EP1482269A2 - Tubes rainurés pour échangeurs thermiques à fluide monophasique, typiquement aqueux - Google Patents
Tubes rainurés pour échangeurs thermiques à fluide monophasique, typiquement aqueux Download PDFInfo
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- EP1482269A2 EP1482269A2 EP04007195A EP04007195A EP1482269A2 EP 1482269 A2 EP1482269 A2 EP 1482269A2 EP 04007195 A EP04007195 A EP 04007195A EP 04007195 A EP04007195 A EP 04007195A EP 1482269 A2 EP1482269 A2 EP 1482269A2
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ribs
- typically
- tubes
- tubes according
- equal
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000826860 Trapezium Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000006766 Cornus mas Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003363 Cornus mas Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012550 audit Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 101100069857 Caenorhabditis elegans hil-4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241001080024 Telles Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002051 biphasic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 101100334009 Caenorhabditis elegans rib-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000763 evoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium formate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=O WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
- Y10S165/51—Heat exchange having heat exchange surface treatment, adjunct or enhancement
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
- Y10T29/49377—Tube with heat transfer means
- Y10T29/49378—Finned tube
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
- Y10T29/49377—Tube with heat transfer means
- Y10T29/49378—Finned tube
- Y10T29/49382—Helically finned
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of tubes for heat exchangers, and more especially the field of heat exchanger tubes using a so-called fluid "monophasic", that is to say a fluid for which the heat exchange does not understand a cycle of evaporation and condensation, the so-called “two-phase” fluids being those which put into play the latent heat of vaporization and condensation.
- Japanese Application No. 57-58088 discloses V-grooved tubes, with H between 0.02 mm and 0.2 mm, and with an angle ⁇ between 4 ° and 15 °. Neighboring tubes are described in Japanese Application No. 57-58094.
- Japanese Application No. 52-38663 discloses tubes with V or U grooves, with H between 0.02 and 0.2 mm, a pitch P between 0.1 and 0.5 mm and an angle ⁇ between 4 and 15 °.
- U.S. Patent No. 4,044,797 discloses V or U groove tubes adjacent to the preceding tubes.
- Japanese Utility Model No. 55-180186 discloses trapezoidal grooved tubes and triangular ribs, with a height H of 0.15 to 0.25 mm, a pitch P of 0.56 mm, a apex angle ⁇ (angle called ⁇ in this document) typically equal to 73 °, an angle ⁇ of 30 °, and an average thickness of 0.44 mm.
- U.S. Patent Nos. 4,545,428 and 4,480,684 disclose V-grooved tubes and triangular ribs, with the height H between 0.1 and 0.6 mm, a pitch P between 0.2 and 0.6 mm, an apex angle ⁇ between 50 and 100 °, an angle helix ⁇ between 16 and 35 °.
- Japanese Patent No. 62-25959 describes tubes with grooves and trapezoidal ribs, with a groove depth H between 0.2 and 0.5 mm, a pitch P between 0.3 and 1.5 mm, the average width of the grooves being at least equal to the width average ribs.
- the pitch P is 0.70 mm and the helix angle ⁇ is 10 °.
- the European patent EP-B1-701 680 in the name of the applicant, describes tubes grooved, with grooves with flat bottom and with ribs of different heights H, angle with a helix ⁇ of between 5 and 50 °, with an apex angle ⁇ of between 30 and 60 °, so get better performance after crimping the tubes and fitting in the exchangers.
- the present invention relates to tubes or exchangers in the field of fluids monophasic and for reversible applications, ie tubes or exchangers which may be used with water or brine as coolants or coolers, that is, typically to cool air in the heat exchangers air conditioners, typically to heat air in said exchangers.
- said helix angle ⁇ may preferably range from 25 ° to 35 °. Indeed, it is the field which makes it possible to obtain a high coefficient of exchange Hi and which allows to be manufactured by grooving a tube, the exchange coefficient Hi decreasing substantially for the lower values of the helix angle ⁇ and the speed of decreasing manufacturing for higher values of ⁇ helix.
- said apex angle ⁇ may be typically less than 45 ° and may be preferably between 15 and 30 °. Indeed, for higher values of the apex angle ⁇ , the exchange coefficient Hi tends to decrease, and for lower values, there are manufacturing difficulties, in particular because of the wear of tools or shaping mandrels, and in addition the acute angles tend to be destroyed during the formation of a battery with fin, during the expansion of the tubes.
- the H / De ratio may be 0.028 ⁇ 0.3.
- the ratio P / H can go from 3.5 to 7, but the best results are obtained when this report goes from preferably from 4 to 6 (see test A for example), and in particular for H values relatively high at least equal to 0.30 mm.
- said ribs may be triangular, trapezoidal or quadrilateral, possibly at rounded corners.
- said ribs may have a "trapezoid" type profile with a base and an apex, said vertex comprising a substantially flat central portion, and possibly sloping with respect to said base, as illustrated in FIG. 2c. .
- the top of said rib forming a short side of the trapezium may have rounded edges, as is often the case when the profile of the ribs forms a triangle.
- said rounded apex and / or said rounded edges may have radii of curvature less than 100 ⁇ m
- the connection of ribs audits funds typically dishes having radii of curvature of less than 100 ⁇ m, preferably from 20 to 50 ⁇ m.
- Said rounded vertex or rounded edges may have a radius of curvature preferably less than 80 ⁇ m, said radius of curvature being typically 40 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m.
- said ribs may be symmetrical and connect to said typically flat bottoms with right and left connection angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 such that ⁇ 1 - ⁇ 2 is typically equal to 0 or at most equal to 10 °, so as to form symmetrical or quasi-symmetrical ribs.
- said ribs may be connected to said typically flat bottoms with right and left connection angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 such that ⁇ 1 - ⁇ 2 is at least equal to 10 °, so to form asymmetrical or inclined ribs.
- said ribs may form an alternating succession of ribs having right and left connection angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 for one, and ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 1 for the other.
- said ribs may have a base of triangular shape over a height h B and a vertex of trapezoidal shape over a height h s , with H being equal to h B + h S , and h B / h S ranging from typically from 1 to 2.
- said tubes may comprise secondary ribs of height H ' ⁇ 0.5.H and typically located at mid-distance between two ribs of height H or height H1 and H2.
- said tubes can comprise in addition an axial grooving creating in said ribs profile notches typically triangular with rounded apex, said vertex having an angle ⁇ ranging from 25 to 65 °, said lower part or top is at a distance h from the bottom of said grooves ranging from 0 to 0.2 mm.
- the grooved tubes according to the invention can be made of Cu and alloys of Cu, Al and alloys of Al, Fe and Fe alloys. These tubes, typically not fluted, can be obtained typically by grooving tubes, or possibly by flat grooving of a metal strip and forming a welded tube. These tubes may be of typically round cross section, oval or rectangular. They may be of oval or rectangular section, particularly in the case of welded tubes.
- Another subject of the invention consists of heat exchangers using tubes according to the invention.
- these exchangers may comprise heat exchange fins in contact with said tubes on a fraction of said tubes, in which the maximum distance between said fins and said tubes, on the fraction that is not in contact. is less than 0.01 mm, and preferably less than 0.005 mm.
- Another object of the invention is constituted by the use of tubes according to the invention, and by the use of exchangers according to the invention, tubes and exchangers in which the coolant or coolant fluid is used as a monophasic fluid typically chosen. among: water, aqueous glycol solutions typically with 30% glycol, K formate and / or actetate solutions, sorbets, organic liquids, liquid CO 2 .
- the coolant or heat transfer fluid can be used as a typically selected monophasic fluid with dynamic viscosity characteristics of between 0.5 and 30 mPa and a Prandtl number of between 5 and 160.
- Grooved copper tubes according to the invention having a diameter of 12.0 mm outside diameter, tubes referenced A, B, C, D and G, and control tubes referenced E, F and G, the tube referenced L corresponding to a smooth control tube.
- other tests have been carried out of other diameters De, tests which have shown that the grooving according to the invention made it possible to choose a thickness Tf with a groove bottom such that Tf / De is equal to 0.023 ⁇ 0.005, which leads to a thickness Tf substantially lower than the standard thickness and therefore a significant weight gain, the tube retaining satisfactory mechanical performance of use. Ref.
- the tubes were tested with two types of monophasic fluids: on the one hand an aqueous solution of 30% by volume of monopropylene glycol, and on the other hand a K formate solution of up to -30.degree. last having a freezing temperature of -55 ° C, against -40 ° C for monopropylene glycol solution. The tests were carried out at + 5 ° C and at -5 ° C.
- the dynamic viscosity (m.Pa.s) of the solutions used at these two temperatures was measured: T Monopropylene glycol (m.Pa.s) K formate solution - 5 ° C 20 4.5 + 5 ° C 10 2.5
- the number of Prandtl for monopropylene glycol was measured: 142 to -5 ° C. and 80 to + 5 ° C.
- the number of Prandtl is 20 to + 5 ° C.
- the tubes A, B, C, D and G have a weight per meter of 125 g / m, whereas the control tubes E and F, which correspond to grooved tubes of the state of the art, have a weight per meter 140 g / m, the tube L having a weight per meter of 130 g / m.
- the weight gain is 10% compared to the grooved tubes of the state of the art and 4% compared to the smooth tube generally used in this application.
- the heat exchange coefficient Hi was measured as a function of the pressure drop dP (Pa / m).
- the following table gives the values of Hi for a pressure drop of 14 KPa / m and 16 KPa / m: DP KPa / m HiA HiC HiG HiF HiE HiL 14 3209 2777 2640 2300 2300 2300 16 3664 3300 3050 2936 2709 2709
- the tests at + 5 ° C. were carried out on the tubes A, B, C, E, F and L.
- the heat exchange coefficient Hi was measured as a function of the pressure drop dP (Pa / m).
- the following table gives the values of Hi for a pressure drop of 4 KPa / m. of 8 KPa / m and 12 KPa / m: Dp KPa / m HiA HiB HiC HiE HiF HiL 4 2545 2273 1591 1591 1591 1591 8 4000 3545 2455 2273 2273 2273 12 4545 4409 3409 3045 2909 2773
- the heat exchange coefficient Hi was measured as a function of the pressure drop dP (Pa / m).
- the following table gives the values of Hi for a pressure drop of 4, 8 and 12 KPa / m: Dp KPa / m HiA HiB HiC HiE HiF HiL 4 3256 2325 2791 2325 2325 2325 8 4000 3674 4280 3442 3674 3116 12 4744 4465 5000 4465 4465 3581
- the tube A is extremely efficient and advantageous.
- tubes B and C may be advantageous.
- the tube B may be in the case of a heat exchange at + 5 ° C with an aqueous monopropylene glycol solution as a fluid flowing in the exchanger.
- the tube C may be advantageous in the case of a heat exchange at + 5 ° C with an aqueous solution of K formate as a fluid flowing in the exchanger.
- the invention has great advantages.
- the invention allows on the one hand to have heat exchanger tubes of high efficiency with regard to heat exchange with a very high exchange coefficient Hi.
- the relatively small number of ribs also helps to lighten the tubes.
- the tubes according to the invention are particularly suitable for all single-phase fluid heat exchange circuits, especially those using aqueous solutions, which is very advantageous in practice.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- un rapport H/Di compris entre 0,02 et 0,03, H désignant la profondeur des rainures (ou la hauteur des nervures), et Di le diamètre intérieur du tube rainuré,
- un angle d'hélice β par rapport à l'axe de tube compris entre 7 et 30°,
- un-rapport S/H compris entre 0,15 et 0,40, avec S désignant la section transversale de la rainure,
- un angle d'apex α des nervures compris entre 30 et 60°.
Des tubes voisins sont décrits dans la demande japonaise n°57-58094.
Le brevet US n° 4,044,797 décrit des tubes à rainures en V ou U voisins des tubes précédents.
- d'une part, les caractéristiques relatives au transfert de chaleur (coefficient d'échange thermique), domaine dans lequel les tubes rainurés sont très supérieurs aux tubes non rainurés, de sorte qu'à échange thermique équivalent, la longueur de tube rainurée nécessaire sera moindre que celle de tube non rainuré,
- d'autre part, les caractéristiques relatives aux pertes de charge, de faibles pertes de charges permettant d'utiliser des pompes ou compresseurs de plus faible puissance, encombrement et coût,
- en outre, la faisabilité industrielle des tubes et la vitesse de production qui conditionne le prix de revient du tube chez le fabricant de tubes,
- enfin, les caractéristiques relatives aux propriétés mécaniques des tubes, typiquement en relation avec la nature des alliages utilisés ou avec l'épaisseur moyenne des tubes, épaisseur qui conditionne le poids du tube par unité de longueur, et donc influe sur son prix de revient.
D'autre part, chacun de ces enseignements offre lui-même le plus souvent une large étendue de possibilités, les paramètres étant généralement définis par des plages de valeurs relativement larges.
Enfin, ces enseignements concernent, quand cela est spécifié, les échanges avec fluides diphasiques, c'est à dire ceux qui utilisent un fluide qui s'évapore dans une partie du circuit du fluide dans l'échangeur, et qui se condense dans une autre partie du circuit, un même tube rainuré n'étant pas également performant en évaporation et en condensation. En définitive, l'homme du métier a déjà beaucoup de difficultés pour tirer la quintessence de l'état de la technique, parmi un si grand nombre de données, parfois contradictoires.
L'homme du métier sait par contre qu'un tube typique du commerce, à nervures triangulaires comme représenté à la figure 1, présente typiquement les caractéristiques suivantes : diamètre extérieur De = 12 mm, hauteur de nervure H = 0,25 mm, épaisseur de paroi du tube Tf = 0,35 mm, nombre de nervures N = 65, angle d'hélice β = 18°, angle d'apex α = 55°.
La demanderesse a réussi à obtenir des tubes à la fois adaptés aux fluides monophasiques, de faible perte de charge et de faible poids au mètre, grâce à la combinaison de moyens a) à e) qui précèdent.
En particulier, contrairement à l'enseignement de l'état de la technique, ces tubes présentent simultanément un petit nombre de nervures et une épaisseur relativement faible.
En effet, pour des valeurs plus élevées de l'angle d'apex α, le coefficient d'échange Hi tend à diminuer, et pour des valeurs plus faibles, il y a des difficultés de fabrication, notamment à cause de l'usure des outils ou mandrins de mise en forme, et en outre les angles aigus tendent à être détruits lors de la formation d'une batterie avec ailette, lors de l'expansion des tubes.
Notamment lorsque le profil des nervures forme un trapèze, le sommet de ladite nervure formant un petit côté du trapèze peut présenter des bords arrondis, comme c'est le souvent le cas lorsque le profil des nervures forme un triangle.
Cependant, comme illustré sur les figures 2b et 2c, lesdites nervures peuvent se raccordent audits fonds typiquement plats avec des angles de raccordement droit et gauche 1 et 2 tels que 1- 2 soit au moins égal à 10°, de manière à former des nervures asymétriques ou inclinées.
Comme illustré sur la figure 3c, lesdites nervures peuvent former une succession alternée de nervures présentant des angles de raccordement droit et gauche 1 et 2 pour l'une, et 2 et 1 pour l'autre.
Comme illustré sur la figure 1c, lesdites nervures peuvent former une succession de nervures de hauteur H1=H et de hauteur H2 = a.H1, avec a compris entre 0,1 et 0,9, la nervure de hauteur H1 étant la nervure principale, et la nervure de hauteur H2 étant la nervure secondaire. Typiquement, ladite succession peut être une alternance de nervures de hauteur H1 et de nervures de hauteur H2 séparées par une rainure à fond plat. Voir essai E avec H1 = 0,25 mm et H2 = 0,22 mm.
Comme illustré sur les figures 3a et 3b, lesdits tubes peuvent comprendre des nervures secondaires de hauteur H' < 0,5.H et localisées typiquement à mi-distance entre deux nervures de hauteur H ou de hauteur H1 et H2.
Ces tubes, typiquement non cannelés, peuvent être obtenus typiquement par rainurage de tubes, ou éventuellement, par rainurage à plat d'une bande métallique puis formation d'un tube soudé.
Ces tubes peuvent être de section transversale typiquement ronde, ovale ou rectangulaire. Ils peuvent être de section ovale ou rectangulaire, en particulier dans le cas de tubes soudés.
Comme illustré sur la figure 4b, ces échangeurs peuvent comprendre des ailettes d'échange thermique en contact avec lesdits tubes sur une fraction desdits tubes, dans lesquels la distance maximale entre lesdites ailettes et lesdits tubes, sur la fraction qui n'est pas en contact, est inférieure à 0,01 mm, et de préférence inférieure à 0,005 mm.
Selon l'invention, le fluide frigoporteur ou caloporteur peut être utilisé comme fluide monophasique typiquement choisi avec des caractéristiques de viscosité dynamique comprise entre 0,5 et 30 m.Pa et de nombre de Prandtl compris entre 5 et 160.
Par ailleurs d'autres essais ont été effectués d'autres diamètres De, essais qui ont montré que le rainurage selon l'invention permettait de choisir une épaisseur Tf à fond de rainure telle que Tf/De soit égal à 0,023 ± 0,005, ce qui conduit à une épaisseur Tf sensiblement inférieure à l'épaisseur standard et donc à un gain de poids significatif, le tube en conservant des performances mécaniques d'usage satisfaisantes.
Réf. | H mm | Angle α° | Angle β° | N | Type | Tf mm | LN/LR | P/H | P mm | S/H |
A | 0,337 | 29 | 24 | 22 | T1 | 0,30 | 0,28 | 4,84 | 1,63 | 1,36 |
B | 0,280 | 33 | 25 | 20 | T1-2 | 0,30 | 0,29 | 6,89 | 1,93 | 1,47 |
C | 0,227 | 70 | 30 | 40 | T2 | 0,30 | 0,77 | 4 | 0,91 | 0,61 |
D | 0,304 | 41 | 25 | 29 | T1 | 0,32 | 0,51 | 4,12 | 1,25 | 0,85 |
E | 0,25 0,22 | 40 | 18 | 70 | T2 | 0,35 | 1,15 | 2,56 | 0,64 | 0,35 |
F | 0,23 | 53 | 28 | 65 | T1 | 0,35 | 1,8 | 2,39 | 0,55 | 0,26 |
G | 0,280 | 70 | 10 | 22 | T1 | 0,30 | 0,28 | 5,80 | 1,62 | 1,36 |
L | - | - | - | - | 0,40 | - | - | - |
Les tests ont été réalisés à +5°C et à -5°C.
On a mesuré la viscosité dynamique (m.Pa.s) des solutions utilisées à ces deux températures :
T | Monopropylène glycol (m.Pa.s) | Solution de formate de K |
- 5°C | 20 | 4,5 |
+5°C | 10 | 2,5 |
Pour la solution de formate de K, le nombre de Prandtl est de 20 à +5°C
En conclusion, avec les tubes selon l'invention, le gain en poids est de 10 % par rapport aux tubes rainurés de l'état de la technique et de 4% par rapport au tube lisse utilisé généralement dans cette application.
Le tableau qui suit donne la valeur de Hi pour trois valeurs de Re : 2400, 2600 et 2800.
Re | Hi tube A=HiA | Hi tube C=HiC | Hi tube L=HiL | HiA/HiL | HiC/HiL |
2400 | 3250 | 2300 | 2125 | 1,53 | 1,08 |
2600 | 3500 | 2550 | 2325 | 1,50 | 1,10 |
2800 | 3750 | 2750 | 2500 | 1,50 | 1,10 |
DP KPa/m | HiA | HiC | HiG | HiF | HiE | HiL |
14 | 3209 | 2777 | 2640 | 2300 | 2300 | 2300 |
16 | 3664 | 3300 | 3050 | 2936 | 2709 | 2709 |
DP KPa/m | HiA/HiL | HiC/HiL | HiG/HiL | HiF/HiL | HiEHiL | HiL/HiL |
14 | 1,395 | 1,21 | 1,15 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
16 | 1,35 | 1,22 | 1,13 | 1,08 | 1 |
Le tableau qui suit donne les coefficients d'échange et le rapport de ceux-ci pour des pertes de charge identiques de 14 KPa/m et 18KPa/m.
DP KPa/m | HiA | HiG | HiA/HiG |
14 | 3239 | 2630 | 1,23 |
18 | 3674 | 3090 | 1,19 |
Dp KPa/m | HiA | HiB | HiC | HiE | HiF | HiL |
4 | 2545 | 2273 | 1591 | 1591 | 1591 | 1591 |
8 | 4000 | 3545 | 2455 | 2273 | 2273 | 2273 |
12 | 4545 | 4409 | 3409 | 3045 | 2909 | 2773 |
Dp KPa/m | HiA/HiL | HiB/HiL | HiC/HiL | HiE/HiL | HiF/HiL | HiL/HiL |
4 | 1,60 | 1,43 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
8 | 1,76 | 1,47 | 1,08 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
12 | 1,64 | 1,59 | 1,23 | 1,10 | 1,05 | 1 |
Dp KPa/m | HiA | HiB | HiC | HiE | HiF | HiL |
4 | 2423 | 1769 | 1769 | 1769 | 1769 | 1769 |
8 | 3615 | 2615 | 3000 | 2615 | 2615 | 2615 |
12 | 4231 | 3539 | 4000 | 3269 | 3385 | 3077 |
Dp KPa/m | HiA/HiL | HiB/HiL | HiC/HiL | HiE/HiL | HiF/HiL | HiL/HiL |
4 | 1,37 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
8 | 1,38 | 1 | 1,15 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
12 | 1,38 | 1,15 | 1,30 | 1,06 | 1,10 | 1 |
Dp KPa/m | HiA | HiB | HiC | HiE | HiF | HiL |
4 | 3256 | 2325 | 2791 | 2325 | 2325 | 2325 |
8 | 4000 | 3674 | 4280 | 3442 | 3674 | 3116 |
12 | 4744 | 4465 | 5000 | 4465 | 4465 | 3581 |
Dp KPa/m | HiA/HiL | HiB/HiL | HiC/HiL | HiE/HiL | HiF/HiL | HiL/HiL |
4 | 1,40 | 1 | 1,2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
8 | 1,28 | 1,18 | 1,37 | 1,10 | 1,18 | 1 |
12 | 1,32 | 1,25 | 1,40 | 1,25 | 1,25 | 1 |
Cependant, dans des cas particuliers, les tubes B et C peuvent être avantageux. Ainsi, le tube B peut l'être dans le cas d'un échange thermique à +5°C avec une solution aqueuse de monopropylèneglycol comme fluide circulant dans l'échangeur. De même, le tube C peut être avantageux dans le cas d'un échange thermique à +5°C avec une solution aqueuse de formate de K comme fluide circulant dans l'échangeur.
D'autre part, elle permet d'avoir des tubes de faible poids au mètre, à la fois parce que l'invention permet d'avoir des tubes à la fois de petit diamètre et de faible épaisseur à fond de rainure, tubes très performants notamment en ce qui concerne le coefficient d'échange thermique et qui sont aptes à remplacer des tubes de plus grand diamètre et avec une plus grande épaisseur à fond de rainure. De plus, le nombre relativement faible de nervures contribue également à alléger les tubes.
Enfin, les tubes selon l'invention sont particulièrement adaptés à tous les circuits d'échange thermique à fluide monophasique, notamment ceux qui utilisent des solutions aqueuses, ce qui est très avantageux en pratique.
Tube rainuré | 1 |
Nervure | 2 |
Rainure | 3 |
Rainure axiale | 30 |
Batterie | 4 |
Ailette | 5 |
Axe du tube | 6 |
Claims (20)
- Tubes métalliques (1) rainurés, d'épaisseur Tf en fond de rainure, de diamètre extérieur De, typiquement destinés à la fabrication d'échangeurs de chaleur utilisant un fluide frigoporteur ou caloporteur de type monophasique, rainurés intérieurement par N nervures hélicoïdales (2) d'angle d'apex α, de hauteur H, de largeur de base LN et d'angle d'hélice β, deux nervures consécutives étant séparées par une rainure (3) à fond typiquement plat de largeur LR, avec un pas P égal LR + LN , caractérisés en ce que :a) l'épaisseur Tf dudit tube est telle que Tf /De soit égal à 0,023± 0,005, Tf et De étant exprimés en mm, avec De allant 4 mm à 14,5 mm,b) lesdites nervures sont de hauteur H telle que H/De soit égal à 0,028 ± 0,005, H et De étant exprimés en mm,c) le nombre N de nervures est tel que N/De soit égal à 2,1 ± 0,4, le pas P correspondant étant égal à π.Di/N, avec Di égal à De-2.Tf, et De étant exprimé en mm,d) lesdites largeurs de base LN et LR sont telles que LN / LR soit compris entre 0,20 et 0,80,d) ledit angle d'apex α va de 10° à 50°,e) ledit angle d'hélice β va de 20° à 50°,
- Tubes selon la revendication 1 dans lesquels ledit angle d'hélice β va de préférence de 25° à 35°.
- Tubes selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 2 dans lequel ledit angle d'apex α est typiquement inférieur à 45° et est compris de préférence entre 15 et 30°.
- Tubes selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 dans lequel le rapport S/H, S étant la surface comprise entre deux rainures consécutives, est compris entre 0,8 et 1,5, S et H étant exprimés respectivement en mm2 et en mm.
- Tubes selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 dans lequel H/De est égal à 0,028 ± 0,003.
- Tubes selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 dans lequel P/H va de 3,5 à 7, et préférence de 4 à 6.
- Tubes selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 dans lesquels lesdites nervures sont de section triangulaire, trapézoïdale ou quadrilatère, à angles au sommet éventuellement arrondis.
- Tubes selon la revendication 7 dans lequel lesdites nervures ont un profil de type "trapèze" avec une base et un sommet, ledit sommet comprenant une partie centrale sensiblement plate, et éventuellement en pente par rapport à ladite base, ledit sommet de ladite nervure formant un petit côté du trapèze présentant typiquement des bords arrondis.
- Tubes selon une quelconque des revendications 7 à 8 dans lequel ledit sommet arrondi et/ou lesdits bords arrondis présentent des rayons de courbure inférieurs à 100 µm, le raccordement des nervures audits fonds typiquement plats présentant des rayons de courbure inférieurs à 100 µm, allant de préférence de 20 à 50 µm.
- Tubes selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9 dans lesquels lesdites nervures sont symétriques et se raccordent audits fonds typiquement plats avec des angles de raccordement droit et gauche 1 et 2 tels que 1- 2 soit typiquement égal à 0 ou au plus égal à 10°, de manière à former des nervures symétriques ou quasi-symétriques.
- Tubes selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10 dans lesquels lesdites nervures se raccordent audits fonds typiquement plats avec des angles de raccordement droit et gauche 1 et 2 tels que 1 - 2 soit au moins égal à 10°, de manière à former des nervures asymétriques ou inclinées.
- Tubes selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 dans lesquels lesdites nervures présentent une base de forme triangulaire sur une hauteur hB et un sommet de forme trapézoïdale sur une hauteur hS, avec H égal à hB + hS, et hB / hS allant typiquement de 1 à2.
- Tubes selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12 dans lesquels lesdites nervures forment une succession de nervures de hauteur H1=H et de hauteur H2 = a.H1, avec a compris entre 0,1 et 0,9, la nervure de hauteur H1 étant la nervure principale, et la nervure de hauteur H2 étant la nervure secondaire, ces deux nervures étant séparées par une rainure à fond plat.
- Tubes selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13 qui comprennent en outre un rainurage axial créant dans lesdites nervures des encoches à profil typiquement triangulaire à sommet arrondi, ledit sommet présentant un angle γ allant de 25 à 65°, ladite partie inférieure ou sommet est à une distance h du fond desdites rainures allant de 0 à 0,2 mm.
- Tubes selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14 en Cu et alliages de Cu, Al et alliages d'Al, Fe et alliages de Fe.
- Tubes selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, typiquement non cannelés, obtenus typiquement par rainurage de tubes, ou éventuellement, par rainurage à plat d'une bande métallique puis formation d'un tube soudé.
- Tubes selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 16 de section transversale typiquement ronde, ovale ou rectangulaire.
- Echangeurs de chaleur utilisant des tubes selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 17.
- Utilisation de tubes selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 17 et d'échangeurs selon la revendication 18, dans lesquels le fluide frigoporteur ou caloporteur est utilisé comme fluide monophasique typiquement choisi parmi : l'eau, les solutions aqueuses glycolées typiquement à 30% de glycol, les solutions de formate et/ou d'actétate de K, les sorbets, les liquides organiques, le CO2 liquide.
- Utilisation de tubes selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 17 et d'échangeurs selon la revendication 18, pour échangeurs de chaleur dans lesquels le fluide frigoporteur ou caloporteur est utilisé comme fluide monophasique typiquement choisi avec des caractéristiques de viscosité dynamique comprise entre 0,5 et 30 m.Pa et de nombre de Prandtl compris entre 5 et 160.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL04007195T PL1482269T3 (pl) | 2003-05-26 | 2004-03-25 | Rury rowkowane dla wymienników ciepła z czynnikiem jednofazowym, typowo wodnym |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0306316 | 2003-05-26 | ||
FR0306316A FR2855601B1 (fr) | 2003-05-26 | 2003-05-26 | Tubes rainures pour echangeurs thermiques a fluide monophasique, typiquement aqueux |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1482269A2 true EP1482269A2 (fr) | 2004-12-01 |
EP1482269A3 EP1482269A3 (fr) | 2005-11-09 |
EP1482269B1 EP1482269B1 (fr) | 2006-11-29 |
Family
ID=33104470
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP04007195A Expired - Lifetime EP1482269B1 (fr) | 2003-05-26 | 2004-03-25 | Tubes rainurés pour échangeurs thermiques à fluide monophasique, typiquement aqueux |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7267166B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1482269B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE347083T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE602004003422T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK1482269T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2278241T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2855601B1 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL1482269T3 (fr) |
PT (1) | PT1482269E (fr) |
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EP1804013A1 (fr) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-07-04 | Calsonic Kansei Corporation | Structure du cýur d'un échangeur de chaleur |
WO2015007645A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-18 | 2015-01-22 | Luvata Espoo Oy | Tube pour transfert de chaleur |
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JP4665713B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-25 | 2011-04-06 | 日立電線株式会社 | 内面溝付伝熱管 |
FR2893124B1 (fr) * | 2005-11-09 | 2008-03-21 | Trefimetaux | Tubes rainures pour echangeurs thermiques a resistance a l'expansion amelioree |
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US7954544B2 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2011-06-07 | Uop Llc | Heat transfer unit for high reynolds number flow |
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US20110083619A1 (en) * | 2009-10-08 | 2011-04-14 | Master Bashir I | Dual enhanced tube for vapor generator |
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JP2011144989A (ja) * | 2010-01-13 | 2011-07-28 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 熱交換器用の伝熱管、熱交換器、冷凍サイクル装置及び空気調和装置 |
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US20220412669A1 (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2022-12-29 | Ma Aluminum Corporation | Inner spiral grooved tube with excellent heat transfer property and heat exchanger |
JP6868146B1 (ja) * | 2020-06-29 | 2021-05-12 | 株式会社クボタ | 流体撹拌要素を具える熱分解管 |
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KR20230165785A (ko) * | 2021-04-07 | 2023-12-05 | 파랄로이 리미티드 | 축방향 개질장치 튜브 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1804013A1 (fr) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-07-04 | Calsonic Kansei Corporation | Structure du cýur d'un échangeur de chaleur |
WO2015007645A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-18 | 2015-01-22 | Luvata Espoo Oy | Tube pour transfert de chaleur |
US9891009B2 (en) | 2013-07-18 | 2018-02-13 | Luvata Alltop (Zhongshan) Ltd. | Tube for heat transfer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PT1482269E (pt) | 2007-03-30 |
US7267166B2 (en) | 2007-09-11 |
ATE347083T1 (de) | 2006-12-15 |
EP1482269A3 (fr) | 2005-11-09 |
EP1482269B1 (fr) | 2006-11-29 |
FR2855601B1 (fr) | 2005-06-24 |
DE602004003422D1 (de) | 2007-01-11 |
DE602004003422T2 (de) | 2008-02-21 |
ES2278241T3 (es) | 2007-08-01 |
US20050045319A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
DK1482269T3 (da) | 2007-04-02 |
FR2855601A1 (fr) | 2004-12-03 |
PL1482269T3 (pl) | 2007-04-30 |
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