EP1804013A1 - Structure du cýur d'un échangeur de chaleur - Google Patents

Structure du cýur d'un échangeur de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1804013A1
EP1804013A1 EP06127250A EP06127250A EP1804013A1 EP 1804013 A1 EP1804013 A1 EP 1804013A1 EP 06127250 A EP06127250 A EP 06127250A EP 06127250 A EP06127250 A EP 06127250A EP 1804013 A1 EP1804013 A1 EP 1804013A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
corrugations
inner fin
corrugated inner
corrugated
portions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06127250A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Masayoshi Shinhama
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Marelli Corp
Original Assignee
Calsonic Kansei Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Calsonic Kansei Corp filed Critical Calsonic Kansei Corp
Publication of EP1804013A1 publication Critical patent/EP1804013A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0391—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits a single plate being bent to form one or more conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a core structure of a heat exchanger, which has a plurality of flat tubes each containing a corrugated inner fin in a state where the inner fin is fixed to an inner surface of the flat tube.
  • a conventional core structure of a heat exchanger of this kind is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model laid-open publication No. (Jikkaisyo) 59 - 148978 , Japanese Patents laid-open publication No. (Tokkaihei) 07 - 265985 , No. (Tokkkaihei) 08 - 71836 , No. (Tokkaihei) 09 - 229578 , and No. 2004 - 061032 .
  • These conventional core structures have a plurality of flat tubes and corrugated inner fins contained in the flat tubes and fixed to their inner surfaces by brazing.
  • the flat tubes has an upper flat wall portion, a lower flat wall portion arranged in parallel to the upper flat portion, a first arc wall portion continued to connect one end portions of the upper and lower wall portions, and a second arc wall portion continued to connect the other end portions of the upper and lower wall portions, and are integrally formed horizontally long and vertically short.
  • the flat tubes and the corrugated inner fins are formed by press working, respectively.
  • the vertical length of the corrugated inner fin is formed to be slightly longer than the vertical length between the inner surfaces of the upper and lower flat wall portions of the flat tube.
  • the corrugated inner fin is inserted into the flat tube, and the upper and lower wall portions of the tube are pressed from above and below so that top portions and bottom portions of the corrugated inner fin can be in close contact with the upper and lower surfaces of the flat tube.
  • the corrugated inner fin and the flat tube are brazed with each other in a state where they are kept to be in close contact therewith.
  • an object of the present invention to provide a core structure of a heat exchanger which overcomes the foregoing drawbacks and can improve the compressive strength of a corrugated inner fin in order to prevent it from experiencing compressive buckling and/or being improperly tilted when a flat tube containing the corrugated inner fin is pressed from above and below, so that the corrugated inner fin and the flat tube can be surely brazed with each other.
  • an inner fin adapted for a heat exchanger core structure of a heat exchanger where a core part is arranged between a pair of tanks.
  • the core structure includes a plurality of flat tubes having an upper wall portion and a lower wall portion; and a plurality of corrugated inner fins formed in a corrugated shape so that each corrugated inner fin has top portions for being fixed to an inner surface of the upper wall portion, bottom portions for being fixed to an inner surface of the lower wall portion, and slanted portions for connecting the top portion with adjacent bottom portions thereof.
  • the corrugated inner fin has first corrugations located at both end sides of the corrugated inner fin and second corrugations located between the first corrugations, where each of the first and the second corrugations has the top portion and the adjacent slanted portions which project from the bottom portions.
  • the first corrugations of the corrugated inner fin are set to have a smaller front-back directional length than the front-back directional length of the second corrugations.
  • the core structure of the invention can improve the compressive strength of the corrugated inner fin in order to prevent it from experiencing compressive buckling and/or being improperly tilted when the flat tube containing the corrugated inner fin is pressed from above and below, so that the corrugated inner fin and the flat tube can be surely brazed with each other.
  • the corrugated inner fin has at least one third corrugation which is smaller in the front-back directional length than the second corrugations and arranged between the second corrugations.
  • the number of the third corrugations located at a front side of the corrugated inner fin is larger than the number of the third corrugations located at a rear side of the corrugated inner fin.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings there is shown a condenser C having a core part 3 of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the condenser C is used for an air conditioning system of a motor vehicle in this embodiment, and includes a right tank 1, a left tank 2, the core part 3 arranged between the right and left tanks 1 and 2, an upper reinforced member 7, and a lower reinforced member 8.
  • the right tank 1 is formed like a circular cylinder, and is fixed at its top end portion with an upper cap 4a for covering its upper opening and at its bottom portion with a lower cap 4b for covering its lower opening.
  • the right tank 1 is provided at its upper portion with an inlet connector 1b having a communicating passage 1a fluidically communicating with a first room R1 formed inside the right tank 1.
  • the inlet connector 1b is connected with a not-shown compressor.
  • the left tank 2 is also formed like a circular cylinder, and is fixed at its top end portion with a left upper cap 4a for covering its upper opening and at its bottom portion with a lower cap 4b for covering its lower opening.
  • the left tank 2 is provided at its lower portion with an outlet connector 2b having a communicating passage 2a fluidically communicating with a second room R1 formed inside the left tank 1.
  • the outlet connector 2b is connected with a not-shown expansion valve through a not-shown receiver.
  • the right and left tanks 1 and 2 are fixed with each other by the upper reinforced member 7 connecting the upper portions thereof and by the lower reinforced member 8 connecting the lower portions thereof.
  • the core part 2 includes a plurality of flat tubes 5 each containing a corrugated inner fin 10, which is shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, and a plurality of corrugated outer fins 6.
  • the corrugated outer fins 6 and the flat tubes 5 are arranged alternately with each other, extending between the right and left tanks 1 and 2.
  • the flat tubes 5 are connected with the right and left tanks 1 and 2 so that right end portions of the flat tubes 5 are fluidically communicating with the first room R1 of the right tank 1 and left end portions of the flat tubes 5 are fluidically connecting with the second room R2 of the left tank 2.
  • FW front side direction
  • RW rear side direction
  • the flat tube 5 is formed from one aluminum sheet by press forming to have an upper flat wall portion 5a, a lower flat wall portion 5b, a front arc wall portion 5c, rear arc wall portion 5d, and upper and lower folded wall portions 5e.
  • the lower wall portion 5b is arranged in parallel to the upper flat wall portion 5a, and the front arc wall portion 5c is integrally formed with front end portions of the upper and lower flat wall portions 5a and 5b to connect therewith.
  • the rear arc wall portion 5d is formed by confronting and brazing an upper rear arc wall portion and a lower rear arc wall portion with each other, and the upper and lower folded wall portions 5e are faxed and fixed with each other by brazing.
  • the flat tube 5 is formed vertically long and horizontally short, and contains the corrugated inner fin 10.
  • the corrugated inner fin 10 is formed in a corrugated form by press forming to have a plurality of top portions 10a and a plurality of bottom portions 10b so that the top portions 10a and the bottom portions 10b are arranged alternately with each other.
  • the top portions 10a and the bottom portions 10b are formed to be flat so that they can fit inner surfaces of the upper wall portion 5a and the lower wall portions 5b of the flat tube 5, respectively.
  • Each top portion 10a is connected with its adjacent bottom portions 10b by slanted portions 10c.
  • the height H1, shown in FIG. 4, of the corrugated inner fin 10 is slightly higher than the length H2, shown in FIG. 3, formed between the inner surfaces of the flat tube 5.
  • first front-back directional lengths W1 of at least first corrugations N1, which are formed at both end sides of the corrugated inner fin 10, are set to be smaller than second front-back directional lengths W2 of the second corrugations N2 arranged between the both-end corrugations N1 except for the front-back directional lengths of third corrugations N3.
  • the third corrugations N3 are arranged between the second corrugations N2 to have the same front-back directional lengths W1 as those of the first corrugations N1.
  • the number of the third corrugations N3 is set to be lower than that of the second corrugations N2.
  • the corrugated inner fin 10 has the first corrugation N1, two second corrugations N2, the third corrugation N3, four second corrugations N2, the third corrugation N3, two second corrugations N2, and the first corrugation N1, in these order in a direction from the front side toward the rear side.
  • the third corrugations N3 are not indispensable in the invention.
  • All parts of the core part C are made of alminum, and one-side parts of their connecting parts are provided with a clad layer of brazing material or a brazing sheet for brazing process. Then, by brazing, the top portions 10a of the corrugated inner fin 10 are fixed to the inner surface of the upper wall portion 5a of the flat tube 5, the bottom portions 10b of the corrugated inner fin 10 are fixed to the inner surfaces of the lower wall portion 5b of the flat tube 5, and the upper and lower folded portions 5e are fixed with each other.
  • the core part 3 of the first embodiment is manufactured as follows.
  • the flat tube 5 is press-formed to have the upper and lower wall portions 5a and 5b, the front and rear arc wall portions 5a and 5d, and the upper and lower folded wall portions 5e. In this state, the upper and lower wall portions 5e are separated from each other as shown in FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 6 shows how to manufacture the corrugated inner fins 10.
  • a corrugated inner-fin manufacturing system includes a roll 12, five roller devices 13a to 13e, a cutter 14, and a not-shown conveying device.
  • the roll 15 is wound around it with aluminum material 11, to be supplied to the rollers 15 and 16, including core material made of aluminum, whose inner surface and outer surface are provided with brazing layers.
  • Each roller device 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d, and 13e includes a pair of upper rotary roll 15 rotatable in a rotation direction RA, shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, and a lower rotary roll 16 rotatable in a rotation direction RB, shown in FIGS. 6 and 8, opposite to the rotation direction RA.
  • the upper rotary roller 15 has first teeth 15a and second teeth 15b.
  • the first teeth 15a are arranged at positions corresponding to the first corrugations N1 and the third corrugations N3 so as to form lower-side surface configurations of the first and third corrugations N1 and N3.
  • the second teeth 15b are wider than the first teeth 15a, and are arranged at positions corresponding to the second corrugations N2 so as to form the lower-side surface configurations of the second corrugations N2.
  • the lower rotary roller 16 has first grooves 16a and second grooves 16b.
  • the first grooves 16a are formed to receive the first teeth 15a so as to form upper-side surface configurations of the first corrugations N1 and the third corrugations N3.
  • the second grooves 16b are formed to receive the second teeth 15b so as to form upper-side surface configurations of the second corrugations N2.
  • the upper rotary roller 15 and the lower rotary roller 16 are set to be vertically apart by a predetermined distance corresponding to a thickness of the corrugated inner fin 10, and the aluminum material 11 are inserted therebetween and press-formed to be corrugated.
  • the corrugated aluminum material 11 is conveyed to the cutter 14 moving upward and downward as indicated by an arrow UD, and then is cut into the corrugated inner fin 10 having a predetermined length.
  • the corrugated outer fins 6 are manufactured similarly to the corrugated inner fins 10.
  • the corrugated inner fin 10 is inserted into the inner space of the flat tube 5 as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, and the upper and lower folded wall portions 5e are moved to contact with each other.
  • the flat tube 5 containing the corrugated inner fin 10 are pressed from above and below by using jigs, not shown, so that the top portions 10a of the corrugated inner fin 10a and the inner surface of the upper wall portion 5a of the flat tube 5 are surely in contact with each other and the bottom portions 10b of the corrugated inner fin 10 and the inner surface of the lower wall portion 5b of the flat tube 5 are in contact with each other.
  • the flat tube 5 containing the corrugated inner fin 10 is prevented from causing compressive buckling and/or being improperly tilted, because the two end portions of the inner fin 10 have the first corrugations N1 smaller in the front-back directional length than the second corrugations N2, to increase its compressive strength at the two end portions thereof, although both end portions of the flat tube containing the conventional corrugated inner fin have weak compressive strength.
  • the flat tube 5, containing the corrugated inner fin 10, with the jigs is brought into a not-shown heating furnace to be heated to braze the corrugated inner fin 10 and the flat tube 5 with each other.
  • all parts of the condenser C including the right and left tanks 1 and 2, the upper and lower reinforced members 7 and 8, the corrugated outer fins 6, the flat tubes 5 with the corrugated inner fins 10, the inlet connector 1b and the outlet connector 2b, are temporally assembled with one another, and then the temporally assembled parts are brought into another heat furnace and are brazed to integrally form the condenser C.
  • the heat treatment of the flat tubes 5 and the heat treatment of the all parts are independently performed in the first embodiment, while they may be brazed at the same time.
  • the condenser C is mounted on a front portion of the motor vehicle body and is fluidically connected with parts of the air conditioning system.
  • the heat transfer medium having a temperature of approximately 70°C is led from the compressor to the first room R1 of the right tank 1 through the communicating passage 1a of the inlet connector 1b and a not-shown pipe, and flows through the flat tubes t toward the left tank 2, being cooled down to a temperature of approximately 40°C by the air caused when the motor vehicle and/or the air generated by a not-shown motor fan.
  • the heat transfer medium flown into the left tank 2 is discharged toward the evaporator through the communicating passage 2a of the outlet connector 2b and a not-shown pipe.
  • the corrugated inner fins 10 improve a heat transfer efficiency of the condenser C by their large heat-transfer area.
  • the corrugated inner fins 10 are set thinner, and accordingly decrease the drag force caused when the heat transfer medium flows in the flat tubes 5.
  • the core structure of the first embodiment has the following advantages.
  • the corrugated inner fin 10 has the first corrugations N1, which are smaller in the front-back directional length than the second corrugations N2 and are arranged at the two end portions of the corrugated inner fin 10. Therefore, the flat tube 5 containing the inner fin 10 has improved compressive strength especially at its both end portions, thereby being prevented from experiencing compressive buckling and/or being improperly tilted during the press working of the flat tube 5. This can provide sure and firm brazing thereof, and allows the corrugated inner fin 10 to be thinner than the conventional corrugated inner fins. Accordingly, the drag force can be decreased, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency of the condenser C.
  • a corrugated inner fin 20 is inserted into a flat tube 5 and fixed to each other by using brazing, similarly to those of the first embodiment.
  • the corrugated inner fin 20 has first corrugations N4 at both end portions of the corrugated inner fin 20 and second corrugations N5 arranged at a front side thereof, and third corrugations N6 arranged at rear side thereof.
  • the first and third corrugations N4 and N6 are set to have a front-back directional length W1 smaller than a front-back directional length W2 of the second corrugations N5.
  • the corrugated inner fin 20 can increase the compressive strength of the flat tube 5 containing the corrugated inner fin 20, especially at its two end portions.
  • the heat transfer efficiency between heat transfer medium and the air through the corrugated inner fin 10 when a flow amount of the heat transfer medium is small because more of the heat transfer medium flows through a front portion of the flat tube 5, which causes a smaller drag force than that through a rear portion thereof.
  • the second corrugations N5 are arranged at the front side of the corrugated inner fin 20, so that a strength at the front side becomes weaker than a strength at the rear side. This can absorb an impact force acting from an exterior of the condenser C, for example, when a jumping stone hits the flat tube 5 during the motor vehicle running.
  • the number of the third corrugations located at a front side of the corrugated inner fin are larger than the number of the third corrugations located at a rear side of the corrugated inner fins, where the number of the rear-side third corrugations may be zero or more.
  • a core structure, of a heat exchanger, of a third embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
  • a corrugated inner fin 30, used in a flat tube of the core structure of the third embodiment has at least two first corrugations N1 at each end portion of the corrugated inner fin 30.
  • the condenser C is used as the heat exchanger of the present invention, while it may employ an oil cooler and the like, using the corrugated inner fins 10, 20, or 30.
  • the first corrugations, the second corrugations, and the third corrugations are arranged symmetrically with respect to the front-back direction of the corrugated inner fin.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP06127250A 2005-12-27 2006-12-27 Structure du cýur d'un échangeur de chaleur Withdrawn EP1804013A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2005373843A JP2007178010A (ja) 2005-12-27 2005-12-27 熱交換器用インナーフィン

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1804013A1 true EP1804013A1 (fr) 2007-07-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06127250A Withdrawn EP1804013A1 (fr) 2005-12-27 2006-12-27 Structure du cýur d'un échangeur de chaleur

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US (1) US20070163768A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1804013A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2007178010A (fr)

Cited By (2)

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CN103292521A (zh) * 2012-03-05 2013-09-11 萨帕铝热传输(上海)有限公司 换热器、换热器翅片制造设备和换热器翅片制造方法
CN106568188A (zh) * 2016-10-20 2017-04-19 湖北美力防护设施科技有限公司 高强度翅片

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FR2962204B1 (fr) * 2010-06-30 2014-11-21 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Tube d'echangeur de chaleur, echangeur de chaleur comportant de tels tubes et procede d'obtention d'un tel tube.
WO2013057953A1 (fr) * 2011-10-19 2013-04-25 パナソニック株式会社 Appareil d'échange de chaleur
KR101288490B1 (ko) * 2011-11-16 2013-07-26 디에스티 주식회사 내장형 스레트핀 성형장치
JP5517082B2 (ja) * 2012-01-17 2014-06-11 株式会社デンソー 波板製造装置、波板製造方法および熱交換器
JP6414482B2 (ja) * 2015-02-17 2018-10-31 株式会社デンソー オフセットフィン製造方法およびオフセットフィン製造装置
JP2018087660A (ja) * 2016-11-29 2018-06-07 株式会社デンソー ドロンカップ式熱交換器
US10828853B2 (en) * 2016-11-30 2020-11-10 The Boeing Company Thermal management device and method using phase change material
JP6787301B2 (ja) * 2017-11-28 2020-11-18 株式会社デンソー 熱交換器のチューブ及び熱交換器
JP7126388B2 (ja) * 2018-06-28 2022-08-26 昭和電工パッケージング株式会社 樹脂融着製熱交換器
JP7263834B2 (ja) * 2019-02-26 2023-04-25 株式会社Ihi 熱交換構造
JP7410713B2 (ja) * 2019-12-25 2024-01-10 株式会社レゾナック 熱交換器
JP2024061208A (ja) * 2022-10-21 2024-05-07 東京ラヂエーター製造株式会社 ラジエータ

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EP1482269A2 (fr) * 2003-05-26 2004-12-01 Tréfimétaux S.A. Tubes rainurés pour échangeurs thermiques à fluide monophasique, typiquement aqueux

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103292521A (zh) * 2012-03-05 2013-09-11 萨帕铝热传输(上海)有限公司 换热器、换热器翅片制造设备和换热器翅片制造方法
CN106568188A (zh) * 2016-10-20 2017-04-19 湖北美力防护设施科技有限公司 高强度翅片

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US20070163768A1 (en) 2007-07-19

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