrounded by collars for the introduction of the ends of the beam tubes and each collector is expected to be provided with a flat surface for soldering a can fluid.
Cette caractéristique est particulièrement avantageuse car elle permet d'opposer une surface parfaitement plane pour positionner la cloison longitudinale et/ou la cloison transversale de la boíte à fluide.This characteristic is particularly advantageous because it allows to oppose a perfectly flat surface for position the longitudinal partition and / or the partition transverse of the fluid box.
On prévoit pour cela que chaque boíte à fluide comprend un pourtour plan et au moins une cloison coplanaire (cloison longitudinale et/ou cloison transversale) propres à être brasés contre la surface du collecteur.It is provided for this that each fluid box includes a plan periphery and at least one coplanar partition (partition longitudinal and / or transverse bulkhead) suitable for brazed against the collector surface.
Il est envisageable de réaliser la surface plane d'une seule pièce avec le collecteur.It is possible to realize the flat surface of a single piece with the collector.
Toutefois, dans une forme de réalisation préférée de l'invention, la surface plane de chaque collecteur fait partie d'une plaque collectrice rapportée par brasage sur le collecteur et comportant des ouvertures alignées avec les ouvertures du collecteur.However, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the flat surface of each collector is part of a collector plate attached by brazing to the collector and having openings aligned with the openings of the manifold.
Ceci permet de réaliser une surface plane de référence à partir d'une plaque comportant des ouvertures, avantageusement obtenues par poinçonnage.This enables a flat reference surface to be produced. from a plate comprising openings, advantageously obtained by punching.
L'échangeur de chaleur de l'invention peut comprendre au moins une patte issue d'un bord du collecteur ou de la plaque collectrice, ou de la boíte à fluide, ladite patte étant repliée respectivement sur un bord de la boíte à fluide, ou sur un bord du collecteur ou de la plaque collectrice.The heat exchanger of the invention can comprise at least minus one leg from one edge of the manifold or plate manifold, or fluid box, said tab being folded respectively over one edge of the fluid box, or on an edge of the collector or the collector plate.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'extrémité d'au moins une cloison longitudinale du tube est positionnée sensiblement au niveau de la surface plane du collecteur, de sorte que cette cloison longitudinale du tube peut se braser à une cloison longitudinale interne de la boíte à fluide. According to another characteristic of the invention, the end at least one longitudinal partition of the tube is positioned substantially at the level of the flat surface of the collector, so that this longitudinal wall of the tube can be brazed to an internal longitudinal partition of the fluid box.
Les boítes à fluide sont avantageusement formées chacune par emboutissage d'une plaque métallique pour définir le pourtour plan et la cloison coplanaire.The fluid boxes are advantageously each formed by stamping of a metal plate to define the perimeter plan and the coplanar partition.
Ainsi, lorsqu'une boíte à fluide est brasée contre la surface plane correspondante, le pourtour de la boíte à fluide et la ou les cloison(s) de celle-ci viennent se braser étroitement contre la surface plane, ce qui permet de délimiter des compartiments communiquant avec les tubes de manière appropriée pour définir une circulation en plusieurs passes.So when a fluid box is brazed against the surface corresponding plane, the periphery of the fluid box and the or the partition (s) of it come to be brazed closely against the flat surface, which makes it possible to delimit compartments communicating with tubes appropriately to define a circulation in several passes.
Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, l'une au moins des boites à fluide comprend au moins une tubulure d'entrée ou de sortie de fluide.According to another advantageous characteristic of the invention, at least one of the fluid boxes comprises at least one fluid inlet or outlet tubing.
Les tubes de l'échangeur de chaleur de l'invention sont susceptibles de nombreuses variantes de réalisation. Ainsi on peut prévoir, par exemple, que chaque tube est un tube extrudé, ou que chaque tube est formé à partir d'une tôle pliée et fermée par des joints brasés longitudinaux, ou encore que chaque tube est formé de deux plaques de tôle embouties qui sont mutuellement brasées de manière étanche.The tubes of the heat exchanger of the invention are susceptible of numerous variants. So we can provide, for example, that each tube is a tube extruded, or that each tube is formed from a sheet folded and closed by longitudinal brazed joints, or still that each tube is formed of two sheet metal plates stamped parts which are tightly brazed.
Selon encore une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, les canaux des tubes sont séparés par des cloisons dont les épaisseurs respectives décroissent depuis une région centrale du tube vers la périphérie.According to yet another advantageous characteristic of the invention, the channels of the tubes are separated by partitions whose respective thicknesses have decreased since a central region of the tube towards the periphery.
Dans une application préférentielle de l'invention, l'échangeur de chaleur constitue un évaporateur pour un appareil de climatisation.In a preferred application of the invention, the exchanger of heat constitutes an evaporator for a air conditioner.
Dans la description qui suit, faite seulement à titre d'exemple, on se réfère aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :
- la figure 1 est une vue partielle en perspective et en coupe d'une partie d'un échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention, la vue faisant apparaítre le collecteur, la plaque collectrice et l'un des tubes du faisceau ;
- la figure 2 est une vue partielle en perspective d'une boíte à fluide propre à être brasée sur la plaque collectrice de l'échangeur de chaleur de la figure 1 ;
- la figure 3 est une vue partielle en coupe d'une boíte à fluide brasée sur une plaque collectrice d'un échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention ;
- la figure 4 est une vue partielle en perspective éclatée d'un échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention ;
- la figure 5 est un schéma montrant la circulation du fluide dans l'échangeur de chaleur de la figure 4 ;
- la figure 6 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un tube selon l'invention formé par extrusion ;
- la figure 7 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un tube selon l'invention formé à partir d'une tôle ;
- la figure 8 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un tube selon l'invention formé à partir de deux tôles ;
- la figure 9 est une vue partielle en perspective d'un échangeur de chaleur selon une autre forme de réalisation de l'invention ; et
- la figure 10 est une vue en perspective d'une des boítes à fluide de l'échangeur de chaleur de la figure 9.
- Figure 1 is a partial perspective view in section of part of a heat exchanger according to the invention, the view showing the manifold, the collector plate and one of the bundle tubes;
- Figure 2 is a partial perspective view of a fluid box suitable for being brazed on the header plate of the heat exchanger of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a partial sectional view of a fluid box brazed to a header plate of a heat exchanger according to the invention;
- Figure 4 is a partial exploded perspective view of a heat exchanger according to the invention;
- Figure 5 is a diagram showing the circulation of the fluid in the heat exchanger of Figure 4;
- Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a tube according to the invention formed by extrusion;
- Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a tube according to the invention formed from a sheet;
- Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a tube according to the invention formed from two sheets;
- Figure 9 is a partial perspective view of a heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the invention; and
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view of one of the fluid boxes of the heat exchanger of FIG. 9.
On se réfère d'abord à la figure 1 qui montre une partie d'un
échangeur de chaleur comprenant un faisceau ayant une
multiplicité de tubes 10, dont un seul est représenté sur la
figure 1. Il s'agit de tubes plats, disposés suivant une
rangée unique, et réalisés par extrusion d'une matière
métallique, de préférence à base d'aluminium. Ces tubes
comportent une pluralité de canaux internes parallèles 12 qui
sont au nombre de sept, dans l'exemple, et sont séparés par
des cloisons longitudinales 78. La rangée de tubes est
parallèle à deux grandes faces opposées F1 et F2 de l'échangeur
de chaleur.We first refer to Figure 1 which shows part of a
heat exchanger comprising a bundle having a
multiplicity of
Les tubes 10 sont espacés mutuellement pour délimiter, entre
deux tubes adjacents, un intervalle qui peut être libre ou
occupé par un intercalaire ondulé (non représenté) formant
surface d'échange de chaleur.The
Les tubes 10 ont des extrémités respectives 14 reçues dans un
collecteur 16 constitué d'une plaque métallique emboutie de
forme généralé rectangulaire ayant deux côtés longitudinaux
correspondant respectivement aux grandes faces F1 et F2 de
l'échangeur de chaleur. L'extrémité 14 de chaque tube 10
définit une face plane qui s'étend perpendiculairement à la
direction longitudinale du tube et qui constitue aussi
l'extrémité de chaque cloison longitudinale 78The
Le collecteur 16 comporte une pluralité d'ouvertures 18,
encore appelées fentes, ayant une section interne adaptée à
la section externe d'un tube. Chacune des ouvertures 18 est
bordée par un collet 20 en sorte que les ouvertures 18
peuvent recevoir respectivement les extrémités 14 des tubes
10 du faisceau. Les extrémités 14 des tubes sont prévues pour
être brasées avec les collets respectifs 20 pour assurer une
liaison étanche.The
Le collecteur 16 reçoit une plaque collectrice 22 de forme
rectangulaire réalisée avantageusement en une matière à base
d'aluminium. Cette plaque collectrice 22 est prévue pour être
brasée sur le collecteur 16 et pour procurer une surface
plane 24, formant surface de référence, et elle comporte une
multiplicité d'ouvertures 26, encore appelées fentes,
disposées en vis-à-vis des ouvertures respectives 18 du
collecteur 16.The
Ces ouvertures 26 ont une forme adaptée à celle des extrémités
14 des tubes pour que ces dernières s'engagent, au moins
en partie, dans les ouvertures 26, sans toutefois dépasser du
plan défini par la surface plane 24. En fait, l'extrémité 14
de chaque tube est positionnée de manière à se situer
sensiblement au niveau de la surface plane 24.These
La surface plane 24 est prévue pour recevoir une boíte à
fluide 28, comme représenté à la figure 2, qui est réalisée
par emboutissage d'une tôle métallique, avantageusement à
base d'aluminium.The
La boíte à fluide 28 de la figure 2 comprend un pourtour
périphérique 30 de forme générale rectangulaire qui est plan
et propre à venir en appui contre le pourtour de la surface
plane 24. A cet effet, le pourtour 30 possède une forme
générale rectangulaire adaptée à la forme rectangulaire de la
surface plane 24. Dans l'exemple représenté à la figure 2, ce
pourtour comprend notamment deux bords longitudinaux 32.The
En outre, la boíte à fluide 28 comprend une cloison longitudinale
34 qui s'étend parallèlement aux bords 32 et une
cloison transversale 36 qui s'étend perpendiculairement à la
cloison 34 et aux bords 32. Le pourtour 30 ainsi que les
cloisons 34 et 36 sont coplanaires.In addition, the
La boíte à fluide 28 est emboutie pour délimiter des compartiments
entre le pourtour plan 30 et les cloisons 34 et 36.
On trouve ici quatre compartiments : deux compartiments 38 et
40 près de l'un des bords 32 et deux autres compartiments 42
et 44 près de l'autre bord 32.The
On comprendra que lorsque la boíte à fluide 28 est placée et
brasée contre la surface plane 24, la cloison longitudinale
34 vient se placer dans la position désignée par la même
référence sur la figure 1 et que la cloison transversale 36
vient se placer entre deux ouvertures 26 de la plaque
collectrice 22.It will be understood that when the
La figure 3 montre le pourtour 30 de la boíte à fluide 28
appliqué contre le pourtour de la surface d'appui 24 formée
par la plaque collectrice 22, cette dernière étant brasée sur
le collecteur 16. Dans l'exemple représenté, il est prévu au
moins une patte 45 issue d'un bord du collecteur 16 et
repliée sur un bord de la boíte à fluide 28 pour assurer un
maintien provisoire de l'ensemble en vue du brasage.Figure 3 shows the
En variante, la patte 45 pourrait être issue d'un bord de la
plaque collectrice 22 ou de la boíte à fluide 28 et être
repliée respectivement sur un bord du collecteur 16 ou de la
plaque collectrice 22.Alternatively, the tab 45 could come from an edge of the
Dans l'exemple, la cloison longitudinale 34 de la boíte à
fluide (figure 1) vient se placer, pour chaque tube, contre
l'extrémité d'une cloison longitudinale 78 du tube. Ceci
permet de braser ultérieurement la cloison 34 de la boíte à
fluide contre une cloison 78 de chaque tube et, ainsi, de
séparer chaque tube en deux groupes : un premier groupe G1
formé ici de trois canaux et un deuxième groupe G2 formé ici
de quatre canaux.In the example, the
Ceci permet de définir dans l'échangeur de chaleur différentes passes de circulation réparties en deux nappes, à savoir une première nappe formée par le groupe G1 des canaux et une deuxième nappe formée par le groupe G2 des canaux.This allows to define in the heat exchanger different circulation passes divided into two layers, namely a first layer formed by the group G1 of the channels and a second layer formed by the group G2 of the channels.
On va maintenant expliquer plus en détail l'invention en référence à la figure 4 qui décrit un exemple d'un échangeur de chaleur réalisé comme défini ci-dessus.We will now explain the invention in more detail in reference to FIG. 4 which describes an example of an exchanger heat produced as defined above.
On voit sur la figure 4 que l'échangeur de chaleur comprend
un faisceau formé d'une pluralité de tubes 10 comme défini
précédemment, ces tubes 10 étant reçus, à leur extrémité
supérieure, dans un collecteur 16 sur lequel est brasée une
plaque collectrice 22, comme défini plus haut.It can be seen in FIG. 4 that the heat exchanger comprises
a bundle formed of a plurality of
A leur extrémité inférieure, les tubes 10 sont reçus dans un
collecteur analogue (non représenté) sur lequel est brasée
une autre plaque collectrice 22 identique.At their lower end, the
Ces deux plaques collectrices 22, disposées respectivement en
partie supérieure et inférieure, servent de plaques de
référence pour recevoir une première boíte à fluide 28 (en
partie supérieure) et une deuxième boíte à fluide 46 (en
partie inférieure).These two collecting
La boíte à fluide 28 est réalisée conformément aux enseignements
de la figure 2. Dans l'exemple, cette boíte à fluide
comprend un pourtour plan 30 de forme générale rectangulaire,
une cloison longitudinale 48 qui s'étend seulement sur une
partie de la longueur et qui relie un bord transversal 50 du
pourtour à une cloison transversale 52. Le pourtour 30 et les
cloisons 48 et 52 sont coplanaires.The
La boíte à fluide 28 est réalisée par emboutissage pour
définir en outre une tubulure d'entrée 54 et une tubulure de
sortie 56 qui communiquent respectivement avec deux compartiments
58 et 60, lesquels sont séparés par la cloison longitudinale
48. En outre, la boíte à fluide 28 forme une partie en
dôme 62 délimitant un compartiment unique 64.The
La boíte à fluide 46 comporte un pourtour plan 66 de forme
générale rectangulaire et une cloison longitudinale 68 qui
s'étend sur toute la longueur et qui est coplanaire avec le
pourtour 66. La boíte à fluide 46 comprend deux bossages
longitudinaux 70 et 72 définissant deux compartiments
allongés correspondants qui communiquent avec le faisceau.The
On définit ainsi un échangeur de chaleur comprenant une
pluralité de tubes 10, des intercalaires éventuels (non
représentés), deux collecteurs 16 (dont un seul est représenté),
deux plaques collectrices 22, ainsi qu'une boíte à
fluide 28 en partie supérieure et une boíte à fluide 46 en
partie inférieure.This defines a heat exchanger comprising a
plurality of
La cloison 68 de la boíte à fluide 46 est prévue pour diviser
chaque tube de telle manière que le compartiment 70 communique
avec les canaux du groupe G1 et le compartiment 72 avec
les canaux du groupe G2. The
La circulation du fluide dans l'échangeur de chaleur s'effectue
en plusieurs passes comme montré à la figure 5. Le fluide
pénètre dans le compartiment 58 par la tubulure d'entrée 54
et circule dans une première sous-nappe SN1 formée par les
canaux du groupe G1 appartenant à une partie des tubes pour
gagner le compartiment 70 par une circulation verticale de
haut en bas.Fluid circulation in the heat exchanger takes place
in several passes as shown in Figure 5. The fluid
enters
Ensuite, le fluide circule de bas en haut à partir du même
compartiment 70 pour gagner le compartiment 64, la circulation
s'effectuant dans une deuxième sous-nappe SN2. Dans
cette deuxième sous-nappe, le fluide circule dans le groupe
G1 des canaux des autres tubes du faisceau.Then the fluid flows from bottom to top from the
Puis, le fluide gagne le compartiment 72 par une circulation
verticale de haut en bas dans une troisième sous-nappe SN3,
la circulation s'effectuant dans les canaux du groupe G2
d'une partie des tubes.Then, the fluid reaches
Enfin, le fluide gagne le compartiment 60 par une circulation
verticale de bas en haut dans une troisième sous-nappe SN4,
la circulation du fluide s'effectuant dans le groupe G2 des
canaux des autres tubes. Le fluide quitte l'échangeur de
chaleur par la tubulure de sortie 56.Finally, the fluid reaches
Ainsi, la circulation du fluide s'effectue en quatre passes et dans des sens alternés. Les deux premières passes correspondent respectivement aux sous-nappes SN1 et SN2. Ces deux sous-nappes appartiennent à une même nappe qui s'étend à proximité de la grande face F1 de l'échangeur de chaleur. La circulation s'effectue ensuite dans deux autres passes qui correspondent aux sous-nappes SN3 et SN4. Ces deux sous-nappes font partie d'une deuxième nappe qui est reliée en série à la première nappe et qui s'étend parallèlement à la grande face F2 de l'échangeur de chaleur. On comprendra que la première nappe est formée par les groupes G1 des canaux (ici au nombre de trois) et la deuxième nappe par le groupé G2 des canaux (ici au nombre de quatre). Thus, the circulation of the fluid is carried out in four passes and in alternate directions. The first two passes correspond SN1 and SN2 respectively. These two sub-layers belong to the same layer which extends to near the large face F1 of the heat exchanger. The circulation then takes place in two other passes which correspond to the SN3 and SN4 sub-layers. These two tablecloths are part of a second tablecloth which is connected in series at the first layer and which extends parallel to the large face F2 of the heat exchanger. We will understand that the first layer is formed by the groups G1 of the channels (here three in number) and the second layer by the group G2 channels (here four in number).
On se réfère maintenant à la figure 6 qui montre un tube
extrudé 10 selon l'invention qui comprend une multiplicité de
canaux 12, dans l'exemple au nombre de onze.We now refer to Figure 6 which shows a tube
extruded 10 according to the invention which comprises a multiplicity of
Ces canaux ont chacun une section de forme sensiblement
rectangulaire. Le tube comprend deux faces planes 74 réunies
par deux faces semi-circulaires 76. Les tubes sont séparés
par des cloisons 78 qui ont des épaisseurs variables. Les
deux cloisons 78 situées dans la région centrale ont une
épaisseur A et elles sont suivies chacune par des cloisons
ayant des épaisseurs respectives B, C, D et E telles que
A>B>C>D>E. Les épaisseurs des cloisons décroissent ainsi de
la région centrale à la périphérie.These channels each have a substantially shaped section
rectangular. The tube comprises two
Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 7, le tube 10 est
formé à partir d'une tôle 80 pliée de manière à comporter
deux faces planes opposées 82 réunies par deux faces d'extrémité
84 de profil semi-circulaire. La tôle 80 comporte deux
bords longitudinaux 86 assemblés respectivement contre une
partie intermédiaire 88 de la tôle de structure étagée
formant cloison de séparation. Les deux bords 86 sont
assemblés par des joints brasés longitudinaux 88 de manière
à fermer le tube et délimiter deux canaux 12.In the embodiment of Figure 7, the
Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 8, le tube 10 est
formé à partir de deux plaques de tôle embouties 90 qui sont
mutuellement brasées de manière étanche. Ces deux plaques 90
ont des profils symétriques et comprennent chacune deux bords
longitudinaux d'extrémité 92 et un bord longitudinal central
94, parallèles entre eux, qui séparent deux bossages 96. Les
plaques 90 sont mutuellement brasées de manière étanche parleurs
bords respectifs de manière à définir deux canaux 12.In the embodiment of Figure 8, the
L'échangeur de chaleur de la figure 9 s'apparente à celui de
la figure 4 mais diffère cependant par la structure de la
boíte à fluide 28 en partie supérieure et par la structure de
la boíte à fluide 46 en partie inférieure (figure 10). The heat exchanger in Figure 9 is similar to that of
Figure 4 but differs however in the structure of the
La boíte à fluide 28 comprend, comme dans le cas de la figure
4, une tubulure d'entrée 54 et une tubulure.de sortie 56 qui
communiquent respectivement avec deux compartiments 58 et 60
séparés par une cloison longitudinale 48. Mais, la cloison 48
se poursuit au delà de la cloison transversale 52 pour
définir deux autres compartiments 98 et 100.The
La boíte à fluide 46 comporte une cloison longitudinale 68
qui s'étend sur une partie de sa longueur et qui rejoint une
cloison transversale 102. Une autre cloison transversale 104
est prévue à distance de la cloison 102. Il en résulte que la
boíte à fluide 46 délimite deux compartiments longitudinaux
adjacents 70 et 72 de part et d'autre de la cloison 68 et
deux compartiments transversaux 106 et 108 de part et d'autre
de la cloison 104.The
La circulation du fluide dans l'échangeur de chaleur des
figures 9 et 10 s'effectue en six passes réparties en deux
nappes. Dans la première nappe, le fluide circule successivement
dans le premier groupe de canaux en passant successivement
par les compartiments 54, 70, 98 et 106, 98 et 108.
Ensuite, dans la seconde nappe, le fluide circule successivement
dans le second groupe de canaux en passant successivement
par les compartiments 108 et 100, 106 et 100, 72 et
56.The circulation of the fluid in the heat exchanger of
Figures 9 and 10 are carried out in six passes divided in two
plies. In the first layer, the fluid circulates successively
in the first group of channels passing successively
by
L'invention permet ainsi de réaliser un échangeur de chaleur obtenu par brasage de pièces métalliques avantageusement à base d'aluminium. L'utilisation de tubes à plusieurs canaux permet de définir, dans chaque tube, au moins deux groupes de canaux correspondant respectivement à au moins deux nappes de circulation. Du fait que chaque collecteur offre une surface plane pour rapporter la plaque collectrice, cela permet d'obtenir une étanchéité parfaite entre cette surface plane et la boíte à fluide et de définir des compartiments pour la circulation du fluide en plusieurs passes.The invention thus makes it possible to produce a heat exchanger obtained by brazing metal parts advantageously at aluminum base. The use of multi-channel tubes allows to define, in each tube, at least two groups of channels corresponding respectively to at least two layers of circulation. Because each collector offers a surface flat to bring back the collector plate, this allows to obtain a perfect seal between this flat surface and the fluid box and define compartments for the circulation of the fluid in several passes.
En particulier, l'invention permet de réaliser un échangeur de chaleur avec une circulation en deux nappes, ce qui entraíne un meilleur équilibrage en température de l'échangeur. Ceci est tout particulièrement intéressant dans le cas où l'échangeur de chaleur est réalisé sous la forme d'un évaporateur.In particular, the invention makes it possible to produce an exchanger heat with circulation in two layers, which leads to better temperature balancing of the exchanger. This is particularly interesting in the case where the heat exchanger is made in the form of a evaporator.
Dans chaque nappe, on peut prévoir au moins deux passes, généralement deux, trois ou quatre passes.In each tablecloth, at least two passes can be provided, usually two, three or four passes.
De façon générale, l'invention permet de simplifier le procédé d'assemblage de l'échangeur de chaleur tout en offrant une étanchéité.In general, the invention makes it possible to simplify the method of assembling the heat exchanger while providing a seal.
En outre, l'échangeur de chaleur ainsi réalisé possède une résistance renforcée à l'éclatement et permet de diminuer les contraintes de pression sur les boítes à fluide et les collecteurs, du fait que chacune des boítes à fluide peut posséder une hauteur plus faible.In addition, the heat exchanger thus produced has a reinforced resistance to bursting and reduces pressure constraints on the fluid boxes and collectors, since each of the fluid boxes can have a lower height.
L'invention trouve une application particulière dans le domaine des appareils de chauffage et/ou de climatisation pour des véhicules automobiles.The invention finds a particular application in the heating and / or air conditioning equipment for motor vehicles.
Claims (13)
- Heat exchanger, in particular evaporator, comprising a bundle of tubes that is mounted between two fluid boxes by means of respective manifolds and is capable of being traversed by a fluid, in which heat exchanger the tubes (10) each comprise several ducts (12) separated by at least one longitudinal partition (68) and are arranged in a single row, parallel to two large faces (F1, F2) of the exchanger, the flow of the fluid taking place in at least two layers (SN1, SN2; SN3, SN4) parallel to the large faces of the exchanger and each formed by a part (G1, G2) of the ducts (12) of the tubes, and at least one of the fluid boxes (28, 46) comprises an internal longitudinal partition (48, 68) capable of dividing the manifold box into at least two longitudinal compartments communicating with the two layers, respectively, characterized in that each manifold (16) comprises openings (18) surrounded by flanges (20) for the introduction of the tubes of the bundle and is provided with a plane surface (22, 24), and in that each fluid box (28, 46) comprises a plane periphery (30, 66) and at least one coplanar partition (48; 52; 68) that are capable of being brazed against the plane surface (24) of the manifold (16).
- Heat exchanger according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one (28) of the fluid boxes comprises at least one transverse partition (52) capable of dividing the fluid box into at least two transverse compartments (58, 60, 64), at least one of which establishes a communication between two layers.
- Heat exchanger according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that each layer is divided into at least two sub-layers (SN1, SN2, SN3, SN4) connected in series and in which the flow of the fluid takes place in counter-current mode from one sub-layer to the next.
- Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the plane surface (24) of each manifold (16) forms part of a manifold plate (22) attached by brazing to the manifold and comprising openings (26) aligned with the openings (18) of the manifold.
- Heat exchanger according to Claim 4, characterized in that it comprises at least one lug (45) originating from one edge of the manifold (16) or of the manifold plate (22), or of the fluid box (28, 46), the said lug being folded over respectively onto one edge of the fluid box (28, 46), or onto one edge of the manifold (16) or of the manifold plate (22).
- Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the end (14) of at least one longitudinal partition (78) of the tube (10) is positioned substantially at the level of the plane surface (22, 24), in such a way that this longitudinal partition (78) of the tube can be brazed onto an internal longitudinal partition (48, 68) of the fluid box.
- Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fluid boxes (28, 46) are each formed by stamping a metal plate in order to define the plane periphery (30, 66) and the coplanar partition or partitions.
- Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one of the fluid boxes (28, 46) comprises at least one fluid inlet or outlet pipe (54, 56).
- Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that each tube (10) is an extruded tube.
- Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that each tube (10) is formed from a metal sheet (80) folded and closed by longitudinal brazed joints (88).
- Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that each tube (10) is formed from two stamped sheet metal plates (90) that are brazed together so as to be leaktight.
- Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the ducts (12) of the tubes (10) are separated by partitions (78) having respective thicknesses (A, B, C, D, E) that decrease from a central region of the tube towards the periphery.
- Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it is produced in the form of an evaporator for an air-conditioning apparatus.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9916666 | 1999-12-29 | ||
FR9916666A FR2803378B1 (en) | 1999-12-29 | 1999-12-29 | MULTI-CHANNEL TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER, PARTICULARLY FOR MOTOR VEHICLES |
PCT/FR2000/003629 WO2001050080A2 (en) | 1999-12-29 | 2000-12-21 | Multichannel tube heat exchanger |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1192402A2 EP1192402A2 (en) | 2002-04-03 |
EP1192402B1 true EP1192402B1 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
Family
ID=9553978
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00993738A Expired - Lifetime EP1192402B1 (en) | 1999-12-29 | 2000-12-21 | Multichannel tube heat exchanger, in particular for motor vehicle |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6749015B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1192402B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4869530B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60011616T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2223649T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2803378B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001050080A2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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-
2000
- 2000-12-21 JP JP2001549981A patent/JP4869530B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-21 DE DE60011616T patent/DE60011616T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-21 US US09/914,465 patent/US6749015B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-21 EP EP00993738A patent/EP1192402B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-21 ES ES00993738T patent/ES2223649T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-21 WO PCT/FR2000/003629 patent/WO2001050080A2/en active IP Right Grant
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2196750A2 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2010-06-16 | Behr GmbH & Co. KG | Reservoir of a heat exchanger, in particular for an air conditioner of a motor vehicle and heat exchanger, in particular evaporator for a motor vehicle air conditioner |
DE102008061762A1 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2010-06-17 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Collector of a heat exchanger, in particular for an air conditioning system of a motor vehicle and heat exchanger, in particular evaporator for a motor vehicle air conditioning system |
EP4198440A1 (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-06-21 | Valeo Vymeniky Tepla S.r.o. | A heat exchanger |
EP4198439A1 (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-06-21 | Valeo Vymeniky Tepla S.r.o. | A heat exchanger |
WO2023110408A1 (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-06-22 | Valeo Vymeniky Tepla S. R. O. | A heat exchanger |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60011616T2 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
US6749015B2 (en) | 2004-06-15 |
DE60011616D1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
EP1192402A2 (en) | 2002-04-03 |
WO2001050080A2 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
ES2223649T3 (en) | 2005-03-01 |
JP4869530B2 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
US20020134538A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
JP2003519356A (en) | 2003-06-17 |
FR2803378A1 (en) | 2001-07-06 |
WO2001050080A3 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
FR2803378B1 (en) | 2004-03-19 |
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